youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2
   3 from __future__ import unicode_literals
   4
   5
   6 import itertools
   7 import json
   8 import os.path
   9 import re
  10 import time
  11 import traceback
  12
  13 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  14 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
  15 from ..swfinterp import SWFInterpreter
  16 from ..compat import (
  17     compat_chr,
  18     compat_parse_qs,
  19     compat_urllib_parse,
  20     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
  21     compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
  22     compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
  23     compat_urlparse,
  24     compat_str,
  25 )
  26 from ..utils import (
  27     clean_html,
  28     encode_dict,
  29     ExtractorError,
  30     float_or_none,
  31     get_element_by_attribute,
  32     get_element_by_id,
  33     int_or_none,
  34     orderedSet,
  35     parse_duration,
  36     remove_start,
  37     sanitized_Request,
  38     smuggle_url,
  39     str_to_int,
  40     unescapeHTML,
  41     unified_strdate,
  42     unsmuggle_url,
  43     uppercase_escape,
  44     ISO3166Utils,
  45 )
  46
  47
  48 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
  49     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
  50     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  51     _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/signin/challenge'
  52     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
  53     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
  54     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  55
  56     def _set_language(self):
  57         self._set_cookie(
  58             '.youtube.com', 'PREF', 'f1=50000000&hl=en',
  59             # YouTube sets the expire time to about two months
  60             expire_time=time.time() + 2 * 30 * 24 * 3600)
  61
  62     def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
  63         return [
  64             self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
  65             for vid_id in ids]
  66
  67     def _login(self):
  68         """
  69         Attempt to log in to YouTube.
  70         True is returned if successful or skipped.
  71         False is returned if login failed.
  72
  73         If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
  74         """
  75         (username, password) = self._get_login_info()
  76         # No authentication to be performed
  77         if username is None:
  78             if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED:
  79                 raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
  80             return True
  81
  82         login_page = self._download_webpage(
  83             self._LOGIN_URL, None,
  84             note='Downloading login page',
  85             errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
  86         if login_page is False:
  87             return
  88
  89         galx = self._search_regex(r'(?s)<input.+?name="GALX".+?value="(.+?)"',
  90                                   login_page, 'Login GALX parameter')
  91
  92         # Log in
  93         login_form_strs = {
  94             'continue': 'https://www.youtube.com/signin?action_handle_signin=true&feature=sign_in_button&hl=en_US&nomobiletemp=1',
  95             'Email': username,
  96             'GALX': galx,
  97             'Passwd': password,
  98
  99             'PersistentCookie': 'yes',
 100             '_utf8': '霱',
 101             'bgresponse': 'js_disabled',
 102             'checkConnection': '',
 103             'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
 104             'dnConn': '',
 105             'pstMsg': '0',
 106             'rmShown': '1',
 107             'secTok': '',
 108             'signIn': 'Sign in',
 109             'timeStmp': '',
 110             'service': 'youtube',
 111             'uilel': '3',
 112             'hl': 'en_US',
 113         }
 114
 115         login_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(encode_dict(login_form_strs)).encode('ascii')
 116
 117         req = sanitized_Request(self._LOGIN_URL, login_data)
 118         login_results = self._download_webpage(
 119             req, None,
 120             note='Logging in', errnote='unable to log in', fatal=False)
 121         if login_results is False:
 122             return False
 123
 124         if re.search(r'id="errormsg_0_Passwd"', login_results) is not None:
 125             raise ExtractorError('Please use your account password and a two-factor code instead of an application-specific password.', expected=True)
 126
 127         # Two-Factor
 128         # TODO add SMS and phone call support - these require making a request and then prompting the user
 129
 130         if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="challenge"', login_results) is not None:
 131             tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info('2-step verification code')
 132
 133             if not tfa_code:
 134                 self._downloader.report_warning(
 135                     'Two-factor authentication required. Provide it either interactively or with --twofactor <code>'
 136                     '(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
 137                 return False
 138
 139             tfa_code = remove_start(tfa_code, 'G-')
 140
 141             tfa_form_strs = self._form_hidden_inputs('challenge', login_results)
 142
 143             tfa_form_strs.update({
 144                 'Pin': tfa_code,
 145                 'TrustDevice': 'on',
 146             })
 147
 148             tfa_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(encode_dict(tfa_form_strs)).encode('ascii')
 149
 150             tfa_req = sanitized_Request(self._TWOFACTOR_URL, tfa_data)
 151             tfa_results = self._download_webpage(
 152                 tfa_req, None,
 153                 note='Submitting TFA code', errnote='unable to submit tfa', fatal=False)
 154
 155             if tfa_results is False:
 156                 return False
 157
 158             if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="challenge"', tfa_results) is not None:
 159                 self._downloader.report_warning('Two-factor code expired or invalid. Please try again, or use a one-use backup code instead.')
 160                 return False
 161             if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', tfa_results) is not None:
 162                 self._downloader.report_warning('unable to log in - did the page structure change?')
 163                 return False
 164             if re.search(r'smsauth-interstitial-reviewsettings', tfa_results) is not None:
 165                 self._downloader.report_warning('Your Google account has a security notice. Please log in on your web browser, resolve the notice, and try again.')
 166                 return False
 167
 168         if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', login_results) is not None:
 169             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to log in: bad username or password')
 170             return False
 171         return True
 172
 173     def _real_initialize(self):
 174         if self._downloader is None:
 175             return
 176         self._set_language()
 177         if not self._login():
 178             return
 179
 180
 181 class YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
 182     # Extract entries from page with "Load more" button
 183     def _entries(self, page, playlist_id):
 184         more_widget_html = content_html = page
 185         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
 186             for entry in self._process_page(content_html):
 187                 yield entry
 188
 189             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
 190             if not mobj:
 191                 break
 192
 193             more = self._download_json(
 194                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), playlist_id,
 195                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
 196                 transform_source=uppercase_escape)
 197             content_html = more['content_html']
 198             if not content_html.strip():
 199                 # Some webpages show a "Load more" button but they don't
 200                 # have more videos
 201                 break
 202             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
 203
 204
 205 class YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 206     def _process_page(self, content):
 207         for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(content):
 208             yield self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id, video_title)
 209
 210     def extract_videos_from_page(self, page):
 211         ids_in_page = []
 212         titles_in_page = []
 213         for mobj in re.finditer(self._VIDEO_RE, page):
 214             # The link with index 0 is not the first video of the playlist (not sure if still actual)
 215             if 'index' in mobj.groupdict() and mobj.group('id') == '0':
 216                 continue
 217             video_id = mobj.group('id')
 218             video_title = unescapeHTML(mobj.group('title'))
 219             if video_title:
 220                 video_title = video_title.strip()
 221             try:
 222                 idx = ids_in_page.index(video_id)
 223                 if video_title and not titles_in_page[idx]:
 224                     titles_in_page[idx] = video_title
 225             except ValueError:
 226                 ids_in_page.append(video_id)
 227                 titles_in_page.append(video_title)
 228         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
 229
 230
 231 class YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeEntryListBaseInfoExtractor):
 232     def _process_page(self, content):
 233         for playlist_id in re.findall(r'href="/?playlist\?list=(.+?)"', content):
 234             yield self.url_result(
 235                 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
 236
 237     def _real_extract(self, url):
 238         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
 239         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
 240         title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False)
 241         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(webpage, playlist_id), playlist_id, title)
 242
 243
 244 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 245     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
 246     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
 247                      (
 248                          (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
 249                          (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
 250                             (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
 251                             (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
 252                             (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com/|
 253                             tube\.majestyc\.net/|
 254                             youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
 255                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
 256                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
 257                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
 258                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
 259                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
 260                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
 261                                  (?:.*?&)??                                   # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx)
 262                                  v=
 263                              )
 264                          ))
 265                          |(?:
 266                             youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
 267                             vid\.plus                                         # or vid.plus/xxxx
 268                          )/
 269                          |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
 270                          )
 271                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
 272                      ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
 273                      (?!.*?&list=)                                            # combined list/video URLs are handled by the playlist IE
 274                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
 275                      $"""
 276     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
 277     _formats = {
 278         '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240},
 279         '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270},
 280         '13': {'ext': '3gp'},
 281         '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144},
 282         '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 283         '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
 284         '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 285         '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 286         '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'height': 240},
 287         '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
 288         '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072},
 289         '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 290         '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 291         '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
 292         '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
 293         '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 294         '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 295
 296
 297         # 3d videos
 298         '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 299         '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 300         '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 301         '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 302         '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 303         '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 304         '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 305
 306         # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 307         '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 308         '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 309         '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 310         '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 311         '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 312         '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 313         '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 314
 315         # DASH mp4 video
 316         '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 317         '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 318         '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 319         '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 320         '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 321         '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
