]> jfr.im git - yt-dlp.git/blobdiff - yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
[youtube] multiple subtitles in same language
[yt-dlp.git] / yt_dlp / extractor / youtube.py
index f9323d2925d80415966980fa47ebd22a1f712417..51abeb2db1ebd3774b5bdc208b474dc810f08ac0 100644 (file)
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
+import calendar
 import hashlib
 import itertools
 import json
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@
 from ..compat import (
     compat_chr,
     compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_kwargs,
     compat_parse_qs,
     compat_str,
     compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
 )
 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
 from ..utils import (
+    bool_or_none,
     clean_html,
+    dict_get,
+    datetime_from_str,
+    error_to_compat_str,
     ExtractorError,
     format_field,
     float_or_none,
     update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
-    urljoin,
+    urljoin
 )
 
 
+def parse_qs(url):
+    return compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
+
+
 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
@@ -60,7 +68,7 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
 
     _RESERVED_NAMES = (
         r'channel|c|user|playlist|watch|w|v|embed|e|watch_popup|'
-        r'movies|results|shared|hashtag|trending|feed|feeds|'
+        r'movies|results|shared|hashtag|trending|feed|feeds|oembed|'
         r'storefront|oops|index|account|reporthistory|t/terms|about|upload|signin|logout')
 
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
@@ -69,11 +77,6 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
 
     _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}|RDMM|WL|LL|LM)'
 
-    def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
-        return [
-            self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
-            for vid_id in ids]
-
     def _login(self):
         """
         Attempt to log in to YouTube.
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ def req(url, f_req, note, errnote):
                 })
 
         def warn(message):
-            self._downloader.report_warning(message)
+            self.report_warning(message)
 
         lookup_req = [
             username,
@@ -259,27 +262,30 @@ def warn(message):
 
         return True
 
-    def _download_webpage_handle(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        query = kwargs.get('query', {}).copy()
-        kwargs['query'] = query
-        return super(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, self)._download_webpage_handle(
-            *args, **compat_kwargs(kwargs))
+    def _initialize_consent(self):
+        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
+        if cookies.get('__Secure-3PSID'):
+            return
+        consent_id = None
+        consent = cookies.get('CONSENT')
+        if consent:
+            if 'YES' in consent.value:
+                return
+            consent_id = self._search_regex(
+                r'PENDING\+(\d+)', consent.value, 'consent', default=None)
+        if not consent_id:
+            consent_id = random.randint(100, 999)
+        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', 'CONSENT', 'YES+cb.20210328-17-p0.en+FX+%s' % consent_id)
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._initialize_consent()
         if self._downloader is None:
             return
         if not self._login():
             return
 
-    _DEFAULT_API_DATA = {
-        'context': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'WEB',
-                'clientVersion': '2.20210301.08.00',
-            }
-        },
-    }
-
+    _YT_WEB_CLIENT_VERSION = '2.20210407.08.00'
+    _YT_INNERTUBE_API_KEY = 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8'
     _YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE = r'(?:window\s*\[\s*["\']ytInitialData["\']\s*\]|ytInitialData)\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
     _YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE = r'ytInitialPlayerResponse\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
     _YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE = r'(?:var\s+meta|</script|\n)'
@@ -293,20 +299,23 @@ def _generate_sapisidhash_header(self):
         return "SAPISIDHASH %s_%s" % (time_now, sapisidhash)
 
     def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True, headers=None,
-                  note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page'):
-        data = self._DEFAULT_API_DATA.copy()
-        data.update(query)
-        headers = headers or {}
-        headers.update({'content-type': 'application/json'})
-        auth = self._generate_sapisidhash_header()
-        if auth is not None:
-            headers.update({'Authorization': auth, 'X-Origin': 'https://www.youtube.com'})
+                  note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page',
+                  context=None, api_key=None):
 
+        data = {'context': context} if context else {'context': self._extract_context()}
+        data.update(query)
+        real_headers = self._generate_api_headers()
+        real_headers.update({'content-type': 'application/json'})
+        if headers:
+            real_headers.update(headers)
         return self._download_json(
             'https://www.youtube.com/youtubei/v1/%s' % ep,
             video_id=video_id, fatal=fatal, note=note, errnote=errnote,
-            data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf8'), headers=headers,
-            query={'key': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8'})
+            data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf8'), headers=real_headers,
+            query={'key': api_key or self._extract_api_key()})
+
+    def _extract_api_key(self, ytcfg=None):
+        return try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_API_KEY'], compat_str) or self._YT_INNERTUBE_API_KEY
 
     def _extract_yt_initial_data(self, video_id, webpage):
         return self._parse_json(
@@ -315,11 +324,79 @@ def _extract_yt_initial_data(self, video_id, webpage):
                  self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE), webpage, 'yt initial data'),
             video_id)
 
+    def _extract_identity_token(self, webpage, item_id):
+        ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
+        if ytcfg:
+            token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['ID_TOKEN'], compat_str)
+            if token:
+                return token
+        return self._search_regex(
+            r'\bID_TOKEN["\']\s*:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage,
+            'identity token', default=None)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_account_syncid(data):
+        """
+        Extract syncId required to download private playlists of secondary channels
+        @param data Either response or ytcfg
+        """
+        sync_ids = (try_get(
+            data, (lambda x: x['responseContext']['mainAppWebResponseContext']['datasyncId'],
+                   lambda x: x['DATASYNC_ID']), compat_str) or '').split("||")
+        if len(sync_ids) >= 2 and sync_ids[1]:
+            # datasyncid is of the form "channel_syncid||user_syncid" for secondary channel
+            # and just "user_syncid||" for primary channel. We only want the channel_syncid
+            return sync_ids[0]
+        # ytcfg includes channel_syncid if on secondary channel
+        return data.get('DELEGATED_SESSION_ID')
+
     def _extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
+        if not webpage:
+            return {}
         return self._parse_json(
             self._search_regex(
                 r'ytcfg\.set\s*\(\s*({.+?})\s*\)\s*;', webpage, 'ytcfg',
-                default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False)
+                default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}
+
+    def __extract_client_version(self, ytcfg):
+        return try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION'], compat_str) or self._YT_WEB_CLIENT_VERSION
+
+    def _extract_context(self, ytcfg=None):
+        context = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT'], dict)
+        if context:
+            return context
+
+        # Recreate the client context (required)
+        client_version = self.__extract_client_version(ytcfg)
+        client_name = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME'], compat_str) or 'WEB'
+        context = {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': client_name,
+                'clientVersion': client_version,
+            }
+        }
+        visitor_data = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['VISITOR_DATA'], compat_str)
+        if visitor_data:
+            context['client']['visitorData'] = visitor_data
+        return context
+
+    def _generate_api_headers(self, ytcfg=None, identity_token=None, account_syncid=None, visitor_data=None):
+        headers = {
+            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': '1',
+            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self.__extract_client_version(ytcfg),
+        }
+        if identity_token:
+            headers['x-youtube-identity-token'] = identity_token
+        if account_syncid:
+            headers['X-Goog-PageId'] = account_syncid
+            headers['X-Goog-AuthUser'] = 0
+        if visitor_data:
+            headers['x-goog-visitor-id'] = visitor_data
+        auth = self._generate_sapisidhash_header()
+        if auth is not None:
+            headers['Authorization'] = auth
+            headers['X-Origin'] = 'https://www.youtube.com'
+        return headers
 
