]> jfr.im git - yt-dlp.git/blobdiff - yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
[cleanup] Add keyword automatically to SearchIE descriptions
[yt-dlp.git] / yt_dlp / extractor / youtube.py
index dee2dbebcf39cbd59c9115c5fcf7c106fd7e13bc..6a7a2ce1a4961c343a9f22361322168136d80c6b 100644 (file)
 )
 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
 from ..utils import (
-    bool_or_none,
     bytes_to_intlist,
     clean_html,
-    dict_get,
     datetime_from_str,
+    dict_get,
     error_to_compat_str,
     ExtractorError,
-    format_field,
     float_or_none,
+    format_field,
     int_or_none,
     intlist_to_bytes,
+    is_html,
     mimetype2ext,
+    network_exceptions,
+    orderedSet,
     parse_codecs,
     parse_count,
     parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_qs,
     qualities,
+    remove_end,
     remove_start,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
     str_to_int,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
     unsmuggle_url,
     update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
-    urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
-    variadic
+    variadic,
 )
 
 
-def parse_qs(url):
-    return compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
+# any clients starting with _ cannot be explicity requested by the user
+INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
+    'web': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20210622.10.00',
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1
+    },
+    'web_embedded': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20210620.0.1',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 56
+    },
+    'web_music': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyC9XL3ZjWddXya6X74dJoCTL-WEYFDNX30',
+        'INNERTUBE_HOST': 'music.youtube.com',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB_REMIX',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20210621.00.00',
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 67,
+    },
+    'web_creator': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB_CREATOR',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20210621.00.00',
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 62,
+    },
+    'android': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'ANDROID',
+                'clientVersion': '16.20',
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
+    },
+    'android_embedded': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
+                'clientVersion': '16.20',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 55,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
+    },
+    'android_music': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyC9XL3ZjWddXya6X74dJoCTL-WEYFDNX30',
+        'INNERTUBE_HOST': 'music.youtube.com',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
+                'clientVersion': '4.32',
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 21,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
+    },
+    'android_creator': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'ANDROID_CREATOR',
+                'clientVersion': '21.24.100',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 14,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
+    },
+    # ios has HLS live streams
+    # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/680
+    'ios': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'IOS',
+                'clientVersion': '16.20',
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
+    },
+    'ios_embedded': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyDCU8hByM-4DrUqRUYnGn-3llEO78bcxq8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'IOS_MESSAGES_EXTENSION',
+                'clientVersion': '16.20',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 66,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
+    },
+    'ios_music': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyDK3iBpDP9nHVTk2qL73FLJICfOC3c51Og',
+        'INNERTUBE_HOST': 'music.youtube.com',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'IOS_MUSIC',
+                'clientVersion': '4.32',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 26,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
+    },
+    'ios_creator': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'IOS_CREATOR',
+                'clientVersion': '21.24.100',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 15,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
+    },
+    # mweb has 'ultralow' formats
+    # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/557
+    'mweb': {
+        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyDCU8hByM-4DrUqRUYnGn-3llEO78bcxq8',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'MWEB',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20210721.07.00',
+            }
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 2
+    },
+}
+
+
+def build_innertube_clients():
+    third_party = {
+        'embedUrl': 'https://google.com',  # Can be any valid URL
+    }
+    base_clients = ('android', 'web', 'ios', 'mweb')
+    priority = qualities(base_clients[::-1])
+
+    for client, ytcfg in tuple(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS.items()):
+        ytcfg.setdefault('INNERTUBE_API_KEY', 'AIzaSyDCU8hByM-4DrUqRUYnGn-3llEO78bcxq8')
+        ytcfg.setdefault('INNERTUBE_HOST', 'www.youtube.com')
+        ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER', True)
+        ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client'].setdefault('hl', 'en')
+        ytcfg['priority'] = 10 * priority(client.split('_', 1)[0])
+
+        if client in base_clients:
+            INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[f'{client}_agegate'] = agegate_ytcfg = copy.deepcopy(ytcfg)
+            agegate_ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientScreen'] = 'EMBED'
+            agegate_ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['thirdParty'] = third_party
+            agegate_ytcfg['priority'] -= 1
+        elif client.endswith('_embedded'):
+            ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['thirdParty'] = third_party
+            ytcfg['priority'] -= 2
+        else:
+            ytcfg['priority'] -= 3
+
+
+build_innertube_clients()
 
 
 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
-    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
-    _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/signin/challenge'
-
-    _LOOKUP_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/lookup'
-    _CHALLENGE_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/challenge'
-    _TFA_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/challenge?hl=en&TL={0}'
 
     _RESERVED_NAMES = (
-        r'channel|c|user|browse|playlist|watch|w|v|embed|e|watch_popup|shorts|'
-        r'movies|results|shared|hashtag|trending|feed|feeds|oembed|get_video_info|'
+        r'channel|c|user|playlist|watch|w|v|embed|e|watch_popup|clip|'
+        r'shorts|movies|results|shared|hashtag|trending|feed|feeds|'
+        r'browse|oembed|get_video_info|iframe_api|s/player|'
         r'storefront|oops|index|account|reporthistory|t/terms|about|upload|signin|logout')
 
+    _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}|RDMM|WL|LL|LM)'
+
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
+
     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
 
-    _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}|RDMM|WL|LL|LM)'
-
     def _login(self):
         """
         Attempt to log in to YouTube.
-        True is returned if successful or skipped.
-        False is returned if login failed.
-
         If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
         """
 
-        def warn(message):
-            self.report_warning(message)
-
-        # username+password login is broken
-        if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and self.get_param('cookiefile') is None:
+        if (self._LOGIN_REQUIRED
+                and self.get_param('cookiefile') is None
+                and self.get_param('cookiesfrombrowser') is None):
             self.raise_login_required(
                 'Login details are needed to download this content', method='cookies')
         username, password = self._get_login_info()
         if username:
-            warn('Logging in using username and password is broken. %s' % self._LOGIN_HINTS['cookies'])
-        return
-
-        # Everything below this is broken!
-        r'''
-        # No authentication to be performed
-        if username is None:
-            if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and self.get_param('cookiefile') is None:
-                raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
-            # if self.get_param('cookiefile'):  # TODO remove 'and False' later - too many people using outdated cookies and open issues, remind them.
-            #     self.to_screen('[Cookies] Reminder - Make sure to always use up to date cookies!')
-            return True
-
-        login_page = self._download_webpage(
-            self._LOGIN_URL, None,
-            note='Downloading login page',
-            errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
-        if login_page is False:
-            return
-
-        login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)
-
-        def req(url, f_req, note, errnote):
-            data = login_form.copy()
-            data.update({
-                'pstMsg': 1,
-                'checkConnection': 'youtube',
-                'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
-                'hl': 'en',
-                'deviceinfo': '[null,null,null,[],null,"US",null,null,[],"GlifWebSignIn",null,[null,null,[]]]',
-                'f.req': json.dumps(f_req),
-                'flowName': 'GlifWebSignIn',
-                'flowEntry': 'ServiceLogin',
-                # TODO: reverse actual botguard identifier generation algo
-                'bgRequest': '["identifier",""]',
-            })
-            return self._download_json(
-                url, None, note=note, errnote=errnote,
-                transform_source=lambda s: re.sub(r'^[^[]*', '', s),
-                fatal=False,
-                data=urlencode_postdata(data), headers={
-                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8',
-                    'Google-Accounts-XSRF': 1,
-                })
-
-        lookup_req = [
-            username,
-            None, [], None, 'US', None, None, 2, False, True,
-            [
-                None, None,
-                [2, 1, None, 1,
-                 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn',
-                 None, [], 4],
-                1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
-            ],
-            username,
-        ]
-
-        lookup_results = req(
-            self._LOOKUP_URL, lookup_req,
-            'Looking up account info', 'Unable to look up account info')
-
-        if lookup_results is False:
-            return False
-
-        user_hash = try_get(lookup_results, lambda x: x[0][2], compat_str)
-        if not user_hash:
-            warn('Unable to extract user hash')
-            return False
-
-        challenge_req = [
-            user_hash,
-            None, 1, None, [1, None, None, None, [password, None, True]],
-            [
-                None, None, [2, 1, None, 1, 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn', None, [], 4],
-                1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
-            ]]
-
-        challenge_results = req(
-            self._CHALLENGE_URL, challenge_req,
-            'Logging in', 'Unable to log in')
-
-        if challenge_results is False:
-            return
-
-        login_res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
-        if login_res:
-            login_msg = try_get(login_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
-            warn(
-                'Unable to login: %s' % 'Invalid password'
-                if login_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else login_msg)
-            return False
-
-        res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][-1], list)
-        if not res:
-            warn('Unable to extract result entry')
-            return False
-
-        login_challenge = try_get(res, lambda x: x[0][0], list)
-        if login_challenge:
-            challenge_str = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
-            if challenge_str == 'TWO_STEP_VERIFICATION':
-                # SEND_SUCCESS - TFA code has been successfully sent to phone
-                # QUOTA_EXCEEDED - reached the limit of TFA codes
-                status = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
-                if status == 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED':
-                    warn('Exceeded the limit of TFA codes, try later')
-                    return False
-
-                tl = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[1][2], compat_str)
-                if not tl:
-                    warn('Unable to extract TL')
-                    return False
-
-                tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info('2-step verification code')
-
-                if not tfa_code:
-                    warn(
-                        'Two-factor authentication required. Provide it either interactively or with --twofactor <code>'
-                        '(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
-                    return False
-
-                tfa_code = remove_start(tfa_code, 'G-')
-
-                tfa_req = [
-                    user_hash, None, 2, None,
-                    [
-                        9, None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
-                        [None, tfa_code, True, 2]
-                    ]]
-
-                tfa_results = req(
-                    self._TFA_URL.format(tl), tfa_req,
-                    'Submitting TFA code', 'Unable to submit TFA code')
-
-                if tfa_results is False:
-                    return False
-
-                tfa_res = try_get(tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
-                if tfa_res:
-                    tfa_msg = try_get(tfa_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
-                    warn(
-                        'Unable to finish TFA: %s' % 'Invalid TFA code'
-                        if tfa_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else tfa_msg)
-                    return False
-
-                check_cookie_url = try_get(
-                    tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][-1][2], compat_str)
-            else:
-                CHALLENGES = {
-                    'LOGIN_CHALLENGE': "This device isn't recognized. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
-                    'USERNAME_RECOVERY': 'Please provide additional information to aid in the recovery process.',
-                    'REAUTH': "There is something unusual about your activity. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
-                }
-                challenge = CHALLENGES.get(
-                    challenge_str,
-                    '%s returned error %s.' % (self.IE_NAME, challenge_str))
-                warn('%s\nGo to https://accounts.google.com/, login and solve a challenge.' % challenge)
-                return False
-        else:
-            check_cookie_url = try_get(res, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
-
-        if not check_cookie_url:
-            warn('Unable to extract CheckCookie URL')
-            return False
-
-        check_cookie_results = self._download_webpage(
-            check_cookie_url, None, 'Checking cookie', fatal=False)
-
-        if check_cookie_results is False:
-            return False
-
-        if 'https://myaccount.google.com/' not in check_cookie_results:
-            warn('Unable to log in')
-            return False
-
-        return True
-        '''
+            self.report_warning(f'Cannot login to YouTube using username and password. {self._LOGIN_HINTS["cookies"]}')
 
     def _initialize_consent(self):
         cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
@@ -298,137 +290,37 @@ def _initialize_consent(self):
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
         self._initialize_consent()
-        if self._downloader is None:
-            return
-        if not self._login():
-            return
+        self._login()
 
     _YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE = r'(?:window\s*\[\s*["\']ytInitialData["\']\s*\]|ytInitialData)\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
     _YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE = r'ytInitialPlayerResponse\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
     _YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE = r'(?:var\s+meta|</script|\n)'
 
-    _YT_DEFAULT_YTCFGS = {
-        'WEB': {
-            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'WEB',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '2.20210622.10.00',
-            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-                'client': {
-                    'clientName': 'WEB',
-                    'clientVersion': '2.20210622.10.00',
-                    'hl': 'en',
-                }
-            },
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1
-        },
-        'WEB_REMIX': {
-            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'WEB_REMIX',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '1.20210621.00.00',
-            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyC9XL3ZjWddXya6X74dJoCTL-WEYFDNX30',
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-                'client': {
-                    'clientName': 'WEB_REMIX',
-                    'clientVersion': '1.20210621.00.00',
-                    'hl': 'en',
-                }
-            },
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 67
-        },
-        'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER': {
-            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '1.20210620.0.1',
-            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-                'client': {
-                    'clientName': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
-                    'clientVersion': '1.20210620.0.1',
-                    'hl': 'en',
-                }
-            },
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 56
-        },
-        'ANDROID': {
-            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'ANDROID',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '16.20',
-            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-                'client': {
-                    'clientName': 'ANDROID',
-                    'clientVersion': '16.20',
-                    'hl': 'en',
-                }
-            },
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3
-        },
-        'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER': {
-            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '16.20',
-            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-                'client': {
-                    'clientName': 'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
-                    'clientVersion': '16.20',
-                    'hl': 'en',
-                }
-            },
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 55
-        },
-        'ANDROID_MUSIC': {
-            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
-            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '4.32',
-            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyC9XL3ZjWddXya6X74dJoCTL-WEYFDNX30',
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-                'client': {
-                    'clientName': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
-                    'clientVersion': '4.32',
-                    'hl': 'en',
-                }
-            },
-            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 21
-        }
-    }
-
-    _YT_DEFAULT_INNERTUBE_HOSTS = {
-        'DIRECT': 'youtubei.googleapis.com',
-        'WEB': 'www.youtube.com',
-        'WEB_REMIX': 'music.youtube.com',
-        'ANDROID_MUSIC': 'music.youtube.com'
-    }
-
-    def _get_default_ytcfg(self, client='WEB'):
-        if client in self._YT_DEFAULT_YTCFGS:
-            return copy.deepcopy(self._YT_DEFAULT_YTCFGS[client])
-        self.write_debug(f'INNERTUBE default client {client} does not exist - falling back to WEB client.')
-        return copy.deepcopy(self._YT_DEFAULT_YTCFGS['WEB'])
+    def _get_default_ytcfg(self, client='web'):
+        return copy.deepcopy(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client])
 