 322         '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 323         '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 324         '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 325         '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 326         '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 327
 328         # Dash mp4 audio
 329         '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 48, 'preference': -50, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 330         '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 128, 'preference': -50, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 331         '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 332
 333         # Dash webm
 334         '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -40},
 335         '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -40},
 336         '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -40},
 337         '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -40},
 338         '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -40},
 339         '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -40},
 340         '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 341         '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 342         '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 343         '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 344         '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 345         '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 346         '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 347         '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 348         '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 349         '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 350         '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 351         '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 352         '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 353         '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 354         '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
 355
 356         # Dash webm audio
 357         '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128, 'preference': -50},
 358         '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50},
 359
 360         # Dash webm audio with opus inside
 361         '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50, 'preference': -50},
 362         '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70, 'preference': -50},
 363         '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160, 'preference': -50},
 364
 365         # RTMP (unnamed)
 366         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 367     }
 368
 369     IE_NAME = 'youtube'
 370     _TESTS = [
 371         {
 372             'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj&t=1s&end=9',
 373             'info_dict': {
 374                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 375                 'ext': 'mp4',
 376                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 377                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 378                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 379                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 380                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 381                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 382                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 383                 'like_count': int,
 384                 'dislike_count': int,
 385                 'start_time': 1,
 386                 'end_time': 9,
 387             }
 388         },
 389         {
 390             'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 391             'note': 'Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)',
 392             'info_dict': {
 393                 'id': 'UxxajLWwzqY',
 394                 'ext': 'mp4',
 395                 'upload_date': '20120506',
 396                 'title': 'Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]',
 397                 'description': 'md5:782e8651347686cba06e58f71ab51773',
 398                 'tags': ['Icona Pop i love it', 'sweden', 'pop music', 'big beat records', 'big beat', 'charli',
 399                          'xcx', 'charli xcx', 'girls', 'hbo', 'i love it', "i don't care", 'icona', 'pop',
 400                          'iconic ep', 'iconic', 'love', 'it'],
 401                 'uploader': 'Icona Pop',
 402                 'uploader_id': 'IconaPop',
 403             }
 404         },
 405         {
 406             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ',
 407             'note': 'Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)',
 408             'info_dict': {
 409                 'id': '07FYdnEawAQ',
 410                 'ext': 'mp4',
 411                 'upload_date': '20130703',
 412                 'title': 'Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Explicit)',
 413                 'description': 'md5:64249768eec3bc4276236606ea996373',
 414                 'uploader': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 415                 'uploader_id': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 416                 'age_limit': 18,
 417             }
 418         },
 419         {
 420             'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 421             'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
 422             'info_dict': {
 423                 'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 424                 'ext': 'mp4',
 425                 'upload_date': '20120608',
 426                 'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
 427                 'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
 428                 'uploader': 'SET India',
 429                 'uploader_id': 'setindia',
 430                 'age_limit': 18,
 431             }
 432         },
 433         {
 434             'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKcj&v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 435             'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
 436             'info_dict': {
 437                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 438                 'ext': 'mp4',
 439                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 440                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 441                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 442                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 443                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 444                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 445                 'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
 446                 'like_count': int,
 447                 'dislike_count': int,
 448             },
 449             'params': {
 450                 'skip_download': True,
 451             },
 452         },
 453         {
 454             'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
 455             'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
 456             'info_dict': {
 457                 'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
 458                 'ext': 'm4a',
 459                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 460                 'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
 461                 'description': '',
 462                 'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
 463                 'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
 464             },
 465             'params': {
 466                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 467                 'format': '141',
 468             },
 469         },
 470         # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
 471         {
 472             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
 473             'info_dict': {
 474                 'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
 475                 'ext': 'm4a',
 476                 'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark ft. Spree Wilson',
 477                 'description': 'md5:12e7067fa6735a77bdcbb58cb1187d2d',
 478                 'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 479                 'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 480                 'upload_date': '20131011',
 481             },
 482             'params': {
 483                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 484                 'format': '141',
 485             },
 486         },
 487         # JS player signature function name containing $
 488         {
 489             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM',
 490             'info_dict': {
 491                 'id': 'nfWlot6h_JM',
 492                 'ext': 'm4a',
 493                 'title': 'Taylor Swift - Shake It Off',
 494                 'description': 'md5:95f66187cd7c8b2c13eb78e1223b63c3',
 495                 'uploader': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 496                 'uploader_id': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 497                 'upload_date': '20140818',
 498             },
 499             'params': {
 500                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 501                 'format': '141',
 502             },
 503         },
 504         # Controversy video
 505         {
 506             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4XJQO3qol8',
 507             'info_dict': {
 508                 'id': 'T4XJQO3qol8',
 509                 'ext': 'mp4',
 510                 'upload_date': '20100909',
 511                 'uploader': 'The Amazing Atheist',
 512                 'uploader_id': 'TheAmazingAtheist',
 513                 'title': 'Burning Everyone\'s Koran',
 514                 'description': 'SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/saturninefilms\n\nEven Obama has taken a stand against freedom on this issue: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/obama-gma-interview-quran_n_710282.html',
 515             }
 516         },
 517         # Normal age-gate video (No vevo, embed allowed)
 518         {
 519             'url': 'http://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
 520             'info_dict': {
 521                 'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
 522                 'ext': 'mp4',
 523                 'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
 524                 'description': 're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
 525                 'uploader': 'The Witcher',
 526                 'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
 527                 'upload_date': '20140605',
 528                 'age_limit': 18,
 529             },
 530         },
 531         # Age-gate video with encrypted signature
 532         {
 533             'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kLq3WMV1nU',
 534             'info_dict': {
 535                 'id': '6kLq3WMV1nU',
 536                 'ext': 'mp4',
 537                 'title': 'Dedication To My Ex (Miss That) (Lyric Video)',
 538                 'description': 'md5:33765bb339e1b47e7e72b5490139bb41',
 539                 'uploader': 'LloydVEVO',
 540                 'uploader_id': 'LloydVEVO',
 541                 'upload_date': '20110629',
 542                 'age_limit': 18,
 543             },
 544         },
 545         # video_info is None (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
 546         {
 547             'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 548             'info_dict': {
 549                 'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 550                 'ext': 'mp4',
 551                 'upload_date': '20100430',
 552                 'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
 553                 'description': 'md5:12c56784b8032162bb936a5f76d55360',
 554                 'uploader': 'deadmau5',
 555                 'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
 556             },
 557             'expected_warnings': [
 558                 'DASH manifest missing',
 559             ]
 560         },
 561         # Olympics (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
 562         {
 563             'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 564             'info_dict': {
 565                 'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 566                 'ext': 'mp4',
 567                 'upload_date': '20150827',
 568                 'uploader_id': 'olympic',
 569                 'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 570                 'uploader': 'Olympics',
 571                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 572             },
 573             'params': {
 574                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 575             }
 576         },
 577         # Non-square pixels
 578         {
 579             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
 580             'info_dict': {
 581                 'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
 582                 'ext': 'mp4',
 583                 'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
 584                 'upload_date': '20110310',
 585                 'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
 586                 'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
 587                 'uploader': '孫艾倫',
 588                 'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
 589             },
 590         },
 591         # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
 592         {
 593             'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 594             'info_dict': {
 595                 'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 596                 'ext': 'webm',
 597                 'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
 598                 'description': '',
 599                 'upload_date': '20150404',
 600                 'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
 601                 'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
 602             },
 603             'params': {
 604                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 605             }
 606         },
 607         # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
 608         {
 609             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 610             'info_dict': {
 611                 'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
 612                 'ext': 'mp4',
 613                 'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
 614                 'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
 615                 'upload_date': '20150625',
 616                 'uploader_id': 'dorappi2000',
 617                 'uploader': 'dorappi2000',
 618                 'formats': 'mincount:33',
 619             },
 620         },
 621         # DASH manifest with segment_list
 622         {
