youtube_dl/utils.py

   1 #!/usr/bin/env python
   2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
   3
   4 from __future__ import unicode_literals
   5
   6 import base64
   7 import binascii
   8 import calendar
   9 import codecs
  10 import contextlib
  11 import ctypes
  12 import datetime
  13 import email.utils
  14 import errno
  15 import functools
  16 import gzip
  17 import itertools
  18 import io
  19 import json
  20 import locale
  21 import math
  22 import operator
  23 import os
  24 import pipes
  25 import platform
  26 import re
  27 import ssl
  28 import socket
  29 import struct
  30 import subprocess
  31 import sys
  32 import tempfile
  33 import traceback
  34 import xml.etree.ElementTree
  35 import zlib
  36
  37 from .compat import (
  38     compat_basestring,
  39     compat_chr,
  40     compat_etree_fromstring,
  41     compat_html_entities,
  42     compat_http_client,
  43     compat_kwargs,
  44     compat_parse_qs,
  45     compat_socket_create_connection,
  46     compat_str,
  47     compat_urllib_error,
  48     compat_urllib_parse,
  49     compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
  50     compat_urllib_request,
  51     compat_urlparse,
  52     shlex_quote,
  53 )
  54
  55
  56 # This is not clearly defined otherwise
  57 compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
  58
  59 std_headers = {
  60     'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:10.0) Gecko/20150101 Firefox/44.0 (Chrome)',
  61     'Accept-Charset': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7',
  62     'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
  63     'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
  64     'Accept-Language': 'en-us,en;q=0.5',
  65 }
  66
  67
  68 NO_DEFAULT = object()
  69
  70 ENGLISH_MONTH_NAMES = [
  71     'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June',
  72     'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']
  73
  74 KNOWN_EXTENSIONS = (
  75     'mp4', 'm4a', 'm4p', 'm4b', 'm4r', 'm4v', 'aac',
  76     'flv', 'f4v', 'f4a', 'f4b',
  77     'webm', 'ogg', 'ogv', 'oga', 'ogx', 'spx', 'opus',
  78     'mkv', 'mka', 'mk3d',
  79     'avi', 'divx',
  80     'mov',
  81     'asf', 'wmv', 'wma',
  82     '3gp', '3g2',
  83     'mp3',
  84     'flac',
  85     'ape',
  86     'wav',
  87     'f4f', 'f4m', 'm3u8', 'smil')
  88
  89
  90 def preferredencoding():
  91     """Get preferred encoding.
  92
  93     Returns the best encoding scheme for the system, based on
  94     locale.getpreferredencoding() and some further tweaks.
  95     """
  96     try:
  97         pref = locale.getpreferredencoding()
  98         'TEST'.encode(pref)
  99     except Exception:
 100         pref = 'UTF-8'
 101
 102     return pref
 103
 104
 105 def write_json_file(obj, fn):
 106     """ Encode obj as JSON and write it to fn, atomically if possible """
 107
 108     fn = encodeFilename(fn)
 109     if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and sys.platform != 'win32':
 110         encoding = get_filesystem_encoding()
 111         # os.path.basename returns a bytes object, but NamedTemporaryFile
 112         # will fail if the filename contains non ascii characters unless we
 113         # use a unicode object
 114         path_basename = lambda f: os.path.basename(fn).decode(encoding)
 115         # the same for os.path.dirname
 116         path_dirname = lambda f: os.path.dirname(fn).decode(encoding)
 117     else:
 118         path_basename = os.path.basename
 119         path_dirname = os.path.dirname
 120
 121     args = {
 122         'suffix': '.tmp',
 123         'prefix': path_basename(fn) + '.',
 124         'dir': path_dirname(fn),
 125         'delete': False,
 126     }
 127
 128     # In Python 2.x, json.dump expects a bytestream.
 129     # In Python 3.x, it writes to a character stream
 130     if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
 131         args['mode'] = 'wb'
 132     else:
 133         args.update({
 134             'mode': 'w',
 135             'encoding': 'utf-8',
 136         })
 137
 138     tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(**compat_kwargs(args))
 139
 140     try:
 141         with tf:
 142             json.dump(obj, tf)
 143         if sys.platform == 'win32':
 144             # Need to remove existing file on Windows, else os.rename raises
 145             # WindowsError or FileExistsError.
 146             try:
 147                 os.unlink(fn)
 148             except OSError:
 149                 pass
 150         os.rename(tf.name, fn)
 151     except Exception:
 152         try:
 153             os.remove(tf.name)
 154         except OSError:
 155             pass
 156         raise
 157
 158
 159 if sys.version_info >= (2, 7):
 160     def find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, val=None):
 161         """ Find the xpath xpath[@key=val] """
 162         assert re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z_-]+$', key)
 163         if val:
 164             assert re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z0-9@\s:._-]*$', val)
 165         expr = xpath + ('[@%s]' % key if val is None else "[@%s='%s']" % (key, val))
 166         return node.find(expr)
 167 else:
 168     def find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, val=None):
 169         # Here comes the crazy part: In 2.6, if the xpath is a unicode,
 170         # .//node does not match if a node is a direct child of . !
 171         if isinstance(xpath, compat_str):
 172             xpath = xpath.encode('ascii')
 173
 174         for f in node.findall(xpath):
 175             if key not in f.attrib:
 176                 continue
 177             if val is None or f.attrib.get(key) == val:
 178                 return f
 179         return None
 180
 181 # On python2.6 the xml.etree.ElementTree.Element methods don't support
 182 # the namespace parameter
 183
 184
 185 def xpath_with_ns(path, ns_map):
 186     components = [c.split(':') for c in path.split('/')]
 187     replaced = []
 188     for c in components:
 189         if len(c) == 1:
 190             replaced.append(c[0])
 191         else:
 192             ns, tag = c
 193             replaced.append('{%s}%s' % (ns_map[ns], tag))
 194     return '/'.join(replaced)
 195
 196
 197 def xpath_element(node, xpath, name=None, fatal=False, default=NO_DEFAULT):
 198     def _find_xpath(xpath):
 199         if sys.version_info < (2, 7):  # Crazy 2.6
 200             xpath = xpath.encode('ascii')
 201         return node.find(xpath)
 202
 203     if isinstance(xpath, (str, compat_str)):
 204         n = _find_xpath(xpath)
 205     else:
 206         for xp in xpath:
 207             n = _find_xpath(xp)
 208             if n is not None:
 209                 break
 210
 211     if n is None:
 212         if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
 213             return default
 214         elif fatal:
 215             name = xpath if name is None else name
 216             raise ExtractorError('Could not find XML element %s' % name)
 217         else:
 218             return None
 219     return n
 220
 221
 222 def xpath_text(node, xpath, name=None, fatal=False, default=NO_DEFAULT):
 223     n = xpath_element(node, xpath, name, fatal=fatal, default=default)
 224     if n is None or n == default:
 225         return n
 226     if n.text is None:
 227         if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
 228             return default
 229         elif fatal:
 230             name = xpath if name is None else name
 231             raise ExtractorError('Could not find XML element\'s text %s' % name)
 232         else:
 233             return None
 234     return n.text
 235
 236
 237 def xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, name=None, fatal=False, default=NO_DEFAULT):
 238     n = find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key)
 239     if n is None:
 240         if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
 241             return default
 242         elif fatal:
 243             name = '%s[@%s]' % (xpath, key) if name is None else name
 244             raise ExtractorError('Could not find XML attribute %s' % name)
 245         else:
 246             return None
 247     return n.attrib[key]
 248
 249
 250 def get_element_by_id(id, html):
 251     """Return the content of the tag with the specified ID in the passed HTML document"""
 252     return get_element_by_attribute('id', id, html)
 253
 254
 255 def get_element_by_attribute(attribute, value, html):
 256     """Return the content of the tag with the specified attribute in the passed HTML document"""
 257
 258     m = re.search(r'''(?xs)
 259         <([a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+)
 260          (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+|="[^"]+"|='[^']+'))*?
 261          \s+%s=['"]?%s['"]?
 262          (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+|="[^"]+"|='[^']+'))*?
 263         \s*>
 264         (?P<content>.*?)
 265         </\1>
 266     ''' % (re.escape(attribute), re.escape(value)), html)
 267
 268     if not m:
 269         return None
 270     res = m.group('content')
 271
 272     if res.startswith('"') or res.startswith("'"):
 273         res = res[1:-1]
 274
 275     return unescapeHTML(res)
 276
 277
 278 def clean_html(html):
 279     """Clean an HTML snippet into a readable string"""
 280
 281     if html is None:  # Convenience for sanitizing descriptions etc.
 282         return html
 283
 284     # Newline vs <br />
 285     html = html.replace('\n', ' ')
 286     html = re.sub(r'\s*<\s*br\s*/?\s*>\s*', '\n', html)
 287     html = re.sub(r'<\s*/\s*p\s*>\s*<\s*p[^>]*>', '\n', html)
 288     # Strip html tags
 289     html = re.sub('<.*?>', '', html)
 290     # Replace html entities
 291     html = unescapeHTML(html)
 292     return html.strip()
 293
 294
 295 def sanitize_open(filename, open_mode):
 296     """Try to open the given filename, and slightly tweak it if this fails.
 297
 298     Attempts to open the given filename. If this fails, it tries to change
 299     the filename slightly, step by step, until it's either able to open it
 300     or it fails and raises a final exception, like the standard open()
 301     function.
 302
 303     It returns the tuple (stream, definitive_file_name).
 304     """
 305     try:
 306         if filename == '-':
 307             if sys.platform == 'win32':
 308                 import msvcrt
 309                 msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
 310             return (sys.stdout.buffer if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer') else sys.stdout, filename)
 311         stream = open(encodeFilename(filename), open_mode)
 312         return (stream, filename)
 313     except (IOError, OSError) as err:
 314         if err.errno in (errno.EACCES,):
 315             raise
 316
 317         # In case of error, try to remove win32 forbidden chars
 318         alt_filename = sanitize_path(filename)
 319         if alt_filename == filename:
 320             raise
 321         else:
 322             # An exception here should be caught in the caller
 323             stream = open(encodeFilename(alt_filename), open_mode)
 324             return (stream, alt_filename)
 325
 326
 327 def timeconvert(timestr):
 328     """Convert RFC 2822 defined time string into system timestamp"""
 329     timestamp = None
 330     timetuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(timestr)
 331     if timetuple is not None:
 332         timestamp = email.utils.mktime_tz(timetuple)
 333     return timestamp
 334
 335
 336 def sanitize_filename(s, restricted=False, is_id=False):
 337     """Sanitizes a string so it could be used as part of a filename.
 338     If restricted is set, use a stricter subset of allowed characters.
 339     Set is_id if this is not an arbitrary string, but an ID that should be kept if possible
 340     """
 341     def replace_insane(char):
 342         if char == '?' or ord(char) < 32 or ord(char) == 127:
 343             return ''
 344         elif char == '"':
 345             return '' if restricted else '\''
 346         elif char == ':':
 347             return '_-' if restricted else ' -'
 348         elif char in '\\/|*<>':
 349             return '_'
 350         if restricted and (char in '!&\'()[]{}$;`^,#' or char.isspace()):
 351             return '_'
 352         if restricted and ord(char) > 127:
 353             return '_'
 354         return char
 355
 356     # Handle timestamps
 357     s = re.sub(r'[0-9]+(?::[0-9]+)+', lambda m: m.group(0).replace(':', '_'), s)
 358     result = ''.join(map(replace_insane, s))
 359     if not is_id:
 360         while '__' in result:
 361             result = result.replace('__', '_')
 362         result = result.strip('_')
 363         # Common case of "Foreign band name - English song title"
 364         if restricted and result.startswith('-_'):
 365             result = result[2:]
 366         if result.startswith('-'):
 367             result = '_' + result[len('-'):]
 368         result = result.lstrip('.')