-    def _get_innertube_host(self, client='WEB'):
-        return dict_get(self._YT_DEFAULT_INNERTUBE_HOSTS, (client, 'WEB'))
+    def _get_innertube_host(self, client='web'):
+        return INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['INNERTUBE_HOST']
 
-    def _ytcfg_get_safe(self, ytcfg, getter, expected_type=None, default_client='WEB'):
+    def _ytcfg_get_safe(self, ytcfg, getter, expected_type=None, default_client='web'):
         # try_get but with fallback to default ytcfg client values when present
         _func = lambda y: try_get(y, getter, expected_type)
         return _func(ytcfg) or _func(self._get_default_ytcfg(default_client))
 
-    def _extract_client_name(self, ytcfg, default_client='WEB'):
-        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME'], compat_str, default_client)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_session_index(ytcfg):
-        return int_or_none(try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['SESSION_INDEX']))
+    def _extract_client_name(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
+        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
+            ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME'],
+                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientName']), compat_str, default_client)
 
-    def _extract_client_version(self, ytcfg, default_client='WEB'):
-        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION'], compat_str, default_client)
+    def _extract_client_version(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
+        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
+            ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION'],
+                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientVersion']), compat_str, default_client)
 
-    def _extract_api_key(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='WEB'):
+    def _extract_api_key(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='web'):
         return self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_API_KEY'], compat_str, default_client)
 
-    def _extract_context(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='WEB'):
+    def _extract_context(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='web'):
         _get_context = lambda y: try_get(y, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT'], dict)
         context = _get_context(ytcfg)
         if context:
@@ -448,31 +340,40 @@ def _extract_context(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='WEB'):
             context['client']['visitorData'] = visitor_data
         return context
 
+    _SAPISID = None
+
     def _generate_sapisidhash_header(self, origin='https://www.youtube.com'):
-        # Sometimes SAPISID cookie isn't present but __Secure-3PAPISID is.
-        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/393
-        yt_cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com')
-        sapisid_cookie = dict_get(
-            yt_cookies, ('__Secure-3PAPISID', 'SAPISID'))
-        if sapisid_cookie is None:
-            return
         time_now = round(time.time())
-        # SAPISID cookie is required if not already present
-        if not yt_cookies.get('SAPISID'):
-            self._set_cookie(
-                '.youtube.com', 'SAPISID', sapisid_cookie.value, secure=True, expire_time=time_now + 3600)
+        if self._SAPISID is None:
+            yt_cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com')
+            # Sometimes SAPISID cookie isn't present but __Secure-3PAPISID is.
+            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/393
+            sapisid_cookie = dict_get(
+                yt_cookies, ('__Secure-3PAPISID', 'SAPISID'))
+            if sapisid_cookie and sapisid_cookie.value:
+                self._SAPISID = sapisid_cookie.value
+                self.write_debug('Extracted SAPISID cookie')
+                # SAPISID cookie is required if not already present
+                if not yt_cookies.get('SAPISID'):
+                    self.write_debug('Copying __Secure-3PAPISID cookie to SAPISID cookie')
+                    self._set_cookie(
+                        '.youtube.com', 'SAPISID', self._SAPISID, secure=True, expire_time=time_now + 3600)
+            else:
+                self._SAPISID = False
+        if not self._SAPISID:
+            return None
         # SAPISIDHASH algorithm from https://stackoverflow.com/a/32065323
         sapisidhash = hashlib.sha1(
-            f'{time_now} {sapisid_cookie.value} {origin}'.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
+            f'{time_now} {self._SAPISID} {origin}'.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
         return f'SAPISIDHASH {time_now}_{sapisidhash}'
 
     def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True, headers=None,
                   note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page',
-                  context=None, api_key=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='WEB'):
+                  context=None, api_key=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):
 
         data = {'context': context} if context else {'context': self._extract_context(default_client=default_client)}
         data.update(query)
-        real_headers = self._generate_api_headers(client=default_client)
+        real_headers = self.generate_api_headers(default_client=default_client)
         real_headers.update({'content-type': 'application/json'})
         if headers:
             real_headers.update(headers)
@@ -482,22 +383,34 @@ def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True, headers=None,
             data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf8'), headers=real_headers,
             query={'key': api_key or self._extract_api_key()})
 
-    def _extract_yt_initial_data(self, video_id, webpage):
-        return self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                (r'%s\s*%s' % (self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, self._YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE),
-                 self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE), webpage, 'yt initial data'),
-            video_id)
+    def extract_yt_initial_data(self, item_id, webpage, fatal=True):
+        data = self._search_regex(
+            (r'%s\s*%s' % (self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, self._YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE),
+             self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE), webpage, 'yt initial data', fatal=fatal)
+        if data:
+            return self._parse_json(data, item_id, fatal=fatal)
 
-    def _extract_identity_token(self, webpage, item_id):
-        ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_session_index(*data):
+        """
+        Index of current account in account list.
+        See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/519
+        """
+        for ytcfg in data:
+            session_index = int_or_none(try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['SESSION_INDEX']))
+            if session_index is not None:
+                return session_index
+
+    # Deprecated?
+    def _extract_identity_token(self, ytcfg=None, webpage=None):
         if ytcfg:
             token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['ID_TOKEN'], compat_str)
             if token:
                 return token
-        return self._search_regex(
-            r'\bID_TOKEN["\']\s*:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage,
-            'identity token', default=None)
+        if webpage:
+            return self._search_regex(
+                r'\bID_TOKEN["\']\s*:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage,
+                'identity token', default=None, fatal=False)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _extract_account_syncid(*args):
@@ -512,13 +425,27 @@ def _extract_account_syncid(*args):
                 return delegated_sid
             sync_ids = (try_get(
                 data, (lambda x: x['responseContext']['mainAppWebResponseContext']['datasyncId'],
-                       lambda x: x['DATASYNC_ID']), compat_str) or '').split("||")
+                       lambda x: x['DATASYNC_ID']), compat_str) or '').split('||')
             if len(sync_ids) >= 2 and sync_ids[1]:
                 # datasyncid is of the form "channel_syncid||user_syncid" for secondary channel
                 # and just "user_syncid||" for primary channel. We only want the channel_syncid
                 return sync_ids[0]
 
-    def _extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_visitor_data(*args):
+        """
+        Extracts visitorData from an API response or ytcfg
+        Appears to be used to track session state
+        """
+        return traverse_obj(
+            args, (..., ('VISITOR_DATA', ('INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', 'client', 'visitorData'), ('responseContext', 'visitorData'))),
+            expected_type=compat_str, get_all=False)
+
+    @property
+    def is_authenticated(self):
+        return bool(self._generate_sapisidhash_header())
+
+    def extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
         if not webpage:
             return {}
         return self._parse_json(
@@ -526,33 +453,30 @@ def _extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
                 r'ytcfg\.set\s*\(\s*({.+?})\s*\)\s*;', webpage, 'ytcfg',
                 default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}
 
-    def _generate_api_headers(self, ytcfg=None, identity_token=None, account_syncid=None,
-                              visitor_data=None, api_hostname=None, client='WEB', session_index=None):
-        origin = 'https://' + (api_hostname if api_hostname else self._get_innertube_host(client))
+    def generate_api_headers(
+            self, *, ytcfg=None, account_syncid=None, session_index=None,
+            visitor_data=None, identity_token=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):
+
+        origin = 'https://' + (api_hostname if api_hostname else self._get_innertube_host(default_client))
         headers = {
             'X-YouTube-Client-Name': compat_str(
-                self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME'], default_client=client)),
-            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, client),
-            'Origin': origin
+                self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME'], default_client=default_client)),
+            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, default_client),
+            'Origin': origin,
+            'X-Youtube-Identity-Token': identity_token or self._extract_identity_token(ytcfg),
+            'X-Goog-PageId': account_syncid or self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg),
+            'X-Goog-Visitor-Id': visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(ytcfg)
         }
-        if not visitor_data and ytcfg:
-            visitor_data = try_get(
-                self._extract_context(ytcfg, client), lambda x: x['client']['visitorData'], compat_str)
-        if identity_token:
-            headers['X-Youtube-Identity-Token'] = identity_token
-        if account_syncid:
-            headers['X-Goog-PageId'] = account_syncid
-        if session_index is None and ytcfg:
+        if session_index is None:
             session_index = self._extract_session_index(ytcfg)
         if account_syncid or session_index is not None:
             headers['X-Goog-AuthUser'] = session_index if session_index is not None else 0
-        if visitor_data:
-            headers['X-Goog-Visitor-Id'] = visitor_data
+
         auth = self._generate_sapisidhash_header(origin)
         if auth is not None:
             headers['Authorization'] = auth
             headers['X-Origin'] = origin
-        return headers
+        return {h: v for h, v in headers.items() if v is not None}
 
     @staticmethod
     def _build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp=None):
@@ -619,21 +543,21 @@ def _extract_alerts(cls, data):
                 alert_type = alert.get('type')
                 if not alert_type:
                     continue
-                message = cls._get_text(alert.get('text'))
+                message = cls._get_text(alert, 'text')
                 if message:
                     yield alert_type, message
 
-    def _report_alerts(self, alerts, expected=True):
+    def _report_alerts(self, alerts, expected=True, fatal=True, only_once=False):
         errors = []
         warnings = []
         for alert_type, alert_message in alerts:
-            if alert_type.lower() == 'error':
+            if alert_type.lower() == 'error' and fatal:
                 errors.append([alert_type, alert_message])
             else:
                 warnings.append([alert_type, alert_message])
 
         for alert_type, alert_message in (warnings + errors[:-1]):
-            self.report_warning('YouTube said: %s - %s' % (alert_type, alert_message))
+            self.report_warning('YouTube said: %s - %s' % (alert_type, alert_message), only_once=only_once)
         if errors:
             raise ExtractorError('YouTube said: %s' % errors[-1][1], expected=expected)
 
@@ -649,27 +573,30 @@ def _extract_badges(self, renderer: dict):
         return badges
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_text(data, getter=None, max_runs=None):
-        for get in variadic(getter):
-            d = try_get(data, get) if get is not None else data
-            text = try_get(d, lambda x: x['simpleText'], compat_str)
-            if text:
-                return text
-            runs = try_get(d, lambda x: x['runs'], list) or []
-            if not runs and isinstance(d, list):
-                runs = d
-
-            def get_runs(runs):
-                for run in runs[:min(len(runs), max_runs or len(runs))]:
-                    yield try_get(run, lambda x: x['text'], compat_str) or ''
-
-            text = ''.join(get_runs(runs))
-            if text:
-                return text
+    def _get_text(data, *path_list, max_runs=None):
+        for path in path_list or [None]:
+            if path is None:
+                obj = [data]
+            else:
+                obj = traverse_obj(data, path, default=[])
+                if not any(key is ... or isinstance(key, (list, tuple)) for key in variadic(path)):
+                    obj = [obj]
+            for item in obj:
+                text = try_get(item, lambda x: x['simpleText'], compat_str)
+                if text:
+                    return text
+                runs = try_get(item, lambda x: x['runs'], list) or []
+                if not runs and isinstance(item, list):
+                    runs = item
+
+                runs = runs[:min(len(runs), max_runs or len(runs))]
+                text = ''.join(traverse_obj(runs, (..., 'text'), expected_type=str, default=[]))
+                if text:
+                    return text
 
     def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers=None,
                           ytcfg=None, check_get_keys=None, ep='browse', fatal=True, api_hostname=None,
-                          default_client='WEB'):
+                          default_client='web'):
         response = None
         last_error = None
         count = -1
@@ -679,7 +606,7 @@ def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers
         while count < retries:
             count += 1
             if last_error:
-                self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % last_error)
+                self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % remove_end(last_error, '.'))
             try:
                 response = self._call_api(
                     ep=ep, fatal=True, headers=headers,
@@ -689,12 +616,22 @@ def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers
                     api_hostname=api_hostname, default_client=default_client,
                     note='%s%s' % (note, ' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''))
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (500, 503, 404):
+                if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
+                    if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and not is_html(e.cause.read(512)):
+                        e.cause.seek(0)
+                        yt_error = try_get(
+                            self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), item_id, fatal=False),
+                            lambda x: x['error']['message'], compat_str)
+                        if yt_error:
+                            self._report_alerts([('ERROR', yt_error)], fatal=False)
                     # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
                     # Sometimes a 404 is also recieved. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
-                    last_error = 'HTTP Error %s' % e.cause.code
-                    if count < retries:
-                        continue
+                    # We also want to catch all other network exceptions since errors in later pages can be troublesome
+                    # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/507#issuecomment-880188210
+                    if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
+                        last_error = error_to_compat_str(e.cause or e.msg)
+                        if count < retries:
+                            continue
                 if fatal:
                     raise
                 else:
@@ -702,10 +639,14 @@ def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers
                     return
 
             else:
-                # Youtube may send alerts if there was an issue with the continuation page
                 try:
-                    self._extract_and_report_alerts(response, expected=False)
+                    self._extract_and_report_alerts(response, only_once=True)
                 except ExtractorError as e:
+                    # YouTube servers may return errors we want to retry on in a 200 OK response
+                    # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/839
+                    if 'unknown error' in e.msg.lower():
+                        last_error = e.msg
+                        continue
                     if fatal:
                         raise
                     self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
@@ -729,21 +670,22 @@ def is_music_url(url):
 
     def _extract_video(self, renderer):
         video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
-        title = self._get_text(renderer.get('title'))
-        description = self._get_text(renderer.get('descriptionSnippet'))
-        duration = parse_duration(self._get_text(renderer.get('lengthText')))
-        view_count_text = self._get_text(renderer.get('viewCountText')) or ''
+        title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')
+        description = self._get_text(renderer, 'descriptionSnippet')
+        duration = parse_duration(self._get_text(
+            renderer, 'lengthText', ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'text')))
+        view_count_text = self._get_text(renderer, 'viewCountText') or ''
         view_count = str_to_int(self._search_regex(
             r'^([\d,]+)', re.sub(r'\s', '', view_count_text),
             'view count', default=None))
 
