]> jfr.im git - yt-dlp.git/blobdiff - yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
[extractor] Deprecate `_sort_formats`
[yt-dlp.git] / yt_dlp / extractor / twitter.py
index f007454dc4b81f9e4d5d944656e2a7561873afee..3c81473dc8f1d9b2102670f660e931089b68d2d0 100644 (file)
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+import json
 import re
+import urllib.error
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .periscope import PeriscopeBaseIE, PeriscopeIE
+from ..compat import functools  # isort: split
 from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
     compat_parse_qs,
     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
     compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@
     str_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     update_url_query,
 
 class TwitterBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_BASE = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/'
+    _GRAPHQL_API_BASE = 'https://twitter.com/i/api/graphql/'
+    _TOKENS = {
+        'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANRILgAAAAAAnNwIzUejRCOuH5E6I8xnZz4puTs%3D1Zv7ttfk8LF81IUq16cHjhLTvJu4FA33AGWWjCpTnA': None,
+        'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPYXBAAAAAAACLXUNDekMxqa8h%2F40K4moUkGsoc%3DTYfbDKbT3jJPCEVnMYqilB28NHfOPqkca3qaAxGfsyKCs0wRbw': None,
+    }
     _BASE_REGEX = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m(?:obile)?)\.)?(?:twitter\.com|twitter3e4tixl4xyajtrzo62zg5vztmjuricljdp2c5kshju4avyoid\.onion)/'
-    _GUEST_TOKEN = None
 
     def _extract_variant_formats(self, variant, video_id):
         variant_url = variant.get('url')
@@ -81,28 +88,73 @@ def _search_dimensions_in_video_url(a_format, video_url):
                 'height': int(m.group('height')),
             })
 
-    def _call_api(self, path, video_id, query={}):
-        headers = {
-            'Authorization': 'Bearer AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANRILgAAAAAAnNwIzUejRCOuH5E6I8xnZz4puTs%3D1Zv7ttfk8LF81IUq16cHjhLTvJu4FA33AGWWjCpTnA',
-        }
-        token = self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE).get('ct0')
-        if token:
-            headers['x-csrf-token'] = token.value
-        if not self._GUEST_TOKEN:
-            self._GUEST_TOKEN = self._download_json(
-                self._API_BASE + 'guest/activate.json', video_id,
-                'Downloading guest token', data=b'',
-                headers=headers)['guest_token']
-        headers['x-guest-token'] = self._GUEST_TOKEN
-        try:
-            return self._download_json(
-                self._API_BASE + path, video_id, headers=headers, query=query)
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
-                raise ExtractorError(self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(),
-                    video_id)['errors'][0]['message'], expected=True)
-            raise
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def is_logged_in(self):
+        return bool(self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE).get('auth_token'))
+
+    def _call_api(self, path, video_id, query={}, graphql=False):
+        cookies = self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE)
+        headers = {}
+
+        csrf_cookie = cookies.get('ct0')
+        if csrf_cookie:
+            headers['x-csrf-token'] = csrf_cookie.value
+
+        if self.is_logged_in:
+            headers.update({
+                'x-twitter-auth-type': 'OAuth2Session',
+                'x-twitter-client-language': 'en',
+                'x-twitter-active-user': 'yes',
+            })
+
+        result, last_error = None, None
+        for bearer_token in self._TOKENS:
+            headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {bearer_token}'
+
+            if not self.is_logged_in:
+                if not self._TOKENS[bearer_token]:
+                    headers.pop('x-guest-token', None)
+                    guest_token_response = self._download_json(
+                        self._API_BASE + 'guest/activate.json', video_id,
+                        'Downloading guest token', data=b'', headers=headers)
+
+                    self._TOKENS[bearer_token] = guest_token_response.get('guest_token')
+                    if not self._TOKENS[bearer_token]:
+                        raise ExtractorError('Could not retrieve guest token')
+                headers['x-guest-token'] = self._TOKENS[bearer_token]
+
+            try:
+                allowed_status = {400, 403, 404} if graphql else {403}
+                result = self._download_json(
+                    (self._GRAPHQL_API_BASE if graphql else self._API_BASE) + path,
+                    video_id, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=allowed_status)
+                break
+
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if last_error:
+                    raise last_error
+                elif not isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) or e.cause.code != 404:
+                    raise
+                last_error = e
+                self.report_warning(
+                    'Twitter API gave 404 response, retrying with deprecated token. '
+                    'Only one media item can be extracted')
+
+        if result.get('errors'):
+            error_message = ', '.join(set(traverse_obj(
+                result, ('errors', ..., 'message'), expected_type=str))) or 'Unknown error'
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Error(s) while querying api: {error_message}', expected=True)
+
+        assert result is not None
+        return result
+
+    def _build_graphql_query(self, media_id):
+        raise NotImplementedError('Method must be implemented to support GraphQL')
+
+    def _call_graphql_api(self, endpoint, media_id):
+        data = self._build_graphql_query(media_id)
+        query = {key: json.dumps(value, separators=(',', ':')) for key, value in data.items()}
+        return traverse_obj(self._call_api(endpoint, media_id, query=query, graphql=True), 'data')
 