 623             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
 624             'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
 625             'info_dict': {
 626                 'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
 627                 'ext': 'mp4',
 628                 'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
 629                 'uploader': 'Airtek',
 630                 'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
 631                 'uploader_id': 'UCzTzUmjXxxacNnL8I3m4LnQ',
 632                 'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
 633             },
 634             'params': {
 635                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 636                 'format': '135',  # bestvideo
 637             }
 638         },
 639         {
 640             # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL is for Main Camera
 641             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqWvoWXjCVs',
 642             'info_dict': {
 643                 'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 644                 'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream',
 645                 'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 646             },
 647             'playlist': [{
 648                 'info_dict': {
 649                     'id': 'jqWvoWXjCVs',
 650                     'ext': 'mp4',
 651                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (Main Camera)',
 652                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 653                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 654                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 655                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 656                 },
 657             }, {
 658                 'info_dict': {
 659                     'id': '6h8e8xoXJzg',
 660                     'ext': 'mp4',
 661                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (kreestuh)',
 662                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 663                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 664                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 665                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 666                 },
 667             }, {
 668                 'info_dict': {
 669                     'id': 'PUOgX5z9xZw',
 670                     'ext': 'mp4',
 671                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (grizzle)',
 672                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 673                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 674                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 675                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 676                 },
 677             }, {
 678                 'info_dict': {
 679                     'id': 'teuwxikvS5k',
 680                     'ext': 'mp4',
 681                     'title': 'teamPGP: Rocket League Noob Stream (zim)',
 682                     'description': 'md5:dc7872fb300e143831327f1bae3af010',
 683                     'upload_date': '20150721',
 684                     'uploader': 'Beer Games Beer',
 685                     'uploader_id': 'beergamesbeer',
 686                 },
 687             }],
 688             'params': {
 689                 'skip_download': True,
 690             },
 691         },
 692         {
 693             'url': 'http://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
 694             'only_matching': True,
 695         },
 696         {
 697             # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 698             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
 699             'info_dict': {
 700                 'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
 701                 'ext': 'mp4',
 702                 'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
 703                 'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
 704                 'upload_date': '20151119',
 705                 'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
 706                 'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
 707             },
 708             'params': {
 709                 'skip_download': True,
 710             },
 711         },
 712         {
 713             # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
 714             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
 715             'only_matching': True,
 716         },
 717         {
 718             # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
 719             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
 720             'info_dict': {
 721                 'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
 722                 'ext': 'mp4',
 723                 'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
 724                 'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
 725                 'upload_date': '20151107',
 726                 'uploader_id': 'UCCr7TALkRbo3EtFzETQF1LA',
 727                 'uploader': 'CH GAMER DROID',
 728             },
 729             'params': {
 730                 'skip_download': True,
 731             },
 732         },
 733     ]
 734
 735     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 736         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 737         self._player_cache = {}
 738
 739     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
 740         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
 741         self.to_screen('%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
 742
 743     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
 744         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
 745         self.to_screen('%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
 746
 747     def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
 748         """Report extracted video URL."""
 749         self.to_screen('%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
 750
 751     def report_rtmp_download(self):
 752         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
 753         self.to_screen('RTMP download detected')
 754
 755     def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
 756         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
 757         return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
 758
 759     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
 760         id_m = re.match(
 761             r'.*?-(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/watch_as3|/html5player(?:-new)?|/base)?\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 762             player_url)
 763         if not id_m:
 764             raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
 765         player_type = id_m.group('ext')
 766         player_id = id_m.group('id')
 767
 768         # Read from filesystem cache
 769         func_id = '%s_%s_%s' % (
 770             player_type, player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
 771         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
 772
 773         cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
 774         if cache_spec is not None:
 775             return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
 776
 777         download_note = (
 778             'Downloading player %s' % player_url
 779             if self._downloader.params.get('verbose') else
 780             'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id)
 781         )
 782         if player_type == 'js':
 783             code = self._download_webpage(
 784                 player_url, video_id,
 785                 note=download_note,
 786                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
 787             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
 788         elif player_type == 'swf':
 789             urlh = self._request_webpage(
 790                 player_url, video_id,
 791                 note=download_note,
 792                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
 793             code = urlh.read()
 794             res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
 795         else:
 796             assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
 797
 798         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
 799         cache_res = res(test_string)
 800         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
 801
 802         self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
 803         return res
 804
 805     def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
 806         def gen_sig_code(idxs):
 807             def _genslice(start, end, step):
 808                 starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
 809                 ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
 810                 steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
 811                 return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
 812
 813             step = None
 814             # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
 815             start = '(Never used)'
 816             for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
 817                 if step is not None:
 818                     if i - prev == step:
 819                         continue
 820                     yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
 821                     step = None
 822                     continue
 823                 if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
 824                     step = i - prev
 825                     start = prev
 826                     continue
 827                 else:
 828                     yield 's[%d]' % prev
 829             if step is None:
 830                 yield 's[%d]' % i
 831             else:
 832                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
 833
 834         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
 835         cache_res = func(test_string)
 836         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
 837         expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
 838         signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
 839             ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
 840         code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
 841                 '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
 842         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
 843
 844     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
 845         funcname = self._search_regex(
 846             r'\.sig\|\|([a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(', jscode,
 847             'Initial JS player signature function name')
 848
 849         jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
 850         initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
 851         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
 852
 853     def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
 854         swfi = SWFInterpreter(file_contents)
 855         TARGET_CLASSNAME = 'SignatureDecipher'
 856         searched_class = swfi.extract_class(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
 857         initial_function = swfi.extract_function(searched_class, 'decipher')
 858         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
 859
 860     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
 861         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
 862
 863         if player_url is None:
 864             raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')
 865
 866         if player_url.startswith('//'):
 867             player_url = 'https:' + player_url
 868         try:
 869             player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
 870             if player_id not in self._player_cache:
 871                 func = self._extract_signature_function(
 872                     video_id, player_url, s
 873                 )
 874                 self._player_cache[player_id] = func
 875             func = self._player_cache[player_id]
 876             if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
 877                 self._print_sig_code(func, s)
 878             return func(s)
 879         except Exception as e:
 880             tb = traceback.format_exc()
 881             raise ExtractorError(
 882                 'Signature extraction failed: ' + tb, cause=e)
 883
 884     def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
 885         try:
 886             subs_doc = self._download_xml(
 887                 'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
 888                 video_id, note=False)
 889         except ExtractorError as err:
 890             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to download video subtitles: %s' % compat_str(err))
 891             return {}
 892
 893         sub_lang_list = {}
 894         for track in subs_doc.findall('track'):
 895             lang = track.attrib['lang_code']
 896             if lang in sub_lang_list:
 897                 continue
 898             sub_formats = []
 899             for ext in ['sbv', 'vtt', 'srt']:
 900                 params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
 901                     'lang': lang,
 902                     'v': video_id,
 903                     'fmt': ext,
 904                     'name': track.attrib['name'].encode('utf-8'),
 905                 })
 906                 sub_formats.append({
 907                     'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params,
 908                     'ext': ext,
 909                 })
 910             sub_lang_list[lang] = sub_formats
 911         if not sub_lang_list:
 912             self._downloader.report_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
 913             return {}
 914         return sub_lang_list
 915
 916     def _get_ytplayer_config(self, video_id, webpage):
 917         patterns = (
 918             # User data may contain arbitrary character sequences that may affect
 919             # JSON extraction with regex, e.g. when '};' is contained the second
 920             # regex won't capture the whole JSON. Yet working around by trying more
 921             # concrete regex first keeping in mind proper quoted string handling
 922             # to be implemented in future that will replace this workaround (see
 923             # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7468,
 924             # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/7599)
 925             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});ytplayer',
 926             r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.+?});',
 927         )
 928         config = self._search_regex(
 929             patterns, webpage, 'ytplayer.config', default=None)
 930         if config:
 931             return self._parse_json(
 932                 uppercase_escape(config), video_id, fatal=False)
 933
 934     def _get_automatic_captions(self, video_id, webpage):
 935         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
 936            argument to speed up the process."""