     def _extract_video(self, renderer):
         video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
@@ -342,7 +419,7 @@ def _extract_video(self, renderer):
             (lambda x: x['ownerText']['runs'][0]['text'],
              lambda x: x['shortBylineText']['runs'][0]['text']), compat_str)
         return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            '_type': 'url',
             'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
             'id': video_id,
             'url': video_id,
@@ -362,14 +439,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         r'(?:(?:www|dev)\.)?invidio\.us',
         # Invidious instances taken from https://github.com/iv-org/documentation/blob/master/Invidious-Instances.md
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.pussthecat\.org',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.048596\.xyz',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zee\.li',
-        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.puffyan\.us',
         r'(?:(?:www|au)\.)?ytprivate\.com',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.namazso\.eu',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ethibox\.fr',
-        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.skyn3t\.in',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.himiko\.cloud',
         r'(?:www\.)?w6ijuptxiku4xpnnaetxvnkc5vqcdu7mgns2u77qefoixi63vbvnpnqd\.onion',
         r'(?:www\.)?kbjggqkzv65ivcqj6bumvp337z6264huv5kpkwuv6gu5yjiskvan7fad\.onion',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.3o7z6yfxhbw7n3za4rss6l434kmv55cgw2vuziwuigpwegswvwzqipyd\.onion',
@@ -378,25 +451,32 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         r'(?:(?:www|no)\.)?invidiou\.sh',
         r'(?:(?:www|fi)\.)?invidious\.snopyta\.org',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.kabi\.tk',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.mastodon\.host',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zapashcanon\.fr',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.kavin\.rocks',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tinfoil-hat\.net',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.himiko\.cloud',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.reallyancient\.tech',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tube',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidiou\.site',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.site',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.xyz',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.nixnet\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.048596\.xyz',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.drycat\.fr',
+        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.skyn3t\.in',
         r'(?:www\.)?tube\.poal\.co',
         r'(?:www\.)?tube\.connect\.cafe',
         r'(?:www\.)?vid\.wxzm\.sx',
         r'(?:www\.)?vid\.mint\.lgbt',
+        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.puffyan\.us',
         r'(?:www\.)?yewtu\.be',
         r'(?:www\.)?yt\.elukerio\.org',
         r'(?:www\.)?yt\.lelux\.fi',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ggc-project\.de',
         r'(?:www\.)?yt\.maisputain\.ovh',
+        r'(?:www\.)?ytprivate\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.toot\.koeln',
         r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.fdn\.fr',
         r'(?:www\.)?watch\.nettohikari\.com',
@@ -439,16 +519,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                          |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
                          )
                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
-                     (?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
-                     (?!.*?\blist=
-                        (?:
-                            %(playlist_id)s|                                  # combined list/video URLs are handled by the playlist IE
-                            WL                                                # WL are handled by the watch later IE
-                        )
-                     )
+                     (?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                # here is it! the YouTube video ID
                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
                      $""" % {
-        'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE,
         'invidious': '|'.join(_INVIDIOUS_SITES),
     }
     _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
@@ -933,6 +1006,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             },
             'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
         },
+        {
+            # Video with incomplete 'yt:stretch=16:'
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRhJzUSJbGI',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
         {
             # Video licensed under Creative Commons
             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
@@ -1209,8 +1287,44 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGC3D_FkCmg',
             'only_matching': True,
         },
+        {
+            # restricted location, https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28685
+            'url': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '4K Ueno Okachimachi  Street  Scenes  上野御徒町歩き',
+                'description': 'md5:ea770e474b7cd6722b4c95b833c03630',
+                'upload_date': '20201120',
+                'uploader': 'Walk around Japan',
+                'uploader_id': 'UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
+                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        }, {
+            # Has multiple audio streams
+            'url': 'WaOKSUlf4TM',
+            'only_matching': True
+        },
+        {
+            # multiple subtitles with same lang_code
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsQiKKfKxug',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
     ]
 