 369         if not result:
 370             result = '_'
 371     return result
 372
 373
 374 def sanitize_path(s):
 375     """Sanitizes and normalizes path on Windows"""
 376     if sys.platform != 'win32':
 377         return s
 378     drive_or_unc, _ = os.path.splitdrive(s)
 379     if sys.version_info < (2, 7) and not drive_or_unc:
 380         drive_or_unc, _ = os.path.splitunc(s)
 381     norm_path = os.path.normpath(remove_start(s, drive_or_unc)).split(os.path.sep)
 382     if drive_or_unc:
 383         norm_path.pop(0)
 384     sanitized_path = [
 385         path_part if path_part in ['.', '..'] else re.sub('(?:[/<>:"\\|\\\\?\\*]|[\s.]$)', '#', path_part)
 386         for path_part in norm_path]
 387     if drive_or_unc:
 388         sanitized_path.insert(0, drive_or_unc + os.path.sep)
 389     return os.path.join(*sanitized_path)
 390
 391
 392 # Prepend protocol-less URLs with `http:` scheme in order to mitigate the number of
 393 # unwanted failures due to missing protocol
 394 def sanitized_Request(url, *args, **kwargs):
 395     return compat_urllib_request.Request(
 396         'http:%s' % url if url.startswith('//') else url, *args, **kwargs)
 397
 398
 399 def orderedSet(iterable):
 400     """ Remove all duplicates from the input iterable """
 401     res = []
 402     for el in iterable:
 403         if el not in res:
 404             res.append(el)
 405     return res
 406
 407
 408 def _htmlentity_transform(entity):
 409     """Transforms an HTML entity to a character."""
 410     # Known non-numeric HTML entity
 411     if entity in compat_html_entities.name2codepoint:
 412         return compat_chr(compat_html_entities.name2codepoint[entity])
 413
 414     mobj = re.match(r'#(x[0-9a-fA-F]+|[0-9]+)', entity)
 415     if mobj is not None:
 416         numstr = mobj.group(1)
 417         if numstr.startswith('x'):
 418             base = 16
 419             numstr = '0%s' % numstr
 420         else:
 421             base = 10
 422         # See https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7518
 423         try:
 424             return compat_chr(int(numstr, base))
 425         except ValueError:
 426             pass
 427
 428     # Unknown entity in name, return its literal representation
 429     return '&%s;' % entity
 430
 431
 432 def unescapeHTML(s):
 433     if s is None:
 434         return None
 435     assert type(s) == compat_str
 436
 437     return re.sub(
 438         r'&([^;]+);', lambda m: _htmlentity_transform(m.group(1)), s)
 439
 440
 441 def get_subprocess_encoding():
 442     if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 5:
 443         # For subprocess calls, encode with locale encoding
 444         # Refer to http://stackoverflow.com/a/9951851/35070
 445         encoding = preferredencoding()
 446     else:
 447         encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
 448     if encoding is None:
 449         encoding = 'utf-8'
 450     return encoding
 451
 452
 453 def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
 454     """
 455     @param s The name of the file
 456     """
 457
 458     assert type(s) == compat_str
 459
 460     # Python 3 has a Unicode API
 461     if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
 462         return s
 463
 464     # Pass '' directly to use Unicode APIs on Windows 2000 and up
 465     # (Detecting Windows NT 4 is tricky because 'major >= 4' would
 466     # match Windows 9x series as well. Besides, NT 4 is obsolete.)
 467     if not for_subprocess and sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 5:
 468         return s
 469
 470     return s.encode(get_subprocess_encoding(), 'ignore')
 471
 472
 473 def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
 474
 475     if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
 476         return b
 477
 478     if not isinstance(b, bytes):
 479         return b
 480
 481     return b.decode(get_subprocess_encoding(), 'ignore')
 482
 483
 484 def encodeArgument(s):
 485     if not isinstance(s, compat_str):
 486         # Legacy code that uses byte strings
 487         # Uncomment the following line after fixing all post processors
 488         # assert False, 'Internal error: %r should be of type %r, is %r' % (s, compat_str, type(s))
 489         s = s.decode('ascii')
 490     return encodeFilename(s, True)
 491
 492
 493 def decodeArgument(b):
 494     return decodeFilename(b, True)
 495
 496
 497 def decodeOption(optval):
 498     if optval is None:
 499         return optval
 500     if isinstance(optval, bytes):
 501         optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
 502
 503     assert isinstance(optval, compat_str)
 504     return optval
 505
 506
 507 def formatSeconds(secs):
 508     if secs > 3600:
 509         return '%d:%02d:%02d' % (secs // 3600, (secs % 3600) // 60, secs % 60)
 510     elif secs > 60:
 511         return '%d:%02d' % (secs // 60, secs % 60)
 512     else:
 513         return '%d' % secs
 514
 515
 516 def make_HTTPS_handler(params, **kwargs):
 517     opts_no_check_certificate = params.get('nocheckcertificate', False)
 518     if hasattr(ssl, 'create_default_context'):  # Python >= 3.4 or 2.7.9
 519         context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH)
 520         if opts_no_check_certificate:
 521             context.check_hostname = False
 522             context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
 523         try:
 524             return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, context=context, **kwargs)
 525         except TypeError:
 526             # Python 2.7.8
 527             # (create_default_context present but HTTPSHandler has no context=)
 528             pass
 529
 530     if sys.version_info < (3, 2):
 531         return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, **kwargs)
 532     else:  # Python < 3.4
 533         context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
 534         context.verify_mode = (ssl.CERT_NONE
 535                                if opts_no_check_certificate
 536                                else ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
 537         context.set_default_verify_paths()
 538         return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, context=context, **kwargs)
 539
 540
 541 def bug_reports_message():
 542     if ytdl_is_updateable():
 543         update_cmd = 'type  youtube-dl -U  to update'
 544     else:
 545         update_cmd = 'see  https://yt-dl.org/update  on how to update'
 546     msg = '; please report this issue on https://yt-dl.org/bug .'
 547     msg += ' Make sure you are using the latest version; %s.' % update_cmd
 548     msg += ' Be sure to call youtube-dl with the --verbose flag and include its complete output.'
 549     return msg
 550
 551
 552 class ExtractorError(Exception):
 553     """Error during info extraction."""
 554
 555     def __init__(self, msg, tb=None, expected=False, cause=None, video_id=None):
 556         """ tb, if given, is the original traceback (so that it can be printed out).
 557         If expected is set, this is a normal error message and most likely not a bug in youtube-dl.
 558         """
 559
 560         if sys.exc_info()[0] in (compat_urllib_error.URLError, socket.timeout, UnavailableVideoError):
 561             expected = True
 562         if video_id is not None:
 563             msg = video_id + ': ' + msg
 564         if cause:
 565             msg += ' (caused by %r)' % cause
 566         if not expected:
 567             msg += bug_reports_message()
 568         super(ExtractorError, self).__init__(msg)
 569
 570         self.traceback = tb
 571         self.exc_info = sys.exc_info()  # preserve original exception
 572         self.cause = cause
 573         self.video_id = video_id
 574
 575     def format_traceback(self):
 576         if self.traceback is None:
 577             return None
 578         return ''.join(traceback.format_tb(self.traceback))
 579
 580
 581 class UnsupportedError(ExtractorError):
 582     def __init__(self, url):
 583         super(UnsupportedError, self).__init__(
 584             'Unsupported URL: %s' % url, expected=True)
 585         self.url = url
 586
 587
 588 class RegexNotFoundError(ExtractorError):
 589     """Error when a regex didn't match"""
 590     pass
 591
 592
 593 class DownloadError(Exception):
 594     """Download Error exception.
 595
 596     This exception may be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they are not
 597     configured to continue on errors. They will contain the appropriate
 598     error message.
 599     """
 600
 601     def __init__(self, msg, exc_info=None):
 602         """ exc_info, if given, is the original exception that caused the trouble (as returned by sys.exc_info()). """
 603         super(DownloadError, self).__init__(msg)
 604         self.exc_info = exc_info
 605
 606
 607 class SameFileError(Exception):
 608     """Same File exception.
 609
 610     This exception will be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they detect
 611     multiple files would have to be downloaded to the same file on disk.
 612     """
 613     pass
 614
 615
 616 class PostProcessingError(Exception):
 617     """Post Processing exception.
 618
 619     This exception may be raised by PostProcessor's .run() method to
 620     indicate an error in the postprocessing task.
 621     """
 622
 623     def __init__(self, msg):
 624         self.msg = msg
 625
 626
 627 class MaxDownloadsReached(Exception):
 628     """ --max-downloads limit has been reached. """
 629     pass
 630
 631
 632 class UnavailableVideoError(Exception):
 633     """Unavailable Format exception.
 634
 635     This exception will be thrown when a video is requested
 636     in a format that is not available for that video.
 637     """
 638     pass
 639
 640
 641 class ContentTooShortError(Exception):
 642     """Content Too Short exception.
 643
 644     This exception may be raised by FileDownloader objects when a file they
 645     download is too small for what the server announced first, indicating
 646     the connection was probably interrupted.
 647     """
 648
 649     def __init__(self, downloaded, expected):
 650         # Both in bytes
 651         self.downloaded = downloaded
 652         self.expected = expected
 653
 654
 655 def _create_http_connection(ydl_handler, http_class, is_https, *args, **kwargs):
 656     # Working around python 2 bug (see http://bugs.python.org/issue17849) by limiting
 657     # expected HTTP responses to meet HTTP/1.0 or later (see also
 658     # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/6727)
 659     if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
 660         kwargs[b'strict'] = True
 661     hc = http_class(*args, **kwargs)
 662     source_address = ydl_handler._params.get('source_address')
 663     if source_address is not None:
 664         sa = (source_address, 0)
 665         if hasattr(hc, 'source_address'):  # Python 2.7+
 666             hc.source_address = sa
 667         else:  # Python 2.6
 668             def _hc_connect(self, *args, **kwargs):
 669                 sock = compat_socket_create_connection(
 670                     (self.host, self.port), self.timeout, sa)
 671                 if is_https:
 672                     self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(
 673                         sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file,
 674                         ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
 675                 else:
 676                     self.sock = sock
 677             hc.connect = functools.partial(_hc_connect, hc)
 678
 679     return hc
 680
 681
 682 def handle_youtubedl_headers(headers):
 683     filtered_headers = headers
 684
 685     if 'Youtubedl-no-compression' in filtered_headers:
 686         filtered_headers = dict((k, v) for k, v in filtered_headers.items() if k.lower() != 'accept-encoding')
 687         del filtered_headers['Youtubedl-no-compression']
 688
 689     return filtered_headers
 690
 691
 692 class YoutubeDLHandler(compat_urllib_request.HTTPHandler):
 693     """Handler for HTTP requests and responses.
