youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2
   3 import collections
   4 import errno
   5 import io
   6 import itertools
   7 import json
   8 import os.path
   9 import re
  10 import string
  11 import struct
  12 import traceback
  13 import zlib
  14
  15 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  16 from .subtitles import SubtitlesInfoExtractor
  17 from ..utils import (
  18     compat_chr,
  19     compat_parse_qs,
  20     compat_urllib_parse,
  21     compat_urllib_request,
  22     compat_urlparse,
  23     compat_str,
  24
  25     clean_html,
  26     get_cachedir,
  27     get_element_by_id,
  28     get_element_by_attribute,
  29     ExtractorError,
  30     int_or_none,
  31     PagedList,
  32     unescapeHTML,
  33     unified_strdate,
  34     orderedSet,
  35     write_json_file,
  36     uppercase_escape,
  37 )
  38
  39 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
  40     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
  41     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  42     _LANG_URL = r'https://www.youtube.com/?hl=en&persist_hl=1&gl=US&persist_gl=1&opt_out_ackd=1'
  43     _AGE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/verify_age?next_url=/&gl=US&hl=en'
  44     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
  45     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
  46     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  47
  48     def _set_language(self):
  49         return bool(self._download_webpage(
  50             self._LANG_URL, None,
  51             note=u'Setting language', errnote='unable to set language',
  52             fatal=False))
  53
  54     def _login(self):
  55         (username, password) = self._get_login_info()
  56         # No authentication to be performed
  57         if username is None:
  58             if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED:
  59                 raise ExtractorError(u'No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
  60             return False
  61
  62         login_page = self._download_webpage(
  63             self._LOGIN_URL, None,
  64             note=u'Downloading login page',
  65             errnote=u'unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
  66         if login_page is False:
  67             return
  68
  69         galx = self._search_regex(r'(?s)<input.+?name="GALX".+?value="(.+?)"',
  70                                   login_page, u'Login GALX parameter')
  71
  72         # Log in
  73         login_form_strs = {
  74                 u'continue': u'https://www.youtube.com/signin?action_handle_signin=true&feature=sign_in_button&hl=en_US&nomobiletemp=1',
  75                 u'Email': username,
  76                 u'GALX': galx,
  77                 u'Passwd': password,
  78                 u'PersistentCookie': u'yes',
  79                 u'_utf8': u'霱',
  80                 u'bgresponse': u'js_disabled',
  81                 u'checkConnection': u'',
  82                 u'checkedDomains': u'youtube',
  83                 u'dnConn': u'',
  84                 u'pstMsg': u'0',
  85                 u'rmShown': u'1',
  86                 u'secTok': u'',
  87                 u'signIn': u'Sign in',
  88                 u'timeStmp': u'',
  89                 u'service': u'youtube',
  90                 u'uilel': u'3',
  91                 u'hl': u'en_US',
  92         }
  93         # Convert to UTF-8 *before* urlencode because Python 2.x's urlencode
  94         # chokes on unicode
  95         login_form = dict((k.encode('utf-8'), v.encode('utf-8')) for k,v in login_form_strs.items())
  96         login_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(login_form).encode('ascii')
  97
  98         req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LOGIN_URL, login_data)
  99         login_results = self._download_webpage(
 100             req, None,
 101             note=u'Logging in', errnote=u'unable to log in', fatal=False)
 102         if login_results is False:
 103             return False
 104         if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', login_results) is not None:
 105             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to log in: bad username or password')
 106             return False
 107         return True
 108
 109     def _confirm_age(self):
 110         age_form = {
 111             'next_url': '/',
 112             'action_confirm': 'Confirm',
 113         }
 114         req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._AGE_URL,
 115             compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(age_form).encode('ascii'))
 116
 117         self._download_webpage(
 118             req, None,
 119             note=u'Confirming age', errnote=u'Unable to confirm age')
 120         return True
 121
 122     def _real_initialize(self):
 123         if self._downloader is None:
 124             return
 125         if not self._set_language():
 126             return
 127         if not self._login():
 128             return
 129         self._confirm_age()
 130
 131
 132 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, SubtitlesInfoExtractor):
 133     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com'
 134     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
 135                      (
 136                          (?:https?://|//)?                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL (optional)
 137                          (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
 138                             (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
 139                             (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
 140                             (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com/|
 141                             tube\.majestyc\.net/|
 142                             youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
 143                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
 144                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
 145                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/)                               # v/ or embed/ or e/
 146                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
 147                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
 148                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
 149                                  (?:.*?&)?                                    # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx)
 150                                  v=
 151                              )
 152                          ))
 153                          |youtu\.be/                                          # just youtu.be/xxxx
 154                          )
 155                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
 156                      ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
 157                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
 158                      $"""
 159     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
 160     _formats = {
 161         '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240},
 162         '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270},
 163         '13': {'ext': '3gp'},
 164         '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144},
 165         '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 166         '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
 167         '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 168         '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 169         '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'height': 240},
 170         '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
 171         '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072},
 172         '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 173         '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 174         '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
 175         '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
 176
 177
 178         # 3d videos
 179         '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 180         '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 181         '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 182         '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 183         '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 184         '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 185         '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 186
 187         # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 188         '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 189         '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 190         '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 191         '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 192         '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 193         '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 194         '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 195
 196         # DASH mp4 video
 197         '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 198         '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 199         '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 200         '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 201         '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 202         '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 203         '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 204         '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 205
 206         # Dash mp4 audio
 207         '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 48, 'preference': -50},
 208         '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 128, 'preference': -50},
 209         '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50},
 210
 211         # Dash webm
 212         '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 213         '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 214         '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 215         '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 216         '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 217         '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 218         '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 219         '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 220         '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 221         '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 222         '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 223         '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 224         '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH webm', 'preference': -40},
 225
 226         # Dash webm audio
 227         '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH webm audio', 'abr': 48, 'preference': -50},
 228         '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH webm audio', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50},
 229
 230         # RTMP (unnamed)
 231         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 232     }
 233
 234     IE_NAME = u'youtube'
 235     _TESTS = [
 236         {
 237             u"url":  u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc",
 238             u"file":  u"BaW_jenozKc.mp4",
 239             u"info_dict": {
 240                 u"title": u"youtube-dl test video \"'/\\ä↭𝕐",
 241                 u"uploader": u"Philipp Hagemeister",
 242                 u"uploader_id": u"phihag",
 243                 u"upload_date": u"20121002",
 244                 u"description": u"test chars:  \"'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de ."
 245             }
 246         },
 247         {
 248             u"url":  u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY",
 249             u"file":  u"UxxajLWwzqY.mp4",
 250             u"note": u"Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)",
 251             u"info_dict": {
 252                 u"upload_date": u"20120506",
 253                 u"title": u"Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]",
 254                 u"description": u"md5:5b292926389560516e384ac437c0ec07",
 255                 u"uploader": u"Icona Pop",
 256                 u"uploader_id": u"IconaPop"
 257             }
 258         },
 259         {
 260             u"url":  u"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ",
 261             u"file":  u"07FYdnEawAQ.mp4",
 262             u"note": u"Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)",
 263             u"info_dict": {
 264                 u"upload_date": u"20130703",
 265                 u"title": u"Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Explicit)",
 266                 u"description": u"md5:64249768eec3bc4276236606ea996373",
 267                 u"uploader": u"justintimberlakeVEVO",
 268                 u"uploader_id": u"justintimberlakeVEVO"
 269             }
 270         },
 271         {
 272             u"url":  u"//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ",
 273             u"file":  u"yZIXLfi8CZQ.mp4",
 274             u"note": u"Embed-only video (#1746)",
 275             u"info_dict": {
 276                 u"upload_date": u"20120608",
 277                 u"title": u"Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012",
 278                 u"description": u"md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7",
 279                 u"uploader": u"SET India",
 280                 u"uploader_id": u"setindia"
 281             }
 282         },
 283         {
 284             u"url": u"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I",
 285             u"file": u"a9LDPn-MO4I.m4a",
 286             u"note": u"256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest",
 287             u"info_dict": {
 288                 u"upload_date": "20121002",
 289                 u"uploader_id": "8KVIDEO",
 290                 u"description": "No description available.",
 291                 u"uploader": "8KVIDEO",
 292                 u"title": "UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4"
 293             },
 294             u"params": {
 295                 u"youtube_include_dash_manifest": True,
 296                 u"format": "141",
 297             },
 298         },
 299         # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
 300         {
 301             u'url': u'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
 302             u'info_dict': {
 303                 u'id': u'IB3lcPjvWLA',
 304                 u'ext': u'm4a',
 305                 u'title': u'Afrojack - The Spark ft. Spree Wilson',
 306                 u'description': u'md5:3199ed45ee8836572865580804d7ac0f',
 307                 u'uploader': u'AfrojackVEVO',
 308                 u'uploader_id': u'AfrojackVEVO',
 309                 u'upload_date': u'20131011',
 310             },
 311             u"params": {
 312                 u'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 313                 u'format': '141',
 314             },
 315         },
 316     ]
 317
 318
 319     @classmethod
 320     def suitable(cls, url):
 321         """Receives a URL and returns True if suitable for this IE."""
