]> jfr.im git - yt-dlp.git/blobdiff - yt_dlp/utils.py
Add brotli content-encoding support (#2433)
[yt-dlp.git] / yt_dlp / utils.py
index 4aa36a11654c7e0499551fba11da69dfef160105..f6e41f8373d68921f97a713940c6edbc053ac8fb 100644 (file)
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
 
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
+import asyncio
+import atexit
 import base64
 import binascii
 import calendar
 import base64
 import binascii
 import calendar
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@
 import gzip
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 import gzip
 import hashlib
 import hmac
-import imp
+import importlib.util
 import io
 import itertools
 import json
 import io
 import itertools
 import json
 import traceback
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 import zlib
 import traceback
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 import zlib
+import mimetypes
 
 from .compat import (
     compat_HTMLParseError,
     compat_HTMLParser,
     compat_HTTPError,
     compat_basestring,
 
 from .compat import (
     compat_HTMLParseError,
     compat_HTMLParser,
     compat_HTTPError,
     compat_basestring,
+    compat_brotli,
     compat_chr,
     compat_cookiejar,
     compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE,
     compat_chr,
     compat_cookiejar,
     compat_ctypes_WINFUNCTYPE,
@@ -57,6 +61,7 @@
     compat_kwargs,
     compat_os_name,
     compat_parse_qs,
     compat_kwargs,
     compat_os_name,
     compat_parse_qs,
+    compat_shlex_split,
     compat_shlex_quote,
     compat_str,
     compat_struct_pack,
     compat_shlex_quote,
     compat_str,
     compat_struct_pack,
@@ -71,6 +76,7 @@
     compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
     compat_urllib_request,
     compat_urlparse,
     compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
     compat_urllib_request,
     compat_urlparse,
+    compat_websockets,
     compat_xpath,
 )
 
     compat_xpath,
 )
 