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        # Hack for lazy extractors until more generic solution is implemented
+        # (see #28780)
+        from .youtube import parse_qs
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        if qs.get('list', [None])[0]:
+            return False
+        return super(YoutubeIE, cls).suitable(url)
+
     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self._code_cache = {}
@@ -1462,23 +1576,297 @@ def _extract_yt_initial_variable(self, webpage, regex, video_id, name):
             (r'%s\s*%s' % (regex, self._YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE),
              regex), webpage, name, default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse_time_text(time_text):
+        """
+        Parse the comment time text
+        time_text is in the format 'X units ago (edited)'
+        """
+        time_text_split = time_text.split(' ')
+        if len(time_text_split) >= 3:
+            return datetime_from_str('now-%s%s' % (time_text_split[0], time_text_split[1]), precision='auto')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _join_text_entries(runs):
+        text = None
+        for run in runs:
+            if not isinstance(run, dict):
+                continue
+            sub_text = try_get(run, lambda x: x['text'], compat_str)
+            if sub_text:
+                if not text:
+                    text = sub_text
+                    continue
+                text += sub_text
+        return text
+
+    def _extract_comment(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
+        comment_id = comment_renderer.get('commentId')
+        if not comment_id:
+            return
+        comment_text_runs = try_get(comment_renderer, lambda x: x['contentText']['runs']) or []
+        text = self._join_text_entries(comment_text_runs) or ''
+        comment_time_text = try_get(comment_renderer, lambda x: x['publishedTimeText']['runs']) or []
+        time_text = self._join_text_entries(comment_time_text)
+        timestamp = calendar.timegm(self.parse_time_text(time_text).timetuple())
+        author = try_get(comment_renderer, lambda x: x['authorText']['simpleText'], compat_str)
+        author_id = try_get(comment_renderer,
+                            lambda x: x['authorEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], compat_str)
+        votes = str_to_int(try_get(comment_renderer, (lambda x: x['voteCount']['simpleText'],
+                                                      lambda x: x['likeCount']), compat_str)) or 0
+        author_thumbnail = try_get(comment_renderer,
+                                   lambda x: x['authorThumbnail']['thumbnails'][-1]['url'], compat_str)
+
+        author_is_uploader = try_get(comment_renderer, lambda x: x['authorIsChannelOwner'], bool)
+        is_liked = try_get(comment_renderer, lambda x: x['isLiked'], bool)
+        return {
+            'id': comment_id,
+            'text': text,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'time_text': time_text,
+            'like_count': votes,
+            'is_favorited': is_liked,
+            'author': author,
+            'author_id': author_id,
+            'author_thumbnail': author_thumbnail,
+            'author_is_uploader': author_is_uploader,
+            'parent': parent or 'root'
+        }
+
+    def _comment_entries(self, root_continuation_data, identity_token, account_syncid,
+                         ytcfg, session_token_list, parent=None, comment_counts=None):
+
+        def extract_thread(parent_renderer):
+            contents = try_get(parent_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
+            if not parent:
+                comment_counts[2] = 0
+            for content in contents:
+                comment_thread_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['commentThreadRenderer'])
+                comment_renderer = try_get(
+                    comment_thread_renderer, (lambda x: x['comment']['commentRenderer'], dict)) or try_get(
+                    content, (lambda x: x['commentRenderer'], dict))
+
+                if not comment_renderer:
+                    continue
+                comment = self._extract_comment(comment_renderer, parent)
+                if not comment:
+                    continue
+                comment_counts[0] += 1
+                yield comment
+                # Attempt to get the replies
+                comment_replies_renderer = try_get(
+                    comment_thread_renderer, lambda x: x['replies']['commentRepliesRenderer'], dict)
+
+                if comment_replies_renderer:
+                    comment_counts[2] += 1
+                    comment_entries_iter = self._comment_entries(
+                        comment_replies_renderer, identity_token, account_syncid, ytcfg,
+                        parent=comment.get('id'), session_token_list=session_token_list,
+                        comment_counts=comment_counts)
+
+                    for reply_comment in comment_entries_iter:
+                        yield reply_comment
+
+        if not comment_counts:
+            # comment so far, est. total comments, current comment thread #
+            comment_counts = [0, 0, 0]
+
+        # TODO: Generalize the download code with TabIE
+        context = self._extract_context(ytcfg)
+        visitor_data = try_get(context, lambda x: x['client']['visitorData'], compat_str)
+        continuation = YoutubeTabIE._extract_continuation(root_continuation_data)  # TODO
+        first_continuation = False
+        if parent is None:
+            first_continuation = True
+
+        for page_num in itertools.count(0):
+            if not continuation:
+                break
+            headers = self._generate_api_headers(ytcfg, identity_token, account_syncid, visitor_data)
+            retries = self._downloader.params.get('extractor_retries', 3)
+            count = -1
+            last_error = None
+
+            while count < retries:
+                count += 1
+                if last_error:
+                    self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % last_error)
+                try:
+                    query = {
+                        'ctoken': continuation['ctoken'],
+                        'pbj': 1,
+                        'type': 'next',
+                    }
+                    if parent:
+                        query['action_get_comment_replies'] = 1
+                    else:
+                        query['action_get_comments'] = 1
+
+                    comment_prog_str = '(%d/%d)' % (comment_counts[0], comment_counts[1])
+                    if page_num == 0:
+                        if first_continuation:
+                            note_prefix = 'Downloading initial comment continuation page'
+                        else:
+                            note_prefix = '    Downloading comment reply thread %d %s' % (comment_counts[2], comment_prog_str)
+                    else:
+                        note_prefix = '%sDownloading comment%s page %d %s' % (
+                            '       ' if parent else '',
+                            ' replies' if parent else '',
+                            page_num,
+                            comment_prog_str)
+
+                    browse = self._download_json(
+                        'https://www.youtube.com/comment_service_ajax', None,
+                        '%s %s' % (note_prefix, '(retry #%d)' % count if count else ''),
+                        headers=headers, query=query,
+                        data=urlencode_postdata({
+                            'session_token': session_token_list[0]
+                        }))
+                except ExtractorError as e:
+                    if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (500, 503, 404, 413):
+                        if e.cause.code == 413:
+                            self.report_warning('Assumed end of comments (received HTTP Error 413)')
+                            return
+                        # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
+                        # Sometimes a 404 is also recieved. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
+                        last_error = 'HTTP Error %s' % e.cause.code
+                        if e.cause.code == 404:
+                            last_error = last_error + ' (this API is probably deprecated)'
+                        if count < retries:
+                            continue
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    session_token = try_get(browse, lambda x: x['xsrf_token'], compat_str)
+                    if session_token:
+                        session_token_list[0] = session_token
+
+                    response = try_get(browse,
+                                       (lambda x: x['response'],
+                                        lambda x: x[1]['response'])) or {}
+
+                    if response.get('continuationContents'):
+                        break
+
+                    # YouTube sometimes gives reload: now json if something went wrong (e.g. bad auth)
+                    if browse.get('reload'):
+                        raise ExtractorError('Invalid or missing params in continuation request', expected=False)
+
+                    # TODO: not tested, merged from old extractor
+                    err_msg = browse.get('externalErrorMessage')
+                    if err_msg:
+                        raise ExtractorError('YouTube said: %s' % err_msg, expected=False)
+
+                    # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
+                    # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
+                    last_error = 'Incomplete data received'
+                    if count >= retries:
+                        raise ExtractorError(last_error)
+
+            if not response:
+                break
+            visitor_data = try_get(
+                response,
+                lambda x: x['responseContext']['webResponseContextExtensionData']['ytConfigData']['visitorData'],
+                compat_str) or visitor_data
+
+            known_continuation_renderers = {
+                'itemSectionContinuation': extract_thread,
+                'commentRepliesContinuation': extract_thread
+            }
+
+            # extract next root continuation from the results
+            continuation_contents = try_get(
+                response, lambda x: x['continuationContents'], dict) or {}
+
+            for key, value in continuation_contents.items():
+                if key not in known_continuation_renderers:
+                    continue
+                continuation_renderer = value
+
+                if first_continuation:
+                    first_continuation = False
+                    expected_comment_count = try_get(
+                        continuation_renderer,
+                        (lambda x: x['header']['commentsHeaderRenderer']['countText']['runs'][0]['text'],
+                         lambda x: x['header']['commentsHeaderRenderer']['commentsCount']['runs'][0]['text']),
+                        compat_str)
+
+                    if expected_comment_count:
+                        comment_counts[1] = str_to_int(expected_comment_count)
+                        self.to_screen('Downloading ~%d comments' % str_to_int(expected_comment_count))
+                        yield comment_counts[1]
+
+                    # TODO: cli arg.
+                    # 1/True for newest, 0/False for popular (default)
+                    comment_sort_index = int(True)
+                    sort_continuation_renderer = try_get(
+                        continuation_renderer,
+                        lambda x: x['header']['commentsHeaderRenderer']['sortMenu']['sortFilterSubMenuRenderer']['subMenuItems']
+                        [comment_sort_index]['continuation']['reloadContinuationData'], dict)
+                    # If this fails, the initial continuation page
+                    # starts off with popular anyways.
+                    if sort_continuation_renderer:
+                        continuation = YoutubeTabIE._build_continuation_query(
+                            continuation=sort_continuation_renderer.get('continuation'),
+                            ctp=sort_continuation_renderer.get('clickTrackingParams'))
+                        self.to_screen('Sorting comments by %s' % ('popular' if comment_sort_index == 0 else 'newest'))
+                        break
+
+                for entry in known_continuation_renderers[key](continuation_renderer):
+                    yield entry
+
+                continuation = YoutubeTabIE._extract_continuation(continuation_renderer)  # TODO
+                break
+
+    def _extract_comments(self, ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage, xsrf_token):
+        """Entry for comment extraction"""
+        comments = []
+        known_entry_comment_renderers = (
+            'itemSectionRenderer',
+        )
+        estimated_total = 0
+        for entry in contents:
+            for key, renderer in entry.items():
+                if key not in known_entry_comment_renderers:
+                    continue
+
+                comment_iter = self._comment_entries(
+                    renderer,
+                    identity_token=self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id=video_id),
+                    account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg),
+                    ytcfg=ytcfg,
+                    session_token_list=[xsrf_token])
+
+                for comment in comment_iter:
+                    if isinstance(comment, int):
+                        estimated_total = comment
+                        continue
+                    comments.append(comment)
+                break
+        self.to_screen('Downloaded %d/%d comments' % (len(comments), estimated_total))
+        return {
+            'comments': comments,
+            'comment_count': len(comments),
+        }
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         base_url = self.http_scheme() + '//www.youtube.com/'
         webpage_url = base_url + 'watch?v=' + video_id
         webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            webpage_url + '&has_verified=1&bpctr=9999999999',
-            video_id, fatal=False)
+            webpage_url + '&bpctr=9999999999&has_verified=1', video_id, fatal=False)
 