 937         self.to_screen('%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
 938         player_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, webpage)
 939         err_msg = 'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
 940         if not player_config:
 941             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
 942             return {}
 943         try:
 944             args = player_config['args']
 945             caption_url = args['ttsurl']
 946             timestamp = args['timestamp']
 947             # We get the available subtitles
 948             list_params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
 949                 'type': 'list',
 950                 'tlangs': 1,
 951                 'asrs': 1,
 952             })
 953             list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
 954             caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
 955             original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
 956             if original_lang_node is None:
 957                 self._downloader.report_warning('Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
 958                 return {}
 959             original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
 960             caption_kind = original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind', '')
 961
 962             sub_lang_list = {}
 963             for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
 964                 sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
 965                 sub_formats = []
 966                 for ext in ['sbv', 'vtt', 'srt']:
 967                     params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
 968                         'lang': original_lang,
 969                         'tlang': sub_lang,
 970                         'fmt': ext,
 971                         'ts': timestamp,
 972                         'kind': caption_kind,
 973                     })
 974                     sub_formats.append({
 975                         'url': caption_url + '&' + params,
 976                         'ext': ext,
 977                     })
 978                 sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = sub_formats
 979             return sub_lang_list
 980         # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
 981         # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
 982         except (KeyError, ExtractorError):
 983             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
 984             return {}
 985
 986     @classmethod
 987     def extract_id(cls, url):
 988         mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
 989         if mobj is None:
 990             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
 991         video_id = mobj.group(2)
 992         return video_id
 993
 994     def _extract_from_m3u8(self, manifest_url, video_id):
 995         url_map = {}
 996
 997         def _get_urls(_manifest):
 998             lines = _manifest.split('\n')
 999             urls = filter(lambda l: l and not l.startswith('#'),
1000                           lines)
1001             return urls
1002         manifest = self._download_webpage(manifest_url, video_id, 'Downloading formats manifest')
1003         formats_urls = _get_urls(manifest)
1004         for format_url in formats_urls:
1005             itag = self._search_regex(r'itag/(\d+?)/', format_url, 'itag')
1006             url_map[itag] = format_url
1007         return url_map
1008
1009     def _extract_annotations(self, video_id):
1010         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/annotations_invideo?features=1&legacy=1&video_id=%s' % video_id
1011         return self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note='Searching for annotations.', errnote='Unable to download video annotations.')
1012
1013     def _parse_dash_manifest(
1014             self, video_id, dash_manifest_url, player_url, age_gate, fatal=True):
1015         def decrypt_sig(mobj):
1016             s = mobj.group(1)
1017             dec_s = self._decrypt_signature(s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
1018             return '/signature/%s' % dec_s
1019         dash_manifest_url = re.sub(r'/s/([a-fA-F0-9\.]+)', decrypt_sig, dash_manifest_url)
1020         dash_doc = self._download_xml(
1021             dash_manifest_url, video_id,
1022             note='Downloading DASH manifest',
1023             errnote='Could not download DASH manifest',
1024             fatal=fatal)
1025
1026         if dash_doc is False:
1027             return []
1028
1029         formats = []
1030         for a in dash_doc.findall('.//{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}AdaptationSet'):
1031             mime_type = a.attrib.get('mimeType')
1032             for r in a.findall('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}Representation'):
1033                 url_el = r.find('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}BaseURL')
1034                 if url_el is None:
1035                     continue
1036                 if mime_type == 'text/vtt':
1037                     # TODO implement WebVTT downloading
1038                     pass
1039                 elif mime_type.startswith('audio/') or mime_type.startswith('video/'):
1040                     segment_list = r.find('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}SegmentList')
1041                     format_id = r.attrib['id']
1042                     video_url = url_el.text
1043                     filesize = int_or_none(url_el.attrib.get('{http://youtube.com/yt/2012/10/10}contentLength'))
1044                     f = {
1045                         'format_id': format_id,
1046                         'url': video_url,
1047                         'width': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('width')),
1048                         'height': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('height')),
1049                         'tbr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('bandwidth'), 1000),
1050                         'asr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('audioSamplingRate')),
1051                         'filesize': filesize,
1052                         'fps': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('frameRate')),
1053                     }
1054                     if segment_list is not None:
1055                         f.update({
1056                             'initialization_url': segment_list.find('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}Initialization').attrib['sourceURL'],
1057                             'segment_urls': [segment.attrib.get('media') for segment in segment_list.findall('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}SegmentURL')],
1058                             'protocol': 'http_dash_segments',
1059                         })
1060                     try:
1061                         existing_format = next(
1062                             fo for fo in formats
1063                             if fo['format_id'] == format_id)
1064                     except StopIteration:
1065                         full_info = self._formats.get(format_id, {}).copy()
1066                         full_info.update(f)
1067                         codecs = r.attrib.get('codecs')
1068                         if codecs:
1069                             if full_info.get('acodec') == 'none' and 'vcodec' not in full_info:
1070                                 full_info['vcodec'] = codecs
1071                             elif full_info.get('vcodec') == 'none' and 'acodec' not in full_info:
1072                                 full_info['acodec'] = codecs
1073                         formats.append(full_info)
1074                     else:
1075                         existing_format.update(f)
1076                 else:
1077                     self.report_warning('Unknown MIME type %s in DASH manifest' % mime_type)
1078         return formats
1079
1080     def _real_extract(self, url):
1081         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
1082
1083         proto = (
1084             'http' if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
1085             else 'https')
1086
1087         start_time = None
1088         end_time = None
1089         parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
1090         for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
1091             query = compat_parse_qs(component)
1092             if start_time is None and 't' in query:
1093                 start_time = parse_duration(query['t'][0])
1094             if start_time is None and 'start' in query:
1095                 start_time = parse_duration(query['start'][0])
1096             if end_time is None and 'end' in query:
1097                 end_time = parse_duration(query['end'][0])
1098
1099         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
1100         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
1101         if mobj:
1102             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse_unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
1103         video_id = self.extract_id(url)
1104
1105         # Get video webpage
1106         url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1&bpctr=9999999999' % video_id
1107         video_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
1108
1109         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
1110         mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
1111         if mobj is not None:
1112             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
1113         else:
1114             player_url = None
1115
1116         dash_mpds = []
1117
1118         def add_dash_mpd(video_info):
1119             dash_mpd = video_info.get('dashmpd')
1120             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd[0] not in dash_mpds:
1121                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd[0])
1122
1123         # Get video info
1124         embed_webpage = None
1125         is_live = None
1126         if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
1127             age_gate = True
1128             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
1129             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
1130             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1131             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1132             data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
1133                 'video_id': video_id,
1134                 'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
1135                 'sts': self._search_regex(
1136                     r'"sts"\s*:\s*(\d+)', embed_webpage, 'sts', default=''),
1137             })
1138             video_info_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
1139             video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1140                 video_info_url, video_id,
1141                 note='Refetching age-gated info webpage',
1142                 errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1143             video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1144             add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1145         else:
1146             age_gate = False
1147             video_info = None
1148             # Try looking directly into the video webpage
1149             ytplayer_config = self._get_ytplayer_config(video_id, video_webpage)
1150             if ytplayer_config:
1151                 args = ytplayer_config['args']
1152                 if args.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'):
1153                     # Convert to the same format returned by compat_parse_qs
1154                     video_info = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in args.items())
1155                     add_dash_mpd(video_info)
1156                 if args.get('livestream') == '1' or args.get('live_playback') == 1:
1157                     is_live = True
1158             if not video_info or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1159                 # We also try looking in get_video_info since it may contain different dashmpd
1160                 # URL that points to a DASH manifest with possibly different itag set (some itags
1161                 # are missing from DASH manifest pointed by webpage's dashmpd, some - from DASH
1162                 # manifest pointed by get_video_info's dashmpd).