 322         if YoutubePlaylistIE.suitable(url): return False
 323         return re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url) is not None
 324
 325     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 326         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 327         self._player_cache = {}
 328
 329     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
 330         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
 331         self.to_screen(u'%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
 332
 333     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
 334         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
 335         self.to_screen(u'%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
 336
 337     def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
 338         """Report extracted video URL."""
 339         self.to_screen(u'%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
 340
 341     def report_rtmp_download(self):
 342         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
 343         self.to_screen(u'RTMP download detected')
 344
 345     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, slen):
 346         id_m = re.match(r'.*-(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 347                         player_url)
 348         player_type = id_m.group('ext')
 349         player_id = id_m.group('id')
 350
 351         # Read from filesystem cache
 352         func_id = '%s_%s_%d' % (player_type, player_id, slen)
 353         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
 354         cache_dir = get_cachedir(self._downloader.params)
 355
 356         cache_enabled = cache_dir is not None
 357         if cache_enabled:
 358             cache_fn = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser(cache_dir),
 359                                     u'youtube-sigfuncs',
 360                                     func_id + '.json')
 361             try:
 362                 with io.open(cache_fn, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as cachef:
 363                     cache_spec = json.load(cachef)
 364                 return lambda s: u''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
 365             except IOError:
 366                 pass  # No cache available
 367
 368         if player_type == 'js':
 369             code = self._download_webpage(
 370                 player_url, video_id,
 371                 note=u'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id),
 372                 errnote=u'Download of %s failed' % player_url)
 373             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
 374         elif player_type == 'swf':
 375             urlh = self._request_webpage(
 376                 player_url, video_id,
 377                 note=u'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id),
 378                 errnote=u'Download of %s failed' % player_url)
 379             code = urlh.read()
 380             res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
 381         else:
 382             assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
 383
 384         if cache_enabled:
 385             try:
 386                 test_string = u''.join(map(compat_chr, range(slen)))
 387                 cache_res = res(test_string)
 388                 cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
 389                 try:
 390                     os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(cache_fn))
 391                 except OSError as ose:
 392                     if ose.errno != errno.EEXIST:
 393                         raise
 394                 write_json_file(cache_spec, cache_fn)
 395             except Exception:
 396                 tb = traceback.format_exc()
 397                 self._downloader.report_warning(
 398                     u'Writing cache to %r failed: %s' % (cache_fn, tb))
 399
 400         return res
 401
 402     def _print_sig_code(self, func, slen):
 403         def gen_sig_code(idxs):
 404             def _genslice(start, end, step):
 405                 starts = u'' if start == 0 else str(start)
 406                 ends = (u':%d' % (end+step)) if end + step >= 0 else u':'
 407                 steps = u'' if step == 1 else (u':%d' % step)
 408                 return u's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
 409
 410             step = None
 411             start = '(Never used)'  # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be
 412                                     # set as soon as step is set
 413             for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
 414                 if step is not None:
 415                     if i - prev == step:
 416                         continue
 417                     yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
 418                     step = None
 419                     continue
 420                 if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
 421                     step = i - prev
 422                     start = prev
 423                     continue
 424                 else:
 425                     yield u's[%d]' % prev
 426             if step is None:
 427                 yield u's[%d]' % i
 428             else:
 429                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
 430
 431         test_string = u''.join(map(compat_chr, range(slen)))
 432         cache_res = func(test_string)
 433         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
 434         expr_code = u' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
 435         code = u'if len(s) == %d:\n    return %s\n' % (slen, expr_code)
 436         self.to_screen(u'Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
 437
 438     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
 439         funcname = self._search_regex(
 440             r'signature=([a-zA-Z]+)', jscode,
 441             u'Initial JS player signature function name')
 442
 443         functions = {}
 444
 445         def argidx(varname):
 446             return string.lowercase.index(varname)
 447
 448         def interpret_statement(stmt, local_vars, allow_recursion=20):
 449             if allow_recursion < 0:
 450                 raise ExtractorError(u'Recursion limit reached')
 451
 452             if stmt.startswith(u'var '):
 453                 stmt = stmt[len(u'var '):]
 454             ass_m = re.match(r'^(?P<out>[a-z]+)(?:\[(?P<index>[^\]]+)\])?' +
 455                              r'=(?P<expr>.*)$', stmt)
 456             if ass_m:
 457                 if ass_m.groupdict().get('index'):
 458                     def assign(val):
 459                         lvar = local_vars[ass_m.group('out')]
 460                         idx = interpret_expression(ass_m.group('index'),
 461                                                    local_vars, allow_recursion)
 462                         assert isinstance(idx, int)
 463                         lvar[idx] = val
 464                         return val
 465                     expr = ass_m.group('expr')
 466                 else:
 467                     def assign(val):
 468                         local_vars[ass_m.group('out')] = val
 469                         return val
 470                     expr = ass_m.group('expr')
 471             elif stmt.startswith(u'return '):
 472                 assign = lambda v: v
 473                 expr = stmt[len(u'return '):]
 474             else:
 475                 raise ExtractorError(
 476                     u'Cannot determine left side of statement in %r' % stmt)
 477
 478             v = interpret_expression(expr, local_vars, allow_recursion)
 479             return assign(v)
 480
 481         def interpret_expression(expr, local_vars, allow_recursion):
 482             if expr.isdigit():
 483                 return int(expr)
 484
 485             if expr.isalpha():
 486                 return local_vars[expr]
 487
 488             m = re.match(r'^(?P<in>[a-z]+)\.(?P<member>.*)$', expr)
 489             if m:
 490                 member = m.group('member')
 491                 val = local_vars[m.group('in')]
 492                 if member == 'split("")':
 493                     return list(val)
 494                 if member == 'join("")':
 495                     return u''.join(val)
 496                 if member == 'length':
 497                     return len(val)
 498                 if member == 'reverse()':
 499                     return val[::-1]
 500                 slice_m = re.match(r'slice\((?P<idx>.*)\)', member)
 501                 if slice_m:
 502                     idx = interpret_expression(
 503                         slice_m.group('idx'), local_vars, allow_recursion-1)
 504                     return val[idx:]
 505
 506             m = re.match(
 507                 r'^(?P<in>[a-z]+)\[(?P<idx>.+)\]$', expr)
 508             if m:
 509                 val = local_vars[m.group('in')]
 510                 idx = interpret_expression(m.group('idx'), local_vars,
 511                                            allow_recursion-1)
 512                 return val[idx]
 513
 514             m = re.match(r'^(?P<a>.+?)(?P<op>[%])(?P<b>.+?)$', expr)
 515             if m:
 516                 a = interpret_expression(m.group('a'),
 517                                          local_vars, allow_recursion)
 518                 b = interpret_expression(m.group('b'),