 694
 695     This class, when installed with an OpenerDirector, automatically adds
 696     the standard headers to every HTTP request and handles gzipped and
 697     deflated responses from web servers. If compression is to be avoided in
 698     a particular request, the original request in the program code only has
 699     to include the HTTP header "Youtubedl-no-compression", which will be
 700     removed before making the real request.
 701
 702     Part of this code was copied from:
 703
 704     http://techknack.net/python-urllib2-handlers/
 705
 706     Andrew Rowls, the author of that code, agreed to release it to the
 707     public domain.
 708     """
 709
 710     def __init__(self, params, *args, **kwargs):
 711         compat_urllib_request.HTTPHandler.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
 712         self._params = params
 713
 714     def http_open(self, req):
 715         return self.do_open(functools.partial(
 716             _create_http_connection, self, compat_http_client.HTTPConnection, False),
 717             req)
 718
 719     @staticmethod
 720     def deflate(data):
 721         try:
 722             return zlib.decompress(data, -zlib.MAX_WBITS)
 723         except zlib.error:
 724             return zlib.decompress(data)
 725
 726     @staticmethod
 727     def addinfourl_wrapper(stream, headers, url, code):
 728         if hasattr(compat_urllib_request.addinfourl, 'getcode'):
 729             return compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(stream, headers, url, code)
 730         ret = compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(stream, headers, url)
 731         ret.code = code
 732         return ret
 733
 734     def http_request(self, req):
 735         # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not
 736         # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded
 737         # non-ASCII characters (see telemb.py, ard.py [#3412])
 738         # urllib chokes on URLs with non-ASCII characters (see http://bugs.python.org/issue3991)
 739         # To work around aforementioned issue we will replace request's original URL with
 740         # percent-encoded one
 741         # Since redirects are also affected (e.g. http://www.southpark.de/alle-episoden/s18e09)
 742         # the code of this workaround has been moved here from YoutubeDL.urlopen()
 743         url = req.get_full_url()
 744         url_escaped = escape_url(url)
 745
 746         # Substitute URL if any change after escaping
 747         if url != url_escaped:
 748             req_type = HEADRequest if req.get_method() == 'HEAD' else compat_urllib_request.Request
 749             new_req = req_type(
 750                 url_escaped, data=req.data, headers=req.headers,
 751                 origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host, unverifiable=req.unverifiable)
 752             new_req.timeout = req.timeout
 753             req = new_req
 754
 755         for h, v in std_headers.items():
 756             # Capitalize is needed because of Python bug 2275: http://bugs.python.org/issue2275
 757             # The dict keys are capitalized because of this bug by urllib
 758             if h.capitalize() not in req.headers:
 759                 req.add_header(h, v)
 760
 761         req.headers = handle_youtubedl_headers(req.headers)
 762
 763         if sys.version_info < (2, 7) and '#' in req.get_full_url():
 764             # Python 2.6 is brain-dead when it comes to fragments
 765             req._Request__original = req._Request__original.partition('#')[0]
 766             req._Request__r_type = req._Request__r_type.partition('#')[0]
 767
 768         return req
 769
 770     def http_response(self, req, resp):
 771         old_resp = resp
 772         # gzip
 773         if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'gzip':
 774             content = resp.read()
 775             gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(content), mode='rb')
 776             try:
 777                 uncompressed = io.BytesIO(gz.read())
 778             except IOError as original_ioerror:
 779                 # There may be junk add the end of the file
 780                 # See http://stackoverflow.com/q/4928560/35070 for details
 781                 for i in range(1, 1024):
 782                     try:
 783                         gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(content[:-i]), mode='rb')
 784                         uncompressed = io.BytesIO(gz.read())
 785                     except IOError:
 786                         continue
 787                     break
 788                 else:
 789                     raise original_ioerror
 790             resp = self.addinfourl_wrapper(uncompressed, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
 791             resp.msg = old_resp.msg
 792             del resp.headers['Content-encoding']
 793         # deflate
 794         if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'deflate':
 795             gz = io.BytesIO(self.deflate(resp.read()))
 796             resp = self.addinfourl_wrapper(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
 797             resp.msg = old_resp.msg
 798             del resp.headers['Content-encoding']
 799         # Percent-encode redirect URL of Location HTTP header to satisfy RFC 3986 (see
 800         # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/6457).
 801         if 300 <= resp.code < 400:
 802             location = resp.headers.get('Location')
 803             if location:
 804                 # As of RFC 2616 default charset is iso-8859-1 that is respected by python 3
 805                 if sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
 806                     location = location.encode('iso-8859-1').decode('utf-8')
 807                 location_escaped = escape_url(location)
 808                 if location != location_escaped:
 809                     del resp.headers['Location']
 810                     resp.headers['Location'] = location_escaped
 811         return resp
 812
 813     https_request = http_request
 814     https_response = http_response
 815
 816
 817 class YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(compat_urllib_request.HTTPSHandler):
 818     def __init__(self, params, https_conn_class=None, *args, **kwargs):
 819         compat_urllib_request.HTTPSHandler.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
 820         self._https_conn_class = https_conn_class or compat_http_client.HTTPSConnection
 821         self._params = params
 822
 823     def https_open(self, req):
 824         kwargs = {}
 825         if hasattr(self, '_context'):  # python > 2.6
 826             kwargs['context'] = self._context
 827         if hasattr(self, '_check_hostname'):  # python 3.x
 828             kwargs['check_hostname'] = self._check_hostname
 829         return self.do_open(functools.partial(
 830             _create_http_connection, self, self._https_conn_class, True),
 831             req, **kwargs)
 832
 833
 834 class YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor):
 835     def __init__(self, cookiejar=None):
 836         compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor.__init__(self, cookiejar)
 837
 838     def http_response(self, request, response):
 839         # Python 2 will choke on next HTTP request in row if there are non-ASCII
 840         # characters in Set-Cookie HTTP header of last response (see
 841         # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/6769).
 842         # In order to at least prevent crashing we will percent encode Set-Cookie
 843         # header before HTTPCookieProcessor starts processing it.
 844         # if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and response.headers:
 845         #     for set_cookie_header in ('Set-Cookie', 'Set-Cookie2'):
 846         #         set_cookie = response.headers.get(set_cookie_header)
 847         #         if set_cookie:
 848         #             set_cookie_escaped = compat_urllib_parse.quote(set_cookie, b"%/;:@&=+$,!~*'()?#[] ")
 849         #             if set_cookie != set_cookie_escaped:
 850         #                 del response.headers[set_cookie_header]
 851         #                 response.headers[set_cookie_header] = set_cookie_escaped
 852         return compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor.http_response(self, request, response)
 853
 854     https_request = compat_urllib_request.HTTPCookieProcessor.http_request
 855     https_response = http_response
 856
 857
 858 def parse_iso8601(date_str, delimiter='T', timezone=None):
 859     """ Return a UNIX timestamp from the given date """
 860
 861     if date_str is None:
 862         return None
 863
 864     date_str = re.sub(r'\.[0-9]+', '', date_str)
 865
 866     if timezone is None:
 867         m = re.search(
 868             r'(?:Z$| ?(?P<sign>\+|-)(?P<hours>[0-9]{2}):?(?P<minutes>[0-9]{2})$)',
 869             date_str)
 870         if not m:
 871             timezone = datetime.timedelta()
 872         else:
 873             date_str = date_str[:-len(m.group(0))]
 874             if not m.group('sign'):
 875                 timezone = datetime.timedelta()
 876             else:
 877                 sign = 1 if m.group('sign') == '+' else -1
 878                 timezone = datetime.timedelta(
 879                     hours=sign * int(m.group('hours')),
 880                     minutes=sign * int(m.group('minutes')))
 881     try:
 882         date_format = '%Y-%m-%d{0}%H:%M:%S'.format(delimiter)
 883         dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, date_format) - timezone
 884         return calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple())
 885     except ValueError:
 886         pass
 887
 888
 889 def unified_strdate(date_str, day_first=True):
 890     """Return a string with the date in the format YYYYMMDD"""
 891
 892     if date_str is None:
 893         return None
 894     upload_date = None
 895     # Replace commas
 896     date_str = date_str.replace(',', ' ')
 897     # %z (UTC offset) is only supported in python>=3.2
 898     if not re.match(r'^[0-9]{1,2}-[0-9]{1,2}-[0-9]{4}$', date_str):
 899         date_str = re.sub(r' ?(\+|-)[0-9]{2}:?[0-9]{2}$', '', date_str)
 900     # Remove AM/PM + timezone
 901     date_str = re.sub(r'(?i)\s*(?:AM|PM)(?:\s+[A-Z]+)?', '', date_str)
 902
 903     format_expressions = [
 904         '%d %B %Y',
 905         '%d %b %Y',
 906         '%B %d %Y',
 907         '%b %d %Y',
 908         '%b %dst %Y %I:%M',
 909         '%b %dnd %Y %I:%M',
 910         '%b %dth %Y %I:%M',
 911         '%Y %m %d',
 912         '%Y-%m-%d',
 913         '%Y/%m/%d',
 914         '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',
 915         '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
 916         '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f',
 917         '%d.%m.%Y %H:%M',
 918         '%d.%m.%Y %H.%M',
 919         '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ',
 920         '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ',
 921         '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f0Z',
 922         '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S',
 923         '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f',
 924         '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M',
 925     ]
 926     if day_first:
 927         format_expressions.extend([
 928             '%d-%m-%Y',
 929             '%d.%m.%Y',
 930             '%d/%m/%Y',
 931             '%d/%m/%y',
 932             '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S',
 933         ])
 934     else:
 935         format_expressions.extend([
 936             '%m-%d-%Y',
 937             '%m.%d.%Y',
 938             '%m/%d/%Y',
 939             '%m/%d/%y',
 940             '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S',
 941         ])
 942     for expression in format_expressions:
 943         try:
 944             upload_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, expression).strftime('%Y%m%d')
 945         except ValueError:
 946             pass
 947     if upload_date is None:
 948         timetuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(date_str)
 949         if timetuple:
 950             upload_date = datetime.datetime(*timetuple[:6]).strftime('%Y%m%d')
 951     if upload_date is not None:
 952         return compat_str(upload_date)
 953
 954
 955 def determine_ext(url, default_ext='unknown_video'):
 956     if url is None:
 957         return default_ext
 958     guess = url.partition('?')[0].rpartition('.')[2]
 959     if re.match(r'^[A-Za-z0-9]+$', guess):
 960         return guess
 961     # Try extract ext from URLs like http://example.com/foo/bar.mp4/?download
 962     elif guess.rstrip('/') in KNOWN_EXTENSIONS:
 963         return guess.rstrip('/')
 964     else:
 965         return default_ext
 966
 967
 968 def subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format):
 969     return filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0] + '.' + sub_lang + '.' + sub_format
 970
 971
 972 def date_from_str(date_str):
 973     """
 974     Return a datetime object from a string in the format YYYYMMDD or
 975     (now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?"""
 976     today = datetime.date.today()
 977     if date_str in ('now', 'today'):
 978         return today
 979     if date_str == 'yesterday':
 980         return today - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
 981     match = re.match('(now|today)(?P<sign>[+-])(?P<time>\d+)(?P<unit>day|week|month|year)(s)?', date_str)
 982     if match is not None:
 983         sign = match.group('sign')
 984         time = int(match.group('time'))
 985         if sign == '-':
 986             time = -time
 987         unit = match.group('unit')
 988         # A bad approximation?