-        uploader = self._get_text(renderer, (lambda x: x['ownerText'], lambda x: x['shortBylineText']))
+        uploader = self._get_text(renderer, 'ownerText', 'shortBylineText')
 
         return {
             '_type': 'url',
             'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
             'id': video_id,
-            'url': video_id,
+            'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
             'title': title,
             'description': description,
             'duration': duration,
@@ -753,7 +695,7 @@ def _extract_video(self, renderer):
 
 
 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube'
     _INVIDIOUS_SITES = (
         # invidious-redirect websites
         r'(?:www\.)?redirect\.invidious\.io',
@@ -830,7 +772,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                             youtube\.googleapis\.com)/                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
-                             (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
+                             (?:(?:v|embed|e|shorts)/(?!videoseries))         # v/ or embed/ or e/ or shorts/
                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
@@ -957,18 +899,17 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 
         # av01 video only formats sometimes served with "unknown" codecs
-        '394': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
-        '395': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
-        '396': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
-        '397': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
+        '394': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.00M.08'},
+        '395': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.00M.08'},
+        '396': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.01M.08'},
+        '397': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.04M.08'},
+        '398': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
+        '399': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.08M.08'},
+        '400': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
+        '401': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
     }
     _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
 
-    _AGE_GATE_REASONS = (
-        'Sign in to confirm your age',
-        'This video may be inappropriate for some users.',
-        'Sorry, this content is age-restricted.')
-
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
     IE_NAME = 'youtube'
@@ -1073,23 +1014,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
             },
         },
-        # Controversy video
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4XJQO3qol8',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'T4XJQO3qol8',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'duration': 219,
-                'upload_date': '20100909',
-                'uploader': 'Amazing Atheist',
-                'uploader_id': 'TheAmazingAtheist',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheAmazingAtheist',
-                'title': 'Burning Everyone\'s Koran',
-                'description': 'SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/saturninefilms \r\n\r\nEven Obama has taken a stand against freedom on this issue: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/obama-gma-interview-quran_n_710282.html',
-            }
-        },
-        # Normal age-gate video (embed allowed)
+        # Age-gate videos. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/575#issuecomment-888837000
         {
+            'note': 'Embed allowed age-gate video',
             'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
@@ -1104,6 +1031,52 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'age_limit': 18,
             },
         },
+        {
+            'note': 'Age-gate video with embed allowed in public site',
+            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HsUATh_Nc2U',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'HsUATh_Nc2U',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Godzilla 2 (Official Video)',
+                'description': 'md5:bf77e03fcae5529475e500129b05668a',
+                'upload_date': '20200408',
+                'uploader_id': 'FlyingKitty900',
+                'uploader': 'FlyingKitty',
+                'age_limit': 18,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'Age-gate video embedable only with clientScreen=EMBED',
+            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=Tq92D6wQ1mg',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'Tq92D6wQ1mg',
+                'title': '[MMD] Adios - EVERGLOW [+Motion DL]',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20191227',
+                'uploader_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
+                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
+                'description': 'md5:17eccca93a786d51bc67646756894066',
+                'age_limit': 18,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'Non-Agegated non-embeddable video',
+            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=MeJVWBSsPAY',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'MeJVWBSsPAY',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'OOMPH! - Such Mich Find Mich (Lyrics)',
+                'uploader': 'Herr Lurik',
+                'uploader_id': 'st3in234',
+                'description': 'Fan Video. Music & Lyrics by OOMPH!.',
+                'upload_date': '20130730',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'Non-bypassable age-gated video',
+            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=Cr381pDsSsA',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
         # video_info is None (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
         # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
         {
@@ -1136,7 +1109,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader_id': 'olympic',
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
                 'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
-                'uploader': 'Olympic',
+                'uploader': 'Olympics',
                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
             },
             'params': {
@@ -1272,6 +1245,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
+            'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
         },
         {
             # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
@@ -1301,16 +1275,16 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
-                'alt_title': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
+                'alt_title': 'Dark Walk',
                 'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
                 'duration': 133,
                 'upload_date': '20151119',
                 'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IronSoulElf',
                 'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
-                'creator': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
-                'track': 'Dark Walk - Position Music',
-                'artist': 'Todd Haberman,  Daniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
+                'creator': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
+                'track': 'Dark Walk',
+                'artist': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
                 'album': 'Position Music - Production Music Vol. 143 - Dark Walk',
             },
             'params': {
@@ -1620,6 +1594,20 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGC3D_FkCmg',
             'only_matching': True,
         },
+        {
+            # controversial video, requires bpctr/contentCheckOk
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZJvDhaSDnc',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'SZJvDhaSDnc',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'San Diego teen commits suicide after bullying over embarrassing video',
+                'channel_id': 'UC-SJ6nODDmufqBzPBwCvYvQ',
+                'uploader': 'CBS This Morning',
+                'uploader_id': 'CBSThisMorning',
+                'upload_date': '20140716',
+                'description': 'md5:acde3a73d3f133fc97e837a9f76b53b7'
+            }
+        },
         {
             # restricted location, https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28685
             'url': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
@@ -1653,13 +1641,14 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOelRv7fMxY',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'YOelRv7fMxY',
-                'title': 'Digging a Secret Tunnel from my Workshop',
+                'title': 'DIGGING A SECRET TUNNEL Part 1',
                 'ext': '3gp',
                 'upload_date': '20210624',
                 'channel_id': 'UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
                 'uploader': 'colinfurze',
+                'uploader_id': 'colinfurze',
                 'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
-                'description': 'md5:ecb672623246d98c6c562eed6ae798c3'
+                'description': 'md5:b5096f56af7ccd7a555c84db81738b22'
             },
             'params': {
                 'format': '17',  # 3gp format available on android
@@ -1673,14 +1662,17 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'params': {
                 'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_skip': ['configs']}},
             },
-        }
+        }, {
+            # shorts
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/BGQWPY4IigY',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
     ]
 
     @classmethod
     def suitable(cls, url):
-        # Hack for lazy extractors until more generic solution is implemented
-        # (see #28780)
-        from .youtube import parse_qs
+        from ..utils import parse_qs
+
         qs = parse_qs(url)
         if qs.get('list', [None])[0]:
             return False
@@ -1691,12 +1683,12 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         self._code_cache = {}
         self._player_cache = {}
 
-    def _extract_player_url(self, ytcfg=None, webpage=None):
-        player_url = try_get(ytcfg, (lambda x: x['PLAYER_JS_URL']), str)
+    def _extract_player_url(self, *ytcfgs, webpage=None):
+        player_url = traverse_obj(
+            ytcfgs, (..., 'PLAYER_JS_URL'), (..., 'WEB_PLAYER_CONTEXT_CONFIGS', ..., 'jsUrl'),
+            get_all=False, expected_type=compat_str)
         if not player_url:
-            player_url = self._search_regex(
-                r'"(?:PLAYER_JS_URL|jsUrl)"\s*:\s*"([^"]+)"',
-                webpage, 'player URL', fatal=False)
+            return
         if player_url.startswith('//'):
             player_url = 'https:' + player_url
         elif not re.match(r'https?://', player_url):
@@ -1704,6 +1696,16 @@ def _extract_player_url(self, ytcfg=None, webpage=None):
                 'https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
         return player_url
 
+    def _download_player_url(self, video_id, fatal=False):
+        res = self._download_webpage(
+            'https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api',
+            note='Downloading iframe API JS', video_id=video_id, fatal=fatal)
+        if res:
+            player_version = self._search_regex(
+                r'player\\?/([0-9a-fA-F]{8})\\?/', res, 'player version', fatal=fatal)
+            if player_version:
+                return f'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/{player_version}/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js'
+
     def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
         return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
@@ -1721,10 +1723,12 @@ def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
     def _load_player(self, video_id, player_url, fatal=True) -> bool:
         player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
         if player_id not in self._code_cache:
-            self._code_cache[player_id] = self._download_webpage(
+            code = self._download_webpage(
                 player_url, video_id, fatal=fatal,
                 note='Downloading player ' + player_id,
                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
+            if code:
+                self._code_cache[player_id] = code
         return player_id in self._code_cache
 
     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
@@ -1793,10 +1797,10 @@ def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
         funcname = self._search_regex(
             (r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\bm=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\(decodeURIComponent\(h\.s\)\)',
-             r'\bc&&\(c=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\(decodeURIComponent\(c\)\)',
-             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\);[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\(a,\d+\)',
-             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
+             r'\bm=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(h\.s\)\)',
+             r'\bc&&\(c=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(c\)\)',
+             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\);[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\(a,\d+\)',
+             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
              r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
              # Obsolete patterns
              r'(["\'])signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
@@ -1860,11 +1864,12 @@ def _extract_signature_timestamp(self, video_id, player_url, ytcfg=None, fatal=F
                     'JS player signature timestamp', group='sts', fatal=fatal))
         return sts
 
-    def _mark_watched(self, video_id, player_response):
-        playback_url = url_or_none(try_get(
-            player_response,
-            lambda x: x['playbackTracking']['videostatsPlaybackUrl']['baseUrl']))
+    def _mark_watched(self, video_id, player_responses):
+        playback_url = traverse_obj(
+            player_responses, (..., 'playbackTracking', 'videostatsPlaybackUrl', 'baseUrl'),
+            expected_type=url_or_none, get_all=False)
         if not playback_url:
+            self.report_warning('Unable to mark watched')
             return
         parsed_playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(playback_url)
         qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_playback_url.query)
@@ -1927,47 +1932,58 @@ def extract_id(cls, url):
         mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
         if mobj is None:
             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
-        video_id = mobj.group(2)
-        return video_id
-
-    def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, data, video_id, duration):
-        chapters_list = try_get(
+        return mobj.group('id')
+
+    def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, data, duration):
+        chapter_list = traverse_obj(
+            data, (
+                'playerOverlays', 'playerOverlayRenderer', 'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer',
+                'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer', 'playerBar', 'chapteredPlayerBarRenderer', 'chapters'
+            ), expected_type=list)
+
+        return self._extract_chapters(
+            chapter_list,
+            chapter_time=lambda chapter: float_or_none(
+                traverse_obj(chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'timeRangeStartMillis')), scale=1000),
+            chapter_title=lambda chapter: traverse_obj(
+                chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'title', 'simpleText'), expected_type=str),
+            duration=duration)
+
+    def _extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(self, data, duration):
+        content_list = traverse_obj(
             data,
-            lambda x: x['playerOverlays']
-                       ['playerOverlayRenderer']
-                       ['decoratedPlayerBarRenderer']
-                       ['decoratedPlayerBarRenderer']
-                       ['playerBar']
-                       ['chapteredPlayerBarRenderer']
-                       ['chapters'],
-            list)
-        if not chapters_list:
-            return
-
-        def chapter_time(chapter):
-            return float_or_none(
-                try_get(
-                    chapter,
-                    lambda x: x['chapterRenderer']['timeRangeStartMillis'],
-                    int),
-                scale=1000)
+            ('engagementPanels', ..., 'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'content', 'macroMarkersListRenderer', 'contents'),
+            expected_type=list, default=[])
+        chapter_time = lambda chapter: parse_duration(self._get_text(chapter, 'timeDescription'))
+        chapter_title = lambda chapter: self._get_text(chapter, 'title')
+
+        return next((
+            filter(None, (
+                self._extract_chapters(
+                    traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'macroMarkersListItemRenderer')),
+                    chapter_time, chapter_title, duration)
+                for contents in content_list
+            ))), [])
+
+    def _extract_chapters(self, chapter_list, chapter_time, chapter_title, duration):
         chapters = []
-        for next_num, chapter in enumerate(chapters_list, start=1):
+        last_chapter = {'start_time': 0}
+        for idx, chapter in enumerate(chapter_list or []):
+            title = chapter_title(chapter)
             start_time = chapter_time(chapter)
             if start_time is None:
                 continue
-            end_time = (chapter_time(chapters_list[next_num])
-                        if next_num < len(chapters_list) else duration)
-            if end_time is None:
-                continue
-            title = try_get(
-                chapter, lambda x: x['chapterRenderer']['title']['simpleText'],
-                compat_str)
-            chapters.append({
-                'start_time': start_time,
-                'end_time': end_time,
-                'title': title,
-            })
+            last_chapter['end_time'] = start_time
+            if start_time < last_chapter['start_time']:
+                if idx == 1:
+                    chapters.pop()
+                    self.report_warning('Invalid start time for chapter "%s"' % last_chapter['title'])
+                else:
+                    self.report_warning(f'Invalid start time for chapter "{title}"')
+                    continue
+            last_chapter = {'start_time': start_time, 'title': title}
+            chapters.append(last_chapter)
+        last_chapter['end_time'] = duration
         return chapters
 
     def _extract_yt_initial_variable(self, webpage, regex, video_id, name):
@@ -1983,21 +1999,24 @@ def parse_time_text(time_text):
         """
         time_text_split = time_text.split(' ')
         if len(time_text_split) >= 3:
-            return datetime_from_str('now-%s%s' % (time_text_split[0], time_text_split[1]), precision='auto')
+            try:
+                return datetime_from_str('now-%s%s' % (time_text_split[0], time_text_split[1]), precision='auto')
+            except ValueError:
+                return None
 
     def _extract_comment(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
         comment_id = comment_renderer.get('commentId')
         if not comment_id:
             return
 