@@ -96,1592 +102,60 @@ def register_socks_protocols():
 def random_user_agent():
     _USER_AGENT_TPL = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/%s Safari/537.36'
     _CHROME_VERSIONS = (
 def random_user_agent():
     _USER_AGENT_TPL = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/%s Safari/537.36'
     _CHROME_VERSIONS = (
-        '74.0.3729.129',
-        '76.0.3780.3',
-        '76.0.3780.2',
-        '74.0.3729.128',
-        '76.0.3780.1',
-        '76.0.3780.0',
-        '75.0.3770.15',
-        '74.0.3729.127',
-        '74.0.3729.126',
-        '76.0.3779.1',
-        '76.0.3779.0',
-        '75.0.3770.14',
-        '74.0.3729.125',
-        '76.0.3778.1',
-        '76.0.3778.0',
-        '75.0.3770.13',
-        '74.0.3729.124',
-        '74.0.3729.123',
-        '73.0.3683.121',
-        '76.0.3777.1',
-        '76.0.3777.0',
-        '75.0.3770.12',
-        '74.0.3729.122',
-        '76.0.3776.4',
-        '75.0.3770.11',
-        '74.0.3729.121',
-        '76.0.3776.3',
-        '76.0.3776.2',
-        '73.0.3683.120',
-        '74.0.3729.120',
-        '74.0.3729.119',
-        '74.0.3729.118',
-        '76.0.3776.1',
-        '76.0.3776.0',
-        '76.0.3775.5',
-        '75.0.3770.10',
-        '74.0.3729.117',
-        '76.0.3775.4',
-        '76.0.3775.3',
-        '74.0.3729.116',
-        '75.0.3770.9',
-        '76.0.3775.2',
-        '76.0.3775.1',
-        '76.0.3775.0',
-        '75.0.3770.8',
-        '74.0.3729.115',
-        '74.0.3729.114',
-        '76.0.3774.1',
-        '76.0.3774.0',
-        '75.0.3770.7',
-        '74.0.3729.113',
-        '74.0.3729.112',
-        '74.0.3729.111',
-        '76.0.3773.1',
-        '76.0.3773.0',
-        '75.0.3770.6',
-        '74.0.3729.110',
-        '74.0.3729.109',
-        '76.0.3772.1',
-        '76.0.3772.0',
-        '75.0.3770.5',
-        '74.0.3729.108',
-        '74.0.3729.107',
-        '76.0.3771.1',
-        '76.0.3771.0',
-        '75.0.3770.4',
-        '74.0.3729.106',
-        '74.0.3729.105',
-        '75.0.3770.3',
-        '74.0.3729.104',
-        '74.0.3729.103',
-        '74.0.3729.102',
-        '75.0.3770.2',
-        '74.0.3729.101',
-        '75.0.3770.1',
-        '75.0.3770.0',
-        '74.0.3729.100',
-        '75.0.3769.5',
-        '75.0.3769.4',
-        '74.0.3729.99',
-        '75.0.3769.3',
-        '75.0.3769.2',
-        '75.0.3768.6',
-        '74.0.3729.98',
-        '75.0.3769.1',
-        '75.0.3769.0',
-        '74.0.3729.97',
-        '73.0.3683.119',
-        '73.0.3683.118',
-        '74.0.3729.96',
-        '75.0.3768.5',
-        '75.0.3768.4',
-        '75.0.3768.3',
-        '75.0.3768.2',
-        '74.0.3729.95',
-        '74.0.3729.94',
-        '75.0.3768.1',
-        '75.0.3768.0',
-        '74.0.3729.93',
-        '74.0.3729.92',
-        '73.0.3683.117',
-        '74.0.3729.91',
-        '75.0.3766.3',
-        '74.0.3729.90',
-        '75.0.3767.2',
-        '75.0.3767.1',
-        '75.0.3767.0',
-        '74.0.3729.89',
-        '73.0.3683.116',
-        '75.0.3766.2',
-        '74.0.3729.88',
-        '75.0.3766.1',
-        '75.0.3766.0',
-        '74.0.3729.87',
-        '73.0.3683.115',
-        '74.0.3729.86',
-        '75.0.3765.1',
-        '75.0.3765.0',
-        '74.0.3729.85',
-        '73.0.3683.114',
-        '74.0.3729.84',
-        '75.0.3764.1',
-        '75.0.3764.0',
-        '74.0.3729.83',
-        '73.0.3683.113',
-        '75.0.3763.2',
-        '75.0.3761.4',
-        '74.0.3729.82',
-        '75.0.3763.1',
-        '75.0.3763.0',
-        '74.0.3729.81',
-        '73.0.3683.112',
-        '75.0.3762.1',
-        '75.0.3762.0',
-        '74.0.3729.80',
-        '75.0.3761.3',
-        '74.0.3729.79',
-        '73.0.3683.111',
-        '75.0.3761.2',
-        '74.0.3729.78',
-        '74.0.3729.77',
-        '75.0.3761.1',
-        '75.0.3761.0',
-        '73.0.3683.110',
-        '74.0.3729.76',
-        '74.0.3729.75',
-        '75.0.3760.0',
-        '74.0.3729.74',
-        '75.0.3759.8',
-        '75.0.3759.7',
-        '75.0.3759.6',
-        '74.0.3729.73',
-        '75.0.3759.5',
-        '74.0.3729.72',
-        '73.0.3683.109',
-        '75.0.3759.4',
-        '75.0.3759.3',
-        '74.0.3729.71',
-        '75.0.3759.2',
-        '74.0.3729.70',
-        '73.0.3683.108',
-        '74.0.3729.69',
-        '75.0.3759.1',
-        '75.0.3759.0',
-        '74.0.3729.68',
-        '73.0.3683.107',
-        '74.0.3729.67',
-        '75.0.3758.1',
-        '75.0.3758.0',
-        '74.0.3729.66',
-        '73.0.3683.106',
-        '74.0.3729.65',
-        '75.0.3757.1',
-        '75.0.3757.0',
-        '74.0.3729.64',
-        '73.0.3683.105',
-        '74.0.3729.63',
-        '75.0.3756.1',
-        '75.0.3756.0',
-        '74.0.3729.62',
-        '73.0.3683.104',
-        '75.0.3755.3',
-        '75.0.3755.2',
-        '73.0.3683.103',
-        '75.0.3755.1',
-        '75.0.3755.0',
-        '74.0.3729.61',
-        '73.0.3683.102',
-        '74.0.3729.60',
-        '75.0.3754.2',