 989         if unit == 'month':
 990             unit = 'day'
 991             time *= 30
 992         elif unit == 'year':
 993             unit = 'day'
 994             time *= 365
 995         unit += 's'
 996         delta = datetime.timedelta(**{unit: time})
 997         return today + delta
 998     return datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, '%Y%m%d').date()
 999
1000
1001 def hyphenate_date(date_str):
1002     """
1003     Convert a date in 'YYYYMMDD' format to 'YYYY-MM-DD' format"""
1004     match = re.match(r'^(\d\d\d\d)(\d\d)(\d\d)$', date_str)
1005     if match is not None:
1006         return '-'.join(match.groups())
1007     else:
1008         return date_str
1009
1010
1011 class DateRange(object):
1012     """Represents a time interval between two dates"""
1013
1014     def __init__(self, start=None, end=None):
1015         """start and end must be strings in the format accepted by date"""
1016         if start is not None:
1017             self.start = date_from_str(start)
1018         else:
1019             self.start = datetime.datetime.min.date()
1020         if end is not None:
1021             self.end = date_from_str(end)
1022         else:
1023             self.end = datetime.datetime.max.date()
1024         if self.start > self.end:
1025             raise ValueError('Date range: "%s" , the start date must be before the end date' % self)
1026
1027     @classmethod
1028     def day(cls, day):
1029         """Returns a range that only contains the given day"""
1030         return cls(day, day)
1031
1032     def __contains__(self, date):
1033         """Check if the date is in the range"""
1034         if not isinstance(date, datetime.date):
1035             date = date_from_str(date)
1036         return self.start <= date <= self.end
1037
1038     def __str__(self):
1039         return '%s - %s' % (self.start.isoformat(), self.end.isoformat())
1040
1041
1042 def platform_name():
1043     """ Returns the platform name as a compat_str """
1044     res = platform.platform()
1045     if isinstance(res, bytes):
1046         res = res.decode(preferredencoding())
1047
1048     assert isinstance(res, compat_str)
1049     return res
1050
1051
1052 def _windows_write_string(s, out):
1053     """ Returns True if the string was written using special methods,
1054     False if it has yet to be written out."""
1055     # Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/3259271/35070
1056
1057     import ctypes
1058     import ctypes.wintypes
1059
1060     WIN_OUTPUT_IDS = {
1061         1: -11,
1062         2: -12,
1063     }
1064
1065     try:
1066         fileno = out.fileno()
1067     except AttributeError:
1068         # If the output stream doesn't have a fileno, it's virtual
1069         return False
1070     except io.UnsupportedOperation:
1071         # Some strange Windows pseudo files?
1072         return False
1073     if fileno not in WIN_OUTPUT_IDS:
1074         return False
1075
1076     GetStdHandle = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
1077         ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, ctypes.wintypes.DWORD)(
1078         (b'GetStdHandle', ctypes.windll.kernel32))
1079     h = GetStdHandle(WIN_OUTPUT_IDS[fileno])
1080
1081     WriteConsoleW = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
1082         ctypes.wintypes.BOOL, ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE, ctypes.wintypes.LPWSTR,
1083         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
1084         ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID)((b'WriteConsoleW', ctypes.windll.kernel32))
1085     written = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD(0)
1086
1087     GetFileType = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD, ctypes.wintypes.DWORD)((b'GetFileType', ctypes.windll.kernel32))
1088     FILE_TYPE_CHAR = 0x0002
1089     FILE_TYPE_REMOTE = 0x8000
1090     GetConsoleMode = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
1091         ctypes.wintypes.BOOL, ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE,
1092         ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD))(
1093         (b'GetConsoleMode', ctypes.windll.kernel32))
1094     INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = ctypes.wintypes.DWORD(-1).value
1095
1096     def not_a_console(handle):
1097         if handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE or handle is None:
1098             return True
1099         return ((GetFileType(handle) & ~FILE_TYPE_REMOTE) != FILE_TYPE_CHAR or
1100                 GetConsoleMode(handle, ctypes.byref(ctypes.wintypes.DWORD())) == 0)
1101
1102     if not_a_console(h):
1103         return False
1104
1105     def next_nonbmp_pos(s):
1106         try:
1107             return next(i for i, c in enumerate(s) if ord(c) > 0xffff)
1108         except StopIteration:
1109             return len(s)
1110
1111     while s:
1112         count = min(next_nonbmp_pos(s), 1024)
1113
1114         ret = WriteConsoleW(
1115             h, s, count if count else 2, ctypes.byref(written), None)
1116         if ret == 0:
1117             raise OSError('Failed to write string')
1118         if not count:  # We just wrote a non-BMP character
1119             assert written.value == 2
1120             s = s[1:]
1121         else:
1122             assert written.value > 0
1123             s = s[written.value:]
1124     return True
1125
1126
1127 def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):
1128     if out is None:
1129         out = sys.stderr
1130     assert type(s) == compat_str
1131
1132     if sys.platform == 'win32' and encoding is None and hasattr(out, 'fileno'):
1133         if _windows_write_string(s, out):
1134             return
1135
1136     if ('b' in getattr(out, 'mode', '') or
1137             sys.version_info[0] < 3):  # Python 2 lies about mode of sys.stderr
1138         byt = s.encode(encoding or preferredencoding(), 'ignore')
1139         out.write(byt)
1140     elif hasattr(out, 'buffer'):
1141         enc = encoding or getattr(out, 'encoding', None) or preferredencoding()
1142         byt = s.encode(enc, 'ignore')
1143         out.buffer.write(byt)
1144     else:
1145         out.write(s)
1146     out.flush()
1147
1148
1149 def bytes_to_intlist(bs):
1150     if not bs:
1151         return []
1152     if isinstance(bs[0], int):  # Python 3
1153         return list(bs)
1154     else:
1155         return [ord(c) for c in bs]
1156
1157
1158 def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
1159     if not xs:
1160         return b''
1161     return struct_pack('%dB' % len(xs), *xs)
1162
1163
1164 # Cross-platform file locking
1165 if sys.platform == 'win32':
1166     import ctypes.wintypes
1167     import msvcrt
1168
1169     class OVERLAPPED(ctypes.Structure):
1170         _fields_ = [
1171             ('Internal', ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID),
1172             ('InternalHigh', ctypes.wintypes.LPVOID),
1173             ('Offset', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
1174             ('OffsetHigh', ctypes.wintypes.DWORD),
1175             ('hEvent', ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE),
1176         ]
1177
1178     kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
1179     LockFileEx = kernel32.LockFileEx
1180     LockFileEx.argtypes = [
1181         ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE,     # hFile
1182         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # dwFlags
1183         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # dwReserved
1184         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # nNumberOfBytesToLockLow
1185         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh
1186         ctypes.POINTER(OVERLAPPED)  # Overlapped
1187     ]
1188     LockFileEx.restype = ctypes.wintypes.BOOL
1189     UnlockFileEx = kernel32.UnlockFileEx
1190     UnlockFileEx.argtypes = [
1191         ctypes.wintypes.HANDLE,     # hFile
1192         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # dwReserved
1193         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # nNumberOfBytesToLockLow
1194         ctypes.wintypes.DWORD,      # nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh
1195         ctypes.POINTER(OVERLAPPED)  # Overlapped
1196     ]
1197     UnlockFileEx.restype = ctypes.wintypes.BOOL
1198     whole_low = 0xffffffff
1199     whole_high = 0x7fffffff
1200
1201     def _lock_file(f, exclusive):
1202         overlapped = OVERLAPPED()
1203         overlapped.Offset = 0
1204         overlapped.OffsetHigh = 0
1205         overlapped.hEvent = 0
1206         f._lock_file_overlapped_p = ctypes.pointer(overlapped)
1207         handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno())
1208         if not LockFileEx(handle, 0x2 if exclusive else 0x0, 0,
1209                           whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):
1210             raise OSError('Locking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
1211
1212     def _unlock_file(f):
1213         assert f._lock_file_overlapped_p
1214         handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno())
1215         if not UnlockFileEx(handle, 0,
1216                             whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):
1217             raise OSError('Unlocking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
1218
1219 else:
1220     import fcntl
1221
1222     def _lock_file(f, exclusive):
1223         fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX if exclusive else fcntl.LOCK_SH)
1224
1225     def _unlock_file(f):
1226         fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
1227
1228
1229 class locked_file(object):
1230     def __init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=None):
1231         assert mode in ['r', 'a', 'w']
1232         self.f = io.open(filename, mode, encoding=encoding)
1233         self.mode = mode
1234
1235     def __enter__(self):
1236         exclusive = self.mode != 'r'
1237         try:
1238             _lock_file(self.f, exclusive)
1239         except IOError:
1240             self.f.close()
1241             raise
1242         return self
1243
1244     def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
1245         try:
1246             _unlock_file(self.f)
1247         finally:
1248             self.f.close()
1249
1250     def __iter__(self):
1251         return iter(self.f)
1252
1253     def write(self, *args):
1254         return self.f.write(*args)
1255
1256     def read(self, *args):
1257         return self.f.read(*args)
1258
1259
1260 def get_filesystem_encoding():
1261     encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
1262     return encoding if encoding is not None else 'utf-8'
1263
1264
1265 def shell_quote(args):
1266     quoted_args = []
1267     encoding = get_filesystem_encoding()
1268     for a in args:
1269         if isinstance(a, bytes):
1270             # We may get a filename encoded with 'encodeFilename'
1271             a = a.decode(encoding)
1272         quoted_args.append(pipes.quote(a))
1273     return ' '.join(quoted_args)
1274
1275
1276 def smuggle_url(url, data):
1277     """ Pass additional data in a URL for internal use. """
1278
1279     sdata = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(
1280         {'__youtubedl_smuggle': json.dumps(data)})
1281     return url + '#' + sdata
1282
1283
1284 def unsmuggle_url(smug_url, default=None):
1285     if '#__youtubedl_smuggle' not in smug_url:
1286         return smug_url, default
1287     url, _, sdata = smug_url.rpartition('#')
1288     jsond = compat_parse_qs(sdata)['__youtubedl_smuggle'][0]
1289     data = json.loads(jsond)
1290     return url, data
1291
1292
1293 def format_bytes(bytes):
1294     if bytes is None:
1295         return 'N/A'
1296     if type(bytes) is str:
1297         bytes = float(bytes)
1298     if bytes == 0.0:
1299         exponent = 0
1300     else:
1301         exponent = int(math.log(bytes, 1024.0))
1302     suffix = ['B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB', 'EiB', 'ZiB', 'YiB'][exponent]
1303     converted = float(bytes) / float(1024 ** exponent)
1304     return '%.2f%s' % (converted, suffix)
1305
1306
1307 def parse_filesize(s):
1308     if s is None:
1309         return None
1310
1311     # The lower-case forms are of course incorrect and unofficial,
1312     # but we support those too
1313     _UNIT_TABLE = {
1314         'B': 1,
1315         'b': 1,
1316         'KiB': 1024,
1317         'KB': 1000,
1318         'kB': 1024,
1319         'Kb': 1000,
1320         'MiB': 1024 ** 2,
1321         'MB': 1000 ** 2,
1322         'mB': 1024 ** 2,
1323         'Mb': 1000 ** 2,
1324         'GiB': 1024 ** 3,
1325         'GB': 1000 ** 3,
1326         'gB': 1024 ** 3,
1327         'Gb': 1000 ** 3,
1328         'TiB': 1024 ** 4,
1329         'TB': 1000 ** 4,
1330         'tB': 1024 ** 4,
1331         'Tb': 1000 ** 4,
1332         'PiB': 1024 ** 5,
1333         'PB': 1000 ** 5,
1334         'pB': 1024 ** 5,
1335         'Pb': 1000 ** 5,
1336         'EiB': 1024 ** 6,
1337         'EB': 1000 ** 6,
1338         'eB': 1024 ** 6,
1339         'Eb': 1000 ** 6,
1340         'ZiB': 1024 ** 7,
1341         'ZB': 1000 ** 7,
1342         'zB': 1024 ** 7,
1343         'Zb': 1000 ** 7,
1344         'YiB': 1024 ** 8,
1345         'YB': 1000 ** 8,
1346         'yB': 1024 ** 8,
1347         'Yb': 1000 ** 8,
1348     }
1349
1350     units_re = '|'.join(re.escape(u) for u in _UNIT_TABLE)
1351     m = re.match(
1352         r'(?P<num>[0-9]+(?:[,.][0-9]*)?)\s*(?P<unit>%s)' % units_re, s)
1353     if not m:
1354         return None
1355
1356     num_str = m.group('num').replace(',', '.')