-        text = self._get_text(comment_renderer.get('contentText'))
+        text = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'contentText')
 
         # note: timestamp is an estimate calculated from the current time and time_text
-        time_text = self._get_text(comment_renderer.get('publishedTimeText')) or ''
+        time_text = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'publishedTimeText') or ''
         time_text_dt = self.parse_time_text(time_text)
         if isinstance(time_text_dt, datetime.datetime):
             timestamp = calendar.timegm(time_text_dt.timetuple())
-        author = self._get_text(comment_renderer.get('authorText'))
+        author = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'authorText')
         author_id = try_get(comment_renderer,
                             lambda x: x['authorEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], compat_str)
 
@@ -2023,21 +2042,18 @@ def _extract_comment(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
             'parent': parent or 'root'
         }
 
-    def _comment_entries(self, root_continuation_data, identity_token, account_syncid,
-                         ytcfg, video_id, parent=None, comment_counts=None):
+    def _comment_entries(self, root_continuation_data, ytcfg, video_id, parent=None, comment_counts=None):
 
         def extract_header(contents):
-            _total_comments = 0
             _continuation = None
             for content in contents:
                 comments_header_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['commentsHeaderRenderer'])
                 expected_comment_count = parse_count(self._get_text(
-                    comments_header_renderer, (lambda x: x['countText'], lambda x: x['commentsCount']), max_runs=1))
+                    comments_header_renderer, 'countText', 'commentsCount', max_runs=1))
 
                 if expected_comment_count:
                     comment_counts[1] = expected_comment_count
                     self.to_screen('Downloading ~%d comments' % expected_comment_count)
-                    _total_comments = comment_counts[1]
                 sort_mode_str = self._configuration_arg('comment_sort', [''])[0]
                 comment_sort_index = int(sort_mode_str != 'top')  # 1 = new, 0 = top
 
@@ -2057,7 +2073,7 @@ def extract_header(contents):
                     sort_text = 'top comments' if comment_sort_index == 0 else 'newest first'
                 self.to_screen('Sorting comments by %s' % sort_text)
                 break
-            return _total_comments, _continuation
+            return _continuation
 
         def extract_thread(contents):
             if not parent:
@@ -2082,8 +2098,8 @@ def extract_thread(contents):
                 if comment_replies_renderer:
                     comment_counts[2] += 1
                     comment_entries_iter = self._comment_entries(
-                        comment_replies_renderer, identity_token, account_syncid, ytcfg,
-                        video_id, parent=comment.get('id'), comment_counts=comment_counts)
+                        comment_replies_renderer, ytcfg, video_id,
+                        parent=comment.get('id'), comment_counts=comment_counts)
 
                     for reply_comment in comment_entries_iter:
                         yield reply_comment
@@ -2102,13 +2118,17 @@ def extract_thread(contents):
             continuation_token = self._generate_comment_continuation(video_id)
             continuation = self._build_api_continuation_query(continuation_token, None)
 
+        message = self._get_text(root_continuation_data, ('contents', ..., 'messageRenderer', 'text'), max_runs=1)
+        if message and not parent:
+            self.report_warning(message, video_id=video_id)
+
         visitor_data = None
         is_first_continuation = parent is None
 
         for page_num in itertools.count(0):
             if not continuation:
                 break
-            headers = self._generate_api_headers(ytcfg, identity_token, account_syncid, visitor_data)
+            headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=visitor_data)
             comment_prog_str = '(%d/%d)' % (comment_counts[0], comment_counts[1])
             if page_num == 0:
                 if is_first_continuation:
@@ -2145,9 +2165,7 @@ def extract_thread(contents):
                          lambda x: x['appendContinuationItemsAction']['continuationItems']),
                         list) or []
                     if is_first_continuation:
-                        total_comments, continuation = extract_header(continuation_items)
-                        if total_comments:
-                            yield total_comments
+                        continuation = extract_header(continuation_items)
                         is_first_continuation = False
                         if continuation:
                             break
@@ -2175,9 +2193,7 @@ def extract_thread(contents):
                         continue
                     if is_first_continuation:
                         header_continuation_items = [continuation_renderer.get('header') or {}]
-                        total_comments, continuation = extract_header(header_continuation_items)
-                        if total_comments:
-                            yield total_comments
+                        continuation = extract_header(header_continuation_items)
                         is_first_continuation = False
                         if continuation:
                             break
@@ -2205,42 +2221,28 @@ def _generate_comment_continuation(video_id):
             [bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(part)) for part in parts]))
         return base64.b64encode(intlist_to_bytes(new_continuation_intlist)).decode('utf-8')
 
-    def _extract_comments(self, ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage):
+    def _get_comments(self, ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage):
         """Entry for comment extraction"""
         def _real_comment_extract(contents):
-            if isinstance(contents, list):
-                for entry in contents:
-                    for key, renderer in entry.items():
-                        if key not in known_entry_comment_renderers:
-                            continue
-                        yield from self._comment_entries(
-                            renderer, video_id=video_id, ytcfg=ytcfg,
-                            identity_token=self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id=video_id),
-                            account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg))
-                        break
-        comments = []
-        known_entry_comment_renderers = ('itemSectionRenderer',)
-        estimated_total = 0
-        max_comments = int_or_none(self._configuration_arg('max_comments', [''])[0]) or float('inf')
-
-        try:
-            for comment in _real_comment_extract(contents):
-                if len(comments) >= max_comments:
-                    break
-                if isinstance(comment, int):
-                    estimated_total = comment
-                    continue
-                comments.append(comment)
-        except KeyboardInterrupt:
-            self.to_screen('Interrupted by user')
-        self.to_screen('Downloaded %d/%d comments' % (len(comments), estimated_total))
-        return {
-            'comments': comments,
-            'comment_count': len(comments),
-        }
+            renderer = next((
+                item for item in traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'itemSectionRenderer'), default={})
+                if item.get('sectionIdentifier') == 'comment-item-section'), None)
+            yield from self._comment_entries(renderer, ytcfg, video_id)
+
+        max_comments = int_or_none(self._configuration_arg('max_comments', [''])[0])
+        # Force English regardless of account setting to prevent parsing issues
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/532
+        ytcfg = copy.deepcopy(ytcfg)
+        traverse_obj(
+            ytcfg, ('INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', 'client'), expected_type=dict, default={})['hl'] = 'en'
+        return itertools.islice(_real_comment_extract(contents), 0, max_comments)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _generate_player_context(sts=None):
+    def _get_checkok_params():
+        return {'contentCheckOk': True, 'racyCheckOk': True}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _generate_player_context(cls, sts=None):
         context = {
             'html5Preference': 'HTML5_PREF_WANTS',
         }
@@ -2249,251 +2251,152 @@ def _generate_player_context(sts=None):
         return {
             'playbackContext': {
                 'contentPlaybackContext': context
-            }
-        }
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _get_video_info_params(video_id, client='TVHTML5'):
-        GVI_CLIENTS = {
-            'ANDROID': {
-                'c': 'ANDROID',
-                'cver': '16.20',
             },
-            'TVHTML5': {
-                'c': 'TVHTML5',
-                'cver': '6.20180913',
-            }
-        }
-        query = {
-            'video_id': video_id,
-            'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
-            'html5': '1'
+            **cls._get_checkok_params()
         }
-        query.update(GVI_CLIENTS.get(client))
-        return query
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_agegated(player_response):
+        if traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'desktopLegacyAgeGateReason')):
+            return True
 
-        is_music_url = smuggled_data.get('is_music_url') or self.is_music_url(url)
+        reasons = traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', ('status', 'reason')), default=[])
+        AGE_GATE_REASONS = (
+            'confirm your age', 'age-restricted', 'inappropriate',  # reason
+            'age_verification_required', 'age_check_required',  # status
+        )
+        return any(expected in reason for expected in AGE_GATE_REASONS for reason in reasons)
 
-        base_url = self.http_scheme() + '//www.youtube.com/'
-        webpage_url = base_url + 'watch?v=' + video_id
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            webpage_url + '&bpctr=9999999999&has_verified=1', video_id, fatal=False)
-
-        ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or self._get_default_ytcfg()
-        identity_token = self._extract_identity_token(webpage, video_id)
-        session_index = self._extract_session_index(ytcfg)
-        player_url = self._extract_player_url(ytcfg, webpage)
-
-        player_client = self._configuration_arg('player_client', [''])[0]
-        if player_client not in ('web', 'android', ''):
-            self.report_warning(f'Invalid player_client {player_client} given. Falling back to android client.')
-        force_mobile_client = player_client != 'web'
-        player_skip = self._configuration_arg('player_skip')
-        player_response = None
-        if webpage:
-            player_response = self._extract_yt_initial_variable(
-                webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE,
-                video_id, 'initial player response')
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_unplayable(player_response):
+        return traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'status')) == 'UNPLAYABLE'
 
-        syncid = self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, player_response)
-        headers = self._generate_api_headers(ytcfg, identity_token, syncid, session_index=session_index)
+    def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, player_url, initial_pr):
 
-        ytm_streaming_data = {}
-        if is_music_url:
-            ytm_webpage = None
-            sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, ytcfg, fatal=False)
-            if sts and not force_mobile_client and 'configs' not in player_skip:
-                ytm_webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                    'https://music.youtube.com',
-                    video_id, fatal=False, note='Downloading remix client config')
-
-            ytm_cfg = self._extract_ytcfg(video_id, ytm_webpage) or {}
-            ytm_client = 'WEB_REMIX'
-            if not sts or force_mobile_client:
-                # Android client already has signature descrambled
-                # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/562
-                if not sts:
-                    self.report_warning('Falling back to android remix client for player API.')
-                ytm_client = 'ANDROID_MUSIC'
-                ytm_cfg = {}
-
-            ytm_headers = self._generate_api_headers(
-                ytm_cfg, identity_token, syncid,
-                client=ytm_client, session_index=session_index)
-            ytm_query = {'videoId': video_id}
-            ytm_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
-
-            ytm_player_response = self._extract_response(
-                item_id=video_id, ep='player', query=ytm_query,
-                ytcfg=ytm_cfg, headers=ytm_headers, fatal=False,
-                default_client=ytm_client,
-                note='Downloading %sremix player API JSON' % ('android ' if force_mobile_client else ''))
-            ytm_streaming_data = try_get(ytm_player_response, lambda x: x['streamingData'], dict) or {}
-
-        if not player_response or force_mobile_client:
-            sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, ytcfg, fatal=False)
-            yt_client = 'WEB'
-            ytpcfg = ytcfg
-            ytp_headers = headers
-            if not sts or force_mobile_client:
-                # Android client already has signature descrambled
-                # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/562
-                if not sts:
-                    self.report_warning('Falling back to android client for player API.')
-                yt_client = 'ANDROID'
-                ytpcfg = {}
-                ytp_headers = self._generate_api_headers(ytpcfg, identity_token, syncid,
-                                                         client=yt_client, session_index=session_index)
-
-            yt_query = {'videoId': video_id}
-            yt_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
-            player_response = self._extract_response(
-                item_id=video_id, ep='player', query=yt_query,
-                ytcfg=ytpcfg, headers=ytp_headers, fatal=False,
-                default_client=yt_client,
-                note='Downloading %splayer API JSON' % ('android ' if force_mobile_client else '')
-            ) or player_response
-
-        # Age-gate workarounds
-        playability_status = player_response.get('playabilityStatus') or {}
-        if playability_status.get('reason') in self._AGE_GATE_REASONS:
-            gvi_clients = ('ANDROID', 'TVHTML5') if force_mobile_client else ('TVHTML5', 'ANDROID')
-            for gvi_client in gvi_clients:
-                pr = self._parse_json(try_get(compat_parse_qs(
-                    self._download_webpage(
-                        base_url + 'get_video_info', video_id,
-                        'Refetching age-gated %s info webpage' % gvi_client.lower(),
-                        'unable to download video info webpage', fatal=False,
-                        query=self._get_video_info_params(video_id, client=gvi_client))),
-                    lambda x: x['player_response'][0],
-                    compat_str) or '{}', video_id)
-                if pr:
-                    break
-            if not pr:
-                self.report_warning('Falling back to embedded-only age-gate workaround.')
-                embed_webpage = None
-                sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, ytcfg, fatal=False)
-                if sts and not force_mobile_client and 'configs' not in player_skip:
-                    embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                        'https://www.youtube.com/embed/%s?html5=1' % video_id,
-                        video_id=video_id, note='Downloading age-gated embed config')
-
-                ytcfg_age = self._extract_ytcfg(video_id, embed_webpage) or {}
-                # If we extracted the embed webpage, it'll tell us if we can view the video
-                embedded_pr = self._parse_json(
-                    try_get(ytcfg_age, lambda x: x['PLAYER_VARS']['embedded_player_response'], str) or '{}',
-                    video_id=video_id)
-                embedded_ps_reason = try_get(embedded_pr, lambda x: x['playabilityStatus']['reason'], str) or ''
-                if embedded_ps_reason not in self._AGE_GATE_REASONS:
-                    yt_client = 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER'
-                    if not sts or force_mobile_client:
-                        # Android client already has signature descrambled
-                        # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/562
-                        if not sts:
-                            self.report_warning(
-                                'Falling back to android embedded client for player API (note: some formats may be missing).')
-                        yt_client = 'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER'
-                        ytcfg_age = {}
-
-                    ytage_headers = self._generate_api_headers(
-                        ytcfg_age, identity_token, syncid,
-                        client=yt_client, session_index=session_index)
-                    yt_age_query = {'videoId': video_id}
-                    yt_age_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
-                    pr = self._extract_response(
-                        item_id=video_id, ep='player', query=yt_age_query,
-                        ytcfg=ytcfg_age, headers=ytage_headers, fatal=False,
-                        default_client=yt_client,
-                        note='Downloading %sage-gated player API JSON' % ('android ' if force_mobile_client else '')
-                    ) or {}
+        session_index = self._extract_session_index(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg)
+        syncid = self._extract_account_syncid(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg, initial_pr)
+        sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, master_ytcfg, fatal=False) if player_url else None
+        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
+            ytcfg=player_ytcfg, account_syncid=syncid, session_index=session_index, default_client=client)
 
