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ec2e44fc 1<!-- MANPAGE: BEGIN EXCLUDED SECTION -->
b31fdeed 2<div align="center">
3
e980017a 4[![YT-DLP](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/master/.github/banner.svg)](#readme)
d9d045e2 5
28dff70b 6[![Release version](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/yt-dlp/yt-dlp?color=blue&label=&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest)
1aebc0f7 7[![CI Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/Core%20Tests/master?label=&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions)
8[![License: Unlicense](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Unlicense-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge)](LICENSE)
418964fa 9[![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Donate-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](Collaborators.md#collaborators)
1aebc0f7 10[![Supported Sites](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Supported_Sites-brightgreen.svg?style=for-the-badge)](supportedsites.md)
28dff70b 11[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/807245652072857610?color=blue&label=​&logo=discord&style=for-the-badge)](https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r)
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b31fdeed 13[![Commits](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/m/yt-dlp/yt-dlp?label=commits&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commits)
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a7191c6f 15[![Downloads](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/total?style=for-the-badge&color=blue)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest)
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c76eb41b 17
b31fdeed 18</div>
ec2e44fc 19<!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
c76eb41b 20
b31fdeed 21yt-dlp is a [youtube-dl](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl) fork based on the now inactive [youtube-dlc](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc). The main focus of this project is adding new features and patches while also keeping up to date with the original project
5c0e5bc4 22
ec2e44fc 23<!-- MANPAGE: MOVE "USAGE AND OPTIONS" SECTION HERE -->
24
25<!-- MANPAGE: BEGIN EXCLUDED SECTION -->
034b6215 26* [NEW FEATURES](#new-features)
53ed7066 27 * [Differences in default behavior](#differences-in-default-behavior)
c76eb41b 28* [INSTALLATION](#installation)
17fa3ee2 29 * [Update](#update)
0e5927ee 30 * [Release Files](#release-files)
cf59cd4d 31 * [Dependencies](#dependencies)
17fa3ee2 32 * [Compile](#compile)
b31fdeed 33* [USAGE AND OPTIONS](#usage-and-options)
34 * [General Options](#general-options)
50865ca8 35 * [Network Options](#network-options)
b31fdeed 36 * [Geo-restriction](#geo-restriction)
50865ca8 37 * [Video Selection](#video-selection)
38 * [Download Options](#download-options)
39 * [Filesystem Options](#filesystem-options)
b31fdeed 40 * [Thumbnail Options](#thumbnail-options)
50865ca8 41 * [Internet Shortcut Options](#internet-shortcut-options)
0744a815 42 * [Verbosity and Simulation Options](#verbosity-and-simulation-options)
50865ca8 43 * [Workarounds](#workarounds)
44 * [Video Format Options](#video-format-options)
45 * [Subtitle Options](#subtitle-options)
46 * [Authentication Options](#authentication-options)
50865ca8 47 * [Post-processing Options](#post-processing-options)
7a340e0d 48 * [SponsorBlock Options](#sponsorblock-options)
50865ca8 49 * [Extractor Options](#extractor-options)
c76eb41b 50* [CONFIGURATION](#configuration)
50865ca8 51 * [Authentication with .netrc file](#authentication-with-netrc-file)
c76eb41b 52* [OUTPUT TEMPLATE](#output-template)
50865ca8 53 * [Output template and Windows batch files](#output-template-and-windows-batch-files)
54 * [Output template examples](#output-template-examples)
c76eb41b 55* [FORMAT SELECTION](#format-selection)
50865ca8 56 * [Filtering Formats](#filtering-formats)
57 * [Sorting Formats](#sorting-formats)
58 * [Format Selection examples](#format-selection-examples)
73cd218f 59* [MODIFYING METADATA](#modifying-metadata)
60 * [Modifying metadata examples](#modifying-metadata-examples)
5d3a0e79 61* [EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS](#extractor-arguments)
f74980cb 62* [PLUGINS](#plugins)
8c6f4daa 63* [EMBEDDING YT-DLP](#embedding-yt-dlp)
e167860c 64* [DEPRECATED OPTIONS](#deprecated-options)
8c6f4daa 65* [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md#contributing-to-yt-dlp)
66 * [Opening an Issue](CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
67 * [Developer Instructions](CONTRIBUTING.md#developer-instructions)
c76eb41b 68* [MORE](#more)
ec2e44fc 69<!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
50865ca8 70
71
034b6215 72# NEW FEATURES
91f071af 73
b69fd25c 74* Based on **youtube-dl 2021.12.17 [commit/5014bd6](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/commit/5014bd67c22b421207b2650d4dc874b95b36dda1)** and **youtube-dlc 2020.11.11-3 [commit/f9401f2](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc/commit/f9401f2a91987068139c5f757b12fc711d4c0cee)**: You get all the features and patches of [youtube-dlc](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc) in addition to the latest [youtube-dl](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl)
034b6215 75
7a340e0d 76* **[SponsorBlock Integration](#sponsorblock-options)**: You can mark/remove sponsor sections in youtube videos by utilizing the [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app) API
034b6215 77
7581d246 78* **[Format Sorting](#sorting-formats)**: The default format sorting options have been changed so that higher resolution and better codecs will be now preferred instead of simply using larger bitrate. Furthermore, you can now specify the sort order using `-S`. This allows for much easier format selection than what is possible by simply using `--format` ([examples](#format-selection-examples))
034b6215 79
0fdf490d 80* **Merged with animelover1984/youtube-dl**: You get most of the features and improvements from [animelover1984/youtube-dl](https://github.com/animelover1984/youtube-dl) including `--write-comments`, `BiliBiliSearch`, `BilibiliChannel`, Embedding thumbnail in mp4/ogg/opus, playlist infojson etc. Note that the NicoNico improvements are not available. See [#31](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/31) for details.
29b6000e 81
f5546c0b 82* **Youtube improvements**:
6ccf351a 83 * All Feeds (`:ytfav`, `:ytwatchlater`, `:ytsubs`, `:ythistory`, `:ytrec`) and private playlists supports downloading multiple pages of content
0fdf490d 84 * Search (`ytsearch:`, `ytsearchdate:`), search URLs and in-channel search works
85 * Mixes supports downloading multiple pages of content
86c1a8aa 86 * Some (but not all) age-gated content can be downloaded without cookies
a4211baf 87 * Fix for [n-sig based throttling](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29326)
f20f5fe5 88 * Redirect channel's home URL automatically to `/video` to preserve the old behaviour
e6f21b3d 89 * `255kbps` audio is extracted (if available) from youtube music when premium cookies are given
9ee4f0bb 90 * Youtube music Albums, channels etc can be downloaded ([except self-uploaded music](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/723))
adbc4ec4 91 * Download livestreams from the start using `--live-from-start`
f20f5fe5 92
f59f5ef8 93* **Cookies from browser**: Cookies can be automatically extracted from all major web browsers using `--cookies-from-browser BROWSER[+KEYRING][:PROFILE]`
245524e6 94
597c1866 95* **Split video by chapters**: Videos can be split into multiple files based on chapters using `--split-chapters`
96
b31fdeed 97* **Multi-threaded fragment downloads**: Download multiple fragments of m3u8/mpd videos in parallel. Use `--concurrent-fragments` (`-N`) option to set the number of threads used
8d801631 98
b31fdeed 99* **Aria2c with HLS/DASH**: You can use `aria2c` as the external downloader for DASH(mpd) and HLS(m3u8) formats
f20f5fe5 100
e75bb0d6 101* **New and fixed extractors**: Many new extractors have been added and a lot of existing ones have been fixed. See the [changelog](Changelog.md) or the [list of supported sites](supportedsites.md)
86c1a8aa 102
103* **New MSOs**: Philo, Spectrum, SlingTV, Cablevision, RCN
fac98805 104
3de7c2ce 105* **Subtitle extraction from manifests**: Subtitles can be extracted from streaming media manifests. See [commit/be6202f](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be6202f12b97858b9d716e608394b51065d0419f) for details
034b6215 106
597c1866 107* **Multiple paths and output templates**: You can give different [output templates](#output-template) and download paths for different types of files. You can also set a temporary path where intermediary files are downloaded to using `--paths` (`-P`)
0bc0a322 108
109* **Portable Configuration**: Configuration files are automatically loaded from the home and root directories. See [configuration](#configuration) for details
110
418964fa 111* **Output template improvements**: Output templates can now have date-time formatting, numeric offsets, object traversal etc. See [output template](#output-template) for details. Even more advanced operations can also be done with the help of `--parse-metadata` and `--replace-in-metadata`
fac98805 112
91f071af 113* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--print`, `--wait-for-video`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--write-link`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-on-reject` etc
0bc0a322 114
91f071af 115* **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--match-filter`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio etc
c69911e4 116
86c1a8aa 117* **Plugins**: Extractors and PostProcessors can be loaded from an external file. See [plugins](#plugins) for details
b31fdeed 118
7a5c1cfe 119* **Self-updater**: The releases can be updated using `yt-dlp -U`
aa837ddf 120
7a5c1cfe 121See [changelog](Changelog.md) or [commits](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commits) for the full list of changes
a26c99ac 122
53ed7066 123### Differences in default behavior
124
0930b11f 125Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtube-dlc:
53ed7066 126
96565c7e 127* The options `--auto-number` (`-A`), `--title` (`-t`) and `--literal` (`-l`), no longer work. See [removed options](#Removed) for details
b69fd25c 128* `avconv` is not supported as an alternative to `ffmpeg`
96565c7e 129* The default [output template](#output-template) is `%(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s`. There is no real reason for this change. This was changed before yt-dlp was ever made public and now there are no plans to change it back to `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`. Instead, you may use `--compat-options filename`
e4f02757 130* The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order
e75bb0d6 131* The default format selector is `bv*+ba/b`. This means that if a combined video + audio format that is better than the best video-only format is found, the former will be preferred. Use `-f bv+ba/b` or `--compat-options format-spec` to revert this
28b0eb0f 132* Unlike youtube-dlc, yt-dlp does not allow merging multiple audio/video streams into one file by default (since this conflicts with the use of `-f bv*+ba`). If needed, this feature must be enabled using `--audio-multistreams` and `--video-multistreams`. You can also use `--compat-options multistreams` to enable both
133* `--ignore-errors` is enabled by default. Use `--abort-on-error` or `--compat-options abort-on-error` to abort on errors instead
134* When writing metadata files such as thumbnails, description or infojson, the same information (if available) is also written for playlists. Use `--no-write-playlist-metafiles` or `--compat-options no-playlist-metafiles` to not write these files
9222c381 135* `--add-metadata` attaches the `infojson` to `mkv` files in addition to writing the metadata when used with `--write-info-json`. Use `--no-embed-info-json` or `--compat-options no-attach-info-json` to revert this
f279aaee 136* Some metadata are embedded into different fields when using `--add-metadata` as compared to youtube-dl. Most notably, `comment` field contains the `webpage_url` and `synopsis` contains the `description`. You can [use `--parse-metadata`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#modifying-metadata) to modify this to your liking or use `--compat-options embed-metadata` to revert this
28b0eb0f 137* `playlist_index` behaves differently when used with options like `--playlist-reverse` and `--playlist-items`. See [#302](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/302) for details. You can use `--compat-options playlist-index` if you want to keep the earlier behavior
138* The output of `-F` is listed in a new format. Use `--compat-options list-formats` to revert this
3acf6d38 139* All *experiences* of a funimation episode are considered as a single video. This behavior breaks existing archives. Use `--compat-options seperate-video-versions` to extract information from only the default player
28b0eb0f 140* Youtube live chat (if available) is considered as a subtitle. Use `--sub-langs all,-live_chat` to download all subtitles except live chat. You can also use `--compat-options no-live-chat` to prevent live chat from downloading
09f1580e 141* Youtube channel URLs are automatically redirected to `/video`. Append a `/featured` to the URL to download only the videos in the home page. If the channel does not have a videos tab, we try to download the equivalent `UU` playlist instead. Also, `/live` URLs raise an error if there are no live videos instead of silently downloading the entire channel. You may use `--compat-options no-youtube-channel-redirect` to revert all these redirections
28b0eb0f 142* Unavailable videos are also listed for youtube playlists. Use `--compat-options no-youtube-unavailable-videos` to remove this
18e674b4 143* If `ffmpeg` is used as the downloader, the downloading and merging of formats happen in a single step when possible. Use `--compat-options no-direct-merge` to revert this
e858a9d6 144* Thumbnail embedding in `mp4` is done with mutagen if possible. Use `--compat-options embed-thumbnail-atomicparsley` to force the use of AtomicParsley instead
e4f02757 145* Some private fields such as filenames are removed by default from the infojson. Use `--no-clean-infojson` or `--compat-options no-clean-infojson` to revert this
e75bb0d6 146* When `--embed-subs` and `--write-subs` are used together, the subtitles are written to disk and also embedded in the media file. You can use just `--embed-subs` to embed the subs and automatically delete the separate file. See [#630 (comment)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/630#issuecomment-893659460) for more info. `--compat-options no-keep-subs` can be used to revert this
53ed7066 147
148For ease of use, a few more compat options are available:
28b0eb0f 149* `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options
150* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams`
151* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect`
53ed7066 152
f20f5fe5 153
d19bb9c0 154# INSTALLATION
50865ca8 155
7bc877a2 156You can install yt-dlp using one of the following methods:
a61f4b28 157
a4211baf 158### Using the release binary
0930b11f 159
160You can simply download the [correct binary file](#release-files) for your OS: **[[Windows](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)] [[UNIX-like](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)]**
5f326cf5 161
0930b11f 162In UNIX-like OSes (MacOS, Linux, BSD), you can also install the same in one of the following ways:
5ba4a0b6
A		 163
164```
165sudo curl -L https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp -o /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
166sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
167```
168
169```
170sudo wget https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp -O /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
171sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
172```
173
174```
b69fd25c 175sudo aria2c https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp --dir /usr/local/bin -o yt-dlp
5ba4a0b6
A		 176sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
177```
178
0930b11f 179PS: The manpages, shell completion files etc. are available in [yt-dlp.tar.gz](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.tar.gz)
180
a4211baf 181### With [PIP](https://pypi.org/project/pip)
0930b11f 182
183You can install the [PyPI package](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp) with:
184```
185python3 -m pip install -U yt-dlp
186```
187
86c1a8aa 188You can install without any of the optional dependencies using:
0930b11f 189```
190python3 -m pip install --no-deps -U yt-dlp
191```
192
86c1a8aa 193If you want to be on the cutting edge, you can also install the master branch with:
0930b11f 194```
9222c381 195python3 -m pip install --force-reinstall https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/archive/master.zip
0930b11f 196```
197
198Note that on some systems, you may need to use `py` or `python` instead of `python3`
199
a4211baf 200### With [Homebrew](https://brew.sh)
0930b11f 201
202macOS or Linux users that are using Homebrew can also install it by:
b8773e63
THD		 203
204```
205brew install yt-dlp/taps/yt-dlp
206```
207
a4211baf 208## UPDATE
0930b11f 209You can use `yt-dlp -U` to update if you are [using the provided release](#using-the-release-binary)
210
211If you [installed with pip](#with-pip), simply re-run the same command that was used to install the program
212
213If you [installed using Homebrew](#with-homebrew), run `brew upgrade yt-dlp/taps/yt-dlp`
cf59cd4d 214
ec2e44fc 215<!-- MANPAGE: BEGIN EXCLUDED SECTION -->
a4211baf 216## RELEASE FILES
0e5927ee 217
733d8e8f 218#### Recommended
219
220File|Description
221:---|:---
0930b11f 222[yt-dlp](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)|Platform-independant binary. Needs Python (recommended for **UNIX-like systems**)
223[yt-dlp.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for **Windows**)
733d8e8f 224
225#### Alternatives
226
0e5927ee
R		 227File|Description
228:---|:---
96565c7e 229[yt-dlp_macos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos)|MacOS (10.15+) standalone executable
0930b11f 230[yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Vista SP2+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
96565c7e 231[yt-dlp_min.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_min.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary built with `py2exe`.<br/> Does not contain `pycryptodomex`, needs VC++14
0930b11f 232[yt-dlp_win.zip](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_win.zip)|Unpackaged Windows executable (no auto-update)
233[yt-dlp_macos.zip](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos.zip)|Unpackaged MacOS (10.15+) executable (no auto-update)
733d8e8f 234
235#### Misc
236
237File|Description
238:---|:---
0e5927ee
R		 239[yt-dlp.tar.gz](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.tar.gz)|Source tarball. Also contains manpages, completions, etc
240[SHA2-512SUMS](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/SHA2-512SUMS)|GNU-style SHA512 sums
241[SHA2-256SUMS](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/SHA2-256SUMS)|GNU-style SHA256 sums
ec2e44fc 242<!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
0e5927ee 243
a4211baf 244## DEPENDENCIES
cf59cd4d 245Python versions 3.6+ (CPython and PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
b31fdeed 246
c9652aa4 247<!-- Python 3.5+ uses VC++14 and it is already embedded in the binary created
248<!x-- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26999 --x>
cf59cd4d 249On windows, [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe) is also necessary to run yt-dlp. You probably already have this, but if the executable throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` you need to install it manually.