1357     mult = _UNIT_TABLE[m.group('unit')]
1358     return int(float(num_str) * mult)
1359
1360
1361 def month_by_name(name):
1362     """ Return the number of a month by (locale-independently) English name """
1363
1364     try:
1365         return ENGLISH_MONTH_NAMES.index(name) + 1
1366     except ValueError:
1367         return None
1368
1369
1370 def month_by_abbreviation(abbrev):
1371     """ Return the number of a month by (locale-independently) English
1372         abbreviations """
1373
1374     try:
1375         return [s[:3] for s in ENGLISH_MONTH_NAMES].index(abbrev) + 1
1376     except ValueError:
1377         return None
1378
1379
1380 def fix_xml_ampersands(xml_str):
1381     """Replace all the '&' by '&amp;' in XML"""
1382     return re.sub(
1383         r'&(?!amp;|lt;|gt;|apos;|quot;|#x[0-9a-fA-F]{,4};|#[0-9]{,4};)',
1384         '&amp;',
1385         xml_str)
1386
1387
1388 def setproctitle(title):
1389     assert isinstance(title, compat_str)
1390     try:
1391         libc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary('libc.so.6')
1392     except OSError:
1393         return
1394     title_bytes = title.encode('utf-8')
1395     buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(len(title_bytes))
1396     buf.value = title_bytes
1397     try:
1398         libc.prctl(15, buf, 0, 0, 0)
1399     except AttributeError:
1400         return  # Strange libc, just skip this
1401
1402
1403 def remove_start(s, start):
1404     if s.startswith(start):
1405         return s[len(start):]
1406     return s
1407
1408
1409 def remove_end(s, end):
1410     if s.endswith(end):
1411         return s[:-len(end)]
1412     return s
1413
1414
1415 def remove_quotes(s):
1416     if s is None or len(s) < 2:
1417         return s
1418     for quote in ('"', "'", ):
1419         if s[0] == quote and s[-1] == quote:
1420             return s[1:-1]
1421     return s
1422
1423
1424 def url_basename(url):
1425     path = compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).path
1426     return path.strip('/').split('/')[-1]
1427
1428
1429 class HEADRequest(compat_urllib_request.Request):
1430     def get_method(self):
1431         return 'HEAD'
1432
1433
1434 def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1):
1435     if get_attr:
1436         if v is not None:
1437             v = getattr(v, get_attr, None)
1438     if v == '':
1439         v = None
1440     if v is None:
1441         return default
1442     try:
1443         return int(v) * invscale // scale
1444     except ValueError:
1445         return default
1446
1447
1448 def str_or_none(v, default=None):
1449     return default if v is None else compat_str(v)
1450
1451
1452 def str_to_int(int_str):
1453     """ A more relaxed version of int_or_none """
1454     if int_str is None:
1455         return None
1456     int_str = re.sub(r'[,\.\+]', '', int_str)
1457     return int(int_str)
1458
1459
1460 def float_or_none(v, scale=1, invscale=1, default=None):
1461     if v is None:
1462         return default
1463     try:
1464         return float(v) * invscale / scale
1465     except ValueError:
1466         return default
1467
1468
1469 def parse_duration(s):
1470     if not isinstance(s, compat_basestring):
1471         return None
1472
1473     s = s.strip()
1474
1475     m = re.match(
1476         r'''(?ix)(?:P?T)?
1477         (?:
1478             (?P<only_mins>[0-9.]+)\s*(?:mins?\.?|minutes?)\s*|
1479             (?P<only_hours>[0-9.]+)\s*(?:hours?)|
1480
1481             \s*(?P<hours_reversed>[0-9]+)\s*(?:[:h]|hours?)\s*(?P<mins_reversed>[0-9]+)\s*(?:[:m]|mins?\.?|minutes?)\s*|
1482             (?:
1483                 (?:
1484                     (?:(?P<days>[0-9]+)\s*(?:[:d]|days?)\s*)?
1485                     (?P<hours>[0-9]+)\s*(?:[:h]|hours?)\s*
1486                 )?
1487                 (?P<mins>[0-9]+)\s*(?:[:m]|mins?|minutes?)\s*
1488             )?
1489             (?P<secs>[0-9]+)(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?\s*(?:s|secs?|seconds?)?
1490         )$''', s)
1491     if not m:
1492         return None
1493     res = 0
1494     if m.group('only_mins'):
1495         return float_or_none(m.group('only_mins'), invscale=60)
1496     if m.group('only_hours'):
1497         return float_or_none(m.group('only_hours'), invscale=60 * 60)
1498     if m.group('secs'):
1499         res += int(m.group('secs'))
1500     if m.group('mins_reversed'):
1501         res += int(m.group('mins_reversed')) * 60
1502     if m.group('mins'):
1503         res += int(m.group('mins')) * 60
1504     if m.group('hours'):
1505         res += int(m.group('hours')) * 60 * 60
1506     if m.group('hours_reversed'):
1507         res += int(m.group('hours_reversed')) * 60 * 60
1508     if m.group('days'):
1509         res += int(m.group('days')) * 24 * 60 * 60
1510     if m.group('ms'):
1511         res += float(m.group('ms'))
1512     return res
1513
1514
1515 def prepend_extension(filename, ext, expected_real_ext=None):
1516     name, real_ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
1517     return (
1518         '{0}.{1}{2}'.format(name, ext, real_ext)
1519         if not expected_real_ext or real_ext[1:] == expected_real_ext
1520         else '{0}.{1}'.format(filename, ext))
1521
1522
1523 def replace_extension(filename, ext, expected_real_ext=None):
1524     name, real_ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
1525     return '{0}.{1}'.format(
1526         name if not expected_real_ext or real_ext[1:] == expected_real_ext else filename,
1527         ext)
1528
1529
1530 def check_executable(exe, args=[]):
1531     """ Checks if the given binary is installed somewhere in PATH, and returns its name.
1532     args can be a list of arguments for a short output (like -version) """
1533     try:
1534         subprocess.Popen([exe] + args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
1535     except OSError:
1536         return False
1537     return exe
1538
1539
1540 def get_exe_version(exe, args=['--version'],
1541                     version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):
1542     """ Returns the version of the specified executable,
1543     or False if the executable is not present """
1544     try:
1545         out, _ = subprocess.Popen(
1546             [encodeArgument(exe)] + args,
1547             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).communicate()
1548     except OSError:
1549         return False
1550     if isinstance(out, bytes):  # Python 2.x
1551         out = out.decode('ascii', 'ignore')
1552     return detect_exe_version(out, version_re, unrecognized)
1553
1554
1555 def detect_exe_version(output, version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):
1556     assert isinstance(output, compat_str)
1557     if version_re is None:
1558         version_re = r'version\s+([-0-9._a-zA-Z]+)'
1559     m = re.search(version_re, output)
1560     if m:
1561         return m.group(1)
1562     else:
1563         return unrecognized
1564
1565
1566 class PagedList(object):
1567     def __len__(self):
1568         # This is only useful for tests
1569         return len(self.getslice())
1570
1571
1572 class OnDemandPagedList(PagedList):
1573     def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagesize, use_cache=False):
1574         self._pagefunc = pagefunc
1575         self._pagesize = pagesize
1576         self._use_cache = use_cache
1577         if use_cache:
1578             self._cache = {}
1579
1580     def getslice(self, start=0, end=None):
1581         res = []
1582         for pagenum in itertools.count(start // self._pagesize):
1583             firstid = pagenum * self._pagesize
1584             nextfirstid = pagenum * self._pagesize + self._pagesize
1585             if start >= nextfirstid:
1586                 continue
1587
1588             page_results = None
1589             if self._use_cache:
1590                 page_results = self._cache.get(pagenum)
1591             if page_results is None:
1592                 page_results = list(self._pagefunc(pagenum))
1593             if self._use_cache:
1594                 self._cache[pagenum] = page_results
1595
1596             startv = (
1597                 start % self._pagesize
1598                 if firstid <= start < nextfirstid
1599                 else 0)
1600
1601             endv = (
1602                 ((end - 1) % self._pagesize) + 1
1603                 if (end is not None and firstid <= end <= nextfirstid)
1604                 else None)
1605
1606             if startv != 0 or endv is not None:
1607                 page_results = page_results[startv:endv]
1608             res.extend(page_results)
1609
1610             # A little optimization - if current page is not "full", ie. does
1611             # not contain page_size videos then we can assume that this page
1612             # is the last one - there are no more ids on further pages -
1613             # i.e. no need to query again.