-            if pr:
-                player_response = pr
+        yt_query = {'videoId': video_id}
+        yt_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
+        return self._extract_response(
+            item_id=video_id, ep='player', query=yt_query,
+            ytcfg=player_ytcfg, headers=headers, fatal=True,
+            default_client=client,
+            note='Downloading %s player API JSON' % client.replace('_', ' ').strip()
+        ) or None
+
+    def _get_requested_clients(self, url, smuggled_data):
+        requested_clients = []
+        allowed_clients = sorted(
+            [client for client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS.keys() if client[:1] != '_'],
+            key=lambda client: INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['priority'], reverse=True)
+        for client in self._configuration_arg('player_client'):
+            if client in allowed_clients:
+                requested_clients.append(client)
+            elif client == 'all':
+                requested_clients.extend(allowed_clients)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unsupported client {client}')
+        if not requested_clients:
+            requested_clients = ['android', 'web']
+
+        if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url') or self.is_music_url(url):
+            requested_clients.extend(
+                f'{client}_music' for client in requested_clients if f'{client}_music' in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS)
+
+        return orderedSet(requested_clients)
+
+    def _extract_player_ytcfg(self, client, video_id):
+        url = {
+            'web_music': 'https://music.youtube.com',
+            'web_embedded': f'https://www.youtube.com/embed/{video_id}?html5=1'
+        }.get(client)
+        if not url:
+            return {}
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, fatal=False, note=f'Downloading {client} config')
+        return self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or {}
 
-        trailer_video_id = try_get(
-            playability_status,
-            lambda x: x['errorScreen']['playerLegacyDesktopYpcTrailerRenderer']['trailerVideoId'],
-            compat_str)
-        if trailer_video_id:
-            return self.url_result(
-                trailer_video_id, self.ie_key(), trailer_video_id)
+    def _extract_player_responses(self, clients, video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg):
+        initial_pr = None
+        if webpage:
+            initial_pr = self._extract_yt_initial_variable(
+                webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE,
+                video_id, 'initial player response')
 
-        search_meta = (
-            lambda x: self._html_search_meta(x, webpage, default=None)) \
-            if webpage else lambda x: None
+        original_clients = clients
+        clients = clients[::-1]
+        prs = []
 
-        video_details = player_response.get('videoDetails') or {}
-        microformat = try_get(
-            player_response,
-            lambda x: x['microformat']['playerMicroformatRenderer'],
-            dict) or {}
-        video_title = video_details.get('title') \
-            or self._get_text(microformat.get('title')) \
-            or search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title', 'title'])
-        video_description = video_details.get('shortDescription')
+        def append_client(client_name):
+            if client_name in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS and client_name not in original_clients:
+                clients.append(client_name)
 
-        if not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed', False):
-            if not self.get_param('noplaylist'):
-                multifeed_metadata_list = try_get(
-                    player_response,
-                    lambda x: x['multicamera']['playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer']['metadataList'],
-                    compat_str)
-                if multifeed_metadata_list:
-                    entries = []
-                    feed_ids = []
-                    for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
-                        # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
-                        # fields may contain comma as well (see
-                        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
-                        feed_data = compat_parse_qs(
-                            compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))
+        # Android player_response does not have microFormats which are needed for
+        # extraction of some data. So we return the initial_pr with formats
+        # stripped out even if not requested by the user
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/501
+        if initial_pr:
+            pr = dict(initial_pr)
+            pr['streamingData'] = None
+            prs.append(pr)
 
-                        def feed_entry(name):
-                            return try_get(
-                                feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], compat_str)
+        last_error = None
+        tried_iframe_fallback = False
+        player_url = None
+        while clients:
+            client = clients.pop()
+            player_ytcfg = master_ytcfg if client == 'web' else {}
+            if 'configs' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
+                player_ytcfg = self._extract_player_ytcfg(client, video_id) or player_ytcfg
+
+            player_url = player_url or self._extract_player_url(master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, webpage=webpage)
+            require_js_player = self._get_default_ytcfg(client).get('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER')
+            if 'js' in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
+                require_js_player = False
+                player_url = None
+
+            if not player_url and not tried_iframe_fallback and require_js_player:
+                player_url = self._download_player_url(video_id)
+                tried_iframe_fallback = True
 
-                        feed_id = feed_entry('id')
-                        if not feed_id:
-                            continue
-                        feed_title = feed_entry('title')
-                        title = video_title
-                        if feed_title:
-                            title += ' (%s)' % feed_title
-                        entries.append({
-                            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                            'ie_key': 'Youtube',
-                            'url': smuggle_url(
-                                base_url + 'watch?v=' + feed_data['id'][0],
-                                {'force_singlefeed': True}),
-                            'title': title,
-                        })
-                        feed_ids.append(feed_id)
-                    self.to_screen(
-                        'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
-                        % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
-                    return self.playlist_result(
-                        entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
-            else:
-                self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
+            try:
+                pr = initial_pr if client == 'web' and initial_pr else self._extract_player_response(
+                    client, video_id, player_ytcfg or master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, player_url if require_js_player else None, initial_pr)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if last_error:
+                    self.report_warning(last_error)
+                last_error = e
+                continue
 
-        formats, itags, stream_ids = [], [], []
-        itag_qualities = {}
+            if pr:
+                prs.append(pr)
+
+            # creator clients can bypass AGE_VERIFICATION_REQUIRED if logged in
+            if client.endswith('_agegate') and self._is_unplayable(pr) and self.is_authenticated:
+                append_client(client.replace('_agegate', '_creator'))
+            elif self._is_agegated(pr):
+                append_client(f'{client}_agegate')
+
+        if last_error:
+            if not len(prs):
+                raise last_error
+            self.report_warning(last_error)
+        return prs, player_url
+
+    def _extract_formats(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live):
+        itags, stream_ids = [], []
+        itag_qualities, res_qualities = {}, {}
         q = qualities([
-            # "tiny" is the smallest video-only format. But some audio-only formats
-            # was also labeled "tiny". It is not clear if such formats still exist
-            'tiny', 'audio_quality_low', 'audio_quality_medium', 'audio_quality_high',  # Audio only formats
+            # Normally tiny is the smallest video-only formats. But
+            # audio-only formats with unknown quality may get tagged as tiny
+            'tiny',
+            'audio_quality_ultralow', 'audio_quality_low', 'audio_quality_medium', 'audio_quality_high',  # Audio only formats
             'small', 'medium', 'large', 'hd720', 'hd1080', 'hd1440', 'hd2160', 'hd2880', 'highres'
         ])
-
-        streaming_data = player_response.get('streamingData') or {}
-        streaming_formats = streaming_data.get('formats') or []
-        streaming_formats.extend(streaming_data.get('adaptiveFormats') or [])
-        streaming_formats.extend(ytm_streaming_data.get('formats') or [])
-        streaming_formats.extend(ytm_streaming_data.get('adaptiveFormats') or [])
+        streaming_formats = traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., ('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ...), default=[])
 
         for fmt in streaming_formats:
             if fmt.get('targetDurationSec') or fmt.get('drmFamilies'):
@@ -2506,10 +2409,18 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                 continue
 
             quality = fmt.get('quality')
+            height = int_or_none(fmt.get('height'))
             if quality == 'tiny' or not quality:
                 quality = fmt.get('audioQuality', '').lower() or quality
-            if itag and quality:
-                itag_qualities[itag] = quality
+            # The 3gp format (17) in android client has a quality of "small",
+            # but is actually worse than other formats
+            if itag == '17':
+                quality = 'tiny'
+            if quality:
+                if itag:
+                    itag_qualities[itag] = quality
+                if height:
+                    res_qualities[height] = quality
             # FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF(otf=1) requires downloading the init fragment
             # (adding `&sq=0` to the URL) and parsing emsg box to determine the
             # number of fragment that would subsequently requested with (`&sq=N`)
@@ -2539,24 +2450,24 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                 'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
                 'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
                 'format_id': itag,
-                'format_note': audio_track.get('displayName') or fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality,
+                'format_note': ', '.join(filter(None, (
+                    '%s%s' % (audio_track.get('displayName') or '',
+                              ' (default)' if audio_track.get('audioIsDefault') else ''),
+                    fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality.replace('audio_quality_', '')))),
                 'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')),
-                'height': int_or_none(fmt.get('height')),
+                'height': height,
                 'quality': q(quality),
                 'tbr': tbr,
                 'url': fmt_url,
-                'width': fmt.get('width'),
+                'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
                 'language': audio_track.get('id', '').split('.')[0],
+                'language_preference': 1 if audio_track.get('audioIsDefault') else -1,
             }
             mime_mobj = re.match(
                 r'((?:[^/]+)/(?:[^;]+))(?:;\s*codecs="([^"]+)")?', fmt.get('mimeType') or '')
             if mime_mobj:
                 dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(mime_mobj.group(1))
                 dct.update(parse_codecs(mime_mobj.group(2)))
-                # The 3gp format in android client has a quality of "small",
-                # but is actually worse than all other formats
-                if dct['ext'] == '3gp':
-                    dct['quality'] = q('tiny')
             no_audio = dct.get('acodec') == 'none'
             no_video = dct.get('vcodec') == 'none'
             if no_audio:
@@ -2570,64 +2481,181 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                 }
                 if dct.get('ext'):
                     dct['container'] = dct['ext'] + '_dash'
-            formats.append(dct)
+            yield dct
 
         skip_manifests = self._configuration_arg('skip')
-        get_dash = 'dash' not in skip_manifests and self.get_param('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True)
+        get_dash = (
+            (not is_live or self._configuration_arg('include_live_dash'))
+            and 'dash' not in skip_manifests and self.get_param('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True))
         get_hls = 'hls' not in skip_manifests and self.get_param('youtube_include_hls_manifest', True)
 