-        '74.0.3729.59',
-        '75.0.3753.4',
-        '74.0.3729.58',
-        '75.0.3754.1',
-        '75.0.3754.0',
-        '74.0.3729.57',
-        '73.0.3683.101',
-        '75.0.3753.3',
-        '75.0.3752.2',
-        '75.0.3753.2',
-        '74.0.3729.56',
-        '75.0.3753.1',
-        '75.0.3753.0',
-        '74.0.3729.55',
-        '73.0.3683.100',
-        '74.0.3729.54',
-        '75.0.3752.1',
-        '75.0.3752.0',
-        '74.0.3729.53',
-        '73.0.3683.99',
-        '74.0.3729.52',
-        '75.0.3751.1',
-        '75.0.3751.0',
-        '74.0.3729.51',
-        '73.0.3683.98',
-        '74.0.3729.50',
-        '75.0.3750.0',
-        '74.0.3729.49',
-        '74.0.3729.48',
-        '74.0.3729.47',
-        '75.0.3749.3',
-        '74.0.3729.46',
-        '73.0.3683.97',
-        '75.0.3749.2',
-        '74.0.3729.45',
-        '75.0.3749.1',
-        '75.0.3749.0',
-        '74.0.3729.44',
-        '73.0.3683.96',
-        '74.0.3729.43',
-        '74.0.3729.42',
-        '75.0.3748.1',
-        '75.0.3748.0',
-        '74.0.3729.41',
-        '75.0.3747.1',
-        '73.0.3683.95',
-        '75.0.3746.4',
-        '74.0.3729.40',
-        '74.0.3729.39',
-        '75.0.3747.0',
-        '75.0.3746.3',
-        '75.0.3746.2',
-        '74.0.3729.38',
-        '75.0.3746.1',
-        '75.0.3746.0',
-        '74.0.3729.37',
-        '73.0.3683.94',
-        '75.0.3745.5',
-        '75.0.3745.4',
-        '75.0.3745.3',
-        '75.0.3745.2',
-        '74.0.3729.36',
-        '75.0.3745.1',
-        '75.0.3745.0',
-        '75.0.3744.2',
-        '74.0.3729.35',
-        '73.0.3683.93',
-        '74.0.3729.34',
-        '75.0.3744.1',
-        '75.0.3744.0',
-        '74.0.3729.33',
-        '73.0.3683.92',
-        '74.0.3729.32',
-        '74.0.3729.31',
-        '73.0.3683.91',
-        '75.0.3741.2',
-        '75.0.3740.5',
-        '74.0.3729.30',
-        '75.0.3741.1',
-        '75.0.3741.0',
-        '74.0.3729.29',
-        '75.0.3740.4',
-        '73.0.3683.90',
-        '74.0.3729.28',
-        '75.0.3740.3',
-        '73.0.3683.89',
-        '75.0.3740.2',
-        '74.0.3729.27',
-        '75.0.3740.1',
-        '75.0.3740.0',
-        '74.0.3729.26',
-        '73.0.3683.88',
-        '73.0.3683.87',
-        '74.0.3729.25',
-        '75.0.3739.1',
-        '75.0.3739.0',
-        '73.0.3683.86',
-        '74.0.3729.24',
-        '73.0.3683.85',
-        '75.0.3738.4',
-        '75.0.3738.3',
-        '75.0.3738.2',
-        '75.0.3738.1',
-        '75.0.3738.0',
-        '74.0.3729.23',
-        '73.0.3683.84',
-        '74.0.3729.22',
-        '74.0.3729.21',
-        '75.0.3737.1',
-        '75.0.3737.0',
-        '74.0.3729.20',
-        '73.0.3683.83',
-        '74.0.3729.19',
-        '75.0.3736.1',
-        '75.0.3736.0',
-        '74.0.3729.18',
-        '73.0.3683.82',
-        '74.0.3729.17',
-        '75.0.3735.1',
-        '75.0.3735.0',
-        '74.0.3729.16',
-        '73.0.3683.81',
-        '75.0.3734.1',
-        '75.0.3734.0',
-        '74.0.3729.15',
-        '73.0.3683.80',
-        '74.0.3729.14',
-        '75.0.3733.1',
-        '75.0.3733.0',
-        '75.0.3732.1',
-        '74.0.3729.13',
-        '74.0.3729.12',
-        '73.0.3683.79',
-        '74.0.3729.11',
-        '75.0.3732.0',
-        '74.0.3729.10',
-        '73.0.3683.78',
-        '74.0.3729.9',
-        '74.0.3729.8',
-        '74.0.3729.7',
-        '75.0.3731.3',
-        '75.0.3731.2',
-        '75.0.3731.0',
-        '74.0.3729.6',
-        '73.0.3683.77',
-        '73.0.3683.76',
-        '75.0.3730.5',
-        '75.0.3730.4',
-        '73.0.3683.75',
-        '74.0.3729.5',
-        '73.0.3683.74',
-        '75.0.3730.3',
-        '75.0.3730.2',
-        '74.0.3729.4',
-        '73.0.3683.73',
-        '73.0.3683.72',
-        '75.0.3730.1',
-        '75.0.3730.0',
-        '74.0.3729.3',
-        '73.0.3683.71',
-        '74.0.3729.2',
-        '73.0.3683.70',
-        '74.0.3729.1',
-        '74.0.3729.0',
-        '74.0.3726.4',
-        '73.0.3683.69',
-        '74.0.3726.3',
-        '74.0.3728.0',
-        '74.0.3726.2',
-        '73.0.3683.68',
-        '74.0.3726.1',
-        '74.0.3726.0',
-        '74.0.3725.4',
-        '73.0.3683.67',
-        '73.0.3683.66',
-        '74.0.3725.3',
-        '74.0.3725.2',
-        '74.0.3725.1',
-        '74.0.3724.8',
-        '74.0.3725.0',
-        '73.0.3683.65',
-        '74.0.3724.7',
-        '74.0.3724.6',
-        '74.0.3724.5',
-        '74.0.3724.4',
-        '74.0.3724.3',
-        '74.0.3724.2',
-        '74.0.3724.1',
-        '74.0.3724.0',
-        '73.0.3683.64',
-        '74.0.3723.1',
-        '74.0.3723.0',
-        '73.0.3683.63',
-        '74.0.3722.1',
-        '74.0.3722.0',
-        '73.0.3683.62',
-        '74.0.3718.9',
-        '74.0.3702.3',
-        '74.0.3721.3',
-        '74.0.3721.2',
-        '74.0.3721.1',
-        '74.0.3721.0',
-        '74.0.3720.6',
-        '73.0.3683.61',
-        '72.0.3626.122',
-        '73.0.3683.60',