1614             if len(page_results) + startv < self._pagesize:
1615                 break
1616
1617             # If we got the whole page, but the next page is not interesting,
1618             # break out early as well
1619             if end == nextfirstid:
1620                 break
1621         return res
1622
1623
1624 class InAdvancePagedList(PagedList):
1625     def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagecount, pagesize):
1626         self._pagefunc = pagefunc
1627         self._pagecount = pagecount
1628         self._pagesize = pagesize
1629
1630     def getslice(self, start=0, end=None):
1631         res = []
1632         start_page = start // self._pagesize
1633         end_page = (
1634             self._pagecount if end is None else (end // self._pagesize + 1))
1635         skip_elems = start - start_page * self._pagesize
1636         only_more = None if end is None else end - start
1637         for pagenum in range(start_page, end_page):
1638             page = list(self._pagefunc(pagenum))
1639             if skip_elems:
1640                 page = page[skip_elems:]
1641                 skip_elems = None
1642             if only_more is not None:
1643                 if len(page) < only_more:
1644                     only_more -= len(page)
1645                 else:
1646                     page = page[:only_more]
1647                     res.extend(page)
1648                     break
1649             res.extend(page)
1650         return res
1651
1652
1653 def uppercase_escape(s):
1654     unicode_escape = codecs.getdecoder('unicode_escape')
1655     return re.sub(
1656         r'\\U[0-9a-fA-F]{8}',
1657         lambda m: unicode_escape(m.group(0))[0],
1658         s)
1659
1660
1661 def lowercase_escape(s):
1662     unicode_escape = codecs.getdecoder('unicode_escape')
1663     return re.sub(
1664         r'\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4}',
1665         lambda m: unicode_escape(m.group(0))[0],
1666         s)
1667
1668
1669 def escape_rfc3986(s):
1670     """Escape non-ASCII characters as suggested by RFC 3986"""
1671     if sys.version_info < (3, 0) and isinstance(s, compat_str):
1672         s = s.encode('utf-8')
1673     return compat_urllib_parse.quote(s, b"%/;:@&=+$,!~*'()?#[]")
1674
1675
1676 def escape_url(url):
1677     """Escape URL as suggested by RFC 3986"""
1678     url_parsed = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
1679     return url_parsed._replace(
1680         path=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.path),
1681         params=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.params),
1682         query=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.query),
1683         fragment=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.fragment)
1684     ).geturl()
1685
1686 try:
1687     struct.pack('!I', 0)
1688 except TypeError:
1689     # In Python 2.6 (and some 2.7 versions), struct requires a bytes argument
1690     def struct_pack(spec, *args):
1691         if isinstance(spec, compat_str):
1692             spec = spec.encode('ascii')
1693         return struct.pack(spec, *args)
1694
1695     def struct_unpack(spec, *args):
1696         if isinstance(spec, compat_str):
1697             spec = spec.encode('ascii')
1698         return struct.unpack(spec, *args)
1699 else:
1700     struct_pack = struct.pack
1701     struct_unpack = struct.unpack
1702
1703
1704 def read_batch_urls(batch_fd):
1705     def fixup(url):
1706         if not isinstance(url, compat_str):
1707             url = url.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
1708         BOM_UTF8 = '\xef\xbb\xbf'
1709         if url.startswith(BOM_UTF8):
1710             url = url[len(BOM_UTF8):]
1711         url = url.strip()
1712         if url.startswith(('#', ';', ']')):
1713             return False
1714         return url
1715
1716     with contextlib.closing(batch_fd) as fd:
1717         return [url for url in map(fixup, fd) if url]
1718
1719
1720 def urlencode_postdata(*args, **kargs):
1721     return compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(*args, **kargs).encode('ascii')
1722
1723
1724 def encode_dict(d, encoding='utf-8'):
1725     def encode(v):
1726         return v.encode(encoding) if isinstance(v, compat_basestring) else v
1727     return dict((encode(k), encode(v)) for k, v in d.items())
1728
1729
1730 def dict_get(d, key_or_keys, default=None, skip_false_values=True):
1731     if isinstance(key_or_keys, (list, tuple)):
1732         for key in key_or_keys:
1733             if key not in d or d[key] is None or skip_false_values and not d[key]:
1734                 continue
1735             return d[key]
1736         return default
1737     return d.get(key_or_keys, default)
1738
1739
1740 def encode_compat_str(string, encoding=preferredencoding(), errors='strict'):
1741     return string if isinstance(string, compat_str) else compat_str(string, encoding, errors)
1742
1743
1744 US_RATINGS = {
1745     'G': 0,
1746     'PG': 10,
1747     'PG-13': 13,
1748     'R': 16,
1749     'NC': 18,
1750 }
1751
1752
1753 def parse_age_limit(s):
1754     if s is None:
1755         return None
1756     m = re.match(r'^(?P<age>\d{1,2})\+?$', s)
1757     return int(m.group('age')) if m else US_RATINGS.get(s)
1758
1759
1760 def strip_jsonp(code):
1761     return re.sub(
1762         r'(?s)^[a-zA-Z0-9_.]+\s*\(\s*(.*)\);?\s*?(?://[^\n]*)*$', r'\1', code)
1763
1764
1765 def js_to_json(code):
1766     def fix_kv(m):
1767         v = m.group(0)
1768         if v in ('true', 'false', 'null'):
1769             return v
1770         if v.startswith('"'):
1771             v = re.sub(r"\\'", "'", v[1:-1])
1772         elif v.startswith("'"):
1773             v = v[1:-1]
1774             v = re.sub(r"\\\\|\\'|\"", lambda m: {
1775                 '\\\\': '\\\\',
1776                 "\\'": "'",
1777                 '"': '\\"',
1778             }[m.group(0)], v)
1779         return '"%s"' % v
1780
1781     res = re.sub(r'''(?x)
1782         "(?:[^"\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nu]))*[^"\\]*"|
1783         '(?:[^'\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nu]))*[^'\\]*'|
1784         [a-zA-Z_][.a-zA-Z_0-9]*
1785         ''', fix_kv, code)
1786     res = re.sub(r',(\s*[\]}])', lambda m: m.group(1), res)
1787     return res
1788
1789
1790 def qualities(quality_ids):
1791     """ Get a numeric quality value out of a list of possible values """
1792     def q(qid):
1793         try:
1794             return quality_ids.index(qid)
1795         except ValueError:
1796             return -1
1797     return q
1798
1799
1800 DEFAULT_OUTTMPL = '%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s'
1801
1802
1803 def limit_length(s, length):
1804     """ Add ellipses to overly long strings """
1805     if s is None:
1806         return None
1807     ELLIPSES = '...'
1808     if len(s) > length:
1809         return s[:length - len(ELLIPSES)] + ELLIPSES
1810     return s
1811
1812
1813 def version_tuple(v):
1814     return tuple(int(e) for e in re.split(r'[-.]', v))
1815
1816
1817 def is_outdated_version(version, limit, assume_new=True):
1818     if not version:
1819         return not assume_new
1820     try:
1821         return version_tuple(version) < version_tuple(limit)
1822     except ValueError:
1823         return not assume_new
1824
1825
1826 def ytdl_is_updateable():
1827     """ Returns if youtube-dl can be updated with -U """
1828     from zipimport import zipimporter
1829
1830     return isinstance(globals().get('__loader__'), zipimporter) or hasattr(sys, 'frozen')
1831
1832
1833 def args_to_str(args):
1834     # Get a short string representation for a subprocess command
1835     return ' '.join(shlex_quote(a) for a in args)
1836
1837
1838 def error_to_compat_str(err):
1839     err_str = str(err)
1840     # On python 2 error byte string must be decoded with proper
1841     # encoding rather than ascii
1842     if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
1843         err_str = err_str.decode(preferredencoding())
1844     return err_str
1845
1846
1847 def mimetype2ext(mt):
1848     ext = {
1849         'audio/mp4': 'm4a',
1850     }.get(mt)
1851     if ext is not None:
1852         return ext
1853
1854     _, _, res = mt.rpartition('/')
1855
1856     return {
1857         '3gpp': '3gp',
1858         'smptett+xml': 'tt',
1859         'srt': 'srt',
1860         'ttaf+xml': 'dfxp',
1861         'ttml+xml': 'ttml',
1862         'vtt': 'vtt',
1863         'x-flv': 'flv',
1864         'x-mp4-fragmented': 'mp4',
1865         'x-ms-wmv': 'wmv',
1866     }.get(res, res)
1867
1868
1869 def urlhandle_detect_ext(url_handle):
1870     try:
1871         url_handle.headers
1872         getheader = lambda h: url_handle.headers[h]
1873     except AttributeError:  # Python < 3
1874         getheader = url_handle.info().getheader
1875
1876     cd = getheader('Content-Disposition')
1877     if cd:
1878         m = re.match(r'attachment;\s*filename="(?P<filename>[^"]+)"', cd)
1879         if m:
1880             e = determine_ext(m.group('filename'), default_ext=None)
1881             if e:
1882                 return e
1883
1884     return mimetype2ext(getheader('Content-Type'))
1885
1886
1887 def encode_data_uri(data, mime_type):
1888     return 'data:%s;base64,%s' % (mime_type, base64.b64encode(data).decode('ascii'))
1889
1890
1891 def age_restricted(content_limit, age_limit):
1892     """ Returns True iff the content should be blocked """
1893
1894     if age_limit is None:  # No limit set
1895         return False
1896     if content_limit is None:
1897         return False  # Content available for everyone
1898     return age_limit < content_limit
1899
1900
1901 def is_html(first_bytes):
1902     """ Detect whether a file contains HTML by examining its first bytes. """
1903
1904     BOMS = [
1905         (b'\xef\xbb\xbf', 'utf-8'),
1906         (b'\x00\x00\xfe\xff', 'utf-32-be'),
1907         (b'\xff\xfe\x00\x00', 'utf-32-le'),
1908         (b'\xff\xfe', 'utf-16-le'),
1909         (b'\xfe\xff', 'utf-16-be'),
1910     ]
1911     for bom, enc in BOMS:
1912         if first_bytes.startswith(bom):
1913             s = first_bytes[len(bom):].decode(enc, 'replace')
1914             break
1915     else:
1916         s = first_bytes.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
1917
1918     return re.match(r'^\s*<', s)
1919
1920
1921 def determine_protocol(info_dict):
1922     protocol = info_dict.get('protocol')
1923     if protocol is not None:
1924         return protocol
1925
1926     url = info_dict['url']
1927     if url.startswith('rtmp'):
1928         return 'rtmp'
1929     elif url.startswith('mms'):
1930         return 'mms'
1931     elif url.startswith('rtsp'):
1932         return 'rtsp'
1933
1934     ext = determine_ext(url)
1935     if ext == 'm3u8':
1936         return 'm3u8'
1937     elif ext == 'f4m':
1938         return 'f4m'
1939
1940     return compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).scheme
1941
1942
1943 def render_table(header_row, data):
1944     """ Render a list of rows, each as a list of values """
1945     table = [header_row] + data
1946     max_lens = [max(len(compat_str(v)) for v in col) for col in zip(*table)]
1947     format_str = ' '.join('%-' + compat_str(ml + 1) + 's' for ml in max_lens[:-1]) + '%s'
1948     return '\n'.join(format_str % tuple(row) for row in table)
1949
1950
1951 def _match_one(filter_part, dct):
1952     COMPARISON_OPERATORS = {
1953         '<': operator.lt,
1954         '<=': operator.le,
1955         '>': operator.gt,
1956         '>=': operator.ge,
1957         '=': operator.eq,
1958         '!=': operator.ne,
1959     }
1960     operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
1961         (?P<key>[a-z_]+)
1962         \s*(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
1963         (?:
1964             (?P<intval>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)|
1965             (?P<strval>(?![0-9.])[a-z0-9A-Z]*)
1966         )
1967         \s*$
1968         ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, COMPARISON_OPERATORS.keys())))
1969     m = operator_rex.search(filter_part)
1970     if m:
1971         op = COMPARISON_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
1972         if m.group('strval') is not None:
1973             if m.group('op') not in ('=', '!='):
1974                 raise ValueError(
1975                     'Operator %s does not support string values!' % m.group('op'))
1976             comparison_value = m.group('strval')
1977         else:
1978             try:
1979                 comparison_value = int(m.group('intval'))
1980             except ValueError:
1981                 comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('intval'))
1982                 if comparison_value is None:
1983                     comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('intval') + 'B')
1984                 if comparison_value is None:
1985                     raise ValueError(
1986                         'Invalid integer value %r in filter part %r' % (
1987                             m.group('intval'), filter_part))
1988         actual_value = dct.get(m.group('key'))
1989         if actual_value is None:
1990             return m.group('none_inclusive')
1991         return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
1992
1993     UNARY_OPERATORS = {
1994         '': lambda v: v is not None,
1995         '!': lambda v: v is None,
1996     }
1997     operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
1998         (?P<op>%s)\s*(?P<key>[a-z_]+)
1999         \s*$
2000         ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, UNARY_OPERATORS.keys())))
2001     m = operator_rex.search(filter_part)
2002     if m:
2003         op = UNARY_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
2004         actual_value = dct.get(m.group('key'))
2005         return op(actual_value)
2006
2007     raise ValueError('Invalid filter part %r' % filter_part)
2008
2009
2010 def match_str(filter_str, dct):
2011     """ Filter a dictionary with a simple string syntax. Returns True (=passes filter) or false """
2012
2013     return all(
2014         _match_one(filter_part, dct) for filter_part in filter_str.split('&'))
2015
2016
2017 def match_filter_func(filter_str):
2018     def _match_func(info_dict):
2019         if match_str(filter_str, info_dict):
2020             return None
2021         else:
2022             video_title = info_dict.get('title', info_dict.get('id', 'video'))
2023             return '%s does not pass filter %s, skipping ..' % (video_title, filter_str)
2024     return _match_func
2025
2026
2027 def parse_dfxp_time_expr(time_expr):
2028     if not time_expr:
2029         return
2030
2031     mobj = re.match(r'^(?P<time_offset>\d+(?:\.\d+)?)s?$', time_expr)
2032     if mobj:
2033         return float(mobj.group('time_offset'))
2034
2035     mobj = re.match(r'^(\d+):(\d\d):(\d\d(?:(?:\.|:)\d+)?)$', time_expr)
2036     if mobj:
2037         return 3600 * int(mobj.group(1)) + 60 * int(mobj.group(2)) + float(mobj.group(3).replace(':', '.'))