c9652aa4 250-->
fac98805 251
e75bb0d6 252While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly recommended
ec2e44fc 253
b69fd25c 254* [**ffmpeg** and **ffprobe**](https://www.ffmpeg.org) - Required for [merging separate video and audio files](#format-selection) as well as for various [post-processing](#post-processing-options) tasks. License [depends on the build](https://www.ffmpeg.org/legal.html)
0930b11f 255* [**mutagen**](https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen) - For embedding thumbnail in certain formats. Licensed under [GPLv2+](https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen/blob/master/COPYING)
256* [**pycryptodomex**](https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome) - For decrypting AES-128 HLS streams and various other data. Licensed under [BSD2](https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome/blob/master/LICENSE.rst)
257* [**websockets**](https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets) - For downloading over websocket. Licensed under [BSD3](https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets/blob/main/LICENSE)
f59f5ef8 258* [**secretstorage**](https://github.com/mitya57/secretstorage) - For accessing the Gnome keyring while decrypting cookies of Chromium-based browsers on Linux. Licensed under [BSD](https://github.com/mitya57/secretstorage/blob/master/LICENSE)
0930b11f 259* [**AtomicParsley**](https://github.com/wez/atomicparsley) - For embedding thumbnail in mp4/m4a if mutagen is not present. Licensed under [GPLv2+](https://github.com/wez/atomicparsley/blob/master/COPYING)
260* [**rtmpdump**](http://rtmpdump.mplayerhq.hu) - For downloading `rtmp` streams. ffmpeg will be used as a fallback. Licensed under [GPLv2+](http://rtmpdump.mplayerhq.hu)
261* [**mplayer**](http://mplayerhq.hu/design7/info.html) or [**mpv**](https://mpv.io) - For downloading `rstp` streams. ffmpeg will be used as a fallback. Licensed under [GPLv2+](https://github.com/mpv-player/mpv/blob/master/Copyright)
262* [**phantomjs**](https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs) - Used in extractors where javascript needs to be run. Licensed under [BSD3](https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs/blob/master/LICENSE.BSD)
263* [**sponskrub**](https://github.com/faissaloo/SponSkrub) - For using the now **deprecated** [sponskrub options](#sponskrub-options). Licensed under [GPLv3+](https://github.com/faissaloo/SponSkrub/blob/master/LICENCE.md)
cf59cd4d 264* Any external downloader that you want to use with `--downloader`
b31fdeed 265
cf59cd4d 266To use or redistribute the dependencies, you must agree to their respective licensing terms.
267
0930b11f 268The Windows and MacOS standalone release binaries are already built with the python interpreter, mutagen, pycryptodomex and websockets included.
d710cc6d 269
e75bb0d6 270**Note**: There are some regressions in newer ffmpeg versions that causes various issues when used alongside yt-dlp. Since ffmpeg is such an important dependency, we provide [custom builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds/wiki/Latest#latest-autobuilds) with patches for these issues at [yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds). See [the readme](https://github.com/yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds#patches-applied) for details on the specific issues solved by these builds
d710cc6d 271
5f326cf5 272
a4211baf 273## COMPILE
5f326cf5 274
c76eb41b 275**For Windows**:
49a57e70 276To build the Windows executable, you must have pyinstaller (and optionally mutagen, pycryptodomex, websockets). Once you have all the necessary dependencies installed, (optionally) build lazy extractors using `devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py`, and then just run `pyinst.py`. The executable will be built for the same architecture (32/64 bit) as the python used to build it.
e38df8f9 277
733d8e8f 278 py -m pip install -U pyinstaller -r requirements.txt
49a57e70 279 py devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
733d8e8f 280 py pyinst.py
7581d246 281
fac98805 282Note that pyinstaller [does not support](https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller#requirements-and-tested-platforms) Python installed from the Windows store without using a virtual environment
b96a939b 283
c76eb41b 284**For Unix**:
060ac762 285You will need the required build tools: `python`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`, `zip`, `pytest`
127d0759 286Then simply run `make`. You can also run `make yt-dlp` instead to compile only the binary without updating any of the additional files
5f326cf5 287
49a57e70 288**Note**: In either platform, `devscripts/update-version.py` can be used to automatically update the version number
d19bb9c0 289
75b725a7 290You can also fork the project on github and run your fork's [build workflow](.github/workflows/build.yml) to automatically build a release
59a7a13e 291
b31fdeed 292# USAGE AND OPTIONS
6bcd846b 293
ec2e44fc 294<!-- MANPAGE: BEGIN EXCLUDED SECTION -->
7a5c1cfe 295 yt-dlp [OPTIONS] [--] URL [URL...]
b50e3bc6 296
c2b5f311 297`Ctrl+F` is your friend :D
ec2e44fc 298<!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
c2b5f311 299
ec2e44fc 300<!-- Auto generated -->
c76eb41b 301## General Options:
1dc2726f
PH		 302 -h, --help Print this help text and exit
303 --version Print program version and exit
8d801631 304 -U, --update Update this program to latest version. Make
305 sure that you have sufficient permissions
306 (run with sudo if needed)
b1940459 307 -i, --ignore-errors Ignore download and postprocessing errors.
0930b11f 308 The download will be considered successful
b1940459 309 even if the postprocessing fails
310 --no-abort-on-error Continue with next video on download
311 errors; e.g. to skip unavailable videos in
312 a playlist (default)
8a51f564 313 --abort-on-error Abort downloading of further videos if an
314 error occurs (Alias: --no-ignore-errors)
34488702 315 --dump-user-agent Display the current user-agent and exit
316 --list-extractors List all supported extractors and exit
c4af7684 317 --extractor-descriptions Output descriptions of all supported
34488702 318 extractors and exit
c4af7684
PH		 319 --force-generic-extractor Force extraction to use the generic
320 extractor
321 --default-search PREFIX Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. For
322 example "gvsearch2:" downloads two videos
9ee4f0bb 323 from google videos for the search term
324 "large apple". Use the value "auto" to let
325 yt-dlp guess ("auto_warning" to emit a
c4af7684
PH		 326 warning when guessing). "error" just throws
327 an error. The default value "fixup_error"
328 repairs broken URLs, but emits an error if
8a51f564 329 this is not possible instead of searching
298f597b 330 --ignore-config, --no-config Disable loading any configuration files
8a51f564 331 except the one provided by --config-location.
332 When given inside a configuration
298f597b 333 file, no further configuration files are
334 loaded. Additionally, (for backward
335 compatibility) if this option is found
336 inside the system configuration file, the
8a51f564 337 user configuration is not loaded
0202b52a 338 --config-location PATH Location of the main configuration file;
339 either the path to the config or its
340 containing directory
c4af7684 341 --flat-playlist Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
8a51f564 342 only list them
6623ac34 343 --no-flat-playlist Extract the videos of a playlist
adbc4ec4
THD		 344 --live-from-start Download livestreams from the start.
345 Currently only supported for YouTube
87e04996 346 --no-live-from-start Download livestreams from the current time
347 (default)
91f071af 348 --wait-for-video MIN[-MAX] Wait for scheduled streams to become
349 available. Pass the minimum number of
350 seconds (or range) to wait between retries
351 --no-wait-for-video Do not wait for scheduled streams (default)
b5ae35ee 352 --mark-watched Mark videos watched (even with --simulate).
353 Currently only supported for YouTube
597c1866 354 --no-mark-watched Do not mark videos watched (default)
8a51f564 355 --no-colors Do not emit color codes in output
53ed7066 356 --compat-options OPTS Options that can help keep compatibility
31654882 357 with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc
53ed7066 358 configurations by reverting some of the
359 changes made in yt-dlp. See "Differences in
360 default behavior" for details
08c1d0d3 361
149f05c7 362## Network Options:
28b4f736 363 --proxy URL Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy.
0934c9d4
S		 364 To enable SOCKS proxy, specify a proper
365 scheme. For example
28b4f736
PH		 366 socks5://127.0.0.1:1080/. Pass in an empty
367 string (--proxy "") for direct connection
149f05c7 368 --socket-timeout SECONDS Time to wait before giving up, in seconds
c4af7684 369 --source-address IP Client-side IP address to bind to
c4af7684 370 -4, --force-ipv4 Make all connections via IPv4
c4af7684 371 -6, --force-ipv6 Make all connections via IPv6
8c6c88c7 372
b31fdeed 373## Geo-restriction:
c25f1a9b
S		 374 --geo-verification-proxy URL Use this proxy to verify the IP address for
375 some geo-restricted sites. The default
376 proxy specified by --proxy (or none, if the
7550ea50 377 option is not present) is used for the
8a51f564 378 actual downloading
8c6c88c7 379 --geo-bypass Bypass geographic restriction via faking
0934c9d4 380 X-Forwarded-For HTTP header
8c6c88c7
S		 381 --no-geo-bypass Do not bypass geographic restriction via
382 faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header
8c6c88c7
S		 383 --geo-bypass-country CODE Force bypass geographic restriction with
384 explicitly provided two-letter ISO 3166-2
0934c9d4 385 country code
9e18bb4c
S		 386 --geo-bypass-ip-block IP_BLOCK Force bypass geographic restriction with
387 explicitly provided IP block in CIDR
0934c9d4 388 notation
149f05c7 389
cfcec693 390## Video Selection:
1dc2726f
PH		 391 --playlist-start NUMBER Playlist video to start at (default is 1)
392 --playlist-end NUMBER Playlist video to end at (default is last)
c4af7684
PH		 393 --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC Playlist video items to download. Specify
394 indices of the videos in the playlist
395 separated by commas like: "--playlist-items
396 1,2,5,8" if you want to download videos
397 indexed 1, 2, 5, 8 in the playlist. You can
398 specify range: "--playlist-items
399 1-3,7,10-13", it will download the videos
8a51f564 400 at index 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12 and 13
c4af7684
PH		 401 --min-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos smaller than
402 SIZE (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
403 --max-filesize SIZE Do not download any videos larger than SIZE
404 (e.g. 50k or 44.6m)
0930b11f 405 --date DATE Download only videos uploaded on this date.