 519                                          local_vars, allow_recursion)
 520                 return a % b
 521
 522             m = re.match(
 523                 r'^(?P<func>[a-zA-Z$]+)\((?P<args>[a-z0-9,]+)\)$', expr)
 524             if m:
 525                 fname = m.group('func')
 526                 if fname not in functions:
 527                     functions[fname] = extract_function(fname)
 528                 argvals = [int(v) if v.isdigit() else local_vars[v]
 529                            for v in m.group('args').split(',')]
 530                 return functions[fname](argvals)
 531             raise ExtractorError(u'Unsupported JS expression %r' % expr)
 532
 533         def extract_function(funcname):
 534             func_m = re.search(
 535                 r'function ' + re.escape(funcname) +
 536                 r'\((?P<args>[a-z,]+)\){(?P<code>[^}]+)}',
 537                 jscode)
 538             argnames = func_m.group('args').split(',')
 539
 540             def resf(args):
 541                 local_vars = dict(zip(argnames, args))
 542                 for stmt in func_m.group('code').split(';'):
 543                     res = interpret_statement(stmt, local_vars)
 544                 return res
 545             return resf
 546
 547         initial_function = extract_function(funcname)
 548         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
 549
 550     def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
 551         if file_contents[1:3] != b'WS':
 552             raise ExtractorError(
 553                 u'Not an SWF file; header is %r' % file_contents[:3])
 554         if file_contents[:1] == b'C':
 555             content = zlib.decompress(file_contents[8:])
 556         else:
 557             raise NotImplementedError(u'Unsupported compression format %r' %
 558                                       file_contents[:1])
 559
 560         def extract_tags(content):
 561             pos = 0
 562             while pos < len(content):
 563                 header16 = struct.unpack('<H', content[pos:pos+2])[0]
 564                 pos += 2
 565                 tag_code = header16 >> 6
 566                 tag_len = header16 & 0x3f
 567                 if tag_len == 0x3f:
 568                     tag_len = struct.unpack('<I', content[pos:pos+4])[0]
 569                     pos += 4
 570                 assert pos+tag_len <= len(content)
 571                 yield (tag_code, content[pos:pos+tag_len])
 572                 pos += tag_len
 573
 574         code_tag = next(tag
 575                         for tag_code, tag in extract_tags(content)
 576                         if tag_code == 82)
 577         p = code_tag.index(b'\0', 4) + 1
 578         code_reader = io.BytesIO(code_tag[p:])
 579
 580         # Parse ABC (AVM2 ByteCode)
 581         def read_int(reader=None):
 582             if reader is None:
 583                 reader = code_reader
 584             res = 0
 585             shift = 0
 586             for _ in range(5):
 587                 buf = reader.read(1)
 588                 assert len(buf) == 1
 589                 b = struct.unpack('<B', buf)[0]
 590                 res = res | ((b & 0x7f) << shift)
 591                 if b & 0x80 == 0:
 592                     break
 593                 shift += 7
 594             return res
 595
 596         def u30(reader=None):
 597             res = read_int(reader)
 598             assert res & 0xf0000000 == 0
 599             return res
 600         u32 = read_int
 601
 602         def s32(reader=None):
 603             v = read_int(reader)
 604             if v & 0x80000000 != 0:
 605                 v = - ((v ^ 0xffffffff) + 1)
 606             return v
 607
 608         def read_string(reader=None):
 609             if reader is None:
 610                 reader = code_reader
 611             slen = u30(reader)
 612             resb = reader.read(slen)
 613             assert len(resb) == slen
 614             return resb.decode('utf-8')
 615
 616         def read_bytes(count, reader=None):
 617             if reader is None:
 618                 reader = code_reader
 619             resb = reader.read(count)
 620             assert len(resb) == count
 621             return resb
 622
 623         def read_byte(reader=None):
 624             resb = read_bytes(1, reader=reader)
 625             res = struct.unpack('<B', resb)[0]
 626             return res
 627
 628         # minor_version + major_version
 629         read_bytes(2 + 2)
 630
 631         # Constant pool
 632         int_count = u30()
 633         for _c in range(1, int_count):
 634             s32()
 635         uint_count = u30()
 636         for _c in range(1, uint_count):
 637             u32()
 638         double_count = u30()
 639         read_bytes((double_count-1) * 8)
 640         string_count = u30()
 641         constant_strings = [u'']
 642         for _c in range(1, string_count):
 643             s = read_string()
 644             constant_strings.append(s)
 645         namespace_count = u30()
 646         for _c in range(1, namespace_count):
 647             read_bytes(1)  # kind
 648             u30()  # name
 649         ns_set_count = u30()
 650         for _c in range(1, ns_set_count):
 651             count = u30()
 652             for _c2 in range(count):
 653                 u30()
 654         multiname_count = u30()
 655         MULTINAME_SIZES = {
 656             0x07: 2,  # QName
 657             0x0d: 2,  # QNameA
 658             0x0f: 1,  # RTQName
 659             0x10: 1,  # RTQNameA
 660             0x11: 0,  # RTQNameL
 661             0x12: 0,  # RTQNameLA
 662             0x09: 2,  # Multiname
 663             0x0e: 2,  # MultinameA
 664             0x1b: 1,  # MultinameL
 665             0x1c: 1,  # MultinameLA
 666         }
 667         multinames = [u'']
 668         for _c in range(1, multiname_count):
 669             kind = u30()
 670             assert kind in MULTINAME_SIZES, u'Invalid multiname kind %r' % kind
 671             if kind == 0x07:
 672                 u30()  # namespace_idx
 673                 name_idx = u30()
 674                 multinames.append(constant_strings[name_idx])
 675             else:
 676                 multinames.append('[MULTINAME kind: %d]' % kind)
 677                 for _c2 in range(MULTINAME_SIZES[kind]):
 678                     u30()
 679
 680         # Methods
 681         method_count = u30()
 682         MethodInfo = collections.namedtuple(
 683             'MethodInfo',
 684             ['NEED_ARGUMENTS', 'NEED_REST'])
 685         method_infos = []
 686         for method_id in range(method_count):
 687             param_count = u30()
 688             u30()  # return type
 689             for _ in range(param_count):
 690                 u30()  # param type
 691             u30()  # name index (always 0 for youtube)
 692             flags = read_byte()
 693             if flags & 0x08 != 0:
 694                 # Options present
 695                 option_count = u30()
 696                 for c in range(option_count):
 697                     u30()  # val
 698                     read_bytes(1)  # kind
 699             if flags & 0x80 != 0:
 700                 # Param names present
 701                 for _ in range(param_count):
 702                     u30()  # param name
 703             mi = MethodInfo(flags & 0x01 != 0, flags & 0x04 != 0)
 704             method_infos.append(mi)
 705
 706         # Metadata
 707         metadata_count = u30()
 708         for _c in range(metadata_count):
 709             u30()  # name
 710             item_count = u30()
 711             for _c2 in range(item_count):
 712                 u30()  # key
 713                 u30()  # value
 714
 715         def parse_traits_info():
 716             trait_name_idx = u30()
 717             kind_full = read_byte()
 718             kind = kind_full & 0x0f
 719             attrs = kind_full >> 4
 720             methods = {}
 721             if kind in [0x00, 0x06]:  # Slot or Const
 722                 u30()  # Slot id
 723                 u30()  # type_name_idx
 724                 vindex = u30()
 725                 if vindex != 0:
 726                     read_byte()  # vkind
 727             elif kind in [0x01, 0x02, 0x03]:  # Method / Getter / Setter
 728                 u30()  # disp_id
 729                 method_idx = u30()
 730                 methods[multinames[trait_name_idx]] = method_idx
 731             elif kind == 0x04:  # Class
 732                 u30()  # slot_id
 733                 u30()  # classi
 734             elif kind == 0x05:  # Function
 735                 u30()  # slot_id
 736                 function_idx = u30()
 737                 methods[function_idx] = multinames[trait_name_idx]
 738             else:
 739                 raise ExtractorError(u'Unsupported trait kind %d' % kind)
 740
 741             if attrs & 0x4 != 0:  # Metadata present
 742                 metadata_count = u30()
 743                 for _c3 in range(metadata_count):
 744                     u30()  # metadata index
 745
 746             return methods
 747
 748         # Classes
 749         TARGET_CLASSNAME = u'SignatureDecipher'
 750         searched_idx = multinames.index(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
 751         searched_class_id = None
 752         class_count = u30()
 753         for class_id in range(class_count):
 754             name_idx = u30()
 755             if name_idx == searched_idx:
 756                 # We found the class we're looking for!