-        '74.0.3720.5',
-        '72.0.3626.121',
-        '74.0.3718.8',
-        '74.0.3720.4',
-        '74.0.3720.3',
-        '74.0.3718.7',
-        '74.0.3720.2',
-        '74.0.3720.1',
-        '74.0.3720.0',
-        '74.0.3718.6',
-        '74.0.3719.5',
-        '73.0.3683.59',
-        '74.0.3718.5',
-        '74.0.3718.4',
-        '74.0.3719.4',
-        '74.0.3719.3',
-        '74.0.3719.2',
-        '74.0.3719.1',
-        '73.0.3683.58',
-        '74.0.3719.0',
-        '73.0.3683.57',
-        '73.0.3683.56',
-        '74.0.3718.3',
-        '73.0.3683.55',
-        '74.0.3718.2',
-        '74.0.3718.1',
-        '74.0.3718.0',
-        '73.0.3683.54',
-        '74.0.3717.2',
-        '73.0.3683.53',
-        '74.0.3717.1',
-        '74.0.3717.0',
-        '73.0.3683.52',
-        '74.0.3716.1',
-        '74.0.3716.0',
-        '73.0.3683.51',
-        '74.0.3715.1',
-        '74.0.3715.0',
-        '73.0.3683.50',
-        '74.0.3711.2',
-        '74.0.3714.2',
-        '74.0.3713.3',
-        '74.0.3714.1',
-        '74.0.3714.0',
-        '73.0.3683.49',
-        '74.0.3713.1',
-        '74.0.3713.0',
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-        '68.0.3440.125',
-        '69.0.3497.57',
-        '69.0.3497.56',
-        '69.0.3497.55',
-        '69.0.3497.54',
-        '70.0.3530.1',
-        '70.0.3530.0',
-        '69.0.3497.53',
-        '68.0.3440.124',
-        '69.0.3497.52',
-        '70.0.3529.3',
-        '70.0.3529.2',
-        '70.0.3529.1',
-        '70.0.3529.0',
-        '69.0.3497.51',
-        '70.0.3528.4',
-        '68.0.3440.123',
-        '70.0.3528.3',
-        '70.0.3528.2',
-        '70.0.3528.1',
-        '70.0.3528.0',
-        '69.0.3497.50',
-        '68.0.3440.122',
-        '70.0.3527.1',
-        '70.0.3527.0',
-        '69.0.3497.49',
-        '68.0.3440.121',
-        '70.0.3526.1',
-        '70.0.3526.0',
-        '68.0.3440.120',
-        '69.0.3497.48',
-        '69.0.3497.47',
-        '68.0.3440.119',
-        '68.0.3440.118',
-        '70.0.3525.5',
-        '70.0.3525.4',
-        '70.0.3525.3',
-        '68.0.3440.117',
-        '69.0.3497.46',
-        '70.0.3525.2',
-        '70.0.3525.1',
-        '70.0.3525.0',
-        '69.0.3497.45',
-        '68.0.3440.116',
-        '70.0.3524.4',
-        '70.0.3524.3',
-        '69.0.3497.44',
-        '70.0.3524.2',
-        '70.0.3524.1',
-        '70.0.3524.0',
-        '70.0.3523.2',
-        '69.0.3497.43',
-        '68.0.3440.115',
-        '70.0.3505.9',
-        '69.0.3497.42',
-        '70.0.3505.8',
-        '70.0.3523.1',
-        '70.0.3523.0',
-        '69.0.3497.41',
-        '68.0.3440.114',
-        '70.0.3505.7',
-        '69.0.3497.40',
-        '70.0.3522.1',
-        '70.0.3522.0',
-        '70.0.3521.2',
-        '69.0.3497.39',
-        '68.0.3440.113',
-        '70.0.3505.6',
-        '70.0.3521.1',
-        '70.0.3521.0',
-        '69.0.3497.38',
-        '68.0.3440.112',
-        '70.0.3520.1',
-        '70.0.3520.0',
-        '69.0.3497.37',
-        '68.0.3440.111',
-        '70.0.3519.3',
-        '70.0.3519.2',
-        '70.0.3519.1',
-        '70.0.3519.0',
-        '69.0.3497.36',
-        '68.0.3440.110',
-        '70.0.3518.1',
-        '70.0.3518.0',
-        '69.0.3497.35',
-        '69.0.3497.34',
-        '68.0.3440.109',
-        '70.0.3517.1',
-        '70.0.3517.0',
-        '69.0.3497.33',
-        '68.0.3440.108',
-        '69.0.3497.32',
-        '70.0.3516.3',
-        '70.0.3516.2',
-        '70.0.3516.1',
-        '70.0.3516.0',
-        '69.0.3497.31',
-        '68.0.3440.107',
-        '70.0.3515.4',
-        '68.0.3440.106',
-        '70.0.3515.3',
-        '70.0.3515.2',
-        '70.0.3515.1',
-        '70.0.3515.0',
-        '69.0.3497.30',
-        '68.0.3440.105',
-        '68.0.3440.104',
-        '70.0.3514.2',
-        '70.0.3514.1',
-        '70.0.3514.0',
-        '69.0.3497.29',
-        '68.0.3440.103',
-        '70.0.3513.1',
-        '70.0.3513.0',
-        '69.0.3497.28',
+        '90.0.4430.212',
+        '90.0.4430.24',
+        '90.0.4430.70',
+        '90.0.4430.72',
+        '90.0.4430.85',
+        '90.0.4430.93',
+        '91.0.4472.101',
+        '91.0.4472.106',
+        '91.0.4472.114',
+        '91.0.4472.124',
+        '91.0.4472.164',
+        '91.0.4472.19',
+        '91.0.4472.77',
+        '92.0.4515.107',
+        '92.0.4515.115',
+        '92.0.4515.131',
+        '92.0.4515.159',
+        '92.0.4515.43',
+        '93.0.4556.0',
+        '93.0.4577.15',
+        '93.0.4577.63',
+        '93.0.4577.82',
+        '94.0.4606.41',
+        '94.0.4606.54',
+        '94.0.4606.61',
+        '94.0.4606.71',
+        '94.0.4606.81',
+        '94.0.4606.85',
+        '95.0.4638.17',
+        '95.0.4638.50',
+        '95.0.4638.54',
+        '95.0.4638.69',
+        '95.0.4638.74',
+        '96.0.4664.18',
+        '96.0.4664.45',
+        '96.0.4664.55',
+        '96.0.4664.93',
+        '97.0.4692.20',
     )
     return _USER_AGENT_TPL % random.choice(_CHROME_VERSIONS)
 