 
 class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -113,7 +165,7 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
             'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/cards/tfw/v1/560070183650213889',
             # MD5 checksums are different in different places
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '560070183650213889',
+                'id': '560070131976392705',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': "Twitter - You can now shoot, edit and share video on Twitter. Capture life's most moving moments from your perspective.",
                 'description': 'md5:18d3e24bb4f6e5007487dd546e53bd96',
@@ -123,6 +175,13 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 30.033,
                 'timestamp': 1422366112,
                 'upload_date': '20150127',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'tags': [],
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'display_id': '560070183650213889',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/Twitter',
             },
         },
         {
@@ -137,7 +196,14 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'uploader_id': 'NASA',
                 'timestamp': 1437408129,
                 'upload_date': '20150720',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/NASA',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'tags': ['PlutoFlyby'],
             },
+            'params': {'format': '[protocol=https]'}
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/cards/tfw/v1/654001591733886977',
@@ -150,12 +216,27 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'upload_date': '20111013',
                 'uploader': 'OMG! UBUNTU!',
                 'uploader_id': 'omgubuntu',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIiSwcm9xiFb3Y4wjzR41eQ',
+                'channel_id': 'UCIiSwcm9xiFb3Y4wjzR41eQ',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'chapters': 'count:8',
+                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/omgubuntu',
+                'duration': 138,
+                'categories': ['Film & Animation'],
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/dq4Oj5quskI/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'tags': 'count:12',
+                'channel': 'OMG! UBUNTU!',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
             },
             'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/cards/tfw/v1/665289828897005568',
-            'md5': '6dabeaca9e68cbb71c99c322a4b42a11',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'iBb2x00UVlv',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -164,9 +245,17 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'uploader': 'ArsenalTerje',
                 'title': 'Vine by ArsenalTerje',
                 'timestamp': 1447451307,
+                'alt_title': 'Vine by ArsenalTerje',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+\.jpg',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'repost_count': int,
             },
             'add_ie': ['Vine'],
-        }, {
+            'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        },
+        {
             'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/videos/tweet/705235433198714880',
             'md5': '884812a2adc8aaf6fe52b15ccbfa3b88',
             'info_dict': {
@@ -180,7 +269,8 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'upload_date': '20160303',
             },
             'skip': 'This content is no longer available.',
-        }, {
+        },
+        {
             'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/videos/752274308186120192',
             'only_matching': True,
         },
@@ -211,7 +301,6 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'duration': 12.922,
             'timestamp': 1442188653,
             'upload_date': '20150913',
-            'age_limit': 18,
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/freethenipple',
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
@@ -239,10 +328,10 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'id': '665052190608723968',
             'display_id': '665052190608723968',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Star Wars - A new beginning is coming December 18. Watch the official 60 second #TV spot for #StarWars: #TheForceAwakens.',
+            'title': 'md5:3f57ab5d35116537a2ae7345cd0060d8',
             'description': 'A new beginning is coming December 18. Watch the official 60 second #TV spot for #StarWars: #TheForceAwakens. https://t.co/OkSqT2fjWJ',
             'uploader_id': 'starwars',
-            'uploader': 'Star Wars',
+            'uploader': r're:Star Wars.*',
             'timestamp': 1447395772,
             'upload_date': '20151113',