 757                 searched_class_id = class_id
 758             u30()  # super_name idx
 759             flags = read_byte()
 760             if flags & 0x08 != 0:  # Protected namespace is present
 761                 u30()  # protected_ns_idx
 762             intrf_count = u30()
 763             for _c2 in range(intrf_count):
 764                 u30()
 765             u30()  # iinit
 766             trait_count = u30()
 767             for _c2 in range(trait_count):
 768                 parse_traits_info()
 769
 770         if searched_class_id is None:
 771             raise ExtractorError(u'Target class %r not found' %
 772                                  TARGET_CLASSNAME)
 773
 774         method_names = {}
 775         method_idxs = {}
 776         for class_id in range(class_count):
 777             u30()  # cinit
 778             trait_count = u30()
 779             for _c2 in range(trait_count):
 780                 trait_methods = parse_traits_info()
 781                 if class_id == searched_class_id:
 782                     method_names.update(trait_methods.items())
 783                     method_idxs.update(dict(
 784                         (idx, name)
 785                         for name, idx in trait_methods.items()))
 786
 787         # Scripts
 788         script_count = u30()
 789         for _c in range(script_count):
 790             u30()  # init
 791             trait_count = u30()
 792             for _c2 in range(trait_count):
 793                 parse_traits_info()
 794
 795         # Method bodies
 796         method_body_count = u30()
 797         Method = collections.namedtuple('Method', ['code', 'local_count'])
 798         methods = {}
 799         for _c in range(method_body_count):
 800             method_idx = u30()
 801             u30()  # max_stack
 802             local_count = u30()
 803             u30()  # init_scope_depth
 804             u30()  # max_scope_depth
 805             code_length = u30()
 806             code = read_bytes(code_length)
 807             if method_idx in method_idxs:
 808                 m = Method(code, local_count)
 809                 methods[method_idxs[method_idx]] = m
 810             exception_count = u30()
 811             for _c2 in range(exception_count):
 812                 u30()  # from
 813                 u30()  # to
 814                 u30()  # target
 815                 u30()  # exc_type
 816                 u30()  # var_name
 817             trait_count = u30()
 818             for _c2 in range(trait_count):
 819                 parse_traits_info()
 820
 821         assert p + code_reader.tell() == len(code_tag)
 822         assert len(methods) == len(method_idxs)
 823
 824         method_pyfunctions = {}
 825
 826         def extract_function(func_name):
 827             if func_name in method_pyfunctions:
 828                 return method_pyfunctions[func_name]
 829             if func_name not in methods:
 830                 raise ExtractorError(u'Cannot find function %r' % func_name)
 831             m = methods[func_name]
 832
 833             def resfunc(args):
 834                 registers = ['(this)'] + list(args) + [None] * m.local_count
 835                 stack = []
 836                 coder = io.BytesIO(m.code)
 837                 while True:
 838                     opcode = struct.unpack('!B', coder.read(1))[0]
 839                     if opcode == 36:  # pushbyte
 840                         v = struct.unpack('!B', coder.read(1))[0]
 841                         stack.append(v)
 842                     elif opcode == 44:  # pushstring
 843                         idx = u30(coder)
 844                         stack.append(constant_strings[idx])
 845                     elif opcode == 48:  # pushscope
 846                         # We don't implement the scope register, so we'll just
 847                         # ignore the popped value
 848                         stack.pop()
 849                     elif opcode == 70:  # callproperty
 850                         index = u30(coder)
 851                         mname = multinames[index]
 852                         arg_count = u30(coder)
 853                         args = list(reversed(
 854                             [stack.pop() for _ in range(arg_count)]))
 855                         obj = stack.pop()
 856                         if mname == u'split':
 857                             assert len(args) == 1
 858                             assert isinstance(args[0], compat_str)
 859                             assert isinstance(obj, compat_str)
 860                             if args[0] == u'':
 861                                 res = list(obj)
 862                             else:
 863                                 res = obj.split(args[0])
 864                             stack.append(res)
 865                         elif mname == u'slice':
 866                             assert len(args) == 1
 867                             assert isinstance(args[0], int)
 868                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 869                             res = obj[args[0]:]
 870                             stack.append(res)
 871                         elif mname == u'join':
 872                             assert len(args) == 1
 873                             assert isinstance(args[0], compat_str)
 874                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 875                             res = args[0].join(obj)
 876                             stack.append(res)
 877                         elif mname in method_pyfunctions:
 878                             stack.append(method_pyfunctions[mname](args))
 879                         else:
 880                             raise NotImplementedError(
 881                                 u'Unsupported property %r on %r'
 882                                 % (mname, obj))
 883                     elif opcode == 72:  # returnvalue
 884                         res = stack.pop()
 885                         return res
 886                     elif opcode == 79:  # callpropvoid
 887                         index = u30(coder)
 888                         mname = multinames[index]
 889                         arg_count = u30(coder)
 890                         args = list(reversed(
 891                             [stack.pop() for _ in range(arg_count)]))
 892                         obj = stack.pop()
 893                         if mname == u'reverse':
 894                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 895                             obj.reverse()
 896                         else:
 897                             raise NotImplementedError(
 898                                 u'Unsupported (void) property %r on %r'
 899                                 % (mname, obj))
 900                     elif opcode == 93:  # findpropstrict
 901                         index = u30(coder)
 902                         mname = multinames[index]
 903                         res = extract_function(mname)
 904                         stack.append(res)
 905                     elif opcode == 97:  # setproperty
 906                         index = u30(coder)
 907                         value = stack.pop()
 908                         idx = stack.pop()
 909                         obj = stack.pop()
 910                         assert isinstance(obj, list)
 911                         assert isinstance(idx, int)
 912                         obj[idx] = value
 913                     elif opcode == 98:  # getlocal
 914                         index = u30(coder)
 915                         stack.append(registers[index])
 916                     elif opcode == 99:  # setlocal
 917                         index = u30(coder)
 918                         value = stack.pop()
 919                         registers[index] = value
 920                     elif opcode == 102:  # getproperty
 921                         index = u30(coder)
 922                         pname = multinames[index]
 923                         if pname == u'length':
 924                             obj = stack.pop()
 925                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 926                             stack.append(len(obj))
 927                         else:  # Assume attribute access
 928                             idx = stack.pop()
 929                             assert isinstance(idx, int)
 930                             obj = stack.pop()
 931                             assert isinstance(obj, list)
 932                             stack.append(obj[idx])
 933                     elif opcode == 128:  # coerce
 934                         u30(coder)
 935                     elif opcode == 133:  # coerce_s
 936                         assert isinstance(stack[-1], (type(None), compat_str))
 937                     elif opcode == 164:  # modulo
 938                         value2 = stack.pop()
 939                         value1 = stack.pop()
 940                         res = value1 % value2
 941                         stack.append(res)
 942                     elif opcode == 208:  # getlocal_0
 943                         stack.append(registers[0])
 944                     elif opcode == 209:  # getlocal_1
 945                         stack.append(registers[1])
 946                     elif opcode == 210:  # getlocal_2
 947                         stack.append(registers[2])
 948                     elif opcode == 211:  # getlocal_3
 949                         stack.append(registers[3])
 950                     elif opcode == 214:  # setlocal_2
 951                         registers[2] = stack.pop()
 952                     elif opcode == 215:  # setlocal_3
 953                         registers[3] = stack.pop()
 954                     else:
 955                         raise NotImplementedError(
 956                             u'Unsupported opcode %d' % opcode)
 957
 958             method_pyfunctions[func_name] = resfunc
 959             return resfunc
 960
 961         initial_function = extract_function(u'decipher')
 962         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
 963
 964     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
 965         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
 966
 967         if player_url is not None:
 968             if player_url.startswith(u'//'):
 969                 player_url = u'https:' + player_url
 970             try:
 971                 player_id = (player_url, len(s))
 972                 if player_id not in self._player_cache:
 973                     func = self._extract_signature_function(
 974                         video_id, player_url, len(s)
 975                     )
 976                     self._player_cache[player_id] = func
 977                 func = self._player_cache[player_id]
 978                 if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
 979                     self._print_sig_code(func, len(s))
 980                 return func(s)
 981             except Exception:
 982                 tb = traceback.format_exc()
 983                 self._downloader.report_warning(
 984                     u'Automatic signature extraction failed: ' + tb)
 985
 986             self._downloader.report_warning(
 987                 u'Warning: Falling back to static signature algorithm')
 988
 989         return self._static_decrypt_signature(
 990             s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
 991
 992     def _static_decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate):
 993         if age_gate:
 994             # The videos with age protection use another player, so the
 995             # algorithms can be different.