         player_response = None
         if webpage:
             player_response = self._extract_yt_initial_variable(
                 webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE,
                 video_id, 'initial player response')
+
+        ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage)
         if not player_response:
             player_response = self._call_api(
-                'player', {'videoId': video_id}, video_id)
+                'player', {'videoId': video_id}, video_id, api_key=self._extract_api_key(ytcfg))
 
         playability_status = player_response.get('playabilityStatus') or {}
         if playability_status.get('reason') == 'Sign in to confirm your age':
@@ -1506,7 +1894,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         def get_text(x):
             if not x:
                 return
-            return x.get('simpleText') or ''.join([r['text'] for r in x['runs']])
+            text = x.get('simpleText')
+            if text and isinstance(text, compat_str):
+                return text
+            runs = x.get('runs')
+            if not isinstance(runs, list):
+                return
+            return ''.join([r['text'] for r in runs if isinstance(r.get('text'), compat_str)])
 
         search_meta = (
             lambda x: self._html_search_meta(x, webpage, default=None)) \
@@ -1611,17 +2005,19 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                 itags.append(itag)
             tbr = float_or_none(
                 fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)
+            audio_track = fmt.get('audioTrack') or {}
             dct = {
                 'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
                 'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
                 'format_id': itag,
-                'format_note': fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality,
+                'format_note': audio_track.get('displayName') or fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality,
                 'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')),
                 'height': int_or_none(fmt.get('height')),
                 'quality': q(quality),
                 'tbr': tbr,
                 'url': fmt_url,
                 'width': fmt.get('width'),
+                'language': audio_track.get('id', '').split('.')[0],
             }
             mimetype = fmt.get('mimeType')
             if mimetype:
@@ -1655,7 +2051,7 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                     f['format_id'] = itag
                 formats.append(f)
 
-        if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest'):
+        if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
             dash_manifest_url = streaming_data.get('dashManifestUrl')
             if dash_manifest_url:
                 for f in self._extract_mpd_formats(
@@ -1677,7 +2073,7 @@ def feed_entry(name):
 
         if not formats:
             if not self._downloader.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats') and streaming_data.get('licenseInfos'):
-                raise ExtractorError(
+                self.raise_no_formats(
                     'This video is DRM protected.', expected=True)
             pemr = try_get(
                 playability_status,
@@ -1692,11 +2088,10 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                     if not countries:
                         regions_allowed = search_meta('regionsAllowed')
                         countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
-                    self.raise_geo_restricted(
-                        subreason, countries)
+                    self.raise_geo_restricted(subreason, countries, metadata_available=True)
                 reason += '\n' + subreason
             if reason:
-                raise ExtractorError(reason, expected=True)
+                self.raise_no_formats(reason, expected=True)
 
         self._sort_formats(formats)
 
@@ -1707,13 +2102,16 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                 for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), webpage)]
         for keyword in keywords:
             if keyword.startswith('yt:stretch='):
-                w, h = keyword.split('=')[1].split(':')
-                w, h = int(w), int(h)
-                if w > 0 and h > 0:
-                    ratio = w / h
-                    for f in formats:
-                        if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
-                            f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
+                mobj = re.search(r'(\d+)\s*:\s*(\d+)', keyword)
+                if mobj:
+                    # NB: float is intentional for forcing float division
+                    w, h = (float(v) for v in mobj.groups())
+                    if w > 0 and h > 0:
+                        ratio = w / h
+                        for f in formats:
+                            if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
+                                f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
+                        break
 
         thumbnails = []
         for container in (video_details, microformat):
@@ -1723,6 +2121,11 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                 thumbnail_url = thumbnail.get('url')
                 if not thumbnail_url:
                     continue
+                # Sometimes youtube gives a wrong thumbnail URL. See:
+                # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/233
+                # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28023
+                if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url:
+                    thumbnail_url = thumbnail_url.split('?')[0]
                 thumbnails.append({
                     'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
                     'url': thumbnail_url,
@@ -1775,7 +2178,7 @@ def feed_entry(name):
             'tags': keywords,
             'is_live': is_live,
             'playable_in_embed': playability_status.get('playableInEmbed'),
-            'was_live': video_details.get('isLiveContent')
+            'was_live': video_details.get('isLiveContent'),
         }
 
         pctr = try_get(
@@ -1784,7 +2187,7 @@ def feed_entry(name):
         subtitles = {}
         if pctr:
             def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, query):
-                lang_subs = []
+                lang_subs = container.setdefault(lang_code, [])
                 for fmt in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
                     query.update({
                         'fmt': fmt,
@@ -1793,14 +2196,15 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, query):
                         'ext': fmt,
                         'url': update_url_query(base_url, query),
                     })
-                container[lang_code] = lang_subs
 
             for caption_track in (pctr.get('captionTracks') or []):
                 base_url = caption_track.get('baseUrl')
                 if not base_url:
                     continue
                 if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
-                    lang_code = caption_track.get('languageCode')
+                    lang_code = (
+                        remove_start(caption_track.get('vssId') or '', '.').replace('.', '-')
+                        or caption_track.get('languageCode'))
                     if not lang_code:
                         continue
                     process_language(
@@ -1851,13 +2255,14 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, query):
                 'yt initial data')
         if not initial_data:
             initial_data = self._call_api(
-                'next', {'videoId': video_id}, video_id, fatal=False)
+                'next', {'videoId': video_id}, video_id, fatal=False, api_key=self._extract_api_key(ytcfg))
 
         if not is_live:
             try:
                 # This will error if there is no livechat
                 initial_data['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['conversationBar']['liveChatRenderer']['continuations'][0]['reloadContinuationData']['continuation']
                 info['subtitles']['live_chat'] = [{
+                    'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,  # url is needed to set cookies
                     'video_id': video_id,
                     'ext': 'json',
                     'protocol': 'youtube_live_chat_replay',
@@ -1951,7 +2356,7 @@ def chapter_time(mmlir):
                     info['channel'] = get_text(try_get(
                         vsir,
                         lambda x: x['owner']['videoOwnerRenderer']['title'],
-                        compat_str))
+                        dict))
                     rows = try_get(
                         vsir,
                         lambda x: x['metadataRowContainer']['metadataRowContainerRenderer']['rows'],
@@ -1992,6 +2397,35 @@ def chapter_time(mmlir):
             if v:
                 info[d_k] = v
 
+        is_private = bool_or_none(video_details.get('isPrivate'))
+        is_unlisted = bool_or_none(microformat.get('isUnlisted'))
+        is_membersonly = None
+        is_premium = None
+        if initial_data and is_private is not None:
+            is_membersonly = False
+            is_premium = False
+            contents = try_get(initial_data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['results']['results']['contents'], list)
+            for content in contents or []:
+                badges = try_get(content, lambda x: x['videoPrimaryInfoRenderer']['badges'], list)
+                for badge in badges or []:
+                    label = try_get(badge, lambda x: x['metadataBadgeRenderer']['label']) or ''
+                    if label.lower() == 'members only':
+                        is_membersonly = True
+                        break
+                    elif label.lower() == 'premium':
+                        is_premium = True
+                        break
+                if is_membersonly or is_premium:
+                    break
+
+        # TODO: Add this for playlists
+        info['availability'] = self._availability(
+            is_private=is_private,
+            needs_premium=is_premium,
+            needs_subscription=is_membersonly,
+            needs_auth=info['age_limit'] >= 18,
+            is_unlisted=None if is_private is None else is_unlisted)
+
         # get xsrf for annotations or comments
         get_annotations = self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False)
         get_comments = self._downloader.params.get('getcomments', False)
@@ -2024,156 +2458,8 @@ def chapter_time(mmlir):
                     errnote='Unable to download video annotations', fatal=False,
                     data=urlencode_postdata({xsrf_field_name: xsrf_token}))
 