6623ac34 406 The date can be "YYYYMMDD" or in the format
407 "(now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)?"
c4af7684 408 --datebefore DATE Download only videos uploaded on or before
c76eb41b 409 this date. The date formats accepted is the
410 same as --date
c4af7684 411 --dateafter DATE Download only videos uploaded on or after
c76eb41b 412 this date. The date formats accepted is the
413 same as --date
77b87f05
MT		 414 --match-filter FILTER Generic video filter. Any field (see
415 "OUTPUT TEMPLATE") can be compared with a
a047eeb6 416 number or a string using the operators
417 defined in "Filtering formats". You can
418 also simply specify a field to match if the
419 field is present and "!field" to check if
420 the field is not present. In addition,
421 Python style regular expression matching
422 can be done using "~=", and multiple
423 filters can be checked with "&". Use a "\"
424 to escape "&" or quotes if needed. Eg:
425 --match-filter "!is_live & like_count>?100
2e7781a9 426 & description~='(?i)\bcats \& dogs\b'"
a047eeb6 427 matches only videos that are not live, has
428 a like count more than 100 (or the like
77b87f05 429 field is not available), and also has a
a047eeb6 430 description that contains the phrase "cats
431 & dogs" (ignoring case)
c76eb41b 432 --no-match-filter Do not use generic video filter (default)
c4af7684 433 --no-playlist Download only the video, if the URL refers
8a51f564 434 to a video and a playlist
c4af7684 435 --yes-playlist Download the playlist, if the URL refers to
8a51f564 436 a video and a playlist
c4af7684
PH		 437 --age-limit YEARS Download only videos suitable for the given
438 age
439 --download-archive FILE Download only videos not listed in the
440 archive file. Record the IDs of all
8a51f564 441 downloaded videos in it
91f071af 442 --no-download-archive Do not use archive file (default)
443 --max-downloads NUMBER Abort after downloading NUMBER files
8b0d7497 444 --break-on-existing Stop the download process when encountering
8a51f564 445 a file that is in the archive
8b0d7497 446 --break-on-reject Stop the download process when encountering
8a51f564 447 a file that has been filtered out
91f071af 448 --break-per-input Make --break-on-existing and --break-on-
449 reject act only on the current input URL
450 --no-break-per-input --break-on-existing and --break-on-reject
451 terminates the entire download queue
26e2805c 452 --skip-playlist-after-errors N Number of allowed failures until the rest
453 of the playlist is skipped
6bcd846b 454
d5a62e4f 455## Download Options:
b31fdeed 456 -N, --concurrent-fragments N Number of fragments of a dash/hlsnative
87e04996 457 video that should be downloaded
458 concurrently (default is 1)
5e3856a2 459 -r, --limit-rate RATE Maximum download rate in bytes per second
c4af7684 460 (e.g. 50K or 4.2M)
6aecd871 461 --throttled-rate RATE Minimum download rate in bytes per second
462 below which throttling is assumed and the
463 video data is re-extracted (e.g. 100K)
c4af7684 464 -R, --retries RETRIES Number of retries (default is 10), or
8a51f564 465 "infinite"
87e04996 466 --file-access-retries RETRIES Number of times to retry on file access
467 error (default is 10), or "infinite"
0be8314d 468 --fragment-retries RETRIES Number of retries for a fragment (default
b56e41a7
S		 469 is 10), or "infinite" (DASH, hlsnative and
470 ISM)
6623ac34 471 --skip-unavailable-fragments Skip unavailable fragments for DASH,
472 hlsnative and ISM (default)
8a51f564 473 (Alias: --no-abort-on-unavailable-fragment)
6623ac34 474 --abort-on-unavailable-fragment Abort downloading if a fragment is unavailable
8a51f564 475 (Alias: --no-skip-unavailable-fragments)
a82f4184 476 --keep-fragments Keep downloaded fragments on disk after
6623ac34 477 downloading is finished
c76eb41b 478 --no-keep-fragments Delete downloaded fragments after
479 downloading is finished (default)
c4af7684
PH		 480 --buffer-size SIZE Size of download buffer (e.g. 1024 or 16K)
481 (default is 1024)
c76eb41b 482 --resize-buffer The buffer size is automatically resized
483 from an initial value of --buffer-size
484 (default)
485 --no-resize-buffer Do not automatically adjust the buffer size
db157d2a
S		 486 --http-chunk-size SIZE Size of a chunk for chunk-based HTTP
487 downloading (e.g. 10485760 or 10M) (default
488 is disabled). May be useful for bypassing
489 bandwidth throttling imposed by a webserver
490 (experimental)
2101f5d4 491 --playlist-reverse Download playlist videos in reverse order
6623ac34 492 --no-playlist-reverse Download playlist videos in default order
c76eb41b 493 (default)
31487eb9 494 --playlist-random Download playlist videos in random order
c4af7684 495 --xattr-set-filesize Set file xattribute ytdl.filesize with
0934c9d4 496 expected file size
9bd20204 497 --hls-use-mpegts Use the mpegts container for HLS videos;
498 allowing some players to play the video
499 while downloading, and reducing the chance
500 of file corruption if download is
501 interrupted. This is enabled by default for
502 live streams
503 --no-hls-use-mpegts Do not use the mpegts container for HLS
504 videos. This is default when not
505 downloading live streams
52a8a1e1 506 --downloader [PROTO:]NAME Name or path of the external downloader to
507 use (optionally) prefixed by the protocols
508 (http, ftp, m3u8, dash, rstp, rtmp, mms) to
509 use it for. Currently supports native,
510 aria2c, avconv, axel, curl, ffmpeg, httpie,
511 wget (Recommended: aria2c). You can use
512 this option multiple times to set different
513 downloaders for different protocols. For
514 example, --downloader aria2c --downloader
515 "dash,m3u8:native" will use aria2c for
516 http/ftp downloads, and the native
517 downloader for dash/m3u8 downloads
518 (Alias: --external-downloader)
46ee996e 519 --downloader-args NAME:ARGS Give these arguments to the external
520 downloader. Specify the downloader name and
330690a2 521 the arguments separated by a colon ":". For
522 ffmpeg, arguments can be passed to
523 different positions using the same syntax
524 as --postprocessor-args. You can use this
525 option multiple times to give different
526 arguments to different downloaders
29b6000e 527 (Alias: --external-downloader-args)
d5a62e4f 528
cfcec693 529## Filesystem Options:
940a67a3 530 -a, --batch-file FILE File containing URLs to download ("-" for
e8dfecb3 531 stdin), one URL per line. Lines starting
940a67a3 532 with "#", ";" or "]" are considered as
8a51f564 533 comments and ignored
1e520b55 534 --no-batch-file Do not read URLs from batch file (default)
6ccf351a 535 -P, --paths [TYPES:]PATH The paths where the files should be
0202b52a 536 downloaded. Specify the type of file and
de6000d9 537 the path separated by a colon ":". All the
538 same types as --output are supported.
539 Additionally, you can also provide "home"
6ccf351a 540 (default) and "temp" paths. All
541 intermediary files are first downloaded to
542 the temp path and then the final files are
543 moved over to the home path after download
544 is finished. This option is ignored if
545 --output is an absolute path
d818eb74 546 -o, --output [TYPES:]TEMPLATE Output filename template; see "OUTPUT
c76eb41b 547 TEMPLATE" for details
0bc0a322 548 --output-na-placeholder TEXT Placeholder value for unavailable meta
549 fields in output filename template
550 (default: "NA")
c4af7684
PH		 551 --restrict-filenames Restrict filenames to only ASCII
552 characters, and avoid "&" and spaces in
553 filenames
c76eb41b 554 --no-restrict-filenames Allow Unicode characters, "&" and spaces in
555 filenames (default)
0930b11f 556 --windows-filenames Force filenames to be Windows-compatible
557 --no-windows-filenames Make filenames Windows-compatible only if
558 using Windows (default)
c2934512 559 --trim-filenames LENGTH Limit the filename length (excluding
560 extension) to the specified number of
561 characters
9b45b9f5 562 -w, --no-overwrites Do not overwrite any files
563 --force-overwrites Overwrite all video and metadata files.
564 This option includes --no-continue
565 --no-force-overwrites Do not overwrite the video, but overwrite
566 related files (default)
c25228e5 567 -c, --continue Resume partially downloaded files/fragments
568 (default)
569 --no-continue Do not resume partially downloaded
e58c22a0 570 fragments. If the file is not fragmented,
c25228e5 571 restart download of the entire file
c76eb41b 572 --part Use .part files instead of writing directly
6623ac34 573 into output file (default)
c4af7684
PH		 574 --no-part Do not use .part files - write directly
575 into output file
c76eb41b 576 --mtime Use the Last-modified header to set the
577 file modification time (default)
c4af7684
PH		 578 --no-mtime Do not use the Last-modified header to set
579 the file modification time
580 --write-description Write video description to a .description
581 file
6623ac34 582 --no-write-description Do not write video description (default)
1dc2726f 583 --write-info-json Write video metadata to a .info.json file
c25228e5 584 (this may contain personal information)
6623ac34 585 --no-write-info-json Do not write video metadata (default)
cac96421 586 --write-playlist-metafiles Write playlist metadata in addition to the
587 video metadata when using --write-info-json,
588 --write-description etc. (default)
589 --no-write-playlist-metafiles Do not write playlist metadata when using
590 --write-info-json, --write-description etc.
75d43ca0 591 --clean-infojson Remove some private fields such as
592 filenames from the infojson. Note that it
593 could still contain some personal
594 information (default)
595 --no-clean-infojson Write all fields to the infojson
2305e2e5 596 --write-comments Retrieve video comments to be placed in the
597 infojson. The comments are fetched even
598 without this option if the extraction is
599 known to be quick (Alias: --get-comments)
600 --no-write-comments Do not retrieve video comments unless the
601 extraction is known to be quick
602 (Alias: --no-get-comments)
d845622b 603 --load-info-json FILE JSON file containing the video information
c4af7684
PH		 604 (created with the "--write-info-json"
605 option)
91f071af 606 --cookies FILE Netscape formatted file to read cookies
607 from and dump cookie jar in
982ee69a
MB		 608 --no-cookies Do not read/dump cookies from/to file
609 (default)
f59f5ef8
MB		 610 --cookies-from-browser BROWSER[+KEYRING][:PROFILE]
611 The name of the browser and (optionally)
612 the name/path of the profile to load
613 cookies from, separated by a ":". Currently
614 supported browsers are: brave, chrome,
615 chromium, edge, firefox, opera, safari,
616 vivaldi. By default, the most recently
617 accessed profile is used. The keyring used
618 for decrypting Chromium cookies on Linux
619 can be (optionally) specified after the
620 browser name separated by a "+". Currently
621 supported keyrings are: basictext,
622 gnomekeyring, kwallet
982ee69a 623 --no-cookies-from-browser Do not load cookies from browser (default)
6623ac34 624 --cache-dir DIR Location in the filesystem where youtube-dl
3b1fe47d 625 can store some downloaded information (such
626 as client ids and signatures) permanently.
9ee4f0bb 627 By default $XDG_CACHE_HOME/yt-dlp or
628 ~/.cache/yt-dlp
36f35428
PH		 629 --no-cache-dir Disable filesystem caching
630 --rm-cache-dir Delete all filesystem cache files
6bcd846b 631
b31fdeed 632## Thumbnail Options:
1dc2726f 633 --write-thumbnail Write thumbnail image to disk
6623ac34 634 --no-write-thumbnail Do not write thumbnail image to disk
c76eb41b 635 (default)
1dc2726f 636 --write-all-thumbnails Write all thumbnail image formats to disk
34488702 637 --list-thumbnails List available thumbnails of each video.
638 Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
2b1bd292 639
732044af 640## Internet Shortcut Options:
8a51f564 641 --write-link Write an internet shortcut file, depending
642 on the current platform (.url, .webloc or
643 .desktop). The URL may be cached by the OS
644 --write-url-link Write a .url Windows internet shortcut. The
645 OS caches the URL based on the file path
646 --write-webloc-link Write a .webloc macOS internet shortcut
647 --write-desktop-link Write a .desktop Linux internet shortcut
732044af 648
0744a815 649## Verbosity and Simulation Options:
34488702 650 -q, --quiet Activate quiet mode. If used with
651 --verbose, print the log to stderr
6c072e7d 652 --no-warnings Ignore warnings
c4af7684
PH		 653 -s, --simulate Do not download the video and do not write
654 anything to disk
34488702 655 --no-simulate Download the video even if printing/listing
656 options are used
0930b11f 657 --ignore-no-formats-error Ignore "No video formats" error. Useful for
658 extracting metadata even if the videos are
659 not actually available for download
0cf05715 660 (experimental)
661 --no-ignore-no-formats-error Throw error when no downloadable video
662 formats are found (default)
e167860c 663 --skip-download Do not download the video but write all
664 related files (Alias: --no-download)
34488702 665 -O, --print TEMPLATE Quiet, but print the given fields for each
666 video. Simulate unless --no-simulate is
667 used. Either a field name or same syntax as
668 the output template can be used
669 -j, --dump-json Quiet, but print JSON information for each
670 video. Simulate unless --no-simulate is
671 used. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for a
672 description of available keys
673 -J, --dump-single-json Quiet, but print JSON information for each
674 url or infojson passed. Simulate unless
675 --no-simulate is used. If the URL refers to
676 a playlist, the whole playlist information
677 is dumped in a single line
8a51f564 678 --force-write-archive Force download archive entries to be
e58c22a0 679 written as far as no errors occur, even if
680 -s or another simulation option is used
8a51f564 681 (Alias: --force-download-archive)
1dc2726f
PH		 682 --newline Output progress bar as new lines
683 --no-progress Do not print progress bar
819e0531 684 --progress Show progress bar, even if in quiet mode
1dc2726f 685 --console-title Display progress in console titlebar
819e0531 686 --progress-template [TYPES:]TEMPLATE
687 Template for progress outputs, optionally
688 prefixed with one of "download:" (default),
689 "download-title:" (the console title),
690 "postprocess:", or "postprocess-title:".