 996             if len(s) == 86:
 997                 return s[2:63] + s[82] + s[64:82] + s[63]
 998
 999         if len(s) == 93:
1000             return s[86:29:-1] + s[88] + s[28:5:-1]
1001         elif len(s) == 92:
1002             return s[25] + s[3:25] + s[0] + s[26:42] + s[79] + s[43:79] + s[91] + s[80:83]
1003         elif len(s) == 91:
1004             return s[84:27:-1] + s[86] + s[26:5:-1]
1005         elif len(s) == 90:
1006             return s[25] + s[3:25] + s[2] + s[26:40] + s[77] + s[41:77] + s[89] + s[78:81]
1007         elif len(s) == 89:
1008             return s[84:78:-1] + s[87] + s[77:60:-1] + s[0] + s[59:3:-1]
1009         elif len(s) == 88:
1010             return s[7:28] + s[87] + s[29:45] + s[55] + s[46:55] + s[2] + s[56:87] + s[28]
1011         elif len(s) == 87:
1012             return s[6:27] + s[4] + s[28:39] + s[27] + s[40:59] + s[2] + s[60:]
1013         elif len(s) == 86:
1014             return s[80:72:-1] + s[16] + s[71:39:-1] + s[72] + s[38:16:-1] + s[82] + s[15::-1]
1015         elif len(s) == 85:
1016             return s[3:11] + s[0] + s[12:55] + s[84] + s[56:84]
1017         elif len(s) == 84:
1018             return s[78:70:-1] + s[14] + s[69:37:-1] + s[70] + s[36:14:-1] + s[80] + s[:14][::-1]
1019         elif len(s) == 83:
1020             return s[80:63:-1] + s[0] + s[62:0:-1] + s[63]
1021         elif len(s) == 82:
1022             return s[80:37:-1] + s[7] + s[36:7:-1] + s[0] + s[6:0:-1] + s[37]
1023         elif len(s) == 81:
1024             return s[56] + s[79:56:-1] + s[41] + s[55:41:-1] + s[80] + s[40:34:-1] + s[0] + s[33:29:-1] + s[34] + s[28:9:-1] + s[29] + s[8:0:-1] + s[9]
1025         elif len(s) == 80:
1026             return s[1:19] + s[0] + s[20:68] + s[19] + s[69:80]
1027         elif len(s) == 79:
1028             return s[54] + s[77:54:-1] + s[39] + s[53:39:-1] + s[78] + s[38:34:-1] + s[0] + s[33:29:-1] + s[34] + s[28:9:-1] + s[29] + s[8:0:-1] + s[9]
1029
1030         else:
1031             raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to decrypt signature, key length %d not supported; retrying might work' % (len(s)))
1032
1033     def _get_available_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
1034         try:
1035             sub_list = self._download_webpage(
1036                 'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
1037                 video_id, note=False)
1038         except ExtractorError as err:
1039             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to download video subtitles: %s' % compat_str(err))
1040             return {}
1041         lang_list = re.findall(r'name="([^"]*)"[^>]+lang_code="([\w\-]+)"', sub_list)
1042
1043         sub_lang_list = {}
1044         for l in lang_list:
1045             lang = l[1]
1046             params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
1047                 'lang': lang,
1048                 'v': video_id,
1049                 'fmt': self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'srt'),
1050                 'name': unescapeHTML(l[0]).encode('utf-8'),
1051             })
1052             url = u'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params
1053             sub_lang_list[lang] = url
1054         if not sub_lang_list:
1055             self._downloader.report_warning(u'video doesn\'t have subtitles')
1056             return {}
1057         return sub_lang_list
1058
1059     def _get_available_automatic_caption(self, video_id, webpage):
1060         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
1061            argument to speed up the process."""
1062         sub_format = self._downloader.params.get('subtitlesformat', 'srt')
1063         self.to_screen(u'%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
1064         mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer.config = ({.*?});', webpage)
1065         err_msg = u'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
1066         if mobj is None:
1067             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1068             return {}
1069         player_config = json.loads(mobj.group(1))
1070         try:
1071             args = player_config[u'args']
1072             caption_url = args[u'ttsurl']
1073             timestamp = args[u'timestamp']
1074             # We get the available subtitles
1075             list_params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
1076                 'type': 'list',
1077                 'tlangs': 1,
1078                 'asrs': 1,
1079             })
1080             list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
1081             caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
1082             original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
1083             if original_lang_node is None or original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind') != 'asr' :
1084                 self._downloader.report_warning(u'Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
1085                 return {}
1086             original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1087
1088             sub_lang_list = {}
1089             for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
1090                 sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
1091                 params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
1092                     'lang': original_lang,
1093                     'tlang': sub_lang,
1094                     'fmt': sub_format,
1095                     'ts': timestamp,
1096                     'kind': 'asr',
1097                 })
1098                 sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = caption_url + '&' + params
1099             return sub_lang_list
1100         # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
1101         # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
1102         except (KeyError, ExtractorError):
1103             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
1104             return {}
1105
1106     @classmethod
1107     def extract_id(cls, url):
1108         mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
1109         if mobj is None:
1110             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1111         video_id = mobj.group(2)
1112         return video_id
1113
1114     def _extract_from_m3u8(self, manifest_url, video_id):
1115         url_map = {}
1116         def _get_urls(_manifest):
1117             lines = _manifest.split('\n')
1118             urls = filter(lambda l: l and not l.startswith('#'),
1119                             lines)
1120             return urls
1121         manifest = self._download_webpage(manifest_url, video_id, u'Downloading formats manifest')
1122         formats_urls = _get_urls(manifest)
1123         for format_url in formats_urls:
1124             itag = self._search_regex(r'itag/(\d+?)/', format_url, 'itag')
1125             url_map[itag] = format_url
1126         return url_map
1127
1128     def _extract_annotations(self, video_id):
1129         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/annotations_invideo?features=1&legacy=1&video_id=%s' % video_id
1130         return self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note=u'Searching for annotations.', errnote=u'Unable to download video annotations.')