-        # Get comments
-        # TODO: Refactor and move to seperate function
-        def extract_comments():
-            expected_video_comment_count = 0
-            video_comments = []
-            comment_xsrf = xsrf_token
-
-            def find_value(html, key, num_chars=2, separator='"'):
-                pos_begin = html.find(key) + len(key) + num_chars
-                pos_end = html.find(separator, pos_begin)
-                return html[pos_begin: pos_end]
-
-            def search_dict(partial, key):
-                if isinstance(partial, dict):
-                    for k, v in partial.items():
-                        if k == key:
-                            yield v
-                        else:
-                            for o in search_dict(v, key):
-                                yield o
-                elif isinstance(partial, list):
-                    for i in partial:
-                        for o in search_dict(i, key):
-                            yield o
-
-            continuations = []
-            if initial_data:
-                try:
-                    ncd = next(search_dict(initial_data, 'nextContinuationData'))
-                    continuations = [ncd['continuation']]
-                # Handle videos where comments have been disabled entirely
-                except StopIteration:
-                    pass
-
-            def get_continuation(continuation, session_token, replies=False):
-                query = {
-                    'pbj': 1,
-                    'ctoken': continuation,
-                }
-                if replies:
-                    query['action_get_comment_replies'] = 1
-                else:
-                    query['action_get_comments'] = 1
-
-                while True:
-                    content, handle = self._download_webpage_handle(
-                        'https://www.youtube.com/comment_service_ajax',
-                        video_id,
-                        note=False,
-                        expected_status=[413],
-                        data=urlencode_postdata({
-                            'session_token': session_token
-                        }),
-                        query=query,
-                        headers={
-                            'Accept': '*/*',
-                            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:76.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/76.0',
-                            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': '1',
-                            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': '2.20201202.06.01'
-                        }
-                    )
-
-                    response_code = handle.getcode()
-                    if (response_code == 200):
-                        return self._parse_json(content, video_id)
-                    if (response_code == 413):
-                        return None
-                    raise ExtractorError('Unexpected HTTP error code: %s' % response_code)
-
-            first_continuation = True
-            chain_msg = ''
-            self.to_screen('Downloading comments')
-            while continuations:
-                continuation = continuations.pop()
-                comment_response = get_continuation(continuation, comment_xsrf)
-                if not comment_response:
-                    continue
-                if list(search_dict(comment_response, 'externalErrorMessage')):
-                    raise ExtractorError('Error returned from server: ' + next(search_dict(comment_response, 'externalErrorMessage')))
-
-                if 'continuationContents' not in comment_response['response']:
-                    # Something is wrong here. Youtube won't accept this continuation token for some reason and responds with a user satisfaction dialog (error?)
-                    continue
-                # not sure if this actually helps
-                if 'xsrf_token' in comment_response:
-                    comment_xsrf = comment_response['xsrf_token']
-
-                item_section = comment_response['response']['continuationContents']['itemSectionContinuation']
-                if first_continuation:
-                    expected_video_comment_count = int(item_section['header']['commentsHeaderRenderer']['countText']['runs'][0]['text'].replace(' Comments', '').replace('1 Comment', '1').replace(',', ''))
-                    first_continuation = False
-                if 'contents' not in item_section:
-                    # continuation returned no comments?
-                    # set an empty array as to not break the for loop
-                    item_section['contents'] = []
-
-                for meta_comment in item_section['contents']:
-                    comment = meta_comment['commentThreadRenderer']['comment']['commentRenderer']
-                    video_comments.append({
-                        'id': comment['commentId'],
-                        'text': ''.join([c['text'] for c in try_get(comment, lambda x: x['contentText']['runs'], list) or []]),
-                        'time_text': ''.join([c['text'] for c in comment['publishedTimeText']['runs']]),
-                        'author': comment.get('authorText', {}).get('simpleText', ''),
-                        'votes': comment.get('voteCount', {}).get('simpleText', '0'),
-                        'author_thumbnail': comment['authorThumbnail']['thumbnails'][-1]['url'],
-                        'parent': 'root'
-                    })
-                    if 'replies' not in meta_comment['commentThreadRenderer']:
-                        continue
-
-                    reply_continuations = [rcn['nextContinuationData']['continuation'] for rcn in meta_comment['commentThreadRenderer']['replies']['commentRepliesRenderer']['continuations']]
-                    while reply_continuations:
-                        time.sleep(1)
-                        continuation = reply_continuations.pop()
-                        replies_data = get_continuation(continuation, comment_xsrf, True)
-                        if not replies_data or 'continuationContents' not in replies_data[1]['response']:
-                            continue
-
-                        if self._downloader.params.get('verbose', False):
-                            chain_msg = ' (chain %s)' % comment['commentId']
-                        self.to_screen('Comments downloaded: %d of ~%d%s' % (len(video_comments), expected_video_comment_count, chain_msg))
-                        reply_comment_meta = replies_data[1]['response']['continuationContents']['commentRepliesContinuation']
-                        for reply_meta in reply_comment_meta.get('contents', {}):
-                            reply_comment = reply_meta['commentRenderer']
-                            video_comments.append({
-                                'id': reply_comment['commentId'],
-                                'text': ''.join([c['text'] for c in reply_comment['contentText']['runs']]),
-                                'time_text': ''.join([c['text'] for c in reply_comment['publishedTimeText']['runs']]),
-                                'author': reply_comment.get('authorText', {}).get('simpleText', ''),
-                                'votes': reply_comment.get('voteCount', {}).get('simpleText', '0'),
-                                'author_thumbnail': reply_comment['authorThumbnail']['thumbnails'][-1]['url'],
-                                'parent': comment['commentId']
-                            })
-                        if 'continuations' not in reply_comment_meta or len(reply_comment_meta['continuations']) == 0:
-                            continue
-                        reply_continuations += [rcn['nextContinuationData']['continuation'] for rcn in reply_comment_meta['continuations']]
-
-                self.to_screen('Comments downloaded: %d of ~%d' % (len(video_comments), expected_video_comment_count))
-                if 'continuations' in item_section:
-                    continuations += [ncd['nextContinuationData']['continuation'] for ncd in item_section['continuations']]
-                time.sleep(1)
-
-            self.to_screen('Total comments downloaded: %d of ~%d' % (len(video_comments), expected_video_comment_count))
-            return {
-                'comments': video_comments,
-                'comment_count': expected_video_comment_count
-            }
-
         if get_comments:
-            info['__post_extractor'] = extract_comments
+            info['__post_extractor'] = lambda: self._extract_comments(ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage, xsrf_token)
 
         self.mark_watched(video_id, player_response)
 