 
     )
     return _USER_AGENT_TPL % random.choice(_CHROME_VERSIONS)
 
 
+SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS = [
+    'gzip', 'deflate'
+]
+if compat_brotli:
+    SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS.append('br')
+
 std_headers = {
     'User-Agent': random_user_agent(),
 std_headers = {
     'User-Agent': random_user_agent(),
-    'Accept-Charset': 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7',
     'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
     'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
-    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
+    'Accept-Encoding': ', '.join(SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS),
     'Accept-Language': 'en-us,en;q=0.5',
     'Accept-Language': 'en-us,en;q=0.5',
+    'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
 }
 
 
 }
 
 
@@ -1748,6 +222,7 @@ def random_user_agent():
     '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y%m%d%H%M',
     '%Y%m%d%H%M%S',
     '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y%m%d%H%M',
     '%Y%m%d%H%M%S',
+    '%Y%m%d',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f',
@@ -1842,7 +317,7 @@ def write_json_file(obj, fn):
 
     try:
         with tf:
 
     try:
         with tf:
-            json.dump(obj, tf)
+            json.dump(obj, tf, ensure_ascii=False)
         if sys.platform == 'win32':
             # Need to remove existing file on Windows, else os.rename raises
             # WindowsError or FileExistsError.
         if sys.platform == 'win32':
             # Need to remove existing file on Windows, else os.rename raises
             # WindowsError or FileExistsError.
@@ -1952,17 +427,33 @@ def get_element_by_id(id, html):
     return get_element_by_attribute('id', id, html)
 
 
     return get_element_by_attribute('id', id, html)
 
 
+def get_element_html_by_id(id, html):
+    """Return the html of the tag with the specified ID in the passed HTML document"""
+    return get_element_html_by_attribute('id', id, html)
+
+
 def get_element_by_class(class_name, html):
     """Return the content of the first tag with the specified class in the passed HTML document"""
     retval = get_elements_by_class(class_name, html)
     return retval[0] if retval else None
 
 
 def get_element_by_class(class_name, html):
     """Return the content of the first tag with the specified class in the passed HTML document"""
     retval = get_elements_by_class(class_name, html)
     return retval[0] if retval else None
 
 
+def get_element_html_by_class(class_name, html):
+    """Return the html of the first tag with the specified class in the passed HTML document"""
+    retval = get_elements_html_by_class(class_name, html)
+    return retval[0] if retval else None
+
+
 def get_element_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):
     retval = get_elements_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value)
     return retval[0] if retval else None
 
 
 def get_element_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):
     retval = get_elements_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value)
     return retval[0] if retval else None
 
 
+def get_element_html_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):
+    retval = get_elements_html_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value)
+    return retval[0] if retval else None
+
+
 def get_elements_by_class(class_name, html):
     """Return the content of all tags with the specified class in the passed HTML document as a list"""
     return get_elements_by_attribute(
 def get_elements_by_class(class_name, html):
     """Return the content of all tags with the specified class in the passed HTML document as a list"""
     return get_elements_by_attribute(
@@ -1970,29 +461,123 @@ def get_elements_by_class(class_name, html):
         html, escape_value=False)
 
 
         html, escape_value=False)
 
 
-def get_elements_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):
+def get_elements_html_by_class(class_name, html):
+    """Return the html of all tags with the specified class in the passed HTML document as a list"""
+    return get_elements_html_by_attribute(
+        'class', r'[^\'"]*\b%s\b[^\'"]*' % re.escape(class_name),
+        html, escape_value=False)
+
+
+def get_elements_by_attribute(*args, **kwargs):
     """Return the content of the tag with the specified attribute in the passed HTML document"""
     """Return the content of the tag with the specified attribute in the passed HTML document"""
+    return [content for content, _ in get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute(*args, **kwargs)]
+
+
+def get_elements_html_by_attribute(*args, **kwargs):
+    """Return the html of the tag with the specified attribute in the passed HTML document"""
+    return [whole for _, whole in get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute(*args, **kwargs)]
+
+
+def get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute(attribute, value, html, escape_value=True):
+    """
+    Return the text (content) and the html (whole) of the tag with the specified
+    attribute in the passed HTML document
+    """
+
+    value_quote_optional = '' if re.match(r'''[\s"'`=<>]''', value) else '?'
 
     value = re.escape(value) if escape_value else value
 
 
     value = re.escape(value) if escape_value else value
 
-    retlist = []
-    for m in re.finditer(r'''(?xs)
-        <([a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+)
-         (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*|="[^"]*"|='[^']*'|))*?
-         \s+%s=['"]?%s['"]?
-         (?:\s+[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+(?:=[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]*|="[^"]*"|='[^']*'|))*?
-        \s*>
-        (?P<content>.*?)
-        </\1>
-    ''' % (re.escape(attribute), value), html):
-        res = m.group('content')
+    partial_element_re = r'''(?x)
+        <(?P<tag>[a-zA-Z0-9:._-]+)
+         (?:\s(?:[^>"']|"[^"]*"|'[^']*')*)?
+         \s%(attribute)s\s*=\s*(?P<_q>['"]%(vqo)s)(?-x:%(value)s)(?P=_q)
+        ''' % {'attribute': re.escape(attribute), 'value': value, 'vqo': value_quote_optional}
+
+    for m in re.finditer(partial_element_re, html):
+        content, whole = get_element_text_and_html_by_tag(m.group('tag'), html[m.start():])
+
+        yield (
+            unescapeHTML(re.sub(r'^(?P<q>["\'])(?P<content>.*)(?P=q)$', r'\g<content>', content, flags=re.DOTALL)),
+            whole
+        )
+
+
+class HTMLBreakOnClosingTagParser(compat_HTMLParser):
+    """
+    HTML parser which raises HTMLBreakOnClosingTagException upon reaching the
+    closing tag for the first opening tag it has encountered, and can be used
+    as a context manager
+    """
+
+    class HTMLBreakOnClosingTagException(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.tagstack = collections.deque()
+        compat_HTMLParser.__init__(self)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *_):
+        self.close()
 