-        for sd in (streaming_data, ytm_streaming_data):
+        def guess_quality(f):
+            for val, qdict in ((f.get('format_id'), itag_qualities), (f.get('height'), res_qualities)):
+                if val in qdict:
+                    return q(qdict[val])
+            return -1
+
+        for sd in streaming_data:
             hls_manifest_url = get_hls and sd.get('hlsManifestUrl')
             if hls_manifest_url:
-                for f in self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False):
+                for f in self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False):
                     itag = self._search_regex(
                         r'/itag/(\d+)', f['url'], 'itag', default=None)
+                    if itag in itags:
+                        itag += '-hls'
+                        if itag in itags:
+                            continue
                     if itag:
                         f['format_id'] = itag
-                    formats.append(f)
+                        itags.append(itag)
+                    f['quality'] = guess_quality(f)
+                    yield f
 
             dash_manifest_url = get_dash and sd.get('dashManifestUrl')
             if dash_manifest_url:
-                for f in self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                        dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False):
+                for f in self._extract_mpd_formats(dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False):
                     itag = f['format_id']
                     if itag in itags:
-                        continue
-                    if itag in itag_qualities:
-                        f['quality'] = q(itag_qualities[itag])
+                        itag += '-dash'
+                        if itag in itags:
+                            continue
+                    if itag:
+                        f['format_id'] = itag
+                        itags.append(itag)
+                    f['quality'] = guess_quality(f)
                     filesize = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                         r'/clen/(\d+)', f.get('fragment_base_url')
                         or f['url'], 'file size', default=None))
                     if filesize:
                         f['filesize'] = filesize
-                    formats.append(f)
+                    yield f
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        base_url = self.http_scheme() + '//www.youtube.com/'
+        webpage_url = base_url + 'watch?v=' + video_id
+        webpage = None
+        if 'webpage' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                webpage_url + '&bpctr=9999999999&has_verified=1', video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        master_ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or self._get_default_ytcfg()
+
+        player_responses, player_url = self._extract_player_responses(
+            self._get_requested_clients(url, smuggled_data),
+            video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg)
+
+        get_first = lambda obj, keys, **kwargs: traverse_obj(obj, (..., *variadic(keys)), **kwargs, get_all=False)
+
+        playability_statuses = traverse_obj(
+            player_responses, (..., 'playabilityStatus'), expected_type=dict, default=[])
+
+        trailer_video_id = get_first(
+            playability_statuses,
+            ('errorScreen', 'playerLegacyDesktopYpcTrailerRenderer', 'trailerVideoId'),
+            expected_type=str)
+        if trailer_video_id:
+            return self.url_result(
+                trailer_video_id, self.ie_key(), trailer_video_id)
+
+        search_meta = ((lambda x: self._html_search_meta(x, webpage, default=None))
+                       if webpage else (lambda x: None))
+
+        video_details = traverse_obj(
+            player_responses, (..., 'videoDetails'), expected_type=dict, default=[])
+        microformats = traverse_obj(
+            player_responses, (..., 'microformat', 'playerMicroformatRenderer'),
+            expected_type=dict, default=[])
+        video_title = (
+            get_first(video_details, 'title')
+            or self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'title'))
+            or search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title', 'title']))
+        video_description = get_first(video_details, 'shortDescription')
+
+        if not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed', False):
+            if not self.get_param('noplaylist'):
+                multifeed_metadata_list = get_first(
+                    player_responses,
+                    ('multicamera', 'playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer', 'metadataList'),
+                    expected_type=str)
+                if multifeed_metadata_list:
+                    entries = []
+                    feed_ids = []
+                    for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
+                        # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
+                        # fields may contain comma as well (see
+                        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
+                        feed_data = compat_parse_qs(
+                            compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))
+
+                        def feed_entry(name):
+                            return try_get(
+                                feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], compat_str)
+
+                        feed_id = feed_entry('id')
+                        if not feed_id:
+                            continue
+                        feed_title = feed_entry('title')
+                        title = video_title
+                        if feed_title:
+                            title += ' (%s)' % feed_title
+                        entries.append({
+                            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+                            'ie_key': 'Youtube',
+                            'url': smuggle_url(
+                                '%swatch?v=%s' % (base_url, feed_data['id'][0]),
+                                {'force_singlefeed': True}),
+                            'title': title,
+                        })
+                        feed_ids.append(feed_id)
+                    self.to_screen(
+                        'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
+                        % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
+                    return self.playlist_result(
+                        entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
+            else:
+                self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
+
+        live_broadcast_details = traverse_obj(microformats, (..., 'liveBroadcastDetails'))
+        is_live = get_first(video_details, 'isLive')
+        if is_live is None:
+            is_live = get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'isLiveNow')
+
+        streaming_data = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'streamingData'), default=[])
+        formats = list(self._extract_formats(streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live))
 
         if not formats:
-            if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and streaming_data.get('licenseInfos'):
-                self.raise_no_formats(
-                    'This video is DRM protected.', expected=True)
-            pemr = try_get(
-                playability_status,
-                lambda x: x['errorScreen']['playerErrorMessageRenderer'],
-                dict) or {}
-            reason = self._get_text(pemr.get('reason')) or playability_status.get('reason')
-            subreason = pemr.get('subreason')
+            if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., 'licenseInfos')):
+                self.report_drm(video_id)
+            pemr = get_first(
+                playability_statuses,
+                ('errorScreen', 'playerErrorMessageRenderer'), expected_type=dict) or {}
+            reason = self._get_text(pemr, 'reason') or get_first(playability_statuses, 'reason')
+            subreason = clean_html(self._get_text(pemr, 'subreason') or '')
             if subreason:
-                subreason = clean_html(self._get_text(subreason))
                 if subreason == 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.':
-                    countries = microformat.get('availableCountries')
+                    countries = get_first(microformats, 'availableCountries')
                     if not countries:
                         regions_allowed = search_meta('regionsAllowed')
                         countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(subreason, countries, metadata_available=True)
-                reason += '\n' + subreason
+                reason += f'. {subreason}'
             if reason:
                 self.raise_no_formats(reason, expected=True)
 
-        self._sort_formats(formats)
+        for f in formats:
+            if '&c=WEB&' in f['url'] and '&ratebypass=yes&' not in f['url']:  # throttled
+                f['source_preference'] = -10
+                # TODO: this method is not reliable
+                f['format_note'] = format_field(f, 'format_note', '%s ') + '(maybe throttled)'
+
+        # Source is given priority since formats that throttle are given lower source_preference
+        # When throttling issue is fully fixed, remove this
+        self._sort_formats(formats, ('quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'codec:vp9.2', 'lang'))
 
-        keywords = video_details.get('keywords') or []
+        keywords = get_first(video_details, 'keywords', expected_type=list) or []
         if not keywords and webpage:
             keywords = [
                 unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
@@ -2646,49 +2674,71 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                         break
 
         thumbnails = []
-        for container in (video_details, microformat):
-            for thumbnail in (try_get(
-                    container,
-                    lambda x: x['thumbnail']['thumbnails'], list) or []):
-                thumbnail_url = thumbnail.get('url')
-                if not thumbnail_url:
-                    continue
-                # Sometimes youtube gives a wrong thumbnail URL. See:
-                # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/233
-                # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28023
-                if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url:
-                    thumbnail_url = thumbnail_url.split('?')[0]
-                thumbnails.append({
-                    'url': thumbnail_url,
-                    'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
-                    'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
-                    'preference': 1 if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url else -1
-                })
+        thumbnail_dicts = traverse_obj(
+            (video_details, microformats), (..., ..., 'thumbnail', 'thumbnails', ...),
+            expected_type=dict, default=[])
+        for thumbnail in thumbnail_dicts:
+            thumbnail_url = thumbnail.get('url')
+            if not thumbnail_url:
+                continue
+            # Sometimes youtube gives a wrong thumbnail URL. See:
+            # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/233
+            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28023
+            if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url:
+                thumbnail_url = thumbnail_url.split('?')[0]
+            thumbnails.append({
+                'url': thumbnail_url,
+                'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
+                'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
+            })
         thumbnail_url = search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'])
         if thumbnail_url:
             thumbnails.append({
                 'url': thumbnail_url,
-                'preference': 1 if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url else -1
             })
-        # All videos have a maxresdefault thumbnail, but sometimes it does not appear in the webpage
-        # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29049
-        thumbnails.append({
-            'url': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/%s/maxresdefault.jpg' % video_id,
-            'preference': 1,
-        })
+        # The best resolution thumbnails sometimes does not appear in the webpage
+        # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29049, https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/340
+        # List of possible thumbnails - Ref: <https://stackoverflow.com/a/20542029>
+        thumbnail_names = [
+            'maxresdefault', 'hq720', 'sddefault', 'sd1', 'sd2', 'sd3',
+            'hqdefault', 'hq1', 'hq2', 'hq3', '0',
+            'mqdefault', 'mq1', 'mq2', 'mq3',
+            'default', '1', '2', '3'
+        ]
+        n_thumbnail_names = len(thumbnail_names)
+
+        thumbnails.extend({
+            'url': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi{webp}/{video_id}/{name}{live}.{ext}'.format(
+                video_id=video_id, name=name, ext=ext,
+                webp='_webp' if ext == 'webp' else '', live='_live' if is_live else ''),
+        } for name in thumbnail_names for ext in ('webp', 'jpg'))
+        for thumb in thumbnails:
+            i = next((i for i, t in enumerate(thumbnail_names) if f'/{video_id}/{t}' in thumb['url']), n_thumbnail_names)
+            thumb['preference'] = (0 if '.webp' in thumb['url'] else -1) - (2 * i)
         self._remove_duplicate_formats(thumbnails)
 
-        category = microformat.get('category') or search_meta('genre')
-        channel_id = video_details.get('channelId') \
-            or microformat.get('externalChannelId') \
-            or search_meta('channelId')
+        category = get_first(microformats, 'category') or search_meta('genre')
+        channel_id = str_or_none(
+            get_first(video_details, 'channelId')
+            or get_first(microformats, 'externalChannelId')
+            or search_meta('channelId'))
         duration = int_or_none(
-            video_details.get('lengthSeconds')
-            or microformat.get('lengthSeconds')) \
-            or parse_duration(search_meta('duration'))
-        is_live = video_details.get('isLive')
-        is_upcoming = video_details.get('isUpcoming')
-        owner_profile_url = microformat.get('ownerProfileUrl')
+            get_first(video_details, 'lengthSeconds')
+            or get_first(microformats, 'lengthSeconds')
+            or parse_duration(search_meta('duration'))) or None
+        owner_profile_url = get_first(microformats, 'ownerProfileUrl')
+
+        live_content = get_first(video_details, 'isLiveContent')
+        is_upcoming = get_first(video_details, 'isUpcoming')
+        if is_live is None:
+            if is_upcoming or live_content is False:
+                is_live = False
+        if is_upcoming is None and (live_content or is_live):
+            is_upcoming = False
+        live_starttime = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'startTimestamp'))
+        live_endtime = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'endTimestamp'))
+        if not duration and live_endtime and live_starttime:
+            duration = live_endtime - live_starttime
 
         info = {
             'id': video_id,
@@ -2697,36 +2747,48 @@ def feed_entry(name):
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'description': video_description,
             'upload_date': unified_strdate(
-                microformat.get('uploadDate')
+                get_first(microformats, 'uploadDate')
                 or search_meta('uploadDate')),
-            'uploader': video_details['author'],
+            'uploader': get_first(video_details, 'author'),
             'uploader_id': self._search_regex(r'/(?:channel|user)/([^/?&#]+)', owner_profile_url, 'uploader id') if owner_profile_url else None,
             'uploader_url': owner_profile_url,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/' + channel_id if channel_id else None,
+            'channel_url': f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}' if channel_id else None,
             'duration': duration,
             'view_count': int_or_none(
-                video_details.get('viewCount')
-                or microformat.get('viewCount')
+                get_first((video_details, microformats), (..., 'viewCount'))
                 or search_meta('interactionCount')),
-            'average_rating': float_or_none(video_details.get('averageRating')),
+            'average_rating': float_or_none(get_first(video_details, 'averageRating')),
             'age_limit': 18 if (
-                microformat.get('isFamilySafe') is False
+                get_first(microformats, 'isFamilySafe') is False
                 or search_meta('isFamilyFriendly') == 'false'
                 or search_meta('og:restrictions:age') == '18+') else 0,
             'webpage_url': webpage_url,
             'categories': [category] if category else None,
             'tags': keywords,
+            'playable_in_embed': get_first(playability_statuses, 'playableInEmbed'),
             'is_live': is_live,
-            'playable_in_embed': playability_status.get('playableInEmbed'),
-            'was_live': video_details.get('isLiveContent'),
+            'was_live': (False if is_live or is_upcoming or live_content is False
+                         else None if is_live is None or is_upcoming is None
+                         else live_content),
+            'live_status': 'is_upcoming' if is_upcoming else None,  # rest will be set by YoutubeDL
+            'release_timestamp': live_starttime,
         }
 
-        pctr = try_get(
-            player_response,
-            lambda x: x['captions']['playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer'], dict)
-        subtitles = {}
+        pctr = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
         if pctr:
+            def get_lang_code(track):
+                return (remove_start(track.get('vssId') or '', '.').replace('.', '-')
+                        or track.get('languageCode'))
+
+            # Converted into dicts to remove duplicates
+            captions = {
+                get_lang_code(sub): sub
+                for sub in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'captionTracks', ...), default=[])}
+            translation_languages = {
+                lang.get('languageCode'): self._get_text(lang.get('languageName'), max_runs=1)
+                for lang in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'translationLanguages', ...), default=[])}
+
             def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                 lang_subs = container.setdefault(lang_code, [])
                 for fmt in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
@@ -2739,32 +2801,29 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                         'name': sub_name,
                     })
 