1163                 # The general idea is to take a union of itags of both DASH manifests (for example
1164                 # video with such 'manifest behavior' see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/6093)
1165                 self.report_video_info_webpage_download(video_id)
1166                 for el_type in ['&el=info', '&el=embedded', '&el=detailpage', '&el=vevo', '']:
1167                     video_info_url = (
1168                         '%s://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?&video_id=%s%s&ps=default&eurl=&gl=US&hl=en'
1169                         % (proto, video_id, el_type))
1170                     video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1171                         video_info_url,
1172                         video_id, note=False,
1173                         errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
1174                     get_video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
1175                     if get_video_info.get('use_cipher_signature') != ['True']:
1176                         add_dash_mpd(get_video_info)
1177                     if not video_info:
1178                         video_info = get_video_info
1179                     if 'token' in get_video_info:
1180                         # Different get_video_info requests may report different results, e.g.
1181                         # some may report video unavailability, but some may serve it without
1182                         # any complaint (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/7362,
1183                         # the original webpage as well as el=info and el=embedded get_video_info
1184                         # requests report video unavailability due to geo restriction while
1185                         # el=detailpage succeeds and returns valid data). This is probably
1186                         # due to YouTube measures against IP ranges of hosting providers.
1187                         # Working around by preferring the first succeeded video_info containing
1188                         # the token if no such video_info yet was found.
1189                         if 'token' not in video_info:
1190                             video_info = get_video_info
1191                         break
1192         if 'token' not in video_info:
1193             if 'reason' in video_info:
1194                 if 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.' in video_info['reason']:
1195                     regions_allowed = self._html_search_meta('regionsAllowed', video_webpage, default=None)
1196                     if regions_allowed:
1197                         raise ExtractorError('YouTube said: This video is available in %s only' % (
1198                             ', '.join(map(ISO3166Utils.short2full, regions_allowed.split(',')))),
1199                             expected=True)
1200                 raise ExtractorError(
1201                     'YouTube said: %s' % video_info['reason'][0],
1202                     expected=True, video_id=video_id)
1203             else:
1204                 raise ExtractorError(
1205                     '"token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason',
1206                     video_id=video_id)
1207
1208         # title
1209         if 'title' in video_info:
1210             video_title = video_info['title'][0]
1211         else:
1212             self._downloader.report_warning('Unable to extract video title')
1213             video_title = '_'
1214
1215         # description
1216         video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
1217         if video_description:
1218             video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
1219                 <a\s+
1220                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
1221                     title="([^"]+)"\s+
1222                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
1223                     class="yt-uix-redirect-link"\s*>
1224                 [^<]+
1225                 </a>
1226             ''', r'\1', video_description)
1227             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
1228         else:
1229             fd_mobj = re.search(r'<meta name="description" content="([^"]+)"', video_webpage)
1230             if fd_mobj:
1231                 video_description = unescapeHTML(fd_mobj.group(1))
1232             else:
1233                 video_description = ''
1234
1235         if 'multifeed_metadata_list' in video_info and not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed', False):
1236             if not self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1237                 entries = []
1238                 feed_ids = []
1239                 multifeed_metadata_list = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_info['multifeed_metadata_list'][0])
1240                 for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
1241                     feed_data = compat_parse_qs(feed)
1242                     entries.append({
1243                         '_type': 'url_transparent',
1244                         'ie_key': 'Youtube',
1245                         'url': smuggle_url(
1246                             '%s://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % (proto, feed_data['id'][0]),
1247                             {'force_singlefeed': True}),
1248                         'title': '%s (%s)' % (video_title, feed_data['title'][0]),
1249                     })
1250                     feed_ids.append(feed_data['id'][0])
1251                 self.to_screen(
1252                     'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
1253                     % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
1254                 return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
1255             self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1256
1257         if 'view_count' in video_info:
1258             view_count = int(video_info['view_count'][0])
1259         else:
1260             view_count = None
1261
1262         # Check for "rental" videos
1263         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
1264             raise ExtractorError('"rental" videos not supported')
1265
1266         # Start extracting information
1267         self.report_information_extraction(video_id)
1268
1269         # uploader
1270         if 'author' not in video_info:
1271             raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract uploader name')
1272         video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_info['author'][0])
1273
1274         # uploader_id
1275         video_uploader_id = None
1276         mobj = re.search(r'<link itemprop="url" href="http://www.youtube.com/(?:user|channel)/([^"]+)">', video_webpage)
1277         if mobj is not None:
1278             video_uploader_id = mobj.group(1)
1279         else:
1280             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader nickname')
1281
1282         # thumbnail image
1283         # We try first to get a high quality image:
1284         m_thumb = re.search(r'<span itemprop="thumbnail".*?href="(.*?)">',
1285                             video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
1286         if m_thumb is not None:
1287             video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
1288         elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
1289             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract video thumbnail')
1290             video_thumbnail = None
1291         else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
1292             video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
1293
1294         # upload date
1295         upload_date = self._html_search_meta(
1296             'datePublished', video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
1297         if not upload_date:
1298             upload_date = self._search_regex(
1299                 [r'(?s)id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>',
1300                  r'id="watch-uploader-info".*?>.*?(?:Published|Uploaded|Streamed live|Started) on (.+?)</strong>'],
1301                 video_webpage, 'upload date', default=None)
1302             if upload_date:
1303                 upload_date = ' '.join(re.sub(r'[/,-]', r' ', mobj.group(1)).split())
1304         upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
1305
1306         m_cat_container = self._search_regex(
1307             r'(?s)<h4[^>]*>\s*Category\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>(.*?)</ul>',
1308             video_webpage, 'categories', default=None)
1309         if m_cat_container:
1310             category = self._html_search_regex(
1311                 r'(?s)<a[^<]+>(.*?)</a>', m_cat_container, 'category',
1312                 default=None)
1313             video_categories = None if category is None else [category]
1314         else:
1315             video_categories = None
1316
1317         video_tags = [
1318             unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
1319             for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), video_webpage)]
1320
1321         def _extract_count(count_name):
1322             return str_to_int(self._search_regex(
1323                 r'-%s-button[^>]+><span[^>]+class="yt-uix-button-content"[^>]*>([\d,]+)</span>'
1324                 % re.escape(count_name),
1325                 video_webpage, count_name, default=None))
1326
1327         like_count = _extract_count('like')
1328         dislike_count = _extract_count('dislike')
1329
1330         # subtitles
1331         video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
1332         automatic_captions = self.extract_automatic_captions(video_id, video_webpage)
1333
1334         if 'length_seconds' not in video_info:
1335             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract video duration')
1336             video_duration = None
1337         else:
1338             video_duration = int(compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(video_info['length_seconds'][0]))
1339
1340         # annotations
1341         video_annotations = None
1342         if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
1343             video_annotations = self._extract_annotations(video_id)
1344
1345         def _map_to_format_list(urlmap):
1346             formats = []
1347             for itag, video_real_url in urlmap.items():
1348                 dct = {
1349                     'format_id': itag,
1350                     'url': video_real_url,
1351                     'player_url': player_url,
1352                 }
1353                 if itag in self._formats:
1354                     dct.update(self._formats[itag])
1355                 formats.append(dct)
1356             return formats
1357
1358         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
1359             self.report_rtmp_download()
1360             formats = [{
1361                 'format_id': '_rtmp',
1362                 'protocol': 'rtmp',
1363                 'url': video_info['conn'][0],
1364                 'player_url': player_url,