 
-        if res.startswith('"') or res.startswith("'"):
-            res = res[1:-1]
+    def close(self):
+        # handle_endtag does not return upon raising HTMLBreakOnClosingTagException,
+        # so data remains buffered; we no longer have any interest in it, thus
+        # override this method to discard it
+        pass
 
 
-        retlist.append(unescapeHTML(res))
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag, _):
+        self.tagstack.append(tag)
 
 
-    return retlist
+    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
+        if not self.tagstack:
+            raise compat_HTMLParseError('no tags in the stack')
+        while self.tagstack:
+            inner_tag = self.tagstack.pop()
+            if inner_tag == tag:
+                break
+        else:
+            raise compat_HTMLParseError(f'matching opening tag for closing {tag} tag not found')
+        if not self.tagstack:
+            raise self.HTMLBreakOnClosingTagException()
+
+
+def get_element_text_and_html_by_tag(tag, html):
+    """
+    For the first element with the specified tag in the passed HTML document
+    return its' content (text) and the whole element (html)
+    """
+    def find_or_raise(haystack, needle, exc):
+        try:
+            return haystack.index(needle)
+        except ValueError:
+            raise exc
+    closing_tag = f'</{tag}>'
+    whole_start = find_or_raise(
+        html, f'<{tag}', compat_HTMLParseError(f'opening {tag} tag not found'))
+    content_start = find_or_raise(
+        html[whole_start:], '>', compat_HTMLParseError(f'malformed opening {tag} tag'))
+    content_start += whole_start + 1
+    with HTMLBreakOnClosingTagParser() as parser:
+        parser.feed(html[whole_start:content_start])
+        if not parser.tagstack or parser.tagstack[0] != tag:
+            raise compat_HTMLParseError(f'parser did not match opening {tag} tag')
+        offset = content_start
+        while offset < len(html):
+            next_closing_tag_start = find_or_raise(
+                html[offset:], closing_tag,
+                compat_HTMLParseError(f'closing {tag} tag not found'))
+            next_closing_tag_end = next_closing_tag_start + len(closing_tag)
+            try:
+                parser.feed(html[offset:offset + next_closing_tag_end])
+                offset += next_closing_tag_end
+            except HTMLBreakOnClosingTagParser.HTMLBreakOnClosingTagException:
+                return html[content_start:offset + next_closing_tag_start], \
+                    html[whole_start:offset + next_closing_tag_end]
+        raise compat_HTMLParseError('unexpected end of html')
 
 
 class HTMLAttributeParser(compat_HTMLParser):
 
 
 class HTMLAttributeParser(compat_HTMLParser):
@@ -2006,6 +591,23 @@ def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
         self.attrs = dict(attrs)
 
 
         self.attrs = dict(attrs)
 
 
+class HTMLListAttrsParser(compat_HTMLParser):
+    """HTML parser to gather the attributes for the elements of a list"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        compat_HTMLParser.__init__(self)
+        self.items = []
+        self._level = 0
+
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
+        if tag == 'li' and self._level == 0:
+            self.items.append(dict(attrs))
+        self._level += 1
+
+    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
+        self._level -= 1
+
+
 def extract_attributes(html_element):
     """Given a string for an HTML element such as
     <el
 def extract_attributes(html_element):
     """Given a string for an HTML element such as
     <el
@@ -2032,16 +634,24 @@ def extract_attributes(html_element):
     return parser.attrs
 
 
     return parser.attrs
 
 
+def parse_list(webpage):
+    """Given a string for an series of HTML <li> elements,
+    return a dictionary of their attributes"""
+    parser = HTMLListAttrsParser()
+    parser.feed(webpage)
+    parser.close()
+    return parser.items
+
+
 def clean_html(html):
     """Clean an HTML snippet into a readable string"""
 
     if html is None:  # Convenience for sanitizing descriptions etc.
         return html
 
 def clean_html(html):
     """Clean an HTML snippet into a readable string"""
 
     if html is None:  # Convenience for sanitizing descriptions etc.
         return html
 
-    # Newline vs <br />
-    html = html.replace('\n', ' ')
-    html = re.sub(r'(?u)\s*<\s*br\s*/?\s*>\s*', '\n', html)
-    html = re.sub(r'(?u)<\s*/\s*p\s*>\s*<\s*p[^>]*>', '\n', html)
+    html = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', html)
+    html = re.sub(r'(?u)\s?<\s?br\s?/?\s?>\s?', '\n', html)
+    html = re.sub(r'(?u)<\s?/\s?p\s?>\s?<\s?p[^>]*>', '\n', html)
     # Strip html tags
     html = re.sub('<.*?>', '', html)
     # Replace html entities
     # Strip html tags
     html = re.sub('<.*?>', '', html)
     # Replace html entities
@@ -2065,7 +675,7 @@ def sanitize_open(filename, open_mode):
                 import msvcrt
                 msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
             return (sys.stdout.buffer if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer') else sys.stdout, filename)
                 import msvcrt
                 msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), os.O_BINARY)
             return (sys.stdout.buffer if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer') else sys.stdout, filename)
-        stream = open(encodeFilename(filename), open_mode)
+        stream = locked_file(filename, open_mode, block=False).open()
         return (stream, filename)
     except (IOError, OSError) as err:
         if err.errno in (errno.EACCES,):
         return (stream, filename)
     except (IOError, OSError) as err:
         if err.errno in (errno.EACCES,):
@@ -2077,7 +687,7 @@ def sanitize_open(filename, open_mode):
             raise
         else:
             # An exception here should be caught in the caller
             raise
         else:
             # An exception here should be caught in the caller
-            stream = open(encodeFilename(alt_filename), open_mode)
+            stream = locked_file(filename, open_mode, block=False).open()
             return (stream, alt_filename)
 
 
             return (stream, alt_filename)
 