1131
1132     def _real_extract(self, url):
1133         proto = (
1134             u'http' if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
1135             else u'https')
1136
1137         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
1138         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
1139         if mobj:
1140             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse.unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
1141         video_id = self.extract_id(url)
1142
1143         # Get video webpage
1144         url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1' % video_id
1145         video_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
1146
1147         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
1148         mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
1149         if mobj is not None:
1150             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
1151         else:
1152             player_url = None
1153
1154         # Get video info
1155         self.report_video_info_webpage_download(video_id)
1156         if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
1157             self.report_age_confirmation()
1158             age_gate = True
1159             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
1160             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
1161             data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({'video_id': video_id,
1162                                                   'el': 'player_embedded',
1163                                                   'gl': 'US',
1164                                                   'hl': 'en',
1165                                                   'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
1166                                                   'asv': 3,
1167                                                   'sts':'1588',
1168                                                   })
1169             video_info_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
1170             video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(video_info_url, video_id,
1171                                     note=False,
1172                                     errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1173             video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1174         else:
1175             age_gate = False
1176             for el_type in ['&el=embedded', '&el=detailpage', '&el=vevo', '']:
1177                 video_info_url = (proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?&video_id=%s%s&ps=default&eurl=&gl=US&hl=en'
1178                         % (video_id, el_type))
1179                 video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(video_info_url, video_id,
1180                                         note=False,
1181                                         errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1182                 video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1183                 if 'token' in video_info:
1184                     break
1185         if 'token' not in video_info:
1186             if 'reason' in video_info:
1187                 raise ExtractorError(u'YouTube said: %s' % video_info['reason'][0], expected=True)
1188             else:
1189                 raise ExtractorError(u'"token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason')
1190
1191         if 'view_count' in video_info:
1192             view_count = int(video_info['view_count'][0])
1193         else:
1194             view_count = None
1195
1196         # Check for "rental" videos
1197         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
1198             raise ExtractorError(u'"rental" videos not supported')
1199
1200         # Start extracting information
1201         self.report_information_extraction(video_id)
1202
1203         # uploader
1204         if 'author' not in video_info:
1205             raise ExtractorError(u'Unable to extract uploader name')
1206         video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['author'][0])
1207
1208         # uploader_id
1209         video_uploader_id = None
1210         mobj = re.search(r'<link itemprop="url" href="http://www.youtube.com/(?:user|channel)/([^"]+)">', video_webpage)
1211         if mobj is not None:
1212             video_uploader_id = mobj.group(1)
1213         else:
1214             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract uploader nickname')
1215
1216         # title
1217         if 'title' in video_info:
1218             video_title = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['title'][0])
1219         else:
1220             self._downloader.report_warning(u'Unable to extract video title')
1221             video_title = u'_'
1222
1223         # thumbnail image
1224         # We try first to get a high quality image:
1225         m_thumb = re.search(r'<span itemprop="thumbnail".*?href="(.*?)">',
1226                             video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
1227         if m_thumb is not None:
1228             video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
1229         elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
1230             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract video thumbnail')
1231             video_thumbnail = None
1232         else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
1233             video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
1234
1235         # upload date
1236         upload_date = None
1237         mobj = re.search(r'id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>', video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
1238         if mobj is not None:
1239             upload_date = ' '.join(re.sub(r'[/,-]', r' ', mobj.group(1)).split())
1240             upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
1241
1242         # description
1243         video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
1244         if video_description:
1245             video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
1246                 <a\s+
1247                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
1248                     title="([^"]+)"\s+
1249                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
1250                     class="yt-uix-redirect-link"\s*>
1251                 [^<]+
1252                 </a>
1253             ''', r'\1', video_description)
1254             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
1255         else:
1256             fd_mobj = re.search(r'<meta name="description" content="([^"]+)"', video_webpage)
1257             if fd_mobj:
1258                 video_description = unescapeHTML(fd_mobj.group(1))
1259             else:
1260                 video_description = u''
1261
1262         def _extract_count(klass):
1263             count = self._search_regex(
1264                 r'class="%s">([\d,]+)</span>' % re.escape(klass),
1265                 video_webpage, klass, default=None)
1266             if count is not None:
1267                 return int(count.replace(',', ''))
1268             return None
1269         like_count = _extract_count(u'likes-count')
1270         dislike_count = _extract_count(u'dislikes-count')
1271
1272         # subtitles
1273         video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
1274
1275         if self._downloader.params.get('listsubtitles', False):
1276             self._list_available_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
1277             return
1278
1279         if 'length_seconds' not in video_info:
1280             self._downloader.report_warning(u'unable to extract video duration')
1281             video_duration = None
1282         else:
1283             video_duration = int(compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['length_seconds'][0]))
1284
1285         # annotations
1286         video_annotations = None
1287         if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
1288                 video_annotations = self._extract_annotations(video_id)
1289
1290         # Decide which formats to download
1291         try:
1292             mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.*?});', video_webpage)
1293             if not mobj:
1294                 raise ValueError('Could not find vevo ID')
1295             json_code = uppercase_escape(mobj.group(1))
1296             ytplayer_config = json.loads(json_code)
1297             args = ytplayer_config['args']
1298             # Easy way to know if the 's' value is in url_encoded_fmt_stream_map
1299             # this signatures are encrypted
1300             if 'url_encoded_fmt_stream_map' not in args:
1301                 raise ValueError(u'No stream_map present')  # caught below
1302             re_signature = re.compile(r'[&,]s=')
1303             m_s = re_signature.search(args['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'])
1304             if m_s is not None:
1305                 self.to_screen(u'%s: Encrypted signatures detected.' % video_id)
1306                 video_info['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'] = [args['url_encoded_fmt_stream_map']]
1307             m_s = re_signature.search(args.get('adaptive_fmts', u''))
1308             if m_s is not None:
1309                 if 'adaptive_fmts' in video_info:
1310                     video_info['adaptive_fmts'][0] += ',' + args['adaptive_fmts']
1311                 else:
1312                     video_info['adaptive_fmts'] = [args['adaptive_fmts']]
1313         except ValueError:
1314             pass
1315
1316         def _map_to_format_list(urlmap):
1317             formats = []
1318             for itag, video_real_url in urlmap.items():
1319                 dct = {
1320                     'format_id': itag,
1321                     'url': video_real_url,
1322                     'player_url': player_url,
1323                 }
1324                 if itag in self._formats:
1325                     dct.update(self._formats[itag])
1326                 formats.append(dct)
1327             return formats
1328
1329         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
1330             self.report_rtmp_download()
1331             formats = [{
1332                 'format_id': '_rtmp',
1333                 'protocol': 'rtmp',
1334                 'url': video_info['conn'][0],
1335                 'player_url': player_url,
1336             }]
1337         elif len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [])) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [])) >= 1:
1338             encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts',[''])[0]
1339             if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
1340                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
1341             url_map = {}
1342             for url_data_str in encoded_url_map.split(','):
1343                 url_data = compat_parse_qs(url_data_str)
1344                 if 'itag' in url_data and 'url' in url_data:
1345                     url = url_data['url'][0]
1346                     if 'sig' in url_data:
1347                         url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
1348                     elif 's' in url_data:
1349                         encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
1350                         if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
1351                             if age_gate:
1352                                 if player_url is None:
1353                                     player_version = 'unknown'
1354                                 else:
1355                                     player_version = self._search_regex(
1356                                         r'-(.+)\.swf$', player_url,
1357                                         u'flash player', fatal=False)
1358                                 player_desc = 'flash player %s' % player_version
1359                             else:
1360                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1361                                     r'html5player-(.+?)\.js', video_webpage,
1362                                     'html5 player', fatal=False)
1363                                 player_desc = u'html5 player %s' % player_version
1364
1365                             parts_sizes = u'.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in encrypted_sig.split('.'))
1366                             self.to_screen(u'encrypted signature length %d (%s), itag %s, %s' %
1367                                 (len(encrypted_sig), parts_sizes, url_data['itag'][0], player_desc))
1368
1369                         if not age_gate:
1370                             jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1371                                 r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")',
1372                                 video_webpage, u'JS player URL')
1373                             player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
1374
1375                         signature = self._decrypt_signature(
1376                             encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
1377                         url += '&signature=' + signature
1378                     if 'ratebypass' not in url:
1379                         url += '&ratebypass=yes'
1380                     url_map[url_data['itag'][0]] = url
1381             formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
1382         elif video_info.get('hlsvp'):
1383             manifest_url = video_info['hlsvp'][0]
1384             url_map = self._extract_from_m3u8(manifest_url, video_id)
1385             formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
1386         else:
1387             raise ExtractorError(u'no conn, hlsvp or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
1388
1389         # Look for the DASH manifest
1390         if (self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', False)):
1391             try:
1392                 # The DASH manifest used needs to be the one from the original video_webpage.
1393                 # The one found in get_video_info seems to be using different signatures.
1394                 # However, in the case of an age restriction there won't be any embedded dashmpd in the video_webpage.
1395                 # Luckily, it seems, this case uses some kind of default signature (len == 86), so the
1396                 # combination of get_video_info and the _static_decrypt_signature() decryption fallback will work here.