1365             }]
1366         elif len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0]) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]) >= 1:
1367             encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]
1368             if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
1369                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
1370             formats = []
1371             for url_data_str in encoded_url_map.split(','):
1372                 url_data = compat_parse_qs(url_data_str)
1373                 if 'itag' not in url_data or 'url' not in url_data:
1374                     continue
1375                 format_id = url_data['itag'][0]
1376                 url = url_data['url'][0]
1377
1378                 if 'sig' in url_data:
1379                     url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
1380                 elif 's' in url_data:
1381                     encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
1382                     ASSETS_RE = r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")'
1383
1384                     jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1385                         ASSETS_RE,
1386                         embed_webpage if age_gate else video_webpage,
1387                         'JS player URL (1)', default=None)
1388                     if not jsplayer_url_json and not age_gate:
1389                         # We need the embed website after all
1390                         if embed_webpage is None:
1391                             embed_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1392                             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1393                                 embed_url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1394                         jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1395                             ASSETS_RE, embed_webpage, 'JS player URL')
1396
1397                     player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
1398                     if player_url is None:
1399                         player_url_json = self._search_regex(
1400                             r'ytplayer\.config.*?"url"\s*:\s*("[^"]+")',
1401                             video_webpage, 'age gate player URL')
1402                         player_url = json.loads(player_url_json)
1403
1404                     if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
1405                         if player_url is None:
1406                             player_version = 'unknown'
1407                             player_desc = 'unknown'
1408                         else:
1409                             if player_url.endswith('swf'):
1410                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1411                                     r'-(.+?)(?:/watch_as3)?\.swf$', player_url,
1412                                     'flash player', fatal=False)
1413                                 player_desc = 'flash player %s' % player_version
1414                             else:
1415                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1416                                     [r'html5player-([^/]+?)(?:/html5player(?:-new)?)?\.js', r'(?:www|player)-([^/]+)/base\.js'],
1417                                     player_url,
1418                                     'html5 player', fatal=False)
1419                                 player_desc = 'html5 player %s' % player_version
1420
1421                         parts_sizes = self._signature_cache_id(encrypted_sig)
1422                         self.to_screen('{%s} signature length %s, %s' %
1423                                        (format_id, parts_sizes, player_desc))
1424
1425                     signature = self._decrypt_signature(
1426                         encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
1427                     url += '&signature=' + signature
1428                 if 'ratebypass' not in url:
1429                     url += '&ratebypass=yes'
1430
1431                 # Some itags are not included in DASH manifest thus corresponding formats will
1432                 # lack metadata (see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/pull/5993).
1433                 # Trying to extract metadata from url_encoded_fmt_stream_map entry.
1434                 mobj = re.search(r'^(?P<width>\d+)[xX](?P<height>\d+)$', url_data.get('size', [''])[0])
1435                 width, height = (int(mobj.group('width')), int(mobj.group('height'))) if mobj else (None, None)
1436                 dct = {
1437                     'format_id': format_id,
1438                     'url': url,
1439                     'player_url': player_url,
1440                     'filesize': int_or_none(url_data.get('clen', [None])[0]),
1441                     'tbr': float_or_none(url_data.get('bitrate', [None])[0], 1000),
1442                     'width': width,
1443                     'height': height,
1444                     'fps': int_or_none(url_data.get('fps', [None])[0]),
1445                     'format_note': url_data.get('quality_label', [None])[0] or url_data.get('quality', [None])[0],
1446                 }
1447                 type_ = url_data.get('type', [None])[0]
1448                 if type_:
1449                     type_split = type_.split(';')
1450                     kind_ext = type_split[0].split('/')
1451                     if len(kind_ext) == 2:
1452                         kind, ext = kind_ext
1453                         dct['ext'] = ext
1454                         if kind in ('audio', 'video'):
1455                             codecs = None
1456                             for mobj in re.finditer(
1457                                     r'(?P<key>[a-zA-Z_-]+)=(?P<quote>["\']?)(?P<val>.+?)(?P=quote)(?:;|$)', type_):
1458                                 if mobj.group('key') == 'codecs':
1459                                     codecs = mobj.group('val')
1460                                     break
1461                             if codecs:
1462                                 codecs = codecs.split(',')
1463                                 if len(codecs) == 2:
1464                                     acodec, vcodec = codecs[0], codecs[1]
1465                                 else:
1466                                     acodec, vcodec = (codecs[0], 'none') if kind == 'audio' else ('none', codecs[0])
1467                                 dct.update({
1468                                     'acodec': acodec,
1469                                     'vcodec': vcodec,
1470                                 })
1471                 if format_id in self._formats:
1472                     dct.update(self._formats[format_id])
1473                 formats.append(dct)
1474         elif video_info.get('hlsvp'):
1475             manifest_url = video_info['hlsvp'][0]
1476             url_map = self._extract_from_m3u8(manifest_url, video_id)
1477             formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
1478         else:
1479             raise ExtractorError('no conn, hlsvp or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
1480
1481         # Look for the DASH manifest
1482         if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1483             dash_mpd_fatal = True
1484             for dash_manifest_url in dash_mpds:
1485                 dash_formats = {}
1486                 try:
1487                     for df in self._parse_dash_manifest(
1488                             video_id, dash_manifest_url, player_url, age_gate, dash_mpd_fatal):
1489                         # Do not overwrite DASH format found in some previous DASH manifest
1490                         if df['format_id'] not in dash_formats:
1491                             dash_formats[df['format_id']] = df
1492                         # Additional DASH manifests may end up in HTTP Error 403 therefore
1493                         # allow them to fail without bug report message if we already have
1494                         # some DASH manifest succeeded. This is temporary workaround to reduce
1495                         # burst of bug reports until we figure out the reason and whether it
1496                         # can be fixed at all.
1497                         dash_mpd_fatal = False
1498                 except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
1499                     self.report_warning(
1500                         'Skipping DASH manifest: %r' % e, video_id)
1501                 if dash_formats:
1502                     # Remove the formats we found through non-DASH, they
1503                     # contain less info and it can be wrong, because we use
1504                     # fixed values (for example the resolution). See
1505                     # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/5774 for an
1506                     # example.
1507                     formats = [f for f in formats if f['format_id'] not in dash_formats.keys()]
1508                     formats.extend(dash_formats.values())
1509
1510         # Check for malformed aspect ratio
1511         stretched_m = re.search(
1512             r'<meta\s+property="og:video:tag".*?content="yt:stretch=(?P<w>[0-9]+):(?P<h>[0-9]+)">',
1513             video_webpage)
1514         if stretched_m:
1515             w = float(stretched_m.group('w'))
1516             h = float(stretched_m.group('h'))
1517             if w > 0 and h > 0:
1518                 ratio = w / h
1519                 for f in formats:
1520                     if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
1521                         f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
1522
1523         self._sort_formats(formats)
1524
1525         return {
1526             'id': video_id,
1527             'uploader': video_uploader,
1528             'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
1529             'upload_date': upload_date,
1530             'title': video_title,
1531             'thumbnail': video_thumbnail,
1532             'description': video_description,
1533             'categories': video_categories,
1534             'tags': video_tags,
1535             'subtitles': video_subtitles,
1536             'automatic_captions': automatic_captions,
1537             'duration': video_duration,
1538             'age_limit': 18 if age_gate else 0,
1539             'annotations': video_annotations,
1540             'webpage_url': proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
1541             'view_count': view_count,
1542             'like_count': like_count,
1543             'dislike_count': dislike_count,
1544             'average_rating': float_or_none(video_info.get('avg_rating', [None])[0]),
1545             'formats': formats,
1546             'is_live': is_live,
1547             'start_time': start_time,
1548             'end_time': end_time,
1549         }
1550
1551
1552 class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
1553     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
1554     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
1555                         (?:https?://)?