691 The video's fields are accessible under the
692 "info" key and the progress attributes are
0930b11f 693 accessible under "progress" key. E.g.:
819e0531 694 --console-title --progress-template
695 "download-title:%(info.id)s-%(progress.eta)s"
1dc2726f 696 -v, --verbose Print various debugging information
c4af7684
PH		 697 --dump-pages Print downloaded pages encoded using base64
698 to debug problems (very verbose)
699 --write-pages Write downloaded intermediary pages to
700 files in the current directory to debug
701 problems
780083db 702 --print-traffic Display sent and read HTTP traffic
6bcd846b 703
36f35428
PH		 704## Workarounds:
705 --encoding ENCODING Force the specified encoding (experimental)
0930b11f 706 --no-check-certificates Suppress HTTPS certificate validation
c4af7684 707 --prefer-insecure Use an unencrypted connection to retrieve
e167860c 708 information about the video (Currently
05a7ffb1 709 supported only for YouTube)
1dc2726f 710 --user-agent UA Specify a custom user agent
c4af7684
PH		 711 --referer URL Specify a custom referer, use if the video
712 access is restricted to one domain
713 --add-header FIELD:VALUE Specify a custom HTTP header and its value,
45016689 714 separated by a colon ":". You can use this
c4af7684
PH		 715 option multiple times
716 --bidi-workaround Work around terminals that lack
717 bidirectional text support. Requires bidiv
718 or fribidi executable in PATH
1cf376f5 719 --sleep-requests SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep between requests
720 during data extraction
c4af7684 721 --sleep-interval SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep before each
e167860c 722 download. This is the minimum time to sleep
723 when used along with --max-sleep-interval
724 (Alias: --min-sleep-interval)
725 --max-sleep-interval SECONDS Maximum number of seconds to sleep. Can
726 only be used along with --min-sleep-interval
1cf376f5 727 --sleep-subtitles SECONDS Number of seconds to sleep before each
728 subtitle download
36f35428 729
cfcec693 730## Video Format Options:
eb8a4433 731 -f, --format FORMAT Video format code, see "FORMAT SELECTION"
732 for more details
733 -S, --format-sort SORTORDER Sort the formats by the fields given, see
734 "Sorting Formats" for more details
8a51f564 735 --S-force, --format-sort-force Force user specified sort order to have
736 precedence over all fields, see "Sorting
eb8a4433 737 Formats" for more details
738 --no-format-sort-force Some fields have precedence over the user
c76eb41b 739 specified sort order (default), see
740 "Sorting Formats" for more details
741 --video-multistreams Allow multiple video streams to be merged
742 into a single file
743 --no-video-multistreams Only one video stream is downloaded for
744 each output file (default)
745 --audio-multistreams Allow multiple audio streams to be merged
746 into a single file
747 --no-audio-multistreams Only one audio stream is downloaded for
748 each output file (default)
da9be05e 749 --prefer-free-formats Prefer video formats with free containers
750 over non-free ones of same quality. Use
751 with "-S ext" to strictly prefer free
752 containers irrespective of quality
753 --no-prefer-free-formats Don't give any special preference to free
754 containers (default)
0930b11f 755 --check-formats Check that the selected formats are
0ba692ac 756 actually downloadable
0930b11f 757 --check-all-formats Check all formats for whether they are
0ba692ac 758 actually downloadable
0930b11f 759 --no-check-formats Do not check that the formats are actually
760 downloadable
34488702 761 -F, --list-formats List available formats of each video.
762 Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
c4af7684
PH		 763 --merge-output-format FORMAT If a merge is required (e.g.
764 bestvideo+bestaudio), output to given
765 container format. One of mkv, mp4, ogg,
766 webm, flv. Ignored if no merge is required
8ae7be3e
PH		 767
768## Subtitle Options:
c76eb41b 769 --write-subs Write subtitle file
770 --no-write-subs Do not write subtitle file (default)
771 --write-auto-subs Write automatically generated subtitle file
e167860c 772 (Alias: --write-automatic-subs)
773 --no-write-auto-subs Do not write auto-generated subtitles
774 (default) (Alias: --no-write-automatic-subs)
34488702 775 --list-subs List available subtitles of each video.
776 Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
c4af7684
PH		 777 --sub-format FORMAT Subtitle format, accepts formats
778 preference, for example: "srt" or
779 "ass/srt/best"
c32b0aab 780 --sub-langs LANGS Languages of the subtitles to download (can
781 be regex) or "all" separated by commas.
a4211baf 782 (Eg: --sub-langs "en.*,ja") You can prefix
c32b0aab 783 the language code with a "-" to exempt it
784 from the requested languages. (Eg: --sub-
785 langs all,-live_chat) Use --list-subs for a
786 list of available language tags
6bcd846b 787
cfcec693 788## Authentication Options:
1dc2726f 789 -u, --username USERNAME Login with this account ID
c4af7684 790 -p, --password PASSWORD Account password. If this option is left
7a5c1cfe 791 out, yt-dlp will ask interactively
dc48a354 792 -2, --twofactor TWOFACTOR Two-factor authentication code
1dc2726f 793 -n, --netrc Use .netrc authentication data
0001fcb5 794 --netrc-location PATH Location of .netrc authentication data;
795 either the path or its containing
796 directory. Defaults to ~/.netrc
29f7c58a 797 --video-password PASSWORD Video password (vimeo, youku)
f5e008d1 798 --ap-mso MSO Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV
909d24dd 799 provider) identifier, use --ap-list-mso for
800 a list of available MSOs
f5e008d1
S		 801 --ap-username USERNAME Multiple-system operator account login
802 --ap-password PASSWORD Multiple-system operator account password.
c74d1aa3 803 If this option is left out, yt-dlp will ask
804 interactively
f5e008d1
S		 805 --ap-list-mso List all supported multiple-system
806 operators
807
c76eb41b 808## Post-Processing Options:
c4af7684 809 -x, --extract-audio Convert video files to audio-only files
e4172ac9 810 (requires ffmpeg and ffprobe)
3de7c2ce 811 --audio-format FORMAT Specify audio format to convert the audio
812 to when -x is used. Currently supported
813 formats are: best (default) or one of
9222c381 814 best|aac|flac|mp3|m4a|opus|vorbis|wav|alac
e4172ac9 815 --audio-quality QUALITY Specify ffmpeg audio quality, insert a
86c1a8aa 816 value between 0 (best) and 10 (worst) for
e4172ac9 817 VBR or a specific bitrate like 128K
c4af7684 818 (default 5)
c76eb41b 819 --remux-video FORMAT Remux the video into another container if
29b6000e 820 necessary (currently supported: mp4|mkv|flv
821 |webm|mov|avi|mp3|mka|m4a|ogg|opus). If
822 target container does not support the
06167fbb 823 video/audio codec, remuxing will fail. You
3de7c2ce 824 can specify multiple rules; Eg.
06167fbb 825 "aac>m4a/mov>mp4/mkv" will remux aac to
826 m4a, mov to mp4 and anything else to mkv.
c76eb41b 827 --recode-video FORMAT Re-encode the video into another format if
3de7c2ce 828 re-encoding is necessary. The syntax and
829 supported formats are the same as --remux-video
1b77b347 830 --postprocessor-args NAME:ARGS Give these arguments to the postprocessors.
43820c03 831 Specify the postprocessor/executable name
45016689 832 and the arguments separated by a colon ":"
833 to give the argument to the specified
8fa43c73 834 postprocessor/executable. Supported PP are:
7a340e0d
NA		 835 Merger, ModifyChapters, SplitChapters,
836 ExtractAudio, VideoRemuxer, VideoConvertor,
8fa43c73 837 Metadata, EmbedSubtitle, EmbedThumbnail,
838 SubtitlesConvertor, ThumbnailsConvertor,
6aecd871 839 FixupStretched, FixupM4a, FixupM3u8,
840 FixupTimestamp and FixupDuration. The
8fa43c73 841 supported executables are: AtomicParsley,
9ee4f0bb 842 FFmpeg and FFprobe. You can also specify
7a340e0d
NA		 843 "PP+EXE:ARGS" to give the arguments to the
844 specified executable only when being used
845 by the specified postprocessor.
846 Additionally, for ffmpeg/ffprobe, "_i"/"_o"
847 can be appended to the prefix optionally
848 followed by a number to pass the argument
849 before the specified input/output file. Eg:
850 --ppa "Merger+ffmpeg_i1:-v quiet". You can
851 use this option multiple times to give
e4172ac9 852 different arguments to different
5b1ecbb3 853 postprocessors. (Alias: --ppa)
c76eb41b 854 -k, --keep-video Keep the intermediate video file on disk
6623ac34 855 after post-processing
c76eb41b 856 --no-keep-video Delete the intermediate video file after
6623ac34 857 post-processing (default)
858 --post-overwrites Overwrite post-processed files (default)
859 --no-post-overwrites Do not overwrite post-processed files
0be8314d
PH		 860 --embed-subs Embed subtitles in the video (only for mp4,
861 webm and mkv videos)
c76eb41b 862 --no-embed-subs Do not embed subtitles (default)
6aecd871 863 --embed-thumbnail Embed thumbnail in the video as cover art
6623ac34 864 --no-embed-thumbnail Do not embed thumbnail (default)
9222c381 865 --embed-metadata Embed metadata to the video file. Also
866 embeds chapters/infojson if present unless
867 --no-embed-chapters/--no-embed-info-json
868 are used (Alias: --add-metadata)
7a340e0d 869 --no-embed-metadata Do not add metadata to file (default)
6aecd871 870 (Alias: --no-add-metadata)
7a340e0d
NA		 871 --embed-chapters Add chapter markers to the video file
872 (Alias: --add-chapters)
873 --no-embed-chapters Do not add chapter markers (default)
874 (Alias: --no-add-chapters)
9222c381 875 --embed-info-json Embed the infojson as an attachment to
876 mkv/mka video files
877 --no-embed-info-json Do not embed the infojson as an attachment
878 to the video file
73cd218f 879 --parse-metadata FROM:TO Parse additional metadata like title/artist
880 from other fields; see "MODIFYING METADATA"
881 for details
e9f4ccd1 882 --replace-in-metadata FIELDS REGEX REPLACE
883 Replace text in a metadata field using the
884 given regex. This option can be used
885 multiple times
c4af7684
PH		 886 --xattrs Write metadata to the video file's xattrs
887 (using dublin core and xdg standards)
888 --fixup POLICY Automatically correct known faults of the
889 file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
890 emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the
891 default; fix file if we can, warn
6aecd871 892 otherwise), force (try fixing even if file
87e04996 893 already exists)
e4172ac9 894 --ffmpeg-location PATH Location of the ffmpeg binary; either the
895 path to the binary or its containing
896 directory
c4af7684 897 --exec CMD Execute a command on the file after
34488702 898 downloading and post-processing. Same
899 syntax as the output template can be used
9de3ea31 900 to pass any field as arguments to the
901 command. An additional field "filepath"
902 that contains the final path of the
903 downloaded file is also available. If no
7d1eb38a 904 fields are passed, %(filepath)q is appended
34488702 905 to the end of the command. This option can
906 be used multiple times
907 --no-exec Remove any previously defined --exec
5520aa2d 908 --exec-before-download CMD Execute a command before the actual
909 download. The syntax is the same as --exec
34488702 910 but "filepath" is not available. This
911 option can be used multiple times
912 --no-exec-before-download Remove any previously defined
913 --exec-before-download
e167860c 914 --convert-subs FORMAT Convert the subtitles to another format
3de7c2ce 915 (currently supported: srt|vtt|ass|lrc)
e167860c 916 (Alias: --convert-subtitles)
8fa43c73 917 --convert-thumbnails FORMAT Convert the thumbnails to another format
3de7c2ce 918 (currently supported: jpg|png)
72755351 919 --split-chapters Split video into multiple files based on
920 internal chapters. The "chapter:" prefix
921 can be used with "--paths" and "--output"
922 to set the output filename for the split
923 files. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for details
924 --no-split-chapters Do not split video based on chapters
925 (default)
7a340e0d 926 --remove-chapters REGEX Remove chapters whose title matches the
2d9ec704 927 given regular expression. Time ranges
928 prefixed by a "*" can also be used in place
929 of chapters to remove the specified range.
930 Eg: --remove-chapters "*10:15-15:00"
931 --remove-chapters "intro". This option can
7a340e0d 932 be used multiple times
9ee4f0bb 933 --no-remove-chapters Do not remove any chapters from the file
934 (default)
7a340e0d
NA		 935 --force-keyframes-at-cuts Force keyframes around the chapters before
936 removing/splitting them. Requires a
e75bb0d6 937 re-encode and thus is very slow, but the
7a340e0d
NA		 938 resulting video may have fewer artifacts
939 around the cuts
940 --no-force-keyframes-at-cuts Do not force keyframes around the chapters
941 when cutting/splitting (default)
3ae5e797 942 --use-postprocessor NAME[:ARGS] The (case sensitive) name of plugin
943 postprocessors to be enabled, and
944 (optionally) arguments to be passed to it,
e75bb0d6 945 separated by a colon ":". ARGS are a
3ae5e797 946 semicolon ";" delimited list of NAME=VALUE.
947 The "when" argument determines when the
948 postprocessor is invoked. It can be one of
949 "pre_process" (after extraction),
950 "before_dl" (before video download),
951 "post_process" (after video download;
952 default) or "after_move" (after moving file
953 to their final locations). This option can
954 be used multiple times to add different
955 postprocessors
7a340e0d
NA		 956
957## SponsorBlock Options:
958Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
959 introductions, etc.) from downloaded YouTube videos using the
8a51f564 960 [SponsorBlock API](https://sponsor.ajay.app)
961
7a340e0d
NA		 962 --sponsorblock-mark CATS SponsorBlock categories to create chapters
963 for, separated by commas. Available
8157a09d
NA		 964 categories are all, default(=all), sponsor,
965 intro, outro, selfpromo, preview, filler,
966 interaction, music_offtopic, poi_highlight.
967 You can prefix the category with a "-" to
968 exempt it. See [1] for description of the
969 categories. Eg: --sponsorblock-mark all,-preview
970 [1] https://wiki.sponsor.ajay.app/w/Segment_Categories
7a340e0d
NA		 971 --sponsorblock-remove CATS SponsorBlock categories to be removed from
972 the video file, separated by commas. If a
973 category is present in both mark and
974 remove, remove takes precedence. The syntax
975 and available categories are the same as
8157a09d
NA		 976 for --sponsorblock-mark except that
977 "default" refers to "all,-filler" and
978 poi_highlight is not available
7a340e0d
NA		 979 --sponsorblock-chapter-title TEMPLATE
980 The title template for SponsorBlock
981 chapters created by --sponsorblock-mark.