@@ -2223,6 +2509,15 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
             'uploader': 'Игорь Клейнер',
         },
+    }, {
+        # playlists, series
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=3',
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Playlists',
+            'description': 'md5:e1384e8a133307dd10edee76e875d62f',
+        },
     }, {
         # playlists, singlepage
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
@@ -2367,6 +2662,29 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': 'UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 21,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Playlist with "show unavailable videos" button',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Uploads from Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
+            'id': 'UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+            'uploader': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
+            'uploader_id': 'UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1400,
+        'expected_warnings': [
+            'YouTube said: INFO - Unavailable videos are hidden',
+        ]
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Playlist with unavailable videos in a later page',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Uploads from BlankTV',
+            'id': 'UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
+            'uploader': 'BlankTV',
+            'uploader_id': 'UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 20000,
     }, {
         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/21844
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
@@ -2499,6 +2817,16 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/hashtag/cctv9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'cctv9',
+            'title': '#cctv9',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 350,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLW4dVinRY435CBE_JD3t-0SRXKfnZHS1P&feature=youtu.be&v=M9cJMXmQ_ZU',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     @classmethod
@@ -2522,14 +2850,16 @@ def _extract_channel_id(self, webpage):
     @staticmethod
     def _extract_basic_item_renderer(item):
         # Modified from _extract_grid_item_renderer
-        known_renderers = (
-            'playlistRenderer', 'videoRenderer', 'channelRenderer'
-            'gridPlaylistRenderer', 'gridVideoRenderer', 'gridChannelRenderer'
+        known_basic_renderers = (
+            'playlistRenderer', 'videoRenderer', 'channelRenderer', 'showRenderer'
         )
         for key, renderer in item.items():
-            if key not in known_renderers:
+            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                 continue
-            return renderer
+            elif key in known_basic_renderers:
+                return renderer
+            elif key.startswith('grid') and key.endswith('Renderer'):
+                return renderer
 
     def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
         for item in grid_renderer['items']:
@@ -2539,7 +2869,8 @@ def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
             if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                 continue
             title = try_get(
-                renderer, lambda x: x['title']['runs'][0]['text'], compat_str)
+                renderer, (lambda x: x['title']['runs'][0]['text'],
+                           lambda x: x['title']['simpleText']), compat_str)
             # playlist
             playlist_id = renderer.get('playlistId')
             if playlist_id:
@@ -2547,10 +2878,12 @@ def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
                     'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id,
                     ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
                     video_title=title)
+                continue
             # video
             video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
             if video_id:
                 yield self._extract_video(renderer)
+                continue
             # channel
             channel_id = renderer.get('channelId')
             if channel_id:
@@ -2559,6 +2892,17 @@ def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
                 yield self.url_result(
                     'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % channel_id,
                     ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_title=title)
+                continue
+            # generic endpoint URL support
+            ep_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', try_get(
+                renderer, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
+                compat_str))
+            if ep_url:
+                for ie in (YoutubeTabIE, YoutubePlaylistIE, YoutubeIE):
+                    if ie.suitable(ep_url):
+                        yield self.url_result(
+                            ep_url, ie=ie.ie_key(), video_id=ie._match_id(ep_url), video_title=title)
+                        break
 
     def _shelf_entries_from_content(self, shelf_renderer):
         content = shelf_renderer.get('content')
@@ -2626,12 +2970,19 @@ def _post_thread_entries(self, post_thread_renderer):
             return
         # video attachment
         video_renderer = try_get(
-            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['videoRenderer'], dict)
-        video_id = None
-        if video_renderer:
-            entry = self._video_entry(video_renderer)
+            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['videoRenderer'], dict) or {}
+        video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
+        if video_id:
+            entry = self._extract_video(video_renderer)
             if entry:
                 yield entry
+        # playlist attachment
+        playlist_id = try_get(
+            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['playlistRenderer']['playlistId'], compat_str)
+        if playlist_id:
+            yield self.url_result(
+                'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id,
+                ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
         # inline video links
         runs = try_get(post_renderer, lambda x: x['contentText']['runs'], list) or []
         for run in runs:
@@ -2646,7 +2997,7 @@ def _post_thread_entries(self, post_thread_renderer):
             ep_video_id = YoutubeIE._match_id(ep_url)
             if video_id == ep_video_id:
                 continue
-            yield self.url_result(ep_url, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
+            yield self.url_result(ep_url, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=ep_video_id)
 
     def _post_thread_continuation_entries(self, post_thread_continuation):
         contents = post_thread_continuation.get('contents')
@@ -2659,6 +3010,16 @@ def _post_thread_continuation_entries(self, post_thread_continuation):
             for entry in self._post_thread_entries(renderer):
                 yield entry
 
+    r''' # unused
+    def _rich_grid_entries(self, contents):
+        for content in contents:
+            video_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['richItemRenderer']['content']['videoRenderer'], dict)
+            if video_renderer:
+                entry = self._video_entry(video_renderer)
+                if entry:
+                    yield entry
+    '''
+
     @staticmethod
     def _build_continuation_query(continuation, ctp=None):
         query = {
@@ -2704,7 +3065,7 @@ def _extract_continuation(cls, renderer):
             ctp = continuation_ep.get('clickTrackingParams')
             return YoutubeTabIE._build_continuation_query(continuation, ctp)
 
-    def _entries(self, tab, identity_token, item_id):
+    def _entries(self, tab, item_id, identity_token, account_syncid, ytcfg):
 
         def extract_entries(parent_renderer):  # this needs to called again for continuation to work with feeds
             contents = try_get(parent_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
@@ -2756,56 +3117,26 @@ def extract_entries(parent_renderer):  # this needs to called again for continua
         for entry in extract_entries(parent_renderer):
             yield entry
         continuation = continuation_list[0]
-
-        headers = {
-            'x-youtube-client-name': '1',
-            'x-youtube-client-version': '2.20201112.04.01',
-        }
-        if identity_token:
-            headers['x-youtube-identity-token'] = identity_token
+        context = self._extract_context(ytcfg)
+        visitor_data = try_get(context, lambda x: x['client']['visitorData'], compat_str)
 
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
             if not continuation:
                 break
-            retries = self._downloader.params.get('extractor_retries', 3)
-            count = -1
-            last_error = None
-            while count < retries:
-                count += 1
-                if last_error:
-                    self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % last_error)
-                try:
-                    response = self._call_api(
-                        ep="browse", fatal=True, headers=headers,
-                        video_id='%s page %s' % (item_id, page_num),
-                        query={
-                            'continuation': continuation['continuation'],
-                            'clickTracking': {'clickTrackingParams': continuation['itct']},
-                        },
-                        note='Downloading API JSON%s' % (' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''))
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (500, 503, 404):
-                        # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
-                        # Sometimes a 404 is also recieved. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
-                        last_error = 'HTTP Error %s' % e.cause.code
-                        if count < retries:
-                            continue
-                    raise
-                else:
-                    # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
-                    # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
-                    if response.get('continuationContents') or response.get('onResponseReceivedActions'):
-                        break
-
-                    # Youtube may send alerts if there was an issue with the continuation page
-                    self._extract_alerts(response, expected=False)
-
-                    last_error = 'Incomplete data received'
-                    if count >= retries:
-                        self._downloader.report_error(last_error)
+            query = {
+                'continuation': continuation['continuation'],
+                'clickTracking': {'clickTrackingParams': continuation['itct']}
+            }
+            headers = self._generate_api_headers(ytcfg, identity_token, account_syncid, visitor_data)
+            response = self._extract_response(
+                item_id='%s page %s' % (item_id, page_num),
+                query=query, headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
+                check_get_keys=('continuationContents', 'onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'))
 