-            for caption_track in (pctr.get('captionTracks') or []):
+            subtitles, automatic_captions = {}, {}
+            for lang_code, caption_track in captions.items():
                 base_url = caption_track.get('baseUrl')
                 if not base_url:
                     continue
+                lang_name = self._get_text(caption_track, 'name', max_runs=1)
                 if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
-                    lang_code = (
-                        remove_start(caption_track.get('vssId') or '', '.').replace('.', '-')
-                        or caption_track.get('languageCode'))
                     if not lang_code:
                         continue
                     process_language(
-                        subtitles, base_url, lang_code,
-                        try_get(caption_track, lambda x: x['name']['simpleText']),
-                        {})
-                    continue
-                automatic_captions = {}
-                for translation_language in (pctr.get('translationLanguages') or []):
-                    translation_language_code = translation_language.get('languageCode')
-                    if not translation_language_code:
+                        subtitles, base_url, lang_code, lang_name, {})
+                    if not caption_track.get('isTranslatable'):
+                        continue
+                for trans_code, trans_name in translation_languages.items():
+                    if not trans_code:
                         continue
+                    if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
+                        trans_code += f'-{lang_code}'
+                        trans_name += format_field(lang_name, template=' from %s')
                     process_language(
-                        automatic_captions, base_url, translation_language_code,
-                        self._get_text(translation_language.get('languageName'), max_runs=1),
-                        {'tlang': translation_language_code})
-                info['automatic_captions'] = automatic_captions
-        info['subtitles'] = subtitles
+                        automatic_captions, base_url, trans_code, trans_name, {'tlang': trans_code})
+            info['automatic_captions'] = automatic_captions
+            info['subtitles'] = subtitles
 
         parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
         for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
@@ -2799,15 +2858,18 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                 webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, video_id,
                 'yt initial data')
         if not initial_data:
+            query = {'videoId': video_id}
+            query.update(self._get_checkok_params())
             initial_data = self._extract_response(
                 item_id=video_id, ep='next', fatal=False,
-                ytcfg=ytcfg, headers=headers, query={'videoId': video_id},
+                ytcfg=master_ytcfg, query=query,
+                headers=self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=master_ytcfg),
                 note='Downloading initial data API JSON')
 
         try:
             # This will error if there is no livechat
             initial_data['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['conversationBar']['liveChatRenderer']['continuations'][0]['reloadContinuationData']['continuation']
-            info['subtitles']['live_chat'] = [{
+            info.setdefault('subtitles', {})['live_chat'] = [{
                 'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,  # url is needed to set cookies
                 'video_id': video_id,
                 'ext': 'json',
@@ -2817,38 +2879,10 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
             pass
 
         if initial_data:
-            chapters = self._extract_chapters_from_json(
-                initial_data, video_id, duration)
-            if not chapters:
-                for engagment_pannel in (initial_data.get('engagementPanels') or []):
-                    contents = try_get(
-                        engagment_pannel, lambda x: x['engagementPanelSectionListRenderer']['content']['macroMarkersListRenderer']['contents'],
-                        list)
-                    if not contents:
-                        continue
-
-                    def chapter_time(mmlir):
-                        return parse_duration(
-                            self._get_text(mmlir.get('timeDescription')))
-
-                    chapters = []
-                    for next_num, content in enumerate(contents, start=1):
-                        mmlir = content.get('macroMarkersListItemRenderer') or {}
-                        start_time = chapter_time(mmlir)
-                        end_time = chapter_time(try_get(
-                            contents, lambda x: x[next_num]['macroMarkersListItemRenderer'])) \
-                            if next_num < len(contents) else duration
-                        if start_time is None or end_time is None:
-                            continue
-                        chapters.append({
-                            'start_time': start_time,
-                            'end_time': end_time,
-                            'title': self._get_text(mmlir.get('title')),
-                        })
-                    if chapters:
-                        break
-            if chapters:
-                info['chapters'] = chapters
+            info['chapters'] = (
+                self._extract_chapters_from_json(initial_data, duration)
+                or self._extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(initial_data, duration)
+                or None)
 
             contents = try_get(
                 initial_data,
@@ -2899,10 +2933,7 @@ def chapter_time(mmlir):
                         })
                 vsir = content.get('videoSecondaryInfoRenderer')
                 if vsir:
-                    info['channel'] = self._get_text(try_get(
-                        vsir,
-                        lambda x: x['owner']['videoOwnerRenderer']['title'],
-                        dict))
+                    info['channel'] = self._get_text(vsir, ('owner', 'videoOwnerRenderer', 'title'))
                     rows = try_get(
                         vsir,
                         lambda x: x['metadataRowContainer']['metadataRowContainerRenderer']['rows'],
@@ -2917,8 +2948,8 @@ def chapter_time(mmlir):
                         mrr_title = mrr.get('title')
                         if not mrr_title:
                             continue
-                        mrr_title = self._get_text(mrr['title'])
-                        mrr_contents_text = self._get_text(mrr['contents'][0])
+                        mrr_title = self._get_text(mrr, 'title')
+                        mrr_contents_text = self._get_text(mrr, ('contents', 0))
                         if mrr_title == 'License':
                             info['license'] = mrr_contents_text
                         elif not multiple_songs:
@@ -2943,8 +2974,8 @@ def chapter_time(mmlir):
             if v:
                 info[d_k] = v
 
-        is_private = bool_or_none(video_details.get('isPrivate'))
-        is_unlisted = bool_or_none(microformat.get('isUnlisted'))
+        is_private = get_first(video_details, 'isPrivate', expected_type=bool)
+        is_unlisted = get_first(microformats, 'isUnlisted', expected_type=bool)
         is_membersonly = None
         is_premium = None
         if initial_data and is_private is not None:
@@ -2971,48 +3002,15 @@ def chapter_time(mmlir):
             needs_auth=info['age_limit'] >= 18,
             is_unlisted=None if is_private is None else is_unlisted)
 
-        # get xsrf for annotations or comments
-        get_annotations = self.get_param('writeannotations', False)
-        get_comments = self.get_param('getcomments', False)
-        if get_annotations or get_comments:
-            xsrf_token = None
-            ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage)
-            if ytcfg:
-                xsrf_token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['XSRF_TOKEN'], compat_str)
-            if not xsrf_token:
-                xsrf_token = self._search_regex(
-                    r'([\'"])XSRF_TOKEN\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_token>(?:(?!\2).)+)\2',
-                    webpage, 'xsrf token', group='xsrf_token', fatal=False)
-
-        # annotations
-        if get_annotations:
-            invideo_url = try_get(
-                player_response, lambda x: x['annotations'][0]['playerAnnotationsUrlsRenderer']['invideoUrl'], compat_str)
-            if xsrf_token and invideo_url:
-                xsrf_field_name = None
-                if ytcfg:
-                    xsrf_field_name = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['XSRF_FIELD_NAME'], compat_str)
-                if not xsrf_field_name:
-                    xsrf_field_name = self._search_regex(
-                        r'([\'"])XSRF_FIELD_NAME\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_field_name>\w+)\2',
-                        webpage, 'xsrf field name',
-                        group='xsrf_field_name', default='session_token')
-                info['annotations'] = self._download_webpage(
-                    self._proto_relative_url(invideo_url),
-                    video_id, note='Downloading annotations',
-                    errnote='Unable to download video annotations', fatal=False,
-                    data=urlencode_postdata({xsrf_field_name: xsrf_token}))
-
-        if get_comments:
-            info['__post_extractor'] = lambda: self._extract_comments(ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage)
-
-        self.mark_watched(video_id, player_response)
+        info['__post_extractor'] = self.extract_comments(master_ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage)
+
+        self.mark_watched(video_id, player_responses)
 
         return info
 
 
 class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com tab'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube Tabs'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     https?://
                         (?:\w+\.)?
@@ -3287,7 +3285,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ/live',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'X1whbWASnNQ',  # This will keep changing
+            'id': '3yImotZU3tw',  # This will keep changing
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': compat_str,
             'uploader': 'Sky News',
@@ -3351,7 +3349,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/watch_later',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'note': 'Recommended - redirects to home page',
+        'note': 'Recommended - redirects to home page.',
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
@@ -3448,6 +3446,51 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'availability': 'unlisted'
         },
         'playlist_count': 1,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'API Fallback: Recommended - redirects to home page. Requires visitorData',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'recommended',
+            'title': 'recommended',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 50,
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}}
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'API Fallback: /videos tab, sorted by oldest first',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/theCodyReeder/videos?view=0&sort=da&flow=grid',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
+            'title': 'Cody\'sLab - Videos',
+            'description': 'md5:d083b7c2f0c67ee7a6c74c3e9b4243fa',
+            'uploader': 'Cody\'sLab',
+            'uploader_id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 650,
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}}
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'API Fallback: Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+            'uploader_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+            'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
+            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [
+            'A channel/user page was given',
+            'The URL does not have a videos tab',
+        ],
+        'playlist_mincount': 101,
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}}
+        },
     }]
 
     @classmethod
@@ -3489,7 +3532,7 @@ def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
             renderer = self._extract_basic_item_renderer(item)
             if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                 continue
-            title = self._get_text(renderer.get('title'))
+            title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')
 
             # playlist
             playlist_id = renderer.get('playlistId')
@@ -3549,7 +3592,7 @@ def _shelf_entries(self, shelf_renderer, skip_channels=False):
             # will not work
             if skip_channels and '/channels?' in shelf_url:
                 return
-            title = self._get_text(shelf_renderer, lambda x: x['title'])
+            title = self._get_text(shelf_renderer, 'title')
             yield self.url_result(shelf_url, video_title=title)
         # Shelf may not contain shelf URL, fallback to extraction from content
         for entry in self._shelf_entries_from_content(shelf_renderer):
@@ -3636,7 +3679,7 @@ def _rich_grid_entries(self, contents):
                 if entry:
                     yield entry
     '''
-    def _entries(self, tab, item_id, identity_token, account_syncid, ytcfg):
+    def _entries(self, tab, item_id, ytcfg, account_syncid, visitor_data):
 
         def extract_entries(parent_renderer):  # this needs to called again for continuation to work with feeds
             contents = try_get(parent_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
@@ -3678,7 +3721,7 @@ def extract_entries(parent_renderer):  # this needs to called again for continua
             if not continuation_list[0]:
                 continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(parent_renderer)
 
-        continuation_list = [None]  # Python 2 doesnot support nonlocal
+        continuation_list = [None]  # Python 2 does not support nonlocal
         tab_content = try_get(tab, lambda x: x['content'], dict)
         if not tab_content:
             return
@@ -3688,12 +3731,12 @@ def extract_entries(parent_renderer):  # this needs to called again for continua
         for entry in extract_entries(parent_renderer):
             yield entry
         continuation = continuation_list[0]
-        visitor_data = None
 
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
             if not continuation:
                 break
-            headers = self._generate_api_headers(ytcfg, identity_token, account_syncid, visitor_data)
+            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
+                ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=account_syncid, visitor_data=visitor_data)
             response = self._extract_response(
                 item_id='%s page %s' % (item_id, page_num),
                 query=continuation, headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
@@ -3701,8 +3744,9 @@ def extract_entries(parent_renderer):  # this needs to called again for continua
 
             if not response:
                 break
-            visitor_data = try_get(
-                response, lambda x: x['responseContext']['visitorData'], compat_str) or visitor_data
+            # Extracting updated visitor data is required to prevent an infinite extraction loop in some cases
+            # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28702
+            visitor_data = self._extract_visitor_data(response) or visitor_data
 
             known_continuation_renderers = {
                 'playlistVideoListContinuation': self._playlist_entries,
@@ -3728,6 +3772,7 @@ def extract_entries(parent_renderer):  # this needs to called again for continua
             known_renderers = {
                 'gridPlaylistRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
                 'gridVideoRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
+                'gridChannelRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
                 'playlistVideoRenderer': (self._playlist_entries, 'contents'),
                 'itemSectionRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for feeds
                 'richItemRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for hashtag
@@ -3775,9 +3820,10 @@ def _extract_uploader(cls, data):
                 try_get(owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['canonicalBaseUrl'], compat_str))
         return {k: v for k, v in uploader.items() if v is not None}
 
-    def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, webpage, data, tabs):
+    def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs):
         playlist_id = title = description = channel_url = channel_name = channel_id = None
-        thumbnails_list = tags = []
+        thumbnails_list = []
+        tags = []
 
         selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
         renderer = try_get(
@@ -3842,20 +3888,15 @@ def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, webpage, data, tabs):
             'channel': metadata['uploader'],
             'channel_id': metadata['uploader_id'],
             'channel_url': metadata['uploader_url']})
-        ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
         return self.playlist_result(
             self._entries(
-                selected_tab, playlist_id,
-                self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id),
-                self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data), ytcfg),
+                selected_tab, playlist_id, ytcfg,
+                self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
+                self._extract_visitor_data(data, ytcfg)),
             **metadata)
 
-    def _extract_mix_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, webpage):
-        first_id = last_id = None
-        ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(playlist_id, webpage)
-        headers = self._generate_api_headers(
-            ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
-            identity_token=self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id=playlist_id))
+    def _extract_mix_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg):
+        first_id = last_id = response = None
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
             videos = list(self._playlist_entries(playlist))
             if not videos:
@@ -3872,6 +3913,9 @@ def _extract_mix_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, webpage):
             last_id = videos[-1]['id']
             watch_endpoint = try_get(
                 playlist, lambda x: x['contents'][-1]['playlistPanelVideoRenderer']['navigationEndpoint']['watchEndpoint'])
+            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
+                ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
+                visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response, data, ytcfg))
             query = {
                 'playlistId': playlist_id,
                 'videoId': watch_endpoint.get('videoId') or last_id,
@@ -3886,7 +3930,7 @@ def _extract_mix_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, webpage):
             playlist = try_get(
                 response, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)
 