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/starwars',
@@ -487,7 +576,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/oshtru',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'duration': 30.03,
-            'timestamp': 1665025050.0,
+            'timestamp': 1665025050,
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
@@ -505,7 +594,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'uploader_id': 'UltimaShadowX',
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX',
             'upload_date': '20221005',
-            'timestamp': 1664992565.0,
+            'timestamp': 1664992565,
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
@@ -514,6 +603,121 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         },
         'playlist_count': 4,
         'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/MesoMax919/status/1575560063510810624',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1575559336759263233',
+            'display_id': '1575560063510810624',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:eec26382babd0f7c18f041db8ae1c9c9',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:95aea692fda36a12081b9629b02daa92',
+            'uploader': 'Max Olson',
+            'uploader_id': 'MesoMax919',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/MesoMax919',
+            'duration': 21.321,
+            'timestamp': 1664477766,
+            'upload_date': '20220929',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'tags': ['HurricaneIan'],
+            'age_limit': 0,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Adult content, uses old token
+        # Fails if not logged in (GraphQL)
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/Rizdraws/status/1575199173472927762',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1575199163847000068',
+            'display_id': '1575199173472927762',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': str,
+            'description': str,
+            'uploader': str,
+            'uploader_id': 'Rizdraws',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/Rizdraws',
+            'upload_date': '20220928',
+            'timestamp': 1664391723,
+            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://.*\\.jpg',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'tags': []
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['404'],
+    }, {
+        # Description is missing one https://t.co url (GraphQL)
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/Srirachachau/status/1395079556562706435',
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1395079556562706435',
+            'title': str,
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader': str,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20210519',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'description': 'Here it is! Finished my gothic western cartoon. Pretty proud of it. It\'s got some goofs and lots of splashy over the top violence, something for everyone, hope you like it https://t.co/fOsG5glUnw https://t.co/kbXZrozlY7',
+            'uploader_id': 'Srirachachau',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/Srirachachau',
+            'timestamp': 1621447860,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Description is missing one https://t.co url (GraphQL)
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/DavidToons_/status/1578353380363501568',
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1578353380363501568',
+            'title': str,
+            'uploader_id': 'DavidToons_',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': str,
+            'timestamp': 1665143744,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/DavidToons_',
+            'description': 'Chris sounds like Linda from Bob\'s Burgers, so as an animator: this had to be done. https://t.co/glfQdgfFXH https://t.co/WgJauwIW1w',
+            'tags': [],
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20221007',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/primevideouk/status/1578401165338976258',
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1578401165338976258',
+            'title': str,
+            'description': 'md5:659a6b517a034b4cee5d795381a2dc41',
+            'uploader': str,
+            'uploader_id': 'primevideouk',
+            'timestamp': 1665155137,
+            'upload_date': '20221007',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/primevideouk',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'tags': ['TheRingsOfPower'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Twitter Spaces