2038
2039
2040 def srt_subtitles_timecode(seconds):
2041     return '%02d:%02d:%02d,%03d' % (seconds / 3600, (seconds % 3600) / 60, seconds % 60, (seconds % 1) * 1000)
2042
2043
2044 def dfxp2srt(dfxp_data):
2045     _x = functools.partial(xpath_with_ns, ns_map={
2046         'ttml': 'http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml',
2047         'ttaf1': 'http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1',
2048     })
2049
2050     class TTMLPElementParser(object):
2051         out = ''
2052
2053         def start(self, tag, attrib):
2054             if tag in (_x('ttml:br'), _x('ttaf1:br'), 'br'):
2055                 self.out += '\n'
2056
2057         def end(self, tag):
2058             pass
2059
2060         def data(self, data):
2061             self.out += data
2062
2063         def close(self):
2064             return self.out.strip()
2065
2066     def parse_node(node):
2067         target = TTMLPElementParser()
2068         parser = xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser(target=target)
2069         parser.feed(xml.etree.ElementTree.tostring(node))
2070         return parser.close()
2071
2072     dfxp = compat_etree_fromstring(dfxp_data.encode('utf-8'))
2073     out = []
2074     paras = dfxp.findall(_x('.//ttml:p')) or dfxp.findall(_x('.//ttaf1:p')) or dfxp.findall('.//p')
2075
2076     if not paras:
2077         raise ValueError('Invalid dfxp/TTML subtitle')
2078
2079     for para, index in zip(paras, itertools.count(1)):
2080         begin_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('begin'))
2081         end_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('end'))
2082         dur = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('dur'))
2083         if begin_time is None:
2084             continue
2085         if not end_time:
2086             if not dur:
2087                 continue
2088             end_time = begin_time + dur
2089         out.append('%d\n%s --> %s\n%s\n\n' % (
2090             index,
2091             srt_subtitles_timecode(begin_time),
2092             srt_subtitles_timecode(end_time),
2093             parse_node(para)))
2094
2095     return ''.join(out)
2096
2097
2098 def cli_option(params, command_option, param):
2099     param = params.get(param)
2100     return [command_option, param] if param is not None else []
2101
2102
2103 def cli_bool_option(params, command_option, param, true_value='true', false_value='false', separator=None):
2104     param = params.get(param)
2105     assert isinstance(param, bool)
2106     if separator:
2107         return [command_option + separator + (true_value if param else false_value)]
2108     return [command_option, true_value if param else false_value]
2109
2110
2111 def cli_valueless_option(params, command_option, param, expected_value=True):
2112     param = params.get(param)
2113     return [command_option] if param == expected_value else []
2114
2115
2116 def cli_configuration_args(params, param, default=[]):
2117     ex_args = params.get(param)
2118     if ex_args is None:
2119         return default
2120     assert isinstance(ex_args, list)
2121     return ex_args
2122
2123
2124 class ISO639Utils(object):
2125     # See http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/ISO-639-2_utf-8.txt
2126     _lang_map = {
2127         'aa': 'aar',
2128         'ab': 'abk',
2129         'ae': 'ave',
2130         'af': 'afr',
2131         'ak': 'aka',
2132         'am': 'amh',
2133         'an': 'arg',
2134         'ar': 'ara',
2135         'as': 'asm',
2136         'av': 'ava',
2137         'ay': 'aym',
2138         'az': 'aze',
2139         'ba': 'bak',
2140         'be': 'bel',
2141         'bg': 'bul',
2142         'bh': 'bih',
2143         'bi': 'bis',
2144         'bm': 'bam',
2145         'bn': 'ben',
2146         'bo': 'bod',
2147         'br': 'bre',
2148         'bs': 'bos',
2149         'ca': 'cat',
2150         'ce': 'che',
2151         'ch': 'cha',
2152         'co': 'cos',
2153         'cr': 'cre',
2154         'cs': 'ces',
2155         'cu': 'chu',
2156         'cv': 'chv',
2157         'cy': 'cym',
2158         'da': 'dan',
2159         'de': 'deu',
2160         'dv': 'div',
2161         'dz': 'dzo',
2162         'ee': 'ewe',
2163         'el': 'ell',
2164         'en': 'eng',
2165         'eo': 'epo',
2166         'es': 'spa',
2167         'et': 'est',
2168         'eu': 'eus',
2169         'fa': 'fas',
2170         'ff': 'ful',
2171         'fi': 'fin',
2172         'fj': 'fij',
2173         'fo': 'fao',
2174         'fr': 'fra',
2175         'fy': 'fry',
2176         'ga': 'gle',
2177         'gd': 'gla',
2178         'gl': 'glg',
2179         'gn': 'grn',
2180         'gu': 'guj',
2181         'gv': 'glv',
2182         'ha': 'hau',
2183         'he': 'heb',
2184         'hi': 'hin',
2185         'ho': 'hmo',
2186         'hr': 'hrv',
2187         'ht': 'hat',
2188         'hu': 'hun',
2189         'hy': 'hye',
2190         'hz': 'her',
2191         'ia': 'ina',
2192         'id': 'ind',
2193         'ie': 'ile',
2194         'ig': 'ibo',
2195         'ii': 'iii',
2196         'ik': 'ipk',
2197         'io': 'ido',
2198         'is': 'isl',
2199         'it': 'ita',
2200         'iu': 'iku',
2201         'ja': 'jpn',
2202         'jv': 'jav',
2203         'ka': 'kat',
2204         'kg': 'kon',
2205         'ki': 'kik',
2206         'kj': 'kua',
2207         'kk': 'kaz',
2208         'kl': 'kal',
2209         'km': 'khm',
2210         'kn': 'kan',
2211         'ko': 'kor',
2212         'kr': 'kau',
2213         'ks': 'kas',
2214         'ku': 'kur',
2215         'kv': 'kom',
2216         'kw': 'cor',
2217         'ky': 'kir',
2218         'la': 'lat',
2219         'lb': 'ltz',
2220         'lg': 'lug',
2221         'li': 'lim',
2222         'ln': 'lin',
2223         'lo': 'lao',
2224         'lt': 'lit',
2225         'lu': 'lub',
2226         'lv': 'lav',
2227         'mg': 'mlg',
2228         'mh': 'mah',
2229         'mi': 'mri',
2230         'mk': 'mkd',
2231         'ml': 'mal',
2232         'mn': 'mon',
2233         'mr': 'mar',
2234         'ms': 'msa',
2235         'mt': 'mlt',
2236         'my': 'mya',
2237         'na': 'nau',
2238         'nb': 'nob',
2239         'nd': 'nde',
2240         'ne': 'nep',
2241         'ng': 'ndo',
2242         'nl': 'nld',
2243         'nn': 'nno',
2244         'no': 'nor',
2245         'nr': 'nbl',
2246         'nv': 'nav',
2247         'ny': 'nya',
2248         'oc': 'oci',
2249         'oj': 'oji',
2250         'om': 'orm',
2251         'or': 'ori',
2252         'os': 'oss',
2253         'pa': 'pan',
2254         'pi': 'pli',
2255         'pl': 'pol',
2256         'ps': 'pus',
2257         'pt': 'por',
2258         'qu': 'que',
2259         'rm': 'roh',
2260         'rn': 'run',
2261         'ro': 'ron',
2262         'ru': 'rus',
2263         'rw': 'kin',
2264         'sa': 'san',
2265         'sc': 'srd',
2266         'sd': 'snd',
2267         'se': 'sme',
2268         'sg': 'sag',
2269         'si': 'sin',
2270         'sk': 'slk',
2271         'sl': 'slv',
2272         'sm': 'smo',
2273         'sn': 'sna',
2274         'so': 'som',
2275         'sq': 'sqi',
2276         'sr': 'srp',
2277         'ss': 'ssw',
2278         'st': 'sot',
2279         'su': 'sun',
2280         'sv': 'swe',
2281         'sw': 'swa',
2282         'ta': 'tam',
2283         'te': 'tel',
2284         'tg': 'tgk',
2285         'th': 'tha',
2286         'ti': 'tir',
2287         'tk': 'tuk',
2288         'tl': 'tgl',
2289         'tn': 'tsn',
2290         'to': 'ton',
2291         'tr': 'tur',
2292         'ts': 'tso',
2293         'tt': 'tat',
2294         'tw': 'twi',
2295         'ty': 'tah',
2296         'ug': 'uig',
2297         'uk': 'ukr',
2298         'ur': 'urd',
2299         'uz': 'uzb',
2300         've': 'ven',
2301         'vi': 'vie',
2302         'vo': 'vol',
2303         'wa': 'wln',
2304         'wo': 'wol',
2305         'xh': 'xho',
2306         'yi': 'yid',
2307         'yo': 'yor',
2308         'za': 'zha',
2309         'zh': 'zho',
2310         'zu': 'zul',
2311     }
2312
2313     @classmethod
2314     def short2long(cls, code):
2315         """Convert language code from ISO 639-1 to ISO 639-2/T"""
2316         return cls._lang_map.get(code[:2])
2317
2318     @classmethod
2319     def long2short(cls, code):
2320         """Convert language code from ISO 639-2/T to ISO 639-1"""
2321         for short_name, long_name in cls._lang_map.items():
2322             if long_name == code:
2323                 return short_name
2324
2325
2326 class ISO3166Utils(object):
2327     # From http://data.okfn.org/data/core/country-list
2328     _country_map = {
2329         'AF': 'Afghanistan',
2330         'AX': 'Åland Islands',
2331         'AL': 'Albania',
2332         'DZ': 'Algeria',
2333         'AS': 'American Samoa',
2334         'AD': 'Andorra',
2335         'AO': 'Angola',
2336         'AI': 'Anguilla',
2337         'AQ': 'Antarctica',
2338         'AG': 'Antigua and Barbuda',
2339         'AR': 'Argentina',
2340         'AM': 'Armenia',
2341         'AW': 'Aruba',
2342         'AU': 'Australia',
2343         'AT': 'Austria',
2344         'AZ': 'Azerbaijan',
2345         'BS': 'Bahamas',
2346         'BH': 'Bahrain',
2347         'BD': 'Bangladesh',
2348         'BB': 'Barbados',
2349         'BY': 'Belarus',
2350         'BE': 'Belgium',
2351         'BZ': 'Belize',
2352         'BJ': 'Benin',
2353         'BM': 'Bermuda',
2354         'BT': 'Bhutan',
2355         'BO': 'Bolivia, Plurinational State of',