982 The same syntax as the output template is
983 used, but the only available fields are
984 start_time, end_time, category, categories,
985 name, category_names. Defaults to
986 "[SponsorBlock]: %(category_names)l"
987 --no-sponsorblock Disable both --sponsorblock-mark and
988 --sponsorblock-remove
989 --sponsorblock-api URL SponsorBlock API location, defaults to
990 https://sponsor.ajay.app
a9e7f546 991
78895bd3 992## Extractor Options:
5ef7d9bd 993 --extractor-retries RETRIES Number of retries for known extractor
d6e51845 994 errors (default is 3), or "infinite"
6623ac34 995 --allow-dynamic-mpd Process dynamic DASH manifests (default)
8a51f564 996 (Alias: --no-ignore-dynamic-mpd)
997 --ignore-dynamic-mpd Do not process dynamic DASH manifests
998 (Alias: --no-allow-dynamic-mpd)
e409895f 999 --hls-split-discontinuity Split HLS playlists to different formats at
1000 discontinuities such as ad breaks
1001 --no-hls-split-discontinuity Do not split HLS playlists to different
1002 formats at discontinuities such as ad
1003 breaks (default)
5d3a0e79 1004 --extractor-args KEY:ARGS Pass these arguments to the extractor. See
1005 "EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS" for details. You can
1006 use this option multiple times to give
245524e6 1007 arguments for different extractors
17cb02d0 1008
b7770046
U		 1009# CONFIGURATION
1010
7a5c1cfe 1011You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:
e2e43aea 1012
0202b52a 10131. **Main Configuration**: The file given by `--config-location`
7a5c1cfe
P		 10141. **Portable Configuration**: `yt-dlp.conf` in the same directory as the bundled binary. If you are running from source-code (`<root dir>/yt_dlp/__main__.py`), the root directory is used instead.
10151. **Home Configuration**: `yt-dlp.conf` in the home path given by `-P "home:<path>"`, or in the current directory if no such path is given
e2e43aea 10161. **User Configuration**:
1017 * `%XDG_CONFIG_HOME%/yt-dlp/config` (recommended on Linux/macOS)
1018 * `%XDG_CONFIG_HOME%/yt-dlp.conf`
1019 * `%APPDATA%/yt-dlp/config` (recommended on Windows)
1020 * `%APPDATA%/yt-dlp/config.txt`
1021 * `~/yt-dlp.conf`
1022 * `~/yt-dlp.conf.txt`
1023
ec2e44fc 1024 `%XDG_CONFIG_HOME%` defaults to `~/.config` if undefined. On windows, `%APPDATA%` generally points to `C:\Users\<user name>\AppData\Roaming` and `~` points to `%HOME%` if present, `%USERPROFILE%` (generally `C:\Users\<user name>`), or `%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%`
07cce701 10251. **System Configuration**: `/etc/yt-dlp.conf`
b7770046 1026
7a5c1cfe 1027For example, with the following configuration file yt-dlp will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under `YouTube` directory in your home directory:
b7770046
U		 1028```
1029# Lines starting with # are comments
1030
1031# Always extract audio
1032-x
1033
1034# Do not copy the mtime
1035--no-mtime
1036
1037# Use this proxy
1038--proxy 127.0.0.1:3128
1039
298f597b 1040# Save all videos under YouTube directory in your home directory
1041-o ~/YouTube/%(title)s.%(ext)s
b7770046
U		 1042```
1043
e2e43aea 1044Note that options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`.
b7770046 1045
a4211baf 1046You can use `--ignore-config` if you want to disable all configuration files for a particular yt-dlp run. If `--ignore-config` is found inside any configuration file, no further configuration will be loaded. For example, having the option in the portable configuration file prevents loading of home, user, and system configurations. Additionally, (for backward compatibility) if `--ignore-config` is found inside the system configuration file, the user configuration is not loaded.
b7770046
U		 1047
1048### Authentication with `.netrc` file
1049
0001fcb5 1050You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every yt-dlp execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](https://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on a per extractor basis. For that you will need to create a `.netrc` file in `--netrc-location` and restrict permissions to read/write by only you:
b7770046
U		 1051```
1052touch $HOME/.netrc
1053chmod a-rwx,u+rw $HOME/.netrc
1054```
1055After that you can add credentials for an extractor in the following format, where *extractor* is the name of the extractor in lowercase:
1056```
0001fcb5 1057machine <extractor> login <username> password <password>
b7770046
U		 1058```
1059For example:
1060```
1061machine youtube login myaccount@gmail.com password my_youtube_password
1062machine twitch login my_twitch_account_name password my_twitch_password
1063```
7a5c1cfe 1064To activate authentication with the `.netrc` file you should pass `--netrc` to yt-dlp or place it in the [configuration file](#configuration).
b7770046 1065
0001fcb5 1066The default location of the .netrc file is `$HOME` (`~`) in UNIX. On Windows, it is `%HOME%` if present, `%USERPROFILE%` (generally `C:\Users\<user name>`) or `%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH%`
b7770046
U		 1067
1068# OUTPUT TEMPLATE
1069
0202b52a 1070The `-o` option is used to indicate a template for the output file names while `-P` option is used to specify the path each type of file should be saved to.
b7770046 1071
ec2e44fc 1072<!-- MANPAGE: BEGIN EXCLUDED SECTION -->
b7770046 1073**tl;dr:** [navigate me to examples](#output-template-examples).
ec2e44fc 1074<!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
b7770046 1075
e58c22a0 1076The simplest usage of `-o` is not to set any template arguments when downloading a single file, like in `yt-dlp -o funny_video.flv "https://some/video"` (hard-coding file extension like this is _not_ recommended and could break some post-processing).
a439a3a4 1077
0930b11f 1078It may however also contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloading each video. The special sequences may be formatted according to [Python string formatting operations](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting). For example, `%(NAME)s` or `%(NAME)05d`. To clarify, that is a percent symbol followed by a name in parentheses, followed by formatting operations.
a439a3a4 1079
1080The field names themselves (the part inside the parenthesis) can also have some special formatting:
2b8a2973 10811. **Object traversal**: The dictionaries and lists available in metadata can be traversed by using a `.` (dot) separator. You can also do python slicing using `:`. Eg: `%(tags.0)s`, `%(subtitles.en.-1.ext)s`, `%(id.3:7:-1)s`, `%(formats.:.format_id)s`. `%()s` refers to the entire infodict. Note that all the fields that become available using this method are not listed below. Use `-j` to see such fields
ec2e44fc 1082
e625be0d 10831. **Addition**: Addition and subtraction of numeric fields can be done using `+` and `-` respectively. Eg: `%(playlist_index+10)03d`, `%(n_entries+1-playlist_index)d`
ec2e44fc 1084
e625be0d 10851. **Date/time Formatting**: Date/time fields can be formatted according to [strftime formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-format-codes) by specifying it separated from the field name using a `>`. Eg: `%(duration>%H-%M-%S)s`, `%(upload_date>%Y-%m-%d)s`, `%(epoch-3600>%H-%M-%S)s`
ec2e44fc 1086
e75bb0d6 10871. **Alternatives**: Alternate fields can be specified separated with a `,`. Eg: `%(release_date>%Y,upload_date>%Y|Unknown)s`
ec2e44fc 1088
e978789f
P		 10891. **Replacement**: A replacement value can specified using a `&` separator. If the field is *not* empty, this replacement value will be used instead of the actual field content. This is done after alternate fields are considered; thus the replacement is used if *any* of the alternative fields is *not* empty.
1090
e75bb0d6 10911. **Default**: A literal default value can be specified for when the field is empty using a `|` separator. This overrides `--output-na-template`. Eg: `%(uploader|Unknown)s`
ec2e44fc 1092
37893bb0 10931. **More Conversions**: In addition to the normal format types `diouxXeEfFgGcrs`, `B`, `j`, `l`, `q`, `D`, `S` can be used for converting to **B**ytes, **j**son (flag `#` for pretty-printing), a comma separated **l**ist (flag `#` for `\n` newline-separated), a string **q**uoted for the terminal (flag `#` to split a list into different arguments), to add **D**ecimal suffixes (Eg: 10M), and to **S**anitize as filename (flag `#` for restricted), respectively
ec2e44fc 1094
524e2e4f 10951. **Unicode normalization**: The format type `U` can be used for NFC [unicode normalization](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unicodedata.html#unicodedata.normalize). The alternate form flag (`#`) changes the normalization to NFD and the conversion flag `+` can be used for NFKC/NFKD compatibility equivalence normalization. Eg: `%(title)+.100U` is NFKC
a439a3a4 1096
1097To summarize, the general syntax for a field is:
1098```
e978789f 1099%(name[.keys][addition][>strf][,alternate][&replacement][|default])[flags][width][.precision][length]type
a439a3a4 1100```
de6000d9 1101
940a67a3 1102Additionally, you can set different output templates for the various metadata files separately from the general output template by specifying the type of file followed by the template separated by a colon `:`. The different file types supported are `subtitle`, `thumbnail`, `description`, `annotation` (deprecated), `infojson`, `link`, `pl_thumbnail`, `pl_description`, `pl_infojson`, `chapter`. For example, `-o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "thumbnail:%(title)s\%(title)s.%(ext)s"` will put the thumbnails in a folder with the same name as the video. If any of the templates (except default) is empty, that type of file will not be written. Eg: `--write-thumbnail -o "thumbnail:"` will write thumbnails only for playlists and not for video.
e29663c6 1103
1104The available fields are:
b7770046
U		 1105
1106 - `id` (string): Video identifier
1107 - `title` (string): Video title
1108 - `url` (string): Video URL
1109 - `ext` (string): Video filename extension
1110 - `alt_title` (string): A secondary title of the video
597c1866 1111 - `description` (string): The description of the video
b7770046
U		 1112 - `display_id` (string): An alternative identifier for the video
1113 - `uploader` (string): Full name of the video uploader
1114 - `license` (string): License name the video is licensed under
1115 - `creator` (string): The creator of the video
b7770046
U		 1116 - `timestamp` (numeric): UNIX timestamp of the moment the video became available
1117 - `upload_date` (string): Video upload date (YYYYMMDD)
e6f21b3d 1118 - `release_date` (string): The date (YYYYMMDD) when the video was released
1119 - `release_timestamp` (numeric): UNIX timestamp of the moment the video was released
b7770046
U		 1120 - `uploader_id` (string): Nickname or id of the video uploader
1121 - `channel` (string): Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on
1122 - `channel_id` (string): Id of the channel
1123 - `location` (string): Physical location where the video was filmed
1124 - `duration` (numeric): Length of the video in seconds
53c18592 1125 - `duration_string` (string): Length of the video (HH:mm:ss)
b7770046
U		 1126 - `view_count` (numeric): How many users have watched the video on the platform
1127 - `like_count` (numeric): Number of positive ratings of the video
1128 - `dislike_count` (numeric): Number of negative ratings of the video
1129 - `repost_count` (numeric): Number of reposts of the video
1130 - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
277d6ff5 1131 - `comment_count` (numeric): Number of comments on the video (For some extractors, comments are only downloaded at the end, and so this field cannot be used)
b7770046 1132 - `age_limit` (numeric): Age restriction for the video (years)
940a67a3 1133 - `live_status` (string): One of "is_live", "was_live", "is_upcoming", "not_live"
b7770046 1134 - `is_live` (boolean): Whether this video is a live stream or a fixed-length video
f76ede8e 1135 - `was_live` (boolean): Whether this video was originally a live stream
6cfda058 1136 - `playable_in_embed` (string): Whether this video is allowed to play in embedded players on other sites
940a67a3 1137 - `availability` (string): Whether the video is "private", "premium_only", "subscriber_only", "needs_auth", "unlisted" or "public"
b7770046
U		 1138 - `start_time` (numeric): Time in seconds where the reproduction should start, as specified in the URL
1139 - `end_time` (numeric): Time in seconds where the reproduction should end, as specified in the URL
29b6000e 1140 - `format` (string): A human-readable description of the format
b7770046
U		 1141 - `format_id` (string): Format code specified by `--format`
1142 - `format_note` (string): Additional info about the format
1143 - `width` (numeric): Width of the video
1144 - `height` (numeric): Height of the video
1145 - `resolution` (string): Textual description of width and height
1146 - `tbr` (numeric): Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
1147 - `abr` (numeric): Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
1148 - `acodec` (string): Name of the audio codec in use
1149 - `asr` (numeric): Audio sampling rate in Hertz
1150 - `vbr` (numeric): Average video bitrate in KBit/s
1151 - `fps` (numeric): Frame rate
176f1866 1152 - `dynamic_range` (string): The dynamic range of the video
b7770046
U		 1153 - `vcodec` (string): Name of the video codec in use
1154 - `container` (string): Name of the container format
1155 - `filesize` (numeric): The number of bytes, if known in advance
1156 - `filesize_approx` (numeric): An estimate for the number of bytes
1157 - `protocol` (string): The protocol that will be used for the actual download
1158 - `extractor` (string): Name of the extractor
1159 - `extractor_key` (string): Key name of the extractor
1160 - `epoch` (numeric): Unix epoch when creating the file
1161 - `autonumber` (numeric): Number that will be increased with each download, starting at `--autonumber-start`
e6f21b3d 1162 - `n_entries` (numeric): Total number of extracted items in the playlist
b7770046 1163 - `playlist` (string): Name or id of the playlist that contains the video
e6f21b3d 1164 - `playlist_index` (numeric): Index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according the final index
1165 - `playlist_autonumber` (numeric): Position of the video in the playlist download queue padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist
b7770046
U		 1166 - `playlist_id` (string): Playlist identifier
1167 - `playlist_title` (string): Playlist title
1168 - `playlist_uploader` (string): Full name of the playlist uploader
1169 - `playlist_uploader_id` (string): Nickname or id of the playlist uploader
bd99f6e6 1170 - `webpage_url` (string): A URL to the video webpage which if given to yt-dlp should allow to get the same result again
0bb322b9 1171 - `webpage_url_basename` (string): The basename of the webpage URL
1172 - `webpage_url_domain` (string): The domain of the webpage URL
bd99f6e6 1173 - `original_url` (string): The URL given by the user (or same as `webpage_url` for playlist entries)
b7770046
U		 1174
1175Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section:
1176
1177 - `chapter` (string): Name or title of the chapter the video belongs to
1178 - `chapter_number` (numeric): Number of the chapter the video belongs to
1179 - `chapter_id` (string): Id of the chapter the video belongs to
1180
1181Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme:
1182
1183 - `series` (string): Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to
1184 - `season` (string): Title of the season the video episode belongs to
1185 - `season_number` (numeric): Number of the season the video episode belongs to
1186 - `season_id` (string): Id of the season the video episode belongs to
1187 - `episode` (string): Title of the video episode
1188 - `episode_number` (numeric): Number of the video episode within a season
1189 - `episode_id` (string): Id of the video episode
1190
1191Available for the media that is a track or a part of a music album:
1192
1193 - `track` (string): Title of the track
1194 - `track_number` (numeric): Number of the track within an album or a disc
1195 - `track_id` (string): Id of the track
1196 - `artist` (string): Artist(s) of the track
1197 - `genre` (string): Genre(s) of the track
1198 - `album` (string): Title of the album the track belongs to
1199 - `album_type` (string): Type of the album
1200 - `album_artist` (string): List of all artists appeared on the album
1201 - `disc_number` (numeric): Number of the disc or other physical medium the track belongs to
1202 - `release_year` (numeric): Year (YYYY) when the album was released
1203
b050d210 1204Available for `chapter:` prefix when using `--split-chapters` for videos with internal chapters:
72755351 1205
1206 - `section_title` (string): Title of the chapter
1207 - `section_number` (numeric): Number of the chapter within the file
1208 - `section_start` (numeric): Start time of the chapter in seconds
1209 - `section_end` (numeric): End time of the chapter in seconds
1210
53c18592 1211Available only when used in `--print`:
1212
1213 - `urls` (string): The URLs of all requested formats, one in each line
1214 - `filename` (string): Name of the video file. Note that the actual filename may be different due to post-processing. Use `--exec echo` to get the name after all postprocessing is complete
7a340e0d
NA		 1215
1216Available only in `--sponsorblock-chapter-title`:
1217
1218 - `start_time` (numeric): Start time of the chapter in seconds
1219 - `end_time` (numeric): End time of the chapter in seconds
1220 - `categories` (list): The SponsorBlock categories the chapter belongs to
1221 - `category` (string): The smallest SponsorBlock category the chapter belongs to
1222 - `category_names` (list): Friendly names of the categories
1223 - `name` (string): Friendly name of the smallest category
53c18592 1224
49a57e70 1225Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. For example for `-o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s` and an mp4 video with title `yt-dlp test video` and id `BaW_jenozKc`, this will result in a `yt-dlp test video-BaW_jenozKc.mp4` file created in the current directory.