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/MoniqueCamarra/status/1550101959377551360',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1lPJqmBeeNAJb',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'EuroFile@6 Ukraine Up-date-Draghi Defenestration-the West',
+            'uploader': r're:Monique Camarra.+?',
+            'uploader_id': 'MoniqueCamarra',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'description': 'md5:acce559345fd49f129c20dbcda3f1201',
+            'timestamp': 1658407771464,
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['TwitterSpaces'],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         # onion route
         'url': 'https://twitter3e4tixl4xyajtrzo62zg5vztmjuricljdp2c5kshju4avyoid.onion/TwitterBlue/status/1484226494708662273',
@@ -552,10 +756,77 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    def _graphql_to_legacy(self, data, twid):
+        result = traverse_obj(data, (
+            'threaded_conversation_with_injections_v2', 'instructions', 0, 'entries',
+            lambda _, v: v['entryId'] == f'tweet-{twid}', 'content', 'itemContent',
+            'tweet_results', 'result'
+        ), expected_type=dict, default={}, get_all=False)
+
+        if 'tombstone' in result:
+            cause = traverse_obj(result, ('tombstone', 'text', 'text'), expected_type=str)
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Twitter API says: {cause or "Unknown error"}', expected=True)
+
+        status = result.get('legacy', {})
+        status.update(traverse_obj(result, {
+            'user': ('core', 'user_results', 'result', 'legacy'),
+            'card': ('card', 'legacy'),
+            'quoted_status': ('quoted_status_result', 'result', 'legacy'),
+        }, expected_type=dict, default={}))
+
+        # extra transformation is needed since result does not match legacy format
+        binding_values = {
+            binding_value.get('key'): binding_value.get('value')
+            for binding_value in traverse_obj(status, ('card', 'binding_values', ...), expected_type=dict)
+        }
+        if binding_values:
+            status['card']['binding_values'] = binding_values
+
+        return status
+
+    def _build_graphql_query(self, media_id):
+        return {
+            'variables': {
+                'focalTweetId': media_id,
+                'includePromotedContent': True,
+                'with_rux_injections': False,
+                'withBirdwatchNotes': True,
+                'withCommunity': True,
+                'withDownvotePerspective': False,
+                'withQuickPromoteEligibilityTweetFields': True,
+                'withReactionsMetadata': False,
+                'withReactionsPerspective': False,
+                'withSuperFollowsTweetFields': True,
+                'withSuperFollowsUserFields': True,
+                'withV2Timeline': True,
+                'withVoice': True,
+            },
+            'features': {
+                'graphql_is_translatable_rweb_tweet_is_translatable_enabled': False,
+                'interactive_text_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_edit_tweet_api_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_enhance_cards_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_graphql_timeline_navigation_enabled': False,
+                'responsive_web_text_conversations_enabled': False,
+                'responsive_web_uc_gql_enabled': True,
+                'standardized_nudges_misinfo': True,
+                'tweet_with_visibility_results_prefer_gql_limited_actions_policy_enabled': False,
+                'tweetypie_unmention_optimization_enabled': True,
+                'unified_cards_ad_metadata_container_dynamic_card_content_query_enabled': True,
+                'verified_phone_label_enabled': False,
+                'vibe_api_enabled': True,
+            },
+        }
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         twid = self._match_id(url)
-        status = self._call_api(
-            'statuses/show/%s.json' % twid, twid, {
+        if self.is_logged_in or self._configuration_arg('force_graphql'):
+            self.write_debug(f'Using GraphQL API (Auth = {self.is_logged_in})')
+            result = self._call_graphql_api('zZXycP0V6H7m-2r0mOnFcA/TweetDetail', twid)
+            status = self._graphql_to_legacy(result, twid)
+
+        else:
+            status = self._call_api(f'statuses/show/{twid}.json', twid, {
                 'cards_platform': 'Web-12',
                 'include_cards': 1,
                 'include_reply_count': 1,
@@ -569,7 +840,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         user = status.get('user') or {}
         uploader = user.get('name')
         if uploader:
-            title = '%s - %s' % (uploader, title)
+            title = f'{uploader} - {title}'
         uploader_id = user.get('screen_name')
 