             if not response:
                 break
+            visitor_data = try_get(
+                response, lambda x: x['responseContext']['visitorData'], compat_str) or visitor_data
 
             known_continuation_renderers = {
                 'playlistVideoListContinuation': self._playlist_entries,
@@ -2834,9 +3165,11 @@ def extract_entries(parent_renderer):  # this needs to called again for continua
                 'playlistVideoRenderer': (self._playlist_entries, 'contents'),
                 'itemSectionRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for feeds
                 'richItemRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for hashtag
+                'backstagePostThreadRenderer': (self._post_thread_continuation_entries, 'contents')
             }
+            on_response_received = dict_get(response, ('onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'))
             continuation_items = try_get(
-                response, lambda x: x['onResponseReceivedActions'][0]['appendContinuationItemsAction']['continuationItems'], list)
+                on_response_received, lambda x: x[0]['appendContinuationItemsAction']['continuationItems'], list)
             continuation_item = try_get(continuation_items, lambda x: x[0], dict) or {}
             video_items_renderer = None
             for key, value in continuation_item.items():
@@ -2883,7 +3216,7 @@ def _extract_uploader(data):
                         try_get(owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['canonicalBaseUrl'], compat_str))
         return {k: v for k, v in uploader.items() if v is not None}
 
-    def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, webpage, data, tabs, identity_token):
+    def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, webpage, data, tabs):
         playlist_id = title = description = channel_url = channel_name = channel_id = None
         thumbnails_list = tags = []
 
@@ -2894,10 +3227,10 @@ def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, webpage, data, tabs, identity_token):
             channel_name = renderer.get('title')
             channel_url = renderer.get('channelUrl')
             channel_id = renderer.get('externalId')
-
-        if not renderer:
+        else:
             renderer = try_get(
                 data, lambda x: x['metadata']['playlistMetadataRenderer'], dict)
+
         if renderer:
             title = renderer.get('title')
             description = renderer.get('description', '')
@@ -2923,11 +3256,12 @@ def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, webpage, data, tabs, identity_token):
                 'width': int_or_none(t.get('width')),
                 'height': int_or_none(t.get('height')),
             })
-
         if playlist_id is None:
             playlist_id = item_id
         if title is None:
-            title = playlist_id
+            title = (
+                try_get(data, lambda x: x['header']['hashtagHeaderRenderer']['hashtag']['simpleText'])
+                or playlist_id)
         title += format_field(selected_tab, 'title', ' - %s')
 
         metadata = {
@@ -2947,28 +3281,53 @@ def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, webpage, data, tabs, identity_token):
             'channel_id': metadata['uploader_id'],
             'channel_url': metadata['uploader_url']})
         return self.playlist_result(
-            self._entries(selected_tab, identity_token, playlist_id),
+            self._entries(
+                selected_tab, playlist_id,
+                self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id),
+                self._extract_account_syncid(data),
+                self._extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)),
             **metadata)
 
-    def _extract_mix_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id):
-        page_num = 0
-        while True:
+    def _extract_mix_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, webpage):
+        first_id = last_id = None
+        ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(playlist_id, webpage)
+        headers = self._generate_api_headers(
+            ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(data),
+            identity_token=self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id=playlist_id),
+            visitor_data=try_get(self._extract_context(ytcfg), lambda x: x['client']['visitorData'], compat_str))
+        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
             videos = list(self._playlist_entries(playlist))
             if not videos:
                 return
-            video_count = len(videos)
-            start = min(video_count - 24, 26) if video_count > 25 else 0
-            for item in videos[start:]:
-                yield item
-
-            page_num += 1
-            _, data = self._extract_webpage(
-                'https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=%s&v=%s' % (playlist_id, videos[-1]['id']),
-                '%s page %d' % (playlist_id, page_num))
+            start = next((i for i, v in enumerate(videos) if v['id'] == last_id), -1) + 1
+            if start >= len(videos):
+                return
+            for video in videos[start:]:
+                if video['id'] == first_id:
+                    self.to_screen('First video %s found again; Assuming end of Mix' % first_id)
+                    return
+                yield video
+            first_id = first_id or videos[0]['id']
+            last_id = videos[-1]['id']
+            watch_endpoint = try_get(
+                playlist, lambda x: x['contents'][-1]['playlistPanelVideoRenderer']['navigationEndpoint']['watchEndpoint'])
+            query = {
+                'playlistId': playlist_id,
+                'videoId': watch_endpoint.get('videoId') or last_id,
+                'index': watch_endpoint.get('index') or len(videos),
+                'params': watch_endpoint.get('params') or 'OAE%3D'
+            }
+            response = self._extract_response(
+                item_id='%s page %d' % (playlist_id, page_num),
+                query=query,
+                ep='next',
+                headers=headers,
+                check_get_keys='contents'
+            )
             playlist = try_get(
-                data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)
+                response, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)
 
-    def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist):
+    def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist, webpage):
         title = playlist.get('title') or try_get(
             data, lambda x: x['titleText']['simpleText'], compat_str)
         playlist_id = playlist.get('playlistId') or item_id
@@ -2983,7 +3342,7 @@ def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist):
                 video_title=title)
 
         return self.playlist_result(
-            self._extract_mix_playlist(playlist, playlist_id),
+            self._extract_mix_playlist(playlist, playlist_id, data, webpage),
             playlist_id=playlist_id, playlist_title=title)
 
     def _extract_alerts(self, data, expected=False):
@@ -2996,35 +3355,118 @@ def _real_extract_alerts():
                     alert_type = alert.get('type')
                     if not alert_type:
                         continue
-                    message = try_get(alert, lambda x: x['text']['simpleText'], compat_str)
+                    message = try_get(alert, lambda x: x['text']['simpleText'], compat_str) or ''
                     if message:
                         yield alert_type, message
                     for run in try_get(alert, lambda x: x['text']['runs'], list) or []:
-                        message = try_get(run, lambda x: x['text'], compat_str)
-                        if message:
-                            yield alert_type, message
+                        message += try_get(run, lambda x: x['text'], compat_str)
+                    if message:
+                        yield alert_type, message
 
-        err_msg = None
+        errors = []
+        warnings = []
         for alert_type, alert_message in _real_extract_alerts():
             if alert_type.lower() == 'error':
-                if err_msg:
-                    self._downloader.report_warning('YouTube said: %s - %s' % ('ERROR', err_msg))
-                err_msg = alert_message
+                errors.append([alert_type, alert_message])
             else:
-                self._downloader.report_warning('YouTube said: %s - %s' % (alert_type, alert_message))
+                warnings.append([alert_type, alert_message])
 
-        if err_msg:
-            raise ExtractorError('YouTube said: %s' % err_msg, expected=expected)
+        for alert_type, alert_message in (warnings + errors[:-1]):
+            self.report_warning('YouTube said: %s - %s' % (alert_type, alert_message))
+        if errors:
+            raise ExtractorError('YouTube said: %s' % errors[-1][1], expected=expected)
 