 
@@ -2272,6 +882,20 @@ def process_communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs):
         raise
 
 
         raise
 
 
+class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        _startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()
+        _startupinfo.dwFlags |= subprocess.STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
+    else:
+        _startupinfo = None
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super(Popen, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs, startupinfo=self._startupinfo)
+
+    def communicate_or_kill(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return process_communicate_or_kill(self, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
 def get_subprocess_encoding():
     if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 5:
         # For subprocess calls, encode with locale encoding
 def get_subprocess_encoding():
     if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 5:
         # For subprocess calls, encode with locale encoding
@@ -2342,14 +966,25 @@ def decodeOption(optval):
     return optval
 
 
     return optval
 
 
+_timetuple = collections.namedtuple('Time', ('hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', 'milliseconds'))
+
+
+def timetuple_from_msec(msec):
+    secs, msec = divmod(msec, 1000)
+    mins, secs = divmod(secs, 60)
+    hrs, mins = divmod(mins, 60)
+    return _timetuple(hrs, mins, secs, msec)
+
+
 def formatSeconds(secs, delim=':', msec=False):
 def formatSeconds(secs, delim=':', msec=False):
-    if secs > 3600:
-        ret = '%d%s%02d%s%02d' % (secs // 3600, delim, (secs % 3600) // 60, delim, secs % 60)
-    elif secs > 60:
-        ret = '%d%s%02d' % (secs // 60, delim, secs % 60)
+    time = timetuple_from_msec(secs * 1000)
+    if time.hours:
+        ret = '%d%s%02d%s%02d' % (time.hours, delim, time.minutes, delim, time.seconds)
+    elif time.minutes:
+        ret = '%d%s%02d' % (time.minutes, delim, time.seconds)
     else:
     else:
-        ret = '%d' % secs
-    return '%s.%03d' % (ret, secs % 1) if msec else ret
+        ret = '%d' % time.seconds
+    return '%s.%03d' % (ret, time.milliseconds) if msec else ret
 
 
 def _ssl_load_windows_store_certs(ssl_context, storename):
 
 
 def _ssl_load_windows_store_certs(ssl_context, storename):
@@ -2371,26 +1006,31 @@ def make_HTTPS_handler(params, **kwargs):
     opts_check_certificate = not params.get('nocheckcertificate')
     context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
     context.check_hostname = opts_check_certificate
     opts_check_certificate = not params.get('nocheckcertificate')
     context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
     context.check_hostname = opts_check_certificate
+    if params.get('legacyserverconnect'):
+        context.options |= 4  # SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT
     context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if opts_check_certificate else ssl.CERT_NONE
     if opts_check_certificate:
     context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if opts_check_certificate else ssl.CERT_NONE
     if opts_check_certificate:
-        # Work around the issue in load_default_certs when there are bad certificates. See:
-        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1060,
-        # https://bugs.python.org/issue35665, https://bugs.python.org/issue4531
-        if sys.platform == 'win32':
-            for storename in ('CA', 'ROOT'):
-                _ssl_load_windows_store_certs(context, storename)
-        context.set_default_verify_paths()
+        try:
+            context.load_default_certs()
+            # Work around the issue in load_default_certs when there are bad certificates. See:
+            # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1060,
+            # https://bugs.python.org/issue35665, https://bugs.python.org/issue45312
+        except ssl.SSLError:
+            # enum_certificates is not present in mingw python. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1151
+            if sys.platform == 'win32' and hasattr(ssl, 'enum_certificates'):
+                # Create a new context to discard any certificates that were already loaded
+                context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+                context.check_hostname, context.verify_mode = True, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+                for storename in ('CA', 'ROOT'):
+                    _ssl_load_windows_store_certs(context, storename)
+            context.set_default_verify_paths()
     return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, context=context, **kwargs)
 
 
 def bug_reports_message(before=';'):
     return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, context=context, **kwargs)
 
 
 def bug_reports_message(before=';'):
-    if ytdl_is_updateable():
-        update_cmd = 'type  yt-dlp -U  to update'
-    else:
-        update_cmd = 'see  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp  on how to update'
-    msg = 'please report this issue on  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp .'
-    msg += ' Make sure you are using the latest version; %s.' % update_cmd
-    msg += ' Be sure to call yt-dlp with the --verbose flag and include its complete output.'
+    msg = ('please report this issue on  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp , '
+           'filling out the "Broken site" issue template properly. '
+           'Confirm you are on the latest version using -U')
 
     before = before.rstrip()
     if not before or before.endswith(('.', '!', '?')):
 
     before = before.rstrip()
     if not before or before.endswith(('.', '!', '?')):
@@ -2401,7 +1041,14 @@ def bug_reports_message(before=';'):
 
 class YoutubeDLError(Exception):
     """Base exception for YoutubeDL errors."""
 