         tags = []
@@ -605,7 +876,6 @@ def extract_from_video_info(media):
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_variant_formats(variant, twid)
                 subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
                 formats.extend(fmts)
-            self._sort_formats(formats, ('res', 'br', 'size', 'proto'))  # The codec of http formats are unknown
 
             thumbnails = []
             media_url = media.get('media_url_https') or media.get('media_url')
@@ -627,6 +897,8 @@ def add_thumbnail(name, size):
                 'subtitles': subtitles,
                 'thumbnails': thumbnails,
                 'duration': float_or_none(video_info.get('duration_millis'), 1000),
+                # The codec of http formats are unknown
+                '_format_sort_fields': ('res', 'br', 'size', 'proto'),
             }
 
         def extract_from_card_info(card):
@@ -642,31 +914,37 @@ def get_binding_value(k):
 
             card_name = card['name'].split(':')[-1]
             if card_name == 'player':
-                return {
+                yield {
                     '_type': 'url',
                     'url': get_binding_value('player_url'),
                 }
             elif card_name == 'periscope_broadcast':
-                return {
+                yield {
                     '_type': 'url',
                     'url': get_binding_value('url') or get_binding_value('player_url'),
                     'ie_key': PeriscopeIE.ie_key(),
                 }
             elif card_name == 'broadcast':
-                return {
+                yield {
                     '_type': 'url',
                     'url': get_binding_value('broadcast_url'),
                     'ie_key': TwitterBroadcastIE.ie_key(),
                 }
+            elif card_name == 'audiospace':
+                yield {
+                    '_type': 'url',
+                    'url': f'https://twitter.com/i/spaces/{get_binding_value("id")}',
+                    'ie_key': TwitterSpacesIE.ie_key(),
+                }
             elif card_name == 'summary':
-                return {
+                yield {
                     '_type': 'url',
                     'url': get_binding_value('card_url'),
                 }
             elif card_name == 'unified_card':
-                media_entities = self._parse_json(get_binding_value('unified_card'), twid)['media_entities']
-                media = traverse_obj(media_entities, ..., expected_type=dict, get_all=False)
-                return extract_from_video_info(media)
+                unified_card = self._parse_json(get_binding_value('unified_card'), twid)
+                yield from map(extract_from_video_info, traverse_obj(
+                    unified_card, ('media_entities', ...), expected_type=dict))
             # amplify, promo_video_website, promo_video_convo, appplayer,
             # video_direct_message, poll2choice_video, poll3choice_video,
             # poll4choice_video, ...
@@ -675,7 +953,6 @@ def get_binding_value(k):
                 vmap_url = get_binding_value('amplify_url_vmap') if is_amplify else get_binding_value('player_stream_url')
                 content_id = get_binding_value('%s_content_id' % (card_name if is_amplify else 'player'))
                 formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_from_vmap_url(vmap_url, content_id or twid)
-                self._sort_formats(formats)
 
                 thumbnails = []
                 for suffix in ('_small', '', '_large', '_x_large', '_original'):
@@ -690,7 +967,7 @@ def get_binding_value(k):
                         'height': int_or_none(image.get('height')),
                     })
 
-                return {
+                yield {
                     'formats': formats,
                     'subtitles': subtitles,
                     'thumbnails': thumbnails,
@@ -700,11 +977,8 @@ def get_binding_value(k):
 
         media_path = ((None, 'quoted_status'), 'extended_entities', 'media', lambda _, m: m['type'] != 'photo')
         videos = map(extract_from_video_info, traverse_obj(status, media_path, expected_type=dict))
-        entries = [{**info, **data, 'display_id': twid} for data in videos if data]
-
-        data = extract_from_card_info(status.get('card'))
-        if data:
-            entries.append({**info, **data, 'display_id': twid})
+        cards = extract_from_card_info(status.get('card'))
+        entries = [{**info, **data, 'display_id': twid} for data in (*videos, *cards)]
 
         if not entries:
             expanded_url = traverse_obj(status, ('entities', 'urls', 0, 'expanded_url'), expected_type=url_or_none)
@@ -730,13 +1004,14 @@ class TwitterAmplifyIE(TwitterBaseIE):
 
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'https://amp.twimg.com/v/0ba0c3c7-0af3-4c0a-bed5-7efd1ffa2951',
-        'md5': '7df102d0b9fd7066b86f3159f8e81bf6',
+        'md5': 'fec25801d18a4557c5c9f33d2c379ffa',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '0ba0c3c7-0af3-4c0a-bed5-7efd1ffa2951',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Twitter Video',
             'thumbnail': 're:^https?://.*',
         },
+        'params': {'format': '[protocol=https]'},
     }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -745,7 +1020,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         vmap_url = self._html_search_meta(
             'twitter:amplify:vmap', webpage, 'vmap url')
-        formats = self._extract_formats_from_vmap_url(vmap_url, video_id)
+        formats, _ = self._extract_formats_from_vmap_url(vmap_url, video_id)
 
         thumbnails = []
         thumbnail = self._html_search_meta(
@@ -793,6 +1068,8 @@ class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
             'title': 'Andrea May Sahouri - Periscope Broadcast',
             'uploader': 'Andrea May Sahouri',
             'uploader_id': '1PXEdBZWpGwKe',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+\.jpg\?token=',
+            'view_count': int,
         },
     }
 