1226
1227Note that some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with placeholder value provided with `--output-na-placeholder` (`NA` by default).
b7770046 1228
0930b11f 1229**Tip**: Look at the `-j` output to identify which fields are available for the particular URL
b7770046 1230
49a57e70 1231For numeric sequences you can use [numeric related formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting), for example, `%(view_count)05d` will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in `00042`.
b7770046 1232
940a67a3 1233Output templates can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. `-o "%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s"` which will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you.
b7770046
U		 1234
1235To use percent literals in an output template use `%%`. To output to stdout use `-o -`.
1236
91ebc640 1237The current default template is `%(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s`.
b7770046 1238
f304da8a 1239In some cases, you don't want special characters such as 中, spaces, or &, such as when transferring the downloaded filename to a Windows system or the filename through an 8bit-unsafe channel. In these cases, add the `--restrict-filenames` flag to get a shorter title.
b7770046 1240
ec2e44fc 1241<!-- MANPAGE: BEGIN EXCLUDED SECTION -->
b7770046
U		 1242#### Output template and Windows batch files
1243
1244If you are using an output template inside a Windows batch file then you must escape plain percent characters (`%`) by doubling, so that `-o "%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"` should become `-o "%%(title)s-%%(id)s.%%(ext)s"`. However you should not touch `%`'s that are not plain characters, e.g. environment variables for expansion should stay intact: `-o "C:\%HOMEPATH%\Desktop\%%(title)s.%%(ext)s"`.
ec2e44fc 1245<!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
b7770046
U		 1246
1247#### Output template examples
1248
b7770046 1249```bash
940a67a3 1250$ yt-dlp --get-filename -o "test video.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc
9222c381 1251test video.webm # Literal name with correct extension
1252
940a67a3 1253$ yt-dlp --get-filename -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc
9222c381 1254youtube-dl test video ''_ä↭𝕐.webm # All kinds of weird characters
b7770046 1255
940a67a3 1256$ yt-dlp --get-filename -o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --restrict-filenames
9222c381 1257youtube-dl_test_video_.webm # Restricted file name
b7770046
U		 1258
1259# Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directory indexed by video order in a playlist
940a67a3 1260$ yt-dlp -o "%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re"
b7770046 1261
b050d210 1262# Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directories according to their uploaded year
940a67a3 1263$ yt-dlp -o "%(upload_date>%Y)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re"
e29663c6 1264
e978789f
P		 1265# Prefix playlist index with " - " separator, but only if it is available
1266$ yt-dlp -o '%(playlist_index|)s%(playlist_index& - |)s%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists
1267
b7770046 1268# Download all playlists of YouTube channel/user keeping each playlist in separate directory:
940a67a3 1269$ yt-dlp -o "%(uploader)s/%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists"
b7770046
U		 1270
1271# Download Udemy course keeping each chapter in separate directory under MyVideos directory in your home
940a67a3 1272$ yt-dlp -u user -p password -P "~/MyVideos" -o "%(playlist)s/%(chapter_number)s - %(chapter)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.udemy.com/java-tutorial"
b7770046
U		 1273
1274# Download entire series season keeping each series and each season in separate directory under C:/MyVideos
940a67a3 1275$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episode_number)s - %(episode)s.%(ext)s" "https://videomore.ru/kino_v_detalayah/5_sezon/367617"
b7770046
U		 1276
1277# Stream the video being downloaded to stdout
7a5c1cfe 1278$ yt-dlp -o - BaW_jenozKc
b7770046
U		 1279```
1280
1281# FORMAT SELECTION
1282
7a5c1cfe
P		 1283By default, yt-dlp tries to download the best available quality if you **don't** pass any options.
1284This is generally equivalent to using `-f bestvideo*+bestaudio/best`. However, if multiple audiostreams is enabled (`--audio-multistreams`), the default format changes to `-f bestvideo+bestaudio/best`. Similarly, if ffmpeg is unavailable, or if you use yt-dlp to stream to `stdout` (`-o -`), the default becomes `-f best/bestvideo+bestaudio`.
b7770046 1285
c111cefa 1286**Deprecation warning**: Latest versions of yt-dlp can stream multiple formats to the stdout simultaneously using ffmpeg. So, in future versions, the default for this will be set to `-f bv*+ba/b` similar to normal downloads. If you want to preserve the `-f b/bv+ba` setting, it is recommended to explicitly specify it in the configuration options.
1287
eff63539 1288The general syntax for format selection is `-f FORMAT` (or `--format FORMAT`) where `FORMAT` is a *selector expression*, i.e. an expression that describes format or formats you would like to download.
b7770046 1289
ec2e44fc 1290<!-- MANPAGE: BEGIN EXCLUDED SECTION -->
b7770046 1291**tl;dr:** [navigate me to examples](#format-selection-examples).
ec2e44fc 1292<!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
b7770046 1293
a439a3a4 1294The simplest case is requesting a specific format, for example with `-f 22` you can download the format with format code equal to 22. You can get the list of available format codes for particular video using `--list-formats` or `-F`. Note that these format codes are extractor specific.
b7770046
U		 1295
1296You can also use a file extension (currently `3gp`, `aac`, `flv`, `m4a`, `mp3`, `mp4`, `ogg`, `wav`, `webm` are supported) to download the best quality format of a particular file extension served as a single file, e.g. `-f webm` will download the best quality format with the `webm` extension served as a single file.
1297
fa9f30b8 1298You can use `-f -` to interactively provide the format selector *for each video*
1299
b7770046
U		 1300You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:
1301
59a7a13e 1302 - `all`: Select **all formats** separately
1303 - `mergeall`: Select and **merge all formats** (Must be used with `--audio-multistreams`, `--video-multistreams` or both)
1304 - `b*`, `best*`: Select the best quality format that **contains either** a video or an audio
1305 - `b`, `best`: Select the best quality format that **contains both** video and audio. Equivalent to `best*[vcodec!=none][acodec!=none]`
1306 - `bv`, `bestvideo`: Select the best quality **video-only** format. Equivalent to `best*[acodec=none]`
1307 - `bv*`, `bestvideo*`: Select the best quality format that **contains video**. It may also contain audio. Equivalent to `best*[vcodec!=none]`
1308 - `ba`, `bestaudio`: Select the best quality **audio-only** format. Equivalent to `best*[vcodec=none]`
1309 - `ba*`, `bestaudio*`: Select the best quality format that **contains audio**. It may also contain video. Equivalent to `best*[acodec!=none]`
1310 - `w*`, `worst*`: Select the worst quality format that contains either a video or an audio
909d24dd 1311 - `w`, `worst`: Select the worst quality format that contains both video and audio. Equivalent to `worst*[vcodec!=none][acodec!=none]`
909d24dd 1312 - `wv`, `worstvideo`: Select the worst quality video-only format. Equivalent to `worst*[acodec=none]`
909d24dd 1313 - `wv*`, `worstvideo*`: Select the worst quality format that contains video. It may also contain audio. Equivalent to `worst*[vcodec!=none]`
909d24dd 1314 - `wa`, `worstaudio`: Select the worst quality audio-only format. Equivalent to `worst*[vcodec=none]`
909d24dd 1315 - `wa*`, `worstaudio*`: Select the worst quality format that contains audio. It may also contain video. Equivalent to `worst*[acodec!=none]`
b7770046 1316
e58c22a0 1317For example, to download the worst quality video-only format you can use `-f worstvideo`. It is however recommended not to use `worst` and related options. When your format selector is `worst`, the format which is worst in all respects is selected. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-f best -S +size,+br,+res,+fps` instead of `-f worst`. See [sorting formats](#sorting-formats) for more details.
eff63539 1318
1319You can select the n'th best format of a type by using `best<type>.<n>`. For example, `best.2` will select the 2nd best combined format. Similarly, `bv*.3` will select the 3rd best format that contains a video stream.
b7770046 1320
eb8a4433 1321If you want to download multiple videos and they don't have the same formats available, you can specify the order of preference using slashes. Note that formats on the left hand side are preferred, for example `-f 22/17/18` will download format 22 if it's available, otherwise it will download format 17 if it's available, otherwise it will download format 18 if it's available, otherwise it will complain that no suitable formats are available for download.
b7770046
U		 1322
1323If you want to download several formats of the same video use a comma as a separator, e.g. `-f 22,17,18` will download all these three formats, of course if they are available. Or a more sophisticated example combined with the precedence feature: `-f 136/137/mp4/bestvideo,140/m4a/bestaudio`.
1324
d806c9fd 1325You can merge the video and audio of multiple formats into a single file using `-f <format1>+<format2>+...` (requires ffmpeg installed), for example `-f bestvideo+bestaudio` will download the best video-only format, the best audio-only format and mux them together with ffmpeg.
1326
1327**Deprecation warning**: Since the *below* described behavior is complex and counter-intuitive, this will be removed and multistreams will be enabled by default in the future. A new operator will be instead added to limit formats to single audio/video
1328
1329Unless `--video-multistreams` is used, all formats with a video stream except the first one are ignored. Similarly, unless `--audio-multistreams` is used, all formats with an audio stream except the first one are ignored. For example, `-f bestvideo+best+bestaudio --video-multistreams --audio-multistreams` will download and merge all 3 given formats. The resulting file will have 2 video streams and 2 audio streams. But `-f bestvideo+best+bestaudio --no-video-multistreams` will download and merge only `bestvideo` and `bestaudio`. `best` is ignored since another format containing a video stream (`bestvideo`) has already been selected. The order of the formats is therefore important. `-f best+bestaudio --no-audio-multistreams` will download and merge both formats while `-f bestaudio+best --no-audio-multistreams` will ignore `best` and download only `bestaudio`.
eb8a4433 1330
1331## Filtering Formats
1332
b7770046
U		 1333You can also filter the video formats by putting a condition in brackets, as in `-f "best[height=720]"` (or `-f "[filesize>10M]"`).
1334
1335The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`, `=` (equals), `!=` (not equals):
1336
1337 - `filesize`: The number of bytes, if known in advance
1338 - `width`: Width of the video, if known
1339 - `height`: Height of the video, if known
1340 - `tbr`: Average bitrate of audio and video in KBit/s
1341 - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
1342 - `vbr`: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
1343 - `asr`: Audio sampling rate in Hertz
1344 - `fps`: Frame rate
1345
1346Also filtering work for comparisons `=` (equals), `^=` (starts with), `$=` (ends with), `*=` (contains) and following string meta fields:
1347
1348 - `ext`: File extension
1349 - `acodec`: Name of the audio codec in use
1350 - `vcodec`: Name of the video codec in use
1351 - `container`: Name of the container format
1352 - `protocol`: The protocol that will be used for the actual download, lower-case (`http`, `https`, `rtsp`, `rtmp`, `rtmpe`, `mms`, `f4m`, `ism`, `http_dash_segments`, `m3u8`, or `m3u8_native`)
1353 - `format_id`: A short description of the format
29f7c58a 1354 - `language`: Language code
b7770046
U		 1355
1356Any string comparison may be prefixed with negation `!` in order to produce an opposite comparison, e.g. `!*=` (does not contain).
1357
e58c22a0 1358Note that none of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the website. Any other field made available by the extractor can also be used for filtering.
b7770046 1359
e094cec1 1360Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (`?`) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so `-f "[height<=?720][tbr>500]"` selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. You can also use the filters with `all` to download all formats that satisfy the filter. For example, `-f "all[vcodec=none]"` selects all audio-only formats.
b7770046 1361
940a67a3 1362Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses, for example if you want to download the best pre-merged mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480 you can use `-f "(mp4,webm)[height<480]"`.
b7770046 1363
eb8a4433 1364## Sorting Formats
1365
2e7781a9 1366You can change the criteria for being considered the `best` by using `-S` (`--format-sort`). The general format for this is `--format-sort field1,field2...`.