 class YoutubeDLError(Exception):
     """Base exception for YoutubeDL errors."""
-    pass
+    msg = None
+
+    def __init__(self, msg=None):
+        if msg is not None:
+            self.msg = msg
+        elif self.msg is None:
+            self.msg = type(self).__name__
+        super().__init__(self.msg)
 
 
 network_exceptions = [compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error]
 
 
 network_exceptions = [compat_urllib_error.URLError, compat_http_client.HTTPException, socket.error]
@@ -2420,7 +1067,7 @@ def __init__(self, msg, tb=None, expected=False, cause=None, video_id=None, ie=N
         if sys.exc_info()[0] in network_exceptions:
             expected = True
 
         if sys.exc_info()[0] in network_exceptions:
             expected = True
 
-        self.msg = str(msg)
+        self.orig_msg = str(msg)
         self.traceback = tb
         self.expected = expected
         self.cause = cause
         self.traceback = tb
         self.expected = expected
         self.cause = cause
@@ -2431,14 +1078,15 @@ def __init__(self, msg, tb=None, expected=False, cause=None, video_id=None, ie=N
         super(ExtractorError, self).__init__(''.join((
             format_field(ie, template='[%s] '),
             format_field(video_id, template='%s: '),
         super(ExtractorError, self).__init__(''.join((
             format_field(ie, template='[%s] '),
             format_field(video_id, template='%s: '),
-            self.msg,
+            msg,
             format_field(cause, template=' (caused by %r)'),
             '' if expected else bug_reports_message())))
 
     def format_traceback(self):
             format_field(cause, template=' (caused by %r)'),
             '' if expected else bug_reports_message())))
 
     def format_traceback(self):
-        if self.traceback is None:
-            return None
-        return ''.join(traceback.format_tb(self.traceback))
+        return join_nonempty(
+            self.traceback and ''.join(traceback.format_tb(self.traceback)),
+            self.cause and ''.join(traceback.format_exception(self.cause)[1:]),
+            delim='\n') or None
 
 
 class UnsupportedError(ExtractorError):
 
 
 class UnsupportedError(ExtractorError):
@@ -2460,9 +1108,9 @@ class GeoRestrictedError(ExtractorError):
     geographic location due to geographic restrictions imposed by a website.
     """
 
     geographic location due to geographic restrictions imposed by a website.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg, countries=None):
-        super(GeoRestrictedError, self).__init__(msg, expected=True)
-        self.msg = msg
+    def __init__(self, msg, countries=None, **kwargs):
+        kwargs['expected'] = True
+        super(GeoRestrictedError, self).__init__(msg, **kwargs)
         self.countries = countries
 
 
         self.countries = countries
 
 
@@ -2486,7 +1134,7 @@ class EntryNotInPlaylist(YoutubeDLError):
     This exception will be thrown by YoutubeDL when a requested entry
     is not found in the playlist info_dict
     """
     This exception will be thrown by YoutubeDL when a requested entry
     is not found in the playlist info_dict
     """
-    pass
+    msg = 'Entry not found in info'
 
 
 class SameFileError(YoutubeDLError):
 
 
 class SameFileError(YoutubeDLError):
@@ -2495,7 +1143,12 @@ class SameFileError(YoutubeDLError):
     This exception will be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they detect
     multiple files would have to be downloaded to the same file on disk.
     """
     This exception will be thrown by FileDownloader objects if they detect
     multiple files would have to be downloaded to the same file on disk.
     """
-    pass
+    msg = 'Fixed output name but more than one file to download'
+
+    def __init__(self, filename=None):
+        if filename is not None:
+            self.msg += f': {filename}'
+        super().__init__(self.msg)
 
 
 class PostProcessingError(YoutubeDLError):
 
 
 class PostProcessingError(YoutubeDLError):
@@ -2505,29 +1158,41 @@ class PostProcessingError(YoutubeDLError):
     indicate an error in the postprocessing task.
     """
 
     indicate an error in the postprocessing task.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, msg):
-        super(PostProcessingError, self).__init__(msg)
-        self.msg = msg
 
 
+class DownloadCancelled(YoutubeDLError):
+    """ Exception raised when the download queue should be interrupted """
+    msg = 'The download was cancelled'
 
 
-class ExistingVideoReached(YoutubeDLError):
-    """ --max-downloads limit has been reached. """
-    pass
+
+class ExistingVideoReached(DownloadCancelled):
+    """ --break-on-existing triggered """
+    msg = 'Encountered a video that is already in the archive, stopping due to --break-on-existing'
 
 
 
 
-class RejectedVideoReached(YoutubeDLError):
+class RejectedVideoReached(DownloadCancelled):
+    """ --break-on-reject triggered """
+    msg = 'Encountered a video that did not match filter, stopping due to --break-on-reject'
+
+
+class MaxDownloadsReached(DownloadCancelled):
     """ --max-downloads limit has been reached. """
     """ --max-downloads limit has been reached. """
-    pass
+    msg = 'Maximum number of downloads reached, stopping due to --max-downloads'
 
 
 
 
-class ThrottledDownload(YoutubeDLError):
-    """ Download speed below --throttled-rate. """
-    pass
+class ReExtractInfo(YoutubeDLError):
+    """ Video info needs to be re-extracted. """
 
 
+    def __init__(self, msg, expected=False):
+        super().__init__(msg)
+        self.expected = expected
 
 
-class MaxDownloadsReached(YoutubeDLError):
-    """ --max-downloads limit has been reached. """
-    pass
+
+class ThrottledDownload(ReExtractInfo):
+    """ Download speed below --throttled-rate. """
+    msg = 'The download speed is below throttle limit'
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(self.msg, expected=False)
 
 
 class UnavailableVideoError(YoutubeDLError):
 
 
 class UnavailableVideoError(YoutubeDLError):
@@