@@ -804,7 +1081,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         info = self._parse_broadcast_data(broadcast, broadcast_id)
         media_key = broadcast['media_key']
         source = self._call_api(
-            'live_video_stream/status/' + media_key, media_key)['source']
+            f'live_video_stream/status/{media_key}', media_key)['source']
         m3u8_url = source.get('noRedirectPlaybackUrl') or source['location']
         if '/live_video_stream/geoblocked/' in m3u8_url:
             self.raise_geo_restricted()
@@ -816,6 +1093,100 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return info
 
 
+class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'twitter:spaces'
+    _VALID_URL = TwitterBaseIE._BASE_REGEX + r'i/spaces/(?P<id>[0-9a-zA-Z]{13})'
+    _TWITTER_GRAPHQL = 'https://twitter.com/i/api/graphql/HPEisOmj1epUNLCWTYhUWw/'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1RDxlgyvNXzJL',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1RDxlgyvNXzJL',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'King Carlo e la mossa Kansas City per fare il Grande Centro',
+            'description': 'Twitter Space participated by annarita digiorgio, Signor Ernesto, Raffaello Colosimo, Simone M. Sepe',
+            'uploader': r're:Lucio Di Gaetano.*?',
+            'uploader_id': 'luciodigaetano',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'timestamp': 1659877956397,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    SPACE_STATUS = {
+        'notstarted': 'is_upcoming',
+        'ended': 'was_live',
+        'running': 'is_live',
+        'timedout': 'post_live',
+    }
+
+    def _build_graphql_query(self, space_id):
+        return {
+            'variables': {
+                'id': space_id,
+                'isMetatagsQuery': True,
+                'withDownvotePerspective': False,
+                'withReactionsMetadata': False,
+                'withReactionsPerspective': False,
+                'withReplays': True,
+                'withSuperFollowsUserFields': True,
+                'withSuperFollowsTweetFields': True,
+            },
+            'features': {
+                'dont_mention_me_view_api_enabled': True,
+                'interactive_text_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_edit_tweet_api_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_enhance_cards_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_uc_gql_enabled': True,
+                'spaces_2022_h2_clipping': True,
+                'spaces_2022_h2_spaces_communities': False,
+                'standardized_nudges_misinfo': True,
+                'tweet_with_visibility_results_prefer_gql_limited_actions_policy_enabled': False,
+                'vibe_api_enabled': True,
+            },
+        }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        space_id = self._match_id(url)
+        space_data = self._call_graphql_api('HPEisOmj1epUNLCWTYhUWw/AudioSpaceById', space_id)['audioSpace']
+        if not space_data:
+            raise ExtractorError('Twitter Space not found', expected=True)
+
+        metadata = space_data['metadata']
+        live_status = try_call(lambda: self.SPACE_STATUS[metadata['state'].lower()])
+
+        formats = []
+        if live_status == 'is_upcoming':
+            self.raise_no_formats('Twitter Space not started yet', expected=True)
+        elif live_status == 'post_live':
+            self.raise_no_formats('Twitter Space ended but not downloadable yet', expected=True)
+        else:
+            source = self._call_api(
+                f'live_video_stream/status/{metadata["media_key"]}', metadata['media_key'])['source']
+
+            # XXX: Native downloader does not work
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                traverse_obj(source, 'noRedirectPlaybackUrl', 'location'),
+                metadata['media_key'], 'm4a', 'm3u8', live=live_status == 'is_live')
+            for fmt in formats:
+                fmt.update({'vcodec': 'none', 'acodec': 'aac'})
+
+        participants = ', '.join(traverse_obj(
+            space_data, ('participants', 'speakers', ..., 'display_name'))) or 'nobody yet'
+        return {
+            'id': space_id,
+            'title': metadata.get('title'),
+            'description': f'Twitter Space participated by {participants}',
+            'uploader': traverse_obj(
+                metadata, ('creator_results', 'result', 'legacy', 'name')),
+            'uploader_id': traverse_obj(
+                metadata, ('creator_results', 'result', 'legacy', 'screen_name')),
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            'timestamp': metadata.get('created_at'),
+            'formats': formats,
+        }
+
+
 class TwitterShortenerIE(TwitterBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'twitter:shortener'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://t.co/(?P<id>[^?]+)|tco:(?P<eid>[^?]+)'