1397                 if age_gate:
1398                     dash_manifest_url = video_info.get('dashmpd')[0]
1399                 else:
1400                     dash_manifest_url = ytplayer_config['args']['dashmpd']
1401                 def decrypt_sig(mobj):
1402                     s = mobj.group(1)
1403                     dec_s = self._decrypt_signature(s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
1404                     return '/signature/%s' % dec_s
1405                 dash_manifest_url = re.sub(r'/s/([\w\.]+)', decrypt_sig, dash_manifest_url)
1406                 dash_doc = self._download_xml(
1407                     dash_manifest_url, video_id,
1408                     note=u'Downloading DASH manifest',
1409                     errnote=u'Could not download DASH manifest')
1410                 for r in dash_doc.findall(u'.//{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}Representation'):
1411                     url_el = r.find('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}BaseURL')
1412                     if url_el is None:
1413                         continue
1414                     format_id = r.attrib['id']
1415                     video_url = url_el.text
1416                     filesize = int_or_none(url_el.attrib.get('{http://youtube.com/yt/2012/10/10}contentLength'))
1417                     f = {
1418                         'format_id': format_id,
1419                         'url': video_url,
1420                         'width': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('width')),
1421                         'tbr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('bandwidth'), 1000),
1422                         'asr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('audioSamplingRate')),
1423                         'filesize': filesize,
1424                     }
1425                     try:
1426                         existing_format = next(
1427                             fo for fo in formats
1428                             if fo['format_id'] == format_id)
1429                     except StopIteration:
1430                         f.update(self._formats.get(format_id, {}))
1431                         formats.append(f)
1432                     else:
1433                         existing_format.update(f)
1434
1435             except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
1436                 self.report_warning(u'Skipping DASH manifest: %s' % e, video_id)
1437
1438         self._sort_formats(formats)
1439
1440         return {
1441             'id':           video_id,
1442             'uploader':     video_uploader,
1443             'uploader_id':  video_uploader_id,
1444             'upload_date':  upload_date,
1445             'title':        video_title,
1446             'thumbnail':    video_thumbnail,
1447             'description':  video_description,
1448             'subtitles':    video_subtitles,
1449             'duration':     video_duration,
1450             'age_limit':    18 if age_gate else 0,
1451             'annotations':  video_annotations,
1452             'webpage_url': proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
1453             'view_count':   view_count,
1454             'like_count': like_count,
1455             'dislike_count': dislike_count,
1456             'formats':      formats,
1457         }
1458
1459 class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1460     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com playlists'
1461     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
1462                         (?:https?://)?
1463                         (?:\w+\.)?
1464                         youtube\.com/
1465                         (?:
1466                            (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch)
1467                            \? (?:.*?&)*? (?:p|a|list)=
1468                         |  p/
1469                         )
1470                         (
1471                             (?:PL|EC|UU|FL|RD)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
1472                             # Top tracks, they can also include dots
1473                             |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
1474                         )
1475                         .*
1476                      |
1477                         ((?:PL|EC|UU|FL|RD)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
1478                      )"""
1479     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s'
1480     _MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR = r'data-link-type="next"'
1481     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+)'
1482     IE_NAME = u'youtube:playlist'
1483
1484     def _real_initialize(self):
1485         self._login()
1486
1487     def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
1488         return [self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
1489                        for vid_id in ids]
1490
1491     def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
1492         # The mixes are generated from a a single video
1493         # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
1494         url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (playlist_id[-11:], playlist_id)
1495         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id, u'Downloading Youtube mix')
1496         search_title = lambda class_name: get_element_by_attribute('class', class_name, webpage)
1497         title_span = (search_title('playlist-title') or
1498             search_title('title long-title') or search_title('title'))
1499         title = clean_html(title_span)
1500         video_re = r'''(?x)data-video-username="(.*?)".*?
1501                        href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s''' % re.escape(playlist_id)
1502         matches = orderedSet(re.findall(video_re, webpage, flags=re.DOTALL))
1503         # Some of the videos may have been deleted, their username field is empty
1504         ids = [video_id for (username, video_id) in matches if username]
1505         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
1506
1507         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
1508
1509     def _real_extract(self, url):
1510         # Extract playlist id
1511         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1512         if mobj is None:
1513             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1514         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
1515
1516         # Check if it's a video-specific URL
1517         query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
1518         if 'v' in query_dict:
1519             video_id = query_dict['v'][0]
1520             if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1521                 self.to_screen(u'Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1522                 return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1523             else:
1524                 self.to_screen(u'Downloading playlist PL%s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
1525
1526         if playlist_id.startswith('RD'):
1527             # Mixes require a custom extraction process
1528             return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
1529         if playlist_id.startswith('TL'):
1530             raise ExtractorError(u'For downloading YouTube.com top lists, use '
1531                 u'the "yttoplist" keyword, for example "youtube-dl \'yttoplist:music:Top Tracks\'"', expected=True)
1532
1533         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % playlist_id
1534         page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
1535         more_widget_html = content_html = page
1536
1537         # Extract the video ids from the playlist pages
1538         ids = []
1539
1540         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
1541             matches = re.finditer(self._VIDEO_RE, content_html)
1542             # We remove the duplicates and the link with index 0
1543             # (it's not the first video of the playlist)
1544             new_ids = orderedSet(m.group('id') for m in matches if m.group('index') != '0')
1545             ids.extend(new_ids)
1546
1547             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
1548             if not mobj:
1549                 break
1550
1551             more = self._download_json(
1552                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), playlist_id, 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num)
1553             content_html = more['content_html']
1554             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
1555
1556         playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
1557                 r'<h1 class="pl-header-title">\s*(.*?)\s*</h1>', page, u'title')
1558
1559         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
1560         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, playlist_title)
1561
1562
1563 class YoutubeTopListIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
1564     IE_NAME = u'youtube:toplist'
1565     IE_DESC = (u'YouTube.com top lists, "yttoplist:{channel}:{list title}"'
1566         u' (Example: "yttoplist:music:Top Tracks")')
1567     _VALID_URL = r'yttoplist:(?P<chann>.*?):(?P<title>.*?)$'
1568
1569     def _real_extract(self, url):
1570         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1571         channel = mobj.group('chann')
1572         title = mobj.group('title')
1573         query = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({'title': title})
1574         playlist_re = 'href="([^"]+?%s.*?)"' % re.escape(query)
1575         channel_page = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/%s' % channel, title)
1576         link = self._html_search_regex(playlist_re, channel_page, u'list')
1577         url = compat_urlparse.urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', link)
1578
1579         video_re = r'data-index="\d+".*?data-video-id="([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})"'
1580         ids = []
1581         # sometimes the webpage doesn't contain the videos
1582         # retry until we get them
1583         for i in itertools.count(0):
1584             msg = u'Downloading Youtube mix'
1585             if i > 0:
1586                 msg += ', retry #%d' % i
1587             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, title, msg)
1588             ids = orderedSet(re.findall(video_re, webpage))
1589             if ids:
1590                 break
1591         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
1592         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_title=title)
1593
1594
1595 class YoutubeChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
1596     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com channels'
1597     _VALID_URL = r"^(?:https?://)?(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com)/channel/([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)"
1598     _MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR = 'yt-uix-load-more'
1599     _MORE_PAGES_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/c4_browse_ajax?action_load_more_videos=1&flow=list&paging=%s&view=0&sort=da&channel_id=%s'
1600     IE_NAME = u'youtube:channel'
1601
1602     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
1603         ids_in_page = []
1604         for mobj in re.finditer(r'href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)&?', page):
1605             if mobj.group(1) not in ids_in_page:
1606                 ids_in_page.append(mobj.group(1))
1607         return ids_in_page
1608
1609     def _real_extract(self, url):
1610         # Extract channel id
1611         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1612         if mobj is None:
1613             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1614
1615         # Download channel page
1616         channel_id = mobj.group(1)
1617         video_ids = []
1618         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos' % channel_id
1619         channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id)
1620         autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
1621                 class="[^"]*?(?:
1622                     channel-header-autogenerated-label|
1623                     yt-channel-title-autogenerated
1624                 )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
1625
1626         if autogenerated:
1627             # The videos are contained in a single page
1628             # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
1629             video_ids = self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)
1630         else:
1631             # Download all channel pages using the json-based channel_ajax query
1632             for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
1633                 url = self._MORE_PAGES_URL % (pagenum, channel_id)
1634                 page = self._download_json(
1635                     url, channel_id, note=u'Downloading page #%s' % pagenum,
1636                     transform_source=uppercase_escape)
1637
1638                 ids_in_page = self.extract_videos_from_page(page['content_html'])
1639                 video_ids.extend(ids_in_page)
1640
1641                 if self._MORE_PAGES_INDICATOR not in page['load_more_widget_html']:
1642                     break
1643
1644         self._downloader.to_screen(u'[youtube] Channel %s: Found %i videos' % (channel_id, len(video_ids)))
1645
1646         url_entries = [self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1647                        for video_id in video_ids]
1648         return self.playlist_result(url_entries, channel_id)
1649
1650
1651 class YoutubeUserIE(InfoExtractor):
1652     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
1653     _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:(?:https?://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch|results)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
1654     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s'
1655     _GDATA_PAGE_SIZE = 50
1656     _GDATA_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/users/%s/uploads?max-results=%d&start-index=%d&alt=json'
1657     IE_NAME = u'youtube:user'
1658
1659     @classmethod
1660     def suitable(cls, url):
1661         # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
1662         # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
1663         other_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
1664         if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_ies): return False
1665         else: return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
1666
1667     def _real_extract(self, url):
1668         # Extract username
1669         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1670         if mobj is None:
1671             raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1672
1673         username = mobj.group(1)
1674
1675         # Download video ids using YouTube Data API. Result size per
1676         # query is limited (currently to 50 videos) so we need to query
1677         # page by page until there are no video ids - it means we got
1678         # all of them.