-    def _extract_identity_token(self, webpage, item_id):
-        ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
-        if ytcfg:
-            token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['ID_TOKEN'], compat_str)
-            if token:
-                return token
-        return self._search_regex(
-            r'\bID_TOKEN["\']\s*:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage,
-            'identity token', default=None)
+    def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, webpage):
+        """
+        Get playlist with unavailable videos if the 'show unavailable videos' button exists.
+        """
+        sidebar_renderer = try_get(
+            data, lambda x: x['sidebar']['playlistSidebarRenderer']['items'], list)
+        if not sidebar_renderer:
+            return
+        browse_id = params = None
+        for item in sidebar_renderer:
+            if not isinstance(item, dict):
+                continue
+            renderer = item.get('playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer')
+            menu_renderer = try_get(
+                renderer, lambda x: x['menu']['menuRenderer']['items'], list) or []
+            for menu_item in menu_renderer:
+                if not isinstance(menu_item, dict):
+                    continue
+                nav_item_renderer = menu_item.get('menuNavigationItemRenderer')
+                text = try_get(
+                    nav_item_renderer, lambda x: x['text']['simpleText'], compat_str)
+                if not text or text.lower() != 'show unavailable videos':
+                    continue
+                browse_endpoint = try_get(
+                    nav_item_renderer, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint'], dict) or {}
+                browse_id = browse_endpoint.get('browseId')
+                params = browse_endpoint.get('params')
+                break
+
+            ytcfg = self._extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
+            headers = self._generate_api_headers(
+                ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg),
+                identity_token=self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id=item_id),
+                visitor_data=try_get(
+                    self._extract_context(ytcfg), lambda x: x['client']['visitorData'], compat_str))
+            query = {
+                'params': params or 'wgYCCAA=',
+                'browseId': browse_id or 'VL%s' % item_id
+            }
+            return self._extract_response(
+                item_id=item_id, headers=headers, query=query,
+                check_get_keys='contents', fatal=False,
+                note='Downloading API JSON with unavailable videos')
+
+    def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers=None,
+                          ytcfg=None, check_get_keys=None, ep='browse', fatal=True):
+        response = None
+        last_error = None
+        count = -1
+        retries = self._downloader.params.get('extractor_retries', 3)
+        if check_get_keys is None:
+            check_get_keys = []
+        while count < retries:
+            count += 1
+            if last_error:
+                self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % last_error)
+            try:
+                response = self._call_api(
+                    ep=ep, fatal=True, headers=headers,
+                    video_id=item_id, query=query,
+                    context=self._extract_context(ytcfg),
+                    api_key=self._extract_api_key(ytcfg),
+                    note='%s%s' % (note, ' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''))
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (500, 503, 404):
+                    # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
+                    # Sometimes a 404 is also recieved. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
+                    last_error = 'HTTP Error %s' % e.cause.code
+                    if count < retries:
+                        continue
+                if fatal:
+                    raise
+                else:
+                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
+                    return
+
+            else:
+                # Youtube may send alerts if there was an issue with the continuation page
+                self._extract_alerts(response, expected=False)
+                if not check_get_keys or dict_get(response, check_get_keys):
+                    break
+                # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
+                # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
+                last_error = 'Incomplete data received'
+                if count >= retries:
+                    if fatal:
+                        raise ExtractorError(last_error)
+                    else:
+                        self.report_warning(last_error)
+                        return
+        return response
 
     def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id):
         retries = self._downloader.params.get('extractor_retries', 3)
@@ -3044,25 +3486,26 @@ def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id):
             if data.get('contents') or data.get('currentVideoEndpoint'):
                 break
             if count >= retries:
-                self._downloader.report_error(last_error)
+                raise ExtractorError(last_error)
         return webpage, data
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         item_id = self._match_id(url)
         url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
             compat_urlparse.urlparse(url)._replace(netloc='www.youtube.com'))
+        compat_opts = self._downloader.params.get('compat_opts', [])
 
         # This is not matched in a channel page with a tab selected
         mobj = re.match(r'(?P<pre>%s)(?P<post>/?(?![^#?]).*$)' % self._VALID_URL, url)
         mobj = mobj.groupdict() if mobj else {}
-        if mobj and not mobj.get('not_channel'):
-            self._downloader.report_warning(
+        if mobj and not mobj.get('not_channel') and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
+            self.report_warning(
                 'A channel/user page was given. All the channel\'s videos will be downloaded. '
                 'To download only the videos in the home page, add a "/featured" to the URL')
             url = '%s/videos%s' % (mobj.get('pre'), mobj.get('post') or '')
 
         # Handle both video/playlist URLs
-        qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
         video_id = qs.get('v', [None])[0]
         playlist_id = qs.get('list', [None])[0]
 
@@ -3071,7 +3514,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 # If there is neither video or playlist ids,
                 # youtube redirects to home page, which is undesirable
                 raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')
-            self._downloader.report_warning('A video URL was given without video ID. Trying to download playlist %s' % playlist_id)
+            self.report_warning('A video URL was given without video ID. Trying to download playlist %s' % playlist_id)
             url = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id
 
         if video_id and playlist_id:
@@ -3082,22 +3525,25 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         webpage, data = self._extract_webpage(url, item_id)
 
+        # YouTube sometimes provides a button to reload playlist with unavailable videos.
+        if 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos' not in compat_opts:
+            data = self._reload_with_unavailable_videos(item_id, data, webpage) or data
+
         tabs = try_get(
             data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer']['tabs'], list)
         if tabs:
-            identity_token = self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id)
-            return self._extract_from_tabs(item_id, webpage, data, tabs, identity_token)
+            return self._extract_from_tabs(item_id, webpage, data, tabs)
 
         playlist = try_get(
             data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)
         if playlist:
-            return self._extract_from_playlist(item_id, url, data, playlist)
+            return self._extract_from_playlist(item_id, url, data, playlist, webpage)
 
         video_id = try_get(
             data, lambda x: x['currentVideoEndpoint']['watchEndpoint']['videoId'],
             compat_str) or video_id
         if video_id:
-            self._downloader.report_warning('Unable to recognize playlist. Downloading just video %s' % video_id)
+            self.report_warning('Unable to recognize playlist. Downloading just video %s' % video_id)
             return self.url_result(video_id, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
 
         raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')
@@ -3166,12 +3612,19 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     @classmethod
     def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if YoutubeTabIE.suitable(url) else super(
-            YoutubePlaylistIE, cls).suitable(url)
+        if YoutubeTabIE.suitable(url):
+            return False
+        # Hack for lazy extractors until more generic solution is implemented
+        # (see #28780)
+        from .youtube import parse_qs
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        if qs.get('v', [None])[0]:
+            return False
+        return super(YoutubePlaylistIE, cls).suitable(url)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
-        qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
         if not qs:
             qs = {'list': playlist_id}
         return self.url_result(
@@ -3253,7 +3706,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
 
 
-class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubeTabIE):
     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, "ytsearch" keyword'
     # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
     # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
@@ -3269,9 +3722,10 @@ def _entries(self, query, n):
             data['params'] = self._SEARCH_PARAMS
         total = 0
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
-            search = self._call_api(
-                ep='search', video_id='query "%s"' % query, fatal=False,
-                note='Downloading page %s' % page_num, query=data)
+            search = self._extract_response(
+                item_id='query "%s" page %s' % (query, page_num), ep='search', query=data,
+                check_get_keys=('contents', 'onResponseReceivedCommands')
+            )
             if not search:
                 break
             slr_contents = try_get(