-    def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist, webpage):
+    def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist, ytcfg):
         title = playlist.get('title') or try_get(
             data, lambda x: x['titleText']['simpleText'], compat_str)
         playlist_id = playlist.get('playlistId') or item_id
@@ -3901,7 +3945,7 @@ def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist, webpage):
                 video_title=title)
 
         return self.playlist_result(
-            self._extract_mix_playlist(playlist, playlist_id, data, webpage),
+            self._extract_mix_playlist(playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg),
             playlist_id=playlist_id, playlist_title=title)
 
     def _extract_availability(self, data):
@@ -3922,8 +3966,7 @@ def _extract_availability(self, data):
                 renderer_dict, lambda x: x['privacyDropdownItemRenderer']['isSelected'], bool) or False
             if not is_selected:
                 continue
-            label = self._get_text(
-                try_get(renderer_dict, lambda x: x['privacyDropdownItemRenderer']['label'], dict) or [])
+            label = self._get_text(renderer_dict, ('privacyDropdownItemRenderer', 'label'))
             if label:
                 badge_labels.add(label.lower())
                 break
@@ -3946,7 +3989,7 @@ def _extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, info_renderer, expected_type=dict):
             if renderer:
                 return renderer
 
-    def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, webpage):
+    def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, ytcfg):
         """
         Get playlist with unavailable videos if the 'show unavailable videos' button exists.
         """
@@ -3970,12 +4013,9 @@ def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, webpage):
             params = browse_endpoint.get('params')
             break
 
-        ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
-        headers = self._generate_api_headers(
-            ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
-            identity_token=self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id=item_id),
-            visitor_data=try_get(
-                self._extract_context(ytcfg), lambda x: x['client']['visitorData'], compat_str))
+        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
+            ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
+            visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(data, ytcfg))
         query = {
             'params': params or 'wgYCCAA=',
             'browseId': browse_id or 'VL%s' % item_id
@@ -3985,28 +4025,87 @@ def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, webpage):
             check_get_keys='contents', fatal=False, ytcfg=ytcfg,
             note='Downloading API JSON with unavailable videos')
 
-    def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id):
+    def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id, fatal=True):
         retries = self.get_param('extractor_retries', 3)
         count = -1
-        last_error = 'Incomplete yt initial data recieved'
+        webpage = data = last_error = None
         while count < retries:
             count += 1
             # Sometimes youtube returns a webpage with incomplete ytInitialData
             # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/116
-            if count:
+            if last_error:
                 self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % last_error)
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                url, item_id,
-                'Downloading webpage%s' % (' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''))
-            data = self._extract_yt_initial_data(item_id, webpage)
-            if data.get('contents') or data.get('currentVideoEndpoint'):
+            try:
+                webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                    url, item_id,
+                    note='Downloading webpage%s' % (' (retry #%d)' % count if count else '',))
+                data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(item_id, webpage or '', fatal=fatal) or {}
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
+                    if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
+                        last_error = error_to_compat_str(e.cause or e.msg)
+                        if count < retries:
+                            continue
+                if fatal:
+                    raise
+                self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
                 break
-            # Extract alerts here only when there is error
-            self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
-            if count >= retries:
-                raise ExtractorError(last_error)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
+                except ExtractorError as e:
+                    if fatal:
+                        raise
+                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
+                    break
+
+                if dict_get(data, ('contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint')):
+                    break
+
+                last_error = 'Incomplete yt initial data received'
+                if count >= retries:
+                    if fatal:
+                        raise ExtractorError(last_error)
+                    self.report_warning(last_error)
+                    break
+
         return webpage, data
 
+    def _extract_data(self, url, item_id, ytcfg=None, fatal=True, webpage_fatal=False, default_client='web'):
+        data = None
+        if 'webpage' not in self._configuration_arg('skip'):
+            webpage, data = self._extract_webpage(url, item_id, fatal=webpage_fatal)
+            ytcfg = ytcfg or self.extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
+        if not data:
+            if not ytcfg and self.is_authenticated:
+                msg = 'Playlists that require authentication may not extract correctly without a successful webpage download.'
+                if 'authcheck' not in self._configuration_arg('skip') and fatal:
+                    raise ExtractorError(
+                        msg + ' If you are not downloading private content, or your cookies are only for the first account and channel,'
+                              ' pass "--extractor-args youtubetab:skip=authcheck" to skip this check',
+                        expected=True)
+                self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)
+            data = self._extract_tab_endpoint(url, item_id, ytcfg, fatal=fatal, default_client=default_client)
+        return data, ytcfg
+
+    def _extract_tab_endpoint(self, url, item_id, ytcfg=None, fatal=True, default_client='web'):
+        headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, default_client=default_client)
+        resolve_response = self._extract_response(
+            item_id=item_id, query={'url': url}, check_get_keys='endpoint', headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=fatal,
+            ep='navigation/resolve_url', note='Downloading API parameters API JSON', default_client=default_client)
+        endpoints = {'browseEndpoint': 'browse', 'watchEndpoint': 'next'}
+        for ep_key, ep in endpoints.items():
+            params = try_get(resolve_response, lambda x: x['endpoint'][ep_key], dict)
+            if params:
+                return self._extract_response(
+                    item_id=item_id, query=params, ep=ep, headers=headers,
+                    ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=fatal, default_client=default_client,
+                    check_get_keys=('contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint'))
+        err_note = 'Failed to resolve url (does the playlist exist?)'
+        if fatal:
+            raise ExtractorError(err_note, expected=True)
+        self.report_warning(err_note, item_id)
+
     @staticmethod
     def _smuggle_data(entries, data):
         for entry in entries:
@@ -4039,7 +4138,6 @@ def get_mobj(url):
         mobj = get_mobj(url)
         # Youtube returns incomplete data if tabname is not lower case
         pre, tab, post, is_channel = mobj['pre'], mobj['tab'].lower(), mobj['post'], not mobj['not_channel']
-
         if is_channel:
             if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url'):
                 if item_id[:2] == 'VL':
@@ -4047,12 +4145,14 @@ def get_mobj(url):
                     item_id = item_id[2:]
                     pre, tab, post, is_channel = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % item_id, '', '', False
                 elif item_id[:2] == 'MP':
-                    # Youtube music albums (/channel/MP...) have a OLAK playlist that can be extracted from the webpage
-                    item_id = self._search_regex(
-                        r'\\x22audioPlaylistId\\x22:\\x22([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)\\x22',
-                        self._download_webpage('https://music.youtube.com/channel/%s' % item_id, item_id),
-                        'playlist id')
-                    pre, tab, post, is_channel = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % item_id, '', '', False
+                    # Resolve albums (/[channel/browse]/MP...) to their equivalent playlist
+                    mdata = self._extract_tab_endpoint(
+                        'https://music.youtube.com/channel/%s' % item_id, item_id, default_client='web_music')
+                    murl = traverse_obj(
+                        mdata, ('microformat', 'microformatDataRenderer', 'urlCanonical'), get_all=False, expected_type=compat_str)
+                    if not murl:
+                        raise ExtractorError('Failed to resolve album to playlist.')
+                    return self.url_result(murl, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
                 elif mobj['channel_type'] == 'browse':
                     # Youtube music /browse/ should be changed to /channel/
                     pre = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % item_id
@@ -4083,10 +4183,10 @@ def get_mobj(url):
         if video_id and playlist_id:
             if self.get_param('noplaylist'):
                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
-                return self.url_result(video_id, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
+                return self.url_result(f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}', ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
             self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s; add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
 
-        webpage, data = self._extract_webpage(url, item_id)
+        data, ytcfg = self._extract_data(url, item_id)
 
         tabs = try_get(
             data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer']['tabs'], list)
@@ -4104,11 +4204,7 @@ def get_mobj(url):
                         pl_id = 'UU%s' % item_id[2:]
                         pl_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s%s' % (pl_id, mobj['post'])
                         try:
-                            pl_webpage, pl_data = self._extract_webpage(pl_url, pl_id)
-                            for alert_type, alert_message in self._extract_alerts(pl_data):
-                                if alert_type == 'error':
-                                    raise ExtractorError('Youtube said: %s' % alert_message)
-                            item_id, url, webpage, data = pl_id, pl_url, pl_webpage, pl_data
+                            data, ytcfg, item_id, url = *self._extract_data(pl_url, pl_id, ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=True), pl_id, pl_url
                         except ExtractorError:
                             self.report_warning('The playlist gave error. Falling back to channel URL')
                     else:
@@ -4118,17 +4214,17 @@ def get_mobj(url):
 
         # YouTube sometimes provides a button to reload playlist with unavailable videos.
         if 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos' not in compat_opts:
-            data = self._reload_with_unavailable_videos(item_id, data, webpage) or data
-        self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
+            data = self._reload_with_unavailable_videos(item_id, data, ytcfg) or data
+        self._extract_and_report_alerts(data, only_once=True)
         tabs = try_get(
             data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer']['tabs'], list)
         if tabs:
-            return self._extract_from_tabs(item_id, webpage, data, tabs)
+            return self._extract_from_tabs(item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs)
 
         playlist = try_get(
             data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)
         if playlist:
-            return self._extract_from_playlist(item_id, url, data, playlist, webpage)
+            return self._extract_from_playlist(item_id, url, data, playlist, ytcfg)
 
         video_id = try_get(
             data, lambda x: x['currentVideoEndpoint']['watchEndpoint']['videoId'],
@@ -4136,13 +4232,13 @@ def get_mobj(url):
         if video_id:
             if mobj['tab'] != '/live':  # live tab is expected to redirect to video
                 self.report_warning('Unable to recognize playlist. Downloading just video %s' % video_id)
-            return self.url_result(video_id, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
+            return self.url_result(f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}', ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
 
         raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')
 
 
 class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube playlists'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)(?:
                         (?:https?://)?
                         (?:\w+\.)?
@@ -4164,6 +4260,7 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
             'uploader': 'Wickydoo',
             'uploader_id': 'UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
+            'description': 'md5:8fa6f52abb47a9552002fa3ddfc57fc2',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 29,
     }, {
@@ -4186,12 +4283,13 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
-        'playlist_mincount': 982,
+        'playlist_mincount': 654,
         'info_dict': {
             'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
             'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
             'uploader': 'LBK',
             'uploader_id': 'UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
+            'description': 'md5:da521864744d60a198e3a88af4db0d9d',
         }
     }, {
         'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
@@ -4206,9 +4304,7 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
     def suitable(cls, url):
         if YoutubeTabIE.suitable(url):
             return False
-        # Hack for lazy extractors until more generic solution is implemented
-        # (see #28780)
-        from .youtube import parse_qs
+        from ..utils import parse_qs
         qs = parse_qs(url)
         if qs.get('v', [None])[0]:
             return False
@@ -4254,7 +4350,7 @@ class YoutubeYtBeIE(InfoExtractor):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
+        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
         video_id = mobj.group('id')
         playlist_id = mobj.group('playlist_id')
         return self.url_result(
@@ -4266,7 +4362,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class YoutubeYtUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos, URL or "ytuser" keyword'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix'
     _VALID_URL = r'ytuser:(?P<id>.+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
@@ -4282,7 +4378,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com liked videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)'
     _VALID_URL = r':ytfav(?:ou?rite)?s?'
     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -4300,20 +4396,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubeTabIE):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, "ytsearch" keyword'
-    # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
-    # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
-    _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube searches'
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
     _SEARCH_PARAMS = None
     _TESTS = []
 
-    def _entries(self, query, n):
+    def _search_results(self, query):
         data = {'query': query}
         if self._SEARCH_PARAMS:
             data['params'] = self._SEARCH_PARAMS
-        total = 0
         continuation = {}
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
             data.update(continuation)
@@ -4356,34 +4448,29 @@ def _entries(self, query, n):
                         continue
 
                     yield self._extract_video(video)
-                    total += 1
-                    if total == n:
-                        return
 
             if not continuation:
                 break
 
-    def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
-        """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(query, n), query)
-
 
 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first, "ytsearchdate" keyword'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube searches, newest videos first'
     _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'CAI%3D'
 
 
 class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support'
     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + '_url'
+    _SEARCH_KEY = None
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
     # _MAX_RESULTS = 100
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
         'playlist_mincount': 5,
         'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
             'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
         }
     }, {
@@ -4396,7 +4483,7 @@ def _make_valid_url(cls):
         return cls._VALID_URL
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).query)
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
         query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
         self._SEARCH_PARAMS = qs.get('sp', ('',))[0]
         return self._get_n_results(query, self._MAX_RESULTS)
@@ -4422,7 +4509,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
-    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
+    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)'
     _VALID_URL = r':ytwatchlater'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': ':ytwatchlater',
@@ -4435,7 +4522,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/?(?:[?#]|$)|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
@@ -4452,7 +4539,7 @@ class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
 
 
 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, ":ytsubs" for short (requires authentication)'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)'
     _VALID_URL = r':ytsub(?:scription)?s?'
     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -4465,7 +4552,7 @@ class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
 
 
 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythis" for short (requires authentication)'
+    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)'
     _VALID_URL = r':ythis(?:tory)?'
     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -4523,6 +4610,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             expected=True)
 
 
+class YoutubeClipIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:clip'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/clip/'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        self.report_warning('YouTube clips are not currently supported. The entire video will be downloaded instead')
+        return self.url_result(url, 'Generic')
+
+
 class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list