1367
1368The available fields are:
eb8a4433 1369
63be1aab 1370 - `hasvid`: Gives priority to formats that has a video stream
1371 - `hasaud`: Gives priority to formats that has a audio stream
1372 - `ie_pref`: The format preference as given by the extractor
1373 - `lang`: Language preference as given by the extractor
dca3ff4a 1374 - `quality`: The quality of the format as given by the extractor
63be1aab 1375 - `source`: Preference of the source as given by the extractor
d80d98e7 1376 - `proto`: Protocol used for download (`https`/`ftps` > `http`/`ftp` > `m3u8_native`/`m3u8` > `http_dash_segments`> `websocket_frag` > `mms`/`rtsp` > `f4f`/`f4m`)
1377 - `vcodec`: Video Codec (`av01` > `vp9.2` > `vp9` > `h265` > `h264` > `vp8` > `h263` > `theora` > other)
1378 - `acodec`: Audio Codec (`flac`/`alac` > `wav`/`aiff` > `opus` > `vorbis` > `aac` > `mp4a` > `mp3` > `eac3` > `ac3` > `dts` > other)
eb8a4433 1379 - `codec`: Equivalent to `vcodec,acodec`
d80d98e7 1380 - `vext`: Video Extension (`mp4` > `webm` > `flv` > other). If `--prefer-free-formats` is used, `webm` is preferred.
1381 - `aext`: Audio Extension (`m4a` > `aac` > `mp3` > `ogg` > `opus` > `webm` > other). If `--prefer-free-formats` is used, the order changes to `opus` > `ogg` > `webm` > `m4a` > `mp3` > `aac`.
63be1aab 1382 - `ext`: Equivalent to `vext,aext`
0930b11f 1383 - `filesize`: Exact filesize, if known in advance
63be1aab 1384 - `fs_approx`: Approximate filesize calculated from the manifests
1385 - `size`: Exact filesize if available, otherwise approximate filesize
eb8a4433 1386 - `height`: Height of video
1387 - `width`: Width of video
63be1aab 1388 - `res`: Video resolution, calculated as the smallest dimension.
1389 - `fps`: Framerate of video
49a57e70 1390 - `hdr`: The dynamic range of the video (`DV` > `HDR12` > `HDR10+` > `HDR10` > `HLG` > `SDR`)
63be1aab 1391 - `tbr`: Total average bitrate in KBit/s
1392 - `vbr`: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
1393 - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
1394 - `br`: Equivalent to using `tbr,vbr,abr`
1395 - `asr`: Audio sample rate in Hz
d806c9fd 1396
1397**Deprecation warning**: Many of these fields have (currently undocumented) aliases, that may be removed in a future version. It is recommended to use only the documented field names.
eb8a4433 1398
9ee4f0bb 1399All fields, unless specified otherwise, are sorted in descending order. To reverse this, prefix the field with a `+`. Eg: `+res` prefers format with the smallest resolution. Additionally, you can suffix a preferred value for the fields, separated by a `:`. Eg: `res:720` prefers larger videos, but no larger than 720p and the smallest video if there are no videos less than 720p. For `codec` and `ext`, you can provide two preferred values, the first for video and the second for audio. Eg: `+codec:avc:m4a` (equivalent to `+vcodec:avc,+acodec:m4a`) sets the video codec preference to `h264` > `h265` > `vp9` > `vp9.2` > `av01` > `vp8` > `h263` > `theora` and audio codec preference to `mp4a` > `aac` > `vorbis` > `opus` > `mp3` > `ac3` > `dts`. You can also make the sorting prefer the nearest values to the provided by using `~` as the delimiter. Eg: `filesize~1G` prefers the format with filesize closest to 1 GiB.
1400
176f1866 1401The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behaviour can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,codec:vp9.2,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.
eb8a4433 1402
e75bb0d6 1403Note that the default has `codec:vp9.2`; i.e. `av1` is not preferred. Similarly, the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. dolby vision is not preferred. These choices are made since DV and AV1 formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future as more devices become capable of smoothly playing back these formats.
eb8a4433 1404
e58c22a0 1405If your format selector is `worst`, the last item is selected after sorting. This means it will select the format that is worst in all respects. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-f best -S +size,+br,+res,+fps`.
eb8a4433 1406
1407**Tip**: You can use the `-v -F` to see how the formats have been sorted (worst to best).
1408
eb8a4433 1409## Format Selection examples
b7770046 1410
b7770046 1411```bash
e58c22a0 1412# Download and merge the best video-only format and the best audio-only format,
909d24dd 1413# or download the best combined format if video-only format is not available
940a67a3 1414$ yt-dlp -f "bv+ba/b"
909d24dd 1415
1416# Download best format that contains video,
1417# and if it doesn't already have an audio stream, merge it with best audio-only format
940a67a3 1418$ yt-dlp -f "bv*+ba/b"
2af884ff 1419
1420# Same as above
7a5c1cfe 1421$ yt-dlp
909d24dd 1422
6fd35a11 1423# Download the best video-only format and the best audio-only format without merging them
1424# For this case, an output template should be used since
1425# by default, bestvideo and bestaudio will have the same file name.
940a67a3 1426$ yt-dlp -f "bv,ba" -o "%(title)s.f%(format_id)s.%(ext)s"
909d24dd 1427
f8d4ad9a 1428# Download and merge the best format that has a video stream,
1429# and all audio-only formats into one file
940a67a3 1430$ yt-dlp -f "bv*+mergeall[vcodec=none]" --audio-multistreams
f8d4ad9a 1431
1432# Download and merge the best format that has a video stream,
1433# and the best 2 audio-only formats into one file
940a67a3 1434$ yt-dlp -f "bv*+ba+ba.2" --audio-multistreams
909d24dd 1435
6fd35a11 1436
1437# The following examples show the old method (without -S) of format selection
f8d4ad9a 1438# and how to use -S to achieve a similar but (generally) better result
6fd35a11 1439
1440# Download the worst video available (old method)
940a67a3 1441$ yt-dlp -f "wv*+wa/w"
eb8a4433 1442
1443# Download the best video available but with the smallest resolution
940a67a3 1444$ yt-dlp -S "+res"
eb8a4433 1445
1446# Download the smallest video available
940a67a3 1447$ yt-dlp -S "+size,+br"
eb8a4433 1448
1449
909d24dd 1450
eb8a4433 1451# Download the best mp4 video available, or the best video if no mp4 available
940a67a3 1452$ yt-dlp -f "bv*[ext=mp4]+ba[ext=m4a]/b[ext=mp4] / bv*+ba/b"
eb8a4433 1453
1454# Download the best video with the best extension
1455# (For video, mp4 > webm > flv. For audio, m4a > aac > mp3 ...)
940a67a3 1456$ yt-dlp -S "ext"
eb8a4433 1457
1458
909d24dd 1459
eb8a4433 1460# Download the best video available but no better than 480p,
1461# or the worst video if there is no video under 480p
940a67a3 1462$ yt-dlp -f "bv*[height<=480]+ba/b[height<=480] / wv*+ba/w"
b7770046 1463
eb8a4433 1464# Download the best video available with the largest height but no better than 480p,
1465# or the best video with the smallest resolution if there is no video under 480p
940a67a3 1466$ yt-dlp -S "height:480"
b7770046 1467
eb8a4433 1468# Download the best video available with the largest resolution but no better than 480p,
1469# or the best video with the smallest resolution if there is no video under 480p
1470# Resolution is determined by using the smallest dimension.
1471# So this works correctly for vertical videos as well
940a67a3 1472$ yt-dlp -S "res:480"
b7770046 1473
b7770046 1474
909d24dd 1475
eb8a4433 1476# Download the best video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
1477# or the worst video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
940a67a3 1478$ yt-dlp -f "b[filesize<50M] / w"
eb8a4433 1479
1480# Download largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
1481# or the smallest video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
940a67a3 1482$ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize:50M"
eb8a4433 1483
1484# Download best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
940a67a3 1485$ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize~50M"
eb8a4433 1486
1487
909d24dd 1488
eb8a4433 1489# Download best video available via direct link over HTTP/HTTPS protocol,
1490# or the best video available via any protocol if there is no such video
940a67a3 1491$ yt-dlp -f "(bv*+ba/b)[protocol^=http][protocol!*=dash] / (bv*+ba/b)"
eb8a4433 1492
1493# Download best video available via the best protocol
1494# (https/ftps > http/ftp > m3u8_native > m3u8 > http_dash_segments ...)
940a67a3 1495$ yt-dlp -S "proto"
eb8a4433 1496
1497
909d24dd 1498
eb8a4433 1499# Download the best video with h264 codec, or the best video if there is no such video
940a67a3 1500$ yt-dlp -f "(bv*+ba/b)[vcodec^=avc1] / (bv*+ba/b)"
eb8a4433 1501
1502# Download the best video with best codec no better than h264,
1503# or the best video with worst codec if there is no such video
940a67a3 1504$ yt-dlp -S "codec:h264"
eb8a4433 1505
1506# Download the best video with worst codec no worse than h264,
1507# or the best video with best codec if there is no such video
940a67a3 1508$ yt-dlp -S "+codec:h264"
eb8a4433 1509
1510
1511
1512# More complex examples
1513
e58c22a0 1514# Download the best video no better than 720p preferring framerate greater than 30,
1515# or the worst video (still preferring framerate greater than 30) if there is no such video
940a67a3 1516$ yt-dlp -f "((bv*[fps>30]/bv*)[height<=720]/(wv*[fps>30]/wv*)) + ba / (b[fps>30]/b)[height<=720]/(w[fps>30]/w)"
eb8a4433 1517
1518# Download the video with the largest resolution no better than 720p,
f8d4ad9a 1519# or the video with the smallest resolution available if there is no such video,
e58c22a0 1520# preferring larger framerate for formats with the same resolution
940a67a3 1521$ yt-dlp -S "res:720,fps"
eb8a4433 1522
1523
909d24dd 1524
eb8a4433 1525# Download the video with smallest resolution no worse than 480p,
1526# or the video with the largest resolution available if there is no such video,
e58c22a0 1527# preferring better codec and then larger total bitrate for the same resolution
940a67a3 1528$ yt-dlp -S "+res:480,codec,br"
b7770046 1529```
eb8a4433 1530
73cd218f 1531# MODIFYING METADATA
1532
a4211baf 1533The metadata obtained by the extractors can be modified by using `--parse-metadata` and `--replace-in-metadata`
e9f4ccd1 1534
418964fa 1535`--replace-in-metadata FIELDS REGEX REPLACE` is used to replace text in any metadata field using [python regular expression](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax). [Backreferences](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html?highlight=backreferences#re.sub) can be used in the replace string for advanced use.
e9f4ccd1 1536
2e7781a9 1537The general syntax of `--parse-metadata FROM:TO` is to give the name of a field or an [output template](#output-template) to extract data from, and the format to interpret it as, separated by a colon `:`. Either a [python regular expression](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax) with named capture groups or a similar syntax to the [output template](#output-template) (only `%(field)s` formatting is supported) can be used for `TO`. The option can be used multiple times to parse and modify various fields.
73cd218f 1538
1539Note that any field created by this can be used in the [output template](#output-template) and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using `--add-metadata`.
1540
9c2b75b5 1541This option also has a few special uses:
28b0eb0f 1542* You can download an additional URL based on the metadata of the currently downloaded video. To do this, set the field `additional_urls` to the URL that you want to download. Eg: `--parse-metadata "description:(?P<additional_urls>https?://www\.vimeo\.com/\d+)` will download the first vimeo video found in the description
b11d2101 1543* You can use this to change the metadata that is embedded in the media file. To do this, set the value of the corresponding field with a `meta_` prefix. For example, any value you set to `meta_description` field will be added to the `description` field in the file. For example, you can use this to set a different "description" and "synopsis". Any value set to the `meta_` field will overwrite all default values.
c31be5b0 1544
1545For reference, these are the fields yt-dlp adds by default to the file metadata:
1546
1547Metadata fields|From
1548:---|:---
1549`title`|`track` or `title`
1550`date`|`upload_date`
1551`description`, `synopsis`|`description`
1552`purl`, `comment`|`webpage_url`
1553`track`|`track_number`
1554`artist`|`artist`, `creator`, `uploader` or `uploader_id`
1555`genre`|`genre`
1556`album`|`album`
1557`album_artist`|`album_artist`
1558`disc`|`disc_number`
1559`show`|`series`
1560`season_number`|`season_number`
1561`episode_id`|`episode` or `episode_id`
1562`episode_sort`|`episode_number`
1563`language` of each stream|From the format's `language`
1564**Note**: The file format may not support some of these fields
1565
73cd218f 1566
1567## Modifying metadata examples
1568
73cd218f 1569```bash
1570# Interpret the title as "Artist - Title"
940a67a3 1571$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "title:%(artist)s - %(title)s"
73cd218f 1572
1573# Regex example
940a67a3 1574$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "description:Artist - (?P<artist>.+)"
73cd218f 1575
1576# Set title as "Series name S01E05"
940a67a3 1577$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "%(series)s S%(season_number)02dE%(episode_number)02d:%(title)s"
73cd218f 1578
1579# Set "comment" field in video metadata using description instead of webpage_url
940a67a3 1580$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "description:(?s)(?P<meta_comment>.+)" --add-metadata
73cd218f 1581
0930b11f 1582# Remove "formats" field from the infojson by setting it to an empty string
940a67a3 1583$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata ":(?P<formats>)" -j
0930b11f 1584
e9f4ccd1 1585# Replace all spaces and "_" in title and uploader with a `-`
940a67a3 1586$ yt-dlp --replace-in-metadata "title,uploader" "[ _]" "-"
e9f4ccd1 1587
73cd218f 1588```
1589
5d3a0e79 1590# EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS
1591
59a7a13e 1592Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. Eg: `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=android_agegate,web;include_live_dash" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`
5d3a0e79 1593
1594The following extractors use this feature:
96565c7e 1595
1596#### youtube
1597* `skip`: `hls` or `dash` (or both) to skip download of the respective manifests
d0d012d4 1598* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `android`, `ios`, `mweb`. These also have `_music`, `_embedded`, `_agegate`, and `_creator` variants (Eg: `web_embedded`) (`mweb` has only `_agegate`). By default, `android,web` is used, but the agegate and creator variants are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly the music variants are added for `music.youtube.com` urls. You can also use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients.