2356         'BQ': 'Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba',
2357         'BA': 'Bosnia and Herzegovina',
2358         'BW': 'Botswana',
2359         'BV': 'Bouvet Island',
2360         'BR': 'Brazil',
2361         'IO': 'British Indian Ocean Territory',
2362         'BN': 'Brunei Darussalam',
2363         'BG': 'Bulgaria',
2364         'BF': 'Burkina Faso',
2365         'BI': 'Burundi',
2366         'KH': 'Cambodia',
2367         'CM': 'Cameroon',
2368         'CA': 'Canada',
2369         'CV': 'Cape Verde',
2370         'KY': 'Cayman Islands',
2371         'CF': 'Central African Republic',
2372         'TD': 'Chad',
2373         'CL': 'Chile',
2374         'CN': 'China',
2375         'CX': 'Christmas Island',
2376         'CC': 'Cocos (Keeling) Islands',
2377         'CO': 'Colombia',
2378         'KM': 'Comoros',
2379         'CG': 'Congo',
2380         'CD': 'Congo, the Democratic Republic of the',
2381         'CK': 'Cook Islands',
2382         'CR': 'Costa Rica',
2383         'CI': 'Côte d\'Ivoire',
2384         'HR': 'Croatia',
2385         'CU': 'Cuba',
2386         'CW': 'Curaçao',
2387         'CY': 'Cyprus',
2388         'CZ': 'Czech Republic',
2389         'DK': 'Denmark',
2390         'DJ': 'Djibouti',
2391         'DM': 'Dominica',
2392         'DO': 'Dominican Republic',
2393         'EC': 'Ecuador',
2394         'EG': 'Egypt',
2395         'SV': 'El Salvador',
2396         'GQ': 'Equatorial Guinea',
2397         'ER': 'Eritrea',
2398         'EE': 'Estonia',
2399         'ET': 'Ethiopia',
2400         'FK': 'Falkland Islands (Malvinas)',
2401         'FO': 'Faroe Islands',
2402         'FJ': 'Fiji',
2403         'FI': 'Finland',
2404         'FR': 'France',
2405         'GF': 'French Guiana',
2406         'PF': 'French Polynesia',
2407         'TF': 'French Southern Territories',
2408         'GA': 'Gabon',
2409         'GM': 'Gambia',
2410         'GE': 'Georgia',
2411         'DE': 'Germany',
2412         'GH': 'Ghana',
2413         'GI': 'Gibraltar',
2414         'GR': 'Greece',
2415         'GL': 'Greenland',
2416         'GD': 'Grenada',
2417         'GP': 'Guadeloupe',
2418         'GU': 'Guam',
2419         'GT': 'Guatemala',
2420         'GG': 'Guernsey',
2421         'GN': 'Guinea',
2422         'GW': 'Guinea-Bissau',
2423         'GY': 'Guyana',
2424         'HT': 'Haiti',
2425         'HM': 'Heard Island and McDonald Islands',
2426         'VA': 'Holy See (Vatican City State)',
2427         'HN': 'Honduras',
2428         'HK': 'Hong Kong',
2429         'HU': 'Hungary',
2430         'IS': 'Iceland',
2431         'IN': 'India',
2432         'ID': 'Indonesia',
2433         'IR': 'Iran, Islamic Republic of',
2434         'IQ': 'Iraq',
2435         'IE': 'Ireland',
2436         'IM': 'Isle of Man',
2437         'IL': 'Israel',
2438         'IT': 'Italy',
2439         'JM': 'Jamaica',
2440         'JP': 'Japan',
2441         'JE': 'Jersey',
2442         'JO': 'Jordan',
2443         'KZ': 'Kazakhstan',
2444         'KE': 'Kenya',
2445         'KI': 'Kiribati',
2446         'KP': 'Korea, Democratic People\'s Republic of',
2447         'KR': 'Korea, Republic of',
2448         'KW': 'Kuwait',
2449         'KG': 'Kyrgyzstan',
2450         'LA': 'Lao People\'s Democratic Republic',
2451         'LV': 'Latvia',
2452         'LB': 'Lebanon',
2453         'LS': 'Lesotho',
2454         'LR': 'Liberia',
2455         'LY': 'Libya',
2456         'LI': 'Liechtenstein',
2457         'LT': 'Lithuania',
2458         'LU': 'Luxembourg',
2459         'MO': 'Macao',
2460         'MK': 'Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of',
2461         'MG': 'Madagascar',
2462         'MW': 'Malawi',
2463         'MY': 'Malaysia',
2464         'MV': 'Maldives',
2465         'ML': 'Mali',
2466         'MT': 'Malta',
2467         'MH': 'Marshall Islands',
2468         'MQ': 'Martinique',
2469         'MR': 'Mauritania',
2470         'MU': 'Mauritius',
2471         'YT': 'Mayotte',
2472         'MX': 'Mexico',
2473         'FM': 'Micronesia, Federated States of',
2474         'MD': 'Moldova, Republic of',
2475         'MC': 'Monaco',
2476         'MN': 'Mongolia',
2477         'ME': 'Montenegro',
2478         'MS': 'Montserrat',
2479         'MA': 'Morocco',
2480         'MZ': 'Mozambique',
2481         'MM': 'Myanmar',
2482         'NA': 'Namibia',
2483         'NR': 'Nauru',
2484         'NP': 'Nepal',
2485         'NL': 'Netherlands',
2486         'NC': 'New Caledonia',
2487         'NZ': 'New Zealand',
2488         'NI': 'Nicaragua',
2489         'NE': 'Niger',
2490         'NG': 'Nigeria',
2491         'NU': 'Niue',
2492         'NF': 'Norfolk Island',
2493         'MP': 'Northern Mariana Islands',
2494         'NO': 'Norway',
2495         'OM': 'Oman',
2496         'PK': 'Pakistan',
2497         'PW': 'Palau',
2498         'PS': 'Palestine, State of',
2499         'PA': 'Panama',
2500         'PG': 'Papua New Guinea',
2501         'PY': 'Paraguay',
2502         'PE': 'Peru',
2503         'PH': 'Philippines',
2504         'PN': 'Pitcairn',
2505         'PL': 'Poland',
2506         'PT': 'Portugal',
2507         'PR': 'Puerto Rico',
2508         'QA': 'Qatar',
2509         'RE': 'Réunion',
2510         'RO': 'Romania',
2511         'RU': 'Russian Federation',
2512         'RW': 'Rwanda',
2513         'BL': 'Saint Barthélemy',
2514         'SH': 'Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha',
2515         'KN': 'Saint Kitts and Nevis',
2516         'LC': 'Saint Lucia',
2517         'MF': 'Saint Martin (French part)',
2518         'PM': 'Saint Pierre and Miquelon',
2519         'VC': 'Saint Vincent and the Grenadines',
2520         'WS': 'Samoa',
2521         'SM': 'San Marino',
2522         'ST': 'Sao Tome and Principe',
2523         'SA': 'Saudi Arabia',
2524         'SN': 'Senegal',
2525         'RS': 'Serbia',
2526         'SC': 'Seychelles',
2527         'SL': 'Sierra Leone',
2528         'SG': 'Singapore',
2529         'SX': 'Sint Maarten (Dutch part)',
2530         'SK': 'Slovakia',
2531         'SI': 'Slovenia',
2532         'SB': 'Solomon Islands',
2533         'SO': 'Somalia',
2534         'ZA': 'South Africa',
2535         'GS': 'South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands',
2536         'SS': 'South Sudan',
2537         'ES': 'Spain',
2538         'LK': 'Sri Lanka',
2539         'SD': 'Sudan',
2540         'SR': 'Suriname',
2541         'SJ': 'Svalbard and Jan Mayen',
2542         'SZ': 'Swaziland',
2543         'SE': 'Sweden',
2544         'CH': 'Switzerland',
2545         'SY': 'Syrian Arab Republic',
2546         'TW': 'Taiwan, Province of China',
2547         'TJ': 'Tajikistan',
2548         'TZ': 'Tanzania, United Republic of',
2549         'TH': 'Thailand',
2550         'TL': 'Timor-Leste',
2551         'TG': 'Togo',
2552         'TK': 'Tokelau',
2553         'TO': 'Tonga',
2554         'TT': 'Trinidad and Tobago',
2555         'TN': 'Tunisia',
2556         'TR': 'Turkey',
2557         'TM': 'Turkmenistan',
2558         'TC': 'Turks and Caicos Islands',
2559         'TV': 'Tuvalu',
2560         'UG': 'Uganda',
2561         'UA': 'Ukraine',
2562         'AE': 'United Arab Emirates',
2563         'GB': 'United Kingdom',
2564         'US': 'United States',
2565         'UM': 'United States Minor Outlying Islands',
2566         'UY': 'Uruguay',
2567         'UZ': 'Uzbekistan',
2568         'VU': 'Vanuatu',
2569         'VE': 'Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of',
2570         'VN': 'Viet Nam',
2571         'VG': 'Virgin Islands, British',
2572         'VI': 'Virgin Islands, U.S.',
2573         'WF': 'Wallis and Futuna',
2574         'EH': 'Western Sahara',
2575         'YE': 'Yemen',
2576         'ZM': 'Zambia',
2577         'ZW': 'Zimbabwe',
2578     }
2579
2580     @classmethod
2581     def short2full(cls, code):
2582         """Convert an ISO 3166-2 country code to the corresponding full name"""
2583         return cls._country_map.get(code.upper())
2584
2585
2586 class PerRequestProxyHandler(compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler):
2587     def __init__(self, proxies=None):
2588         # Set default handlers
2589         for type in ('http', 'https'):
2590             setattr(self, '%s_open' % type,
2591                     lambda r, proxy='__noproxy__', type=type, meth=self.proxy_open:
2592                         meth(r, proxy, type))
2593         return compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler.__init__(self, proxies)
2594
2595     def proxy_open(self, req, proxy, type):
2596         req_proxy = req.headers.get('Ytdl-request-proxy')
2597         if req_proxy is not None:
2598             proxy = req_proxy
2599             del req.headers['Ytdl-request-proxy']
2600
2601         if proxy == '__noproxy__':
2602             return None  # No Proxy
2603         return compat_urllib_request.ProxyHandler.proxy_open(
2604             self, req, proxy, type)
2605
2606
2607 def ohdave_rsa_encrypt(data, exponent, modulus):
2608     '''
2609     Implement OHDave's RSA algorithm. See http://www.ohdave.com/rsa/
2610
2611     Input:
2612         data: data to encrypt, bytes-like object
2613         exponent, modulus: parameter e and N of RSA algorithm, both integer
2614     Output: hex string of encrypted data
2615
2616     Limitation: supports one block encryption only
2617     '''
2618
2619     payload = int(binascii.hexlify(data[::-1]), 16)
2620     encrypted = pow(payload, exponent, modulus)
2621     return '%x' % encrypted