1556                         (?:\w+\.)?
1557                         youtube\.com/
1558                         (?:
1559                            (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch|embed/videoseries)
1560                            \? (?:.*?&)*? (?:p|a|list)=
1561                         |  p/
1562                         )
1563                         (
1564                             (?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
1565                             # Top tracks, they can also include dots
1566                             |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
1567                         )
1568                         .*
1569                      |
1570                         ((?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
1571                      )"""
1572     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s'
1573     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+)(?:[^>]+>(?P<title>[^<]+))?'
1574     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
1575     _TESTS = [{
1576         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
1577         'info_dict': {
1578             'title': 'ytdl test PL',
1579             'id': 'PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
1580         },
1581         'playlist_count': 3,
1582     }, {
1583         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
1584         'info_dict': {
1585             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
1586             'title': 'YDL_Empty_List',
1587         },
1588         'playlist_count': 0,
1589     }, {
1590         'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
1591         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
1592         'info_dict': {
1593             'title': '29C3: Not my department',
1594             'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
1595         },
1596         'playlist_count': 95,
1597     }, {
1598         'note': 'issue #673',
1599         'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
1600         'info_dict': {
1601             'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
1602             'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
1603         },
1604         'playlist_mincount': 26,
1605     }, {
1606         'note': 'Large playlist',
1607         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
1608         'info_dict': {
1609             'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
1610             'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
1611         },
1612         'playlist_mincount': 799,
1613     }, {
1614         'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
1615         'info_dict': {
1616             'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
1617             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
1618         },
1619         'playlist_count': 2,
1620     }, {
1621         'note': 'embedded',
1622         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
1623         'playlist_count': 4,
1624         'info_dict': {
1625             'title': 'JODA15',
1626             'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
1627         }
1628     }, {
1629         'note': 'Embedded SWF player',
1630         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/p/YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ?hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0',
1631         'playlist_count': 4,
1632         'info_dict': {
1633             'title': 'JODA7',
1634             'id': 'YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ',
1635         }
1636     }, {
1637         'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
1638         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
1639         'info_dict': {
1640             'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
1641             'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
1642         },
1643         'playlist_mincout': 21,
1644     }]
1645
1646     def _real_initialize(self):
1647         self._login()
1648
1649     def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
1650         # The mixes are generated from a single video
1651         # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
1652         url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (playlist_id[-11:], playlist_id)
1653         webpage = self._download_webpage(
1654             url, playlist_id, 'Downloading Youtube mix')
1655         search_title = lambda class_name: get_element_by_attribute('class', class_name, webpage)
1656         title_span = (
1657             search_title('playlist-title') or
1658             search_title('title long-title') or
1659             search_title('title'))
1660         title = clean_html(title_span)
1661         ids = orderedSet(re.findall(
1662             r'''(?xs)data-video-username=".*?".*?
1663                        href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s''' % re.escape(playlist_id),
1664             webpage))
1665         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
1666
1667         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
1668
1669     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_id):
1670         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % playlist_id
1671         page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
1672
1673         for match in re.findall(r'<div class="yt-alert-message">([^<]+)</div>', page):
1674             match = match.strip()
1675             # Check if the playlist exists or is private
1676             if re.match(r'[^<]*(The|This) playlist (does not exist|is private)[^<]*', match):
1677                 raise ExtractorError(
1678                     'The playlist doesn\'t exist or is private, use --username or '
1679                     '--netrc to access it.',
1680                     expected=True)
1681             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Invalid parameters[^<]*', match):
1682                 raise ExtractorError(
1683                     'Invalid parameters. Maybe URL is incorrect.',
1684                     expected=True)
1685             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Choose your language[^<]*', match):
1686                 continue
1687             else:
1688                 self.report_warning('Youtube gives an alert message: ' + match)
1689
1690         playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
1691             r'(?s)<h1 class="pl-header-title[^"]*"[^>]*>\s*(.*?)\s*</h1>',
1692             page, 'title')
1693
1694         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(page, playlist_id), playlist_id, playlist_title)
1695
1696     def _real_extract(self, url):
1697         # Extract playlist id
1698         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1699         if mobj is None:
1700             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1701         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
1702
1703         # Check if it's a video-specific URL
1704         query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
1705         if 'v' in query_dict:
1706             video_id = query_dict['v'][0]
1707             if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1708                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1709                 return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1710             else:
1711                 self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
1712
1713         if playlist_id.startswith('RD') or playlist_id.startswith('UL'):
1714             # Mixes require a custom extraction process
1715             return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
1716
1717         return self._extract_playlist(playlist_id)
1718
1719
1720 class YoutubeChannelIE(YoutubePlaylistBaseInfoExtractor):
1721     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com channels'
1722     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com)/channel/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)'
1723     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos'
1724     _VIDEO_RE = r'(?:title="(?P<title>[^"]+)"[^>]+)?href="/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)&?'
1725     IE_NAME = 'youtube:channel'
1726     _TESTS = [{
1727         'note': 'paginated channel',
1728         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
1729         'playlist_mincount': 91,
1730         'info_dict': {
1731             'id': 'UUKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
1732             'title': 'Uploads from lex will',
1733         }
1734     }, {
1735         'note': 'Age restricted channel',
1736         # from https://www.youtube.com/user/DeusExOfficial
1737         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
1738         'playlist_mincount': 64,
1739         'info_dict': {
1740             'id': 'UUs0ifCMCm1icqRbqhUINa0w',
1741             'title': 'Uploads from Deus Ex',
1742         },
1743     }]
1744
1745     def _real_extract(self, url):
1746         channel_id = self._match_id(url)
1747
1748         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % channel_id
1749
1750         # Channel by page listing is restricted to 35 pages of 30 items, i.e. 1050 videos total (see #5778)
1751         # Workaround by extracting as a playlist if managed to obtain channel playlist URL
1752         # otherwise fallback on channel by page extraction
1753         channel_page = self._download_webpage(
1754             url + '?view=57', channel_id,
1755             'Downloading channel page', fatal=False)
1756         if channel_page is False:
1757             channel_playlist_id = False
1758         else:
1759             channel_playlist_id = self._html_search_meta(
1760                 'channelId', channel_page, 'channel id', default=None)
1761             if not channel_playlist_id:
1762                 channel_playlist_id = self._search_regex(
1763                     r'data-(?:channel-external-|yt)id="([^"]+)"',
1764                     channel_page, 'channel id', default=None)
1765         if channel_playlist_id and channel_playlist_id.startswith('UC'):
1766             playlist_id = 'UU' + channel_playlist_id[2:]
1767             return self.url_result(
1768                 compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, '/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id), 'YoutubePlaylist')
1769
1770         channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, 'Downloading page #1')
1771         autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
1772                 class="[^"]*?(?:
1773                     channel-header-autogenerated-label|
1774                     yt-channel-title-autogenerated
1775                 )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
1776
1777         if autogenerated:
1778             # The videos are contained in a single page
1779             # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
1780             entries = [
1781                 self.url_result(
1782                     video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id,
1783                     video_title=video_title)
1784                 for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)]
1785             return self.playlist_result(entries, channel_id)
1786
1787         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(channel_page, channel_id), channel_id)
1788
1789
1790 class YoutubeUserIE(YoutubeChannelIE):
1791     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
1792     _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:(?:https?://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch|results)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
1793     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/user/%s/videos'
1794     IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
1795
1796     _TESTS = [{
1797         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation',
1798         'playlist_mincount': 320,
1799         'info_dict': {
1800             'title': 'TheLinuxFoundation',
1801         }
1802     }, {
1803         'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
1804         'only_matching': True,
1805     }]
1806
1807     @classmethod
1808     def suitable(cls, url):
1809         # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
1810         # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
1811         other_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
1812         if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_ies):
1813             return False
1814         else:
1815             return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
1816
1817
1818 class YoutubeUserPlaylistsIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