96565c7e 1599* `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) for more details
adbc4ec4 1600* `include_live_dash`: Include live dash formats even without `--live-from-start` (These formats don't download properly)
96565c7e 1601* `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
e75bb0d6 1602* `max_comments`: Limit the amount of comments to gather. Comma-separated list of integers representing `max-comments,max-parents,max-replies,max-replies-per-thread`. Default is `all,all,all,all`.
46383212 1603 * E.g. `all,all,1000,10` will get a maximum of 1000 replies total, with up to 10 replies per thread. `1000,all,100` will get a maximum of 1000 comments, with a maximum of 100 replies total.
1604* `max_comment_depth` Maximum depth for nested comments. YouTube supports depths 1 or 2 (default)
1605 * **Deprecated**: Set `max-replies` to `0` or `all` in `max_comments` instead (e.g. `max_comments=all,all,0` to get no replies)
96565c7e 1606
1607#### youtubetab (YouTube playlists, channels, feeds, etc.)
1608* `skip`: One or more of `webpage` (skip initial webpage download), `authcheck` (allow the download of playlists requiring authentication when no initial webpage is downloaded. This may cause unwanted behavior, see [#1122](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/1122) for more details)
1609
1610#### funimation
1611* `language`: Languages to extract. Eg: `funimation:language=english,japanese`
1612* `version`: The video version to extract - `uncut` or `simulcast`
1613
a9d4da60 1614#### crunchyroll
1615* `language`: Languages to extract. Eg: `crunchyroll:language=jaJp`
1616* `hardsub`: Which hard-sub versions to extract. Eg: `crunchyroll:hardsub=None,enUS`
1617
96565c7e 1618#### vikichannel
1619* `video_types`: Types of videos to download - one or more of `episodes`, `movies`, `clips`, `trailers`
73d829c1 1620
aa4b0545 1621#### youtubewebarchive
1622* `check_all`: Try to check more at the cost of more requests. One or more of `thumbnails`, `captures`
1623
d43de682
M		 1624#### gamejolt
1625* `comment_sort`: `hot` (default), `you` (cookies needed), `top`, `new` - choose comment sorting mode (on GameJolt's side)
1626
bc97cdae 1627NOTE: These options may be changed/removed in the future without concern for backward compatibility
5d3a0e79 1628
ec2e44fc 1629<!-- MANPAGE: MOVE "INSTALLATION" SECTION HERE -->
1630
3acf6d38 1631
f74980cb 1632# PLUGINS
b7770046 1633
3ae5e797 1634Plugins are loaded from `<root-dir>/ytdlp_plugins/<type>/__init__.py`; where `<root-dir>` is the directory of the binary (`<root-dir>/yt-dlp`), or the root directory of the module if you are running directly from source-code (`<root dir>/yt_dlp/__main__.py`). Plugins are currently not supported for the `pip` version
1635
1636Plugins can be of `<type>`s `extractor` or `postprocessor`. Extractor plugins do not need to be enabled from the CLI and are automatically invoked when the input URL is suitable for it. Postprocessor plugins can be invoked using `--use-postprocessor NAME`.
1637
1638See [ytdlp_plugins](ytdlp_plugins) for example plugins.
1639
1640Note that **all** plugins are imported even if not invoked, and that **there are no checks** performed on plugin code. Use plugins at your own risk and only if you trust the code
1641
1642If you are a plugin author, add [ytdlp-plugins](https://github.com/topics/ytdlp-plugins) as a topic to your repository for discoverability
b7770046 1643
b7770046 1644
8c6f4daa 1645
1646# EMBEDDING YT-DLP
1647
1648yt-dlp makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language.
1649
1650Your program should avoid parsing the normal stdout since they may change in future versions. Instead they should use options such as `-J`, `--print`, `--progress-template`, `--exec` etc to create console output that you can reliably reproduce and parse.
1651
1652From a Python program, you can embed yt-dlp in a more powerful fashion, like this:
1653
1654```python
59a7a13e 1655from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
8c6f4daa 1656
093a1710 1657ydl_opts = {'format': 'bestaudio'}
59a7a13e 1658with YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
8c6f4daa 1659 ydl.download(['https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'])
1660```
1661
f304da8a 1662Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at [`yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py`](yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py#L162).
8c6f4daa 1663
093a1710 1664Here's a more complete example demonstrating various functionality:
8c6f4daa 1665
1666```python
1667import json
8c6f4daa 1668import yt_dlp
8c6f4daa 1669
1670
1671class MyLogger:
1672 def debug(self, msg):
e75bb0d6 1673 # For compatibility with youtube-dl, both debug and info are passed into debug
8c6f4daa 1674 # You can distinguish them by the prefix '[debug] '
1675 if msg.startswith('[debug] '):
1676 pass
1677 else:
1678 self.info(msg)
1679
1680 def info(self, msg):
1681 pass
1682
1683 def warning(self, msg):
1684 pass
1685
1686 def error(self, msg):
1687 print(msg)
1688
1689
093a1710 1690# ℹ️ See the docstring of yt_dlp.postprocessor.common.PostProcessor
59a7a13e 1691class MyCustomPP(yt_dlp.postprocessor.PostProcessor):
093a1710 1692 # ℹ️ See docstring of yt_dlp.postprocessor.common.PostProcessor.run
8c6f4daa 1693 def run(self, info):
1694 self.to_screen('Doing stuff')
1695 return [], info
1696
1697
093a1710 1698# ℹ️ See "progress_hooks" in the docstring of yt_dlp.YoutubeDL
8c6f4daa 1699def my_hook(d):
1700 if d['status'] == 'finished':
1701 print('Done downloading, now converting ...')
1702
1703
093a1710 1704def format_selector(ctx):
1705 """ Select the best video and the best audio that won't result in an mkv.
1706 This is just an example and does not handle all cases """
1707
1708 # formats are already sorted worst to best
1709 formats = ctx.get('formats')[::-1]
1710
1711 # acodec='none' means there is no audio
1712 best_video = next(f for f in formats
1713 if f['vcodec'] != 'none' and f['acodec'] == 'none')
1714
1715 # find compatible audio extension
1716 audio_ext = {'mp4': 'm4a', 'webm': 'webm'}[best_video['ext']]
1717 # vcodec='none' means there is no video
1718 best_audio = next(f for f in formats if (
1719 f['acodec'] != 'none' and f['vcodec'] == 'none' and f['ext'] == audio_ext))
1720
1721 yield {
1722 # These are the minimum required fields for a merged format
1723 'format_id': f'{best_video["format_id"]}+{best_audio["format_id"]}',
1724 'ext': best_video['ext'],
1725 'requested_formats': [best_video, best_audio],
e75bb0d6 1726 # Must be + separated list of protocols
093a1710 1727 'protocol': f'{best_video["protocol"]}+{best_audio["protocol"]}'
1728 }
1729
1730
1731# ℹ️ See docstring of yt_dlp.YoutubeDL for a description of the options
8c6f4daa 1732ydl_opts = {
093a1710 1733 'format': format_selector,
8c6f4daa 1734 'postprocessors': [{
093a1710 1735 # Embed metadata in video using ffmpeg.
1736 # ℹ️ See yt_dlp.postprocessor.FFmpegMetadataPP for the arguments it accepts
1737 'key': 'FFmpegMetadata',
1738 'add_chapters': True,
1739 'add_metadata': True,
8c6f4daa 1740 }],
1741 'logger': MyLogger(),
1742 'progress_hooks': [my_hook],
1743}
1744
59a7a13e 1745
1746# Add custom headers
1747yt_dlp.utils.std_headers.update({'Referer': 'https://www.google.com'})
1748
093a1710 1749# ℹ️ See the public functions in yt_dlp.YoutubeDL for for other available functions.
1750# Eg: "ydl.download", "ydl.download_with_info_file"
8c6f4daa 1751with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
1752 ydl.add_post_processor(MyCustomPP())
1753 info = ydl.extract_info('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc')
093a1710 1754
1755 # ℹ️ ydl.sanitize_info makes the info json-serializable
8c6f4daa 1756 print(json.dumps(ydl.sanitize_info(info)))
1757```
1758
49a57e70 1759**Tip**: If you are porting your code from youtube-dl to yt-dlp, one important point to look out for is that we do not guarantee the return value of `YoutubeDL.extract_info` to be json serializable, or even be a dictionary. It will be dictionary-like, but if you want to ensure it is a serializable dictionary, pass it through `YoutubeDL.sanitize_info` as shown in the example above
1760
8c6f4daa 1761
ec2e44fc 1762<!-- MANPAGE: MOVE "NEW FEATURES" SECTION HERE -->
1763
e167860c 1764# DEPRECATED OPTIONS
1765
1766These are all the deprecated options and the current alternative to achieve the same effect
1767
6ccf351a 1768#### Redundant options
1769While these options are redundant, they are still expected to be used due to their ease of use
f4536226 1770
53c18592 1771 --get-description --print description
1772 --get-duration --print duration_string
1773 --get-filename --print filename
1774 --get-format --print format
1775 --get-id --print id
1776 --get-thumbnail --print thumbnail
1777 -e, --get-title --print title
1778 -g, --get-url --print urls
2b8a2973 1779 -j, --dump-json --print "%()j"
8f18aca8 1780 --match-title REGEX --match-filter "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
1781 --reject-title REGEX --match-filter "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
1782 --min-views COUNT --match-filter "view_count >=? COUNT"
1783 --max-views COUNT --match-filter "view_count <=? COUNT"
6ccf351a 1784
1785
1786#### Not recommended
1787While these options still work, their use is not recommended since there are other alternatives to achieve the same
1788
d9aa2332 1789 --all-formats -f all
c32b0aab 1790 --all-subs --sub-langs all --write-subs
b7b04c78 1791 --print-json -j --no-simulate
e167860c 1792 --autonumber-size NUMBER Use string formatting. Eg: %(autonumber)03d
a439a3a4 1793 --autonumber-start NUMBER Use internal field formatting like %(autonumber+NUMBER)s
19b824f6 1794 --id -o "%(id)s.%(ext)s"
73cd218f 1795 --metadata-from-title FORMAT --parse-metadata "%(title)s:FORMAT"
52a8a1e1 1796 --hls-prefer-native --downloader "m3u8:native"
1797 --hls-prefer-ffmpeg --downloader "m3u8:ffmpeg"
53ed7066 1798 --list-formats-old --compat-options list-formats (Alias: --no-list-formats-as-table)
1799 --list-formats-as-table --compat-options -list-formats [Default] (Alias: --no-list-formats-old)
5d3a0e79 1800 --youtube-skip-dash-manifest --extractor-args "youtube:skip=dash" (Alias: --no-youtube-include-dash-manifest)
1801 --youtube-skip-hls-manifest --extractor-args "youtube:skip=hls" (Alias: --no-youtube-include-hls-manifest)
1802 --youtube-include-dash-manifest Default (Alias: --no-youtube-skip-dash-manifest)
1803 --youtube-include-hls-manifest Default (Alias: --no-youtube-skip-hls-manifest)
6ccf351a 1804
1805
1806#### Developer options
1807These options are not intended to be used by the end-user
1808
34488702 1809 --test Download only part of video for testing extractors
6ccf351a 1810 --youtube-print-sig-code For testing youtube signatures
88acdbc2 1811 --allow-unplayable-formats List unplayable formats also
1812 --no-allow-unplayable-formats Default
f4536226 1813
1814
1815#### Old aliases
1816These are aliases that are no longer documented for various reasons
1817
1818 --avconv-location --ffmpeg-location
1819 --cn-verification-proxy URL --geo-verification-proxy URL
1820 --dump-headers --print-traffic
1821 --dump-intermediate-pages --dump-pages
1822 --force-write-download-archive --force-write-archive
1823 --load-info --load-info-json
1824 --no-split-tracks --no-split-chapters
e167860c 1825 --no-write-srt --no-write-subs
e167860c 1826 --prefer-unsecure --prefer-insecure
1827 --rate-limit RATE --limit-rate RATE
f4536226 1828 --split-tracks --split-chapters
1829 --srt-lang LANGS --sub-langs LANGS
e167860c 1830 --trim-file-names LENGTH --trim-filenames LENGTH
f4536226 1831 --write-srt --write-subs
e167860c 1832 --yes-overwrites --force-overwrites
f4536226 1833
7a340e0d 1834#### Sponskrub Options
f304da8a 1835Support for [SponSkrub](https://github.com/faissaloo/SponSkrub) has been deprecated in favor of the `--sponsorblock` options
7a340e0d
NA		 1836
1837 --sponskrub --sponsorblock-mark all
1838 --no-sponskrub --no-sponsorblock
1839 --sponskrub-cut --sponsorblock-remove all
1840 --no-sponskrub-cut --sponsorblock-remove -all
1841 --sponskrub-force Not applicable
1842 --no-sponskrub-force Not applicable
1843 --sponskrub-location Not applicable
1844 --sponskrub-args Not applicable
1845
f4536226 1846#### No longer supported
1847These options may no longer work as intended
1848
1849 --prefer-avconv avconv is not officially supported by yt-dlp (Alias: --no-prefer-ffmpeg)
1850 --prefer-ffmpeg Default (Alias: --no-prefer-avconv)
1851 -C, --call-home Not implemented
1852 --no-call-home Default
1853 --include-ads No longer supported
1854 --no-include-ads Default
0bb1bc1b 1855 --write-annotations No supported site has annotations now
1856 --no-write-annotations Default
486fb179 1857
1858#### Removed
1859These options were deprecated since 2014 and have now been entirely removed
1860
f4536226 1861 -A, --auto-number -o "%(autonumber)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"
1862 -t, --title -o "%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s"
1863 -l, --literal -o accepts literal names
1864
8c6f4daa 1865# CONTRIBUTING
1866See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md#contributing-to-yt-dlp) for instructions on [Opening an Issue](CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue) and [Contributing code to the project](CONTRIBUTING.md#developer-instructions)
e167860c 1867
c2b5f311 1868# MORE
8c6f4daa 1869For FAQ see the [youtube-dl README](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl#faq)
fork of https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/