1679
1680         def download_page(pagenum):
1681             start_index = pagenum * self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE + 1
1682
1683             gdata_url = self._GDATA_URL % (username, self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE, start_index)
1684             page = self._download_webpage(
1685                 gdata_url, username,
1686                 u'Downloading video ids from %d to %d' % (
1687                     start_index, start_index + self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE))
1688
1689             try:
1690                 response = json.loads(page)
1691             except ValueError as err:
1692                 raise ExtractorError(u'Invalid JSON in API response: ' + compat_str(err))
1693             if 'entry' not in response['feed']:
1694                 return
1695
1696             # Extract video identifiers
1697             entries = response['feed']['entry']
1698             for entry in entries:
1699                 title = entry['title']['$t']
1700                 video_id = entry['id']['$t'].split('/')[-1]
1701                 yield {
1702                     '_type': 'url',
1703                     'url': video_id,
1704                     'ie_key': 'Youtube',
1705                     'id': video_id,
1706                     'title': title,
1707                 }
1708         url_results = PagedList(download_page, self._GDATA_PAGE_SIZE)
1709
1710         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_title=username)
1711
1712
1713 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor):
1714     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com searches'
1715     _API_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?q=%s&start-index=%i&max-results=50&v=2&alt=jsonc'
1716     _MAX_RESULTS = 1000
1717     IE_NAME = u'youtube:search'
1718     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
1719
1720     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
1721         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
1722
1723         video_ids = []
1724         pagenum = 0
1725         limit = n
1726
1727         while (50 * pagenum) < limit:
1728             result_url = self._API_URL % (compat_urllib_parse.quote_plus(query), (50*pagenum)+1)
1729             data_json = self._download_webpage(
1730                 result_url, video_id=u'query "%s"' % query,
1731                 note=u'Downloading page %s' % (pagenum + 1),
1732                 errnote=u'Unable to download API page')
1733             data = json.loads(data_json)
1734             api_response = data['data']
1735
1736             if 'items' not in api_response:
1737                 raise ExtractorError(
1738                     u'[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
1739
1740             new_ids = list(video['id'] for video in api_response['items'])
1741             video_ids += new_ids
1742
1743             limit = min(n, api_response['totalItems'])
1744             pagenum += 1
1745
1746         if len(video_ids) > n:
1747             video_ids = video_ids[:n]
1748         videos = [self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1749                   for video_id in video_ids]
1750         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
1751
1752
1753 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
1754     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
1755     _API_URL = 'https://gdata.youtube.com/feeds/api/videos?q=%s&start-index=%i&max-results=50&v=2&alt=jsonc&orderby=published'
1756     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
1757     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
1758
1759
1760 class YoutubeSearchURLIE(InfoExtractor):
1761     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com search URLs'
1762     IE_NAME = u'youtube:search_url'
1763     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?search_query=(?P<query>[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
1764
1765     def _real_extract(self, url):
1766         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1767         query = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(mobj.group('query'))
1768
1769         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, query)
1770         result_code = self._search_regex(
1771             r'(?s)<ol id="search-results"(.*?)</ol>', webpage, u'result HTML')
1772
1773         part_codes = re.findall(
1774             r'(?s)<h3 class="yt-lockup-title">(.*?)</h3>', result_code)
1775         entries = []
1776         for part_code in part_codes:
1777             part_title = self._html_search_regex(
1778                 r'(?s)title="([^"]+)"', part_code, 'item title', fatal=False)
1779             part_url_snippet = self._html_search_regex(
1780                 r'(?s)href="([^"]+)"', part_code, 'item URL')
1781             part_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
1782                 'https://www.youtube.com/', part_url_snippet)
1783             entries.append({
1784                 '_type': 'url',
1785                 'url': part_url,
1786                 'title': part_title,
1787             })
1788
1789         return {
1790             '_type': 'playlist',
1791             'entries': entries,
1792             'title': query,
1793         }
1794
1795
1796 class YoutubeShowIE(InfoExtractor):
1797     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
1798     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/show/(.*)'
1799     IE_NAME = u'youtube:show'
1800
1801     def _real_extract(self, url):
1802         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1803         show_name = mobj.group(1)
1804         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, show_name, u'Downloading show webpage')
1805         # There's one playlist for each season of the show
1806         m_seasons = list(re.finditer(r'href="(/playlist\?list=.*?)"', webpage))
1807         self.to_screen(u'%s: Found %s seasons' % (show_name, len(m_seasons)))
1808         return [self.url_result('https://www.youtube.com' + season.group(1), 'YoutubePlaylist') for season in m_seasons]
1809
1810
1811 class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1812     """
1813     Base class for extractors that fetch info from
1814     http://www.youtube.com/feed_ajax
1815     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
1816     """
1817     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
1818     # use action_load_personal_feed instead of action_load_system_feed
1819     _PERSONAL_FEED = False
1820
1821     @property
1822     def _FEED_TEMPLATE(self):
1823         action = 'action_load_system_feed'
1824         if self._PERSONAL_FEED:
1825             action = 'action_load_personal_feed'
1826         return 'https://www.youtube.com/feed_ajax?%s=1&feed_name=%s&paging=%%s' % (action, self._FEED_NAME)
1827
1828     @property
1829     def IE_NAME(self):
1830         return u'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
1831
1832     def _real_initialize(self):
1833         self._login()
1834
1835     def _real_extract(self, url):
1836         feed_entries = []
1837         paging = 0
1838         for i in itertools.count(1):
1839             info = self._download_webpage(self._FEED_TEMPLATE % paging,
1840                                           u'%s feed' % self._FEED_NAME,
1841                                           u'Downloading page %s' % i)
1842             info = json.loads(info)
1843             feed_html = info['feed_html']
1844             m_ids = re.finditer(r'"/watch\?v=(.*?)["&]', feed_html)
1845             ids = orderedSet(m.group(1) for m in m_ids)
1846             feed_entries.extend(
1847                 self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1848                 for video_id in ids)
1849             if info['paging'] is None:
1850                 break
1851             paging = info['paging']
1852         return self.playlist_result(feed_entries, playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
1853
1854 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1855     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword(requires authentication)'
1856     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
1857     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
1858     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Subscriptions'
1859
1860 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1861     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com recommended videos, "ytrec" keyword (requires authentication)'
1862     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
1863     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
1864     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Recommended videos'
1865
1866 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1867     IE_DESC = u'Youtube watch later list, "ytwatchlater" keyword (requires authentication)'
1868     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/watch_later|:ytwatchlater'
1869     _FEED_NAME = 'watch_later'
1870     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Watch Later'
1871     _PERSONAL_FEED = True
1872
1873 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1874     IE_DESC = u'Youtube watch history, "ythistory" keyword (requires authentication)'
1875     _VALID_URL = u'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
1876     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
1877     _PERSONAL_FEED = True
1878     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = u'Youtube Watch History'
1879
1880 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1881     IE_NAME = u'youtube:favorites'
1882     IE_DESC = u'YouTube.com favourite videos, "ytfav" keyword (requires authentication)'
1883     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
1884     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
1885
1886     def _real_extract(self, url):
1887         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
1888         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, u'favourites playlist id')
1889         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
1890
1891
1892 class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
1893     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
1894     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
1895     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
1896         (?:https?://)?[^/]+/watch\?(?:feature=[a-z_]+)?$|
1897         (?:https?://)?(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/attribution_link\?a=[^&]+$
1898     '''
1899
1900     def _real_extract(self, url):
1901         raise ExtractorError(
1902             u'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
1903             u'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
1904             u'like  youtube-dl '
1905             u'"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
1906             u' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
1907             expected=True)