1819     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user playlists'
1820     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/user/(?P<id>[^/]+)/playlists'
1821     IE_NAME = 'youtube:user:playlists'
1822
1823     _TESTS = [{
1824         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
1825         'playlist_mincount': 4,
1826         'info_dict': {
1827             'id': 'ThirstForScience',
1828             'title': 'Thirst for Science',
1829         },
1830     }, {
1831         # with "Load more" button
1832         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
1833         'playlist_mincount': 70,
1834         'info_dict': {
1835             'id': 'igorkle1',
1836             'title': 'Игорь Клейнер',
1837         },
1838     }]
1839
1840
1841 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubePlaylistIE):
1842     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches'
1843     # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
1844     # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
1845     _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
1846     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
1847     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
1848     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {}
1849     _TESTS = []
1850
1851     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
1852         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
1853
1854         videos = []
1855         limit = n
1856
1857         for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
1858             url_query = {
1859                 'search_query': query.encode('utf-8'),
1860                 'page': pagenum,
1861                 'spf': 'navigate',
1862             }
1863             url_query.update(self._EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS)
1864             result_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/results?' + compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(url_query)
1865             data = self._download_json(
1866                 result_url, video_id='query "%s"' % query,
1867                 note='Downloading page %s' % pagenum,
1868                 errnote='Unable to download API page')
1869             html_content = data[1]['body']['content']
1870
1871             if 'class="search-message' in html_content:
1872                 raise ExtractorError(
1873                     '[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
1874
1875             new_videos = self._ids_to_results(orderedSet(re.findall(
1876                 r'href="/watch\?v=(.{11})', html_content)))
1877             videos += new_videos
1878             if not new_videos or len(videos) > limit:
1879                 break
1880
1881         if len(videos) > n:
1882             videos = videos[:n]
1883         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
1884
1885
1886 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
1887     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
1888     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
1889     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
1890     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {'search_sort': 'video_date_uploaded'}
1891
1892
1893 class YoutubeSearchURLIE(InfoExtractor):
1894     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
1895     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search_url'
1896     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?search_query=(?P<query>[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
1897     _TESTS = [{
1898         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
1899         'playlist_mincount': 5,
1900         'info_dict': {
1901             'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
1902         }
1903     }]
1904
1905     def _real_extract(self, url):
1906         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1907         query = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(mobj.group('query'))
1908
1909         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, query)
1910         result_code = self._search_regex(
1911             r'(?s)<ol[^>]+class="item-section"(.*?)</ol>', webpage, 'result HTML')
1912
1913         part_codes = re.findall(
1914             r'(?s)<h3[^>]+class="[^"]*yt-lockup-title[^"]*"[^>]*>(.*?)</h3>', result_code)
1915         entries = []
1916         for part_code in part_codes:
1917             part_title = self._html_search_regex(
1918                 [r'(?s)title="([^"]+)"', r'>([^<]+)</a>'], part_code, 'item title', fatal=False)
1919             part_url_snippet = self._html_search_regex(
1920                 r'(?s)href="([^"]+)"', part_code, 'item URL')
1921             part_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
1922                 'https://www.youtube.com/', part_url_snippet)
1923             entries.append({
1924                 '_type': 'url',
1925                 'url': part_url,
1926                 'title': part_title,
1927             })
1928
1929         return {
1930             '_type': 'playlist',
1931             'entries': entries,
1932             'title': query,
1933         }
1934
1935
1936 class YoutubeShowIE(YoutubePlaylistsBaseInfoExtractor):
1937     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
1938     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/show/(?P<id>[^?#]*)'
1939     IE_NAME = 'youtube:show'
1940     _TESTS = [{
1941         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/show/airdisasters',
1942         'playlist_mincount': 5,
1943         'info_dict': {
1944             'id': 'airdisasters',
1945             'title': 'Air Disasters',
1946         }
1947     }]
1948
1949     def _real_extract(self, url):
1950         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
1951         return super(YoutubeShowIE, self)._real_extract(
1952             'https://www.youtube.com/show/%s/playlists' % playlist_id)
1953
1954
1955 class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1956     """
1957     Base class for feed extractors
1958     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
1959     """
1960     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
1961
1962     @property
1963     def IE_NAME(self):
1964         return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
1965
1966     def _real_initialize(self):
1967         self._login()
1968
1969     def _real_extract(self, url):
1970         page = self._download_webpage(
1971             'https://www.youtube.com/feed/%s' % self._FEED_NAME, self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
1972
1973         # The extraction process is the same as for playlists, but the regex
1974         # for the video ids doesn't contain an index
1975         ids = []
1976         more_widget_html = content_html = page
1977         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
1978             matches = re.findall(r'href="\s*/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', content_html)
1979
1980             # 'recommended' feed has infinite 'load more' and each new portion spins
1981             # the same videos in (sometimes) slightly different order, so we'll check
1982             # for unicity and break when portion has no new videos
1983             new_ids = filter(lambda video_id: video_id not in ids, orderedSet(matches))
1984             if not new_ids:
1985                 break
1986
1987             ids.extend(new_ids)
1988
1989             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
1990             if not mobj:
1991                 break
1992
1993             more = self._download_json(
1994                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), self._PLAYLIST_TITLE,
1995                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
1996                 transform_source=uppercase_escape)
1997             content_html = more['content_html']
1998             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
1999
2000         return self.playlist_result(
2001             self._ids_to_results(ids), playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
2002
2003
2004 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
2005     IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
2006     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
2007     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/(?:feed/watch_later|playlist\?list=WL)|:ytwatchlater'
2008
2009     _TESTS = []  # override PlaylistIE tests
2010
2011     def _real_extract(self, url):
2012         return self._extract_playlist('WL')
2013
2014
2015 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
2016     IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
2017     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com favourite videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
2018     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
2019     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
2020
2021     def _real_extract(self, url):
2022         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
2023         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, 'favourites playlist id')
2024         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
2025
2026
2027 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
2028     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
2029     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
2030     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
2031     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Recommended videos'
2032
2033
2034 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
2035     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword (requires authentication)'
2036     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
2037     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
2038     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Subscriptions'
2039
2040
2041 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
2042     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythistory" for short (requires authentication)'
2043     _VALID_URL = 'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
2044     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
2045     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube History'
2046
2047
2048 class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
2049     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
2050     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
2051     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
2052         (?:https?://)?
2053         (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
2054         (?:watch\?(?:
2055             feature=[a-z_]+|
2056             annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
2057             x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
2058             hl=[^&]*|
2059             t=[0-9]+
2060         )?
2061         |
2062             attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
2063         )
2064         $
2065     '''
2066
2067     _TESTS = [{
2068         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
2069         'only_matching': True,
2070     }, {
2071         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?',
2072         'only_matching': True,
2073     }, {
2074         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
2075         'only_matching': True,
2076     }, {
2077         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
2078         'only_matching': True,
2079     }, {
2080         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
2081         'only_matching': True,
2082     }, {
2083         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
2084         'only_matching': True,
2085     }]
2086
2087     def _real_extract(self, url):
2088         raise ExtractorError(
2089             'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
2090             'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
2091             'like  youtube-dl '
2092             '"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
2093             ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
2094             expected=True)
2095
2096
2097 class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
2098     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
2099     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
2100     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
2101
2102     _TESTS = [{
2103         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
2104         'only_matching': True,
2105     }]
2106
2107     def _real_extract(self, url):
2108         video_id = self._match_id(url)
2109         raise ExtractorError(
2110             'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
2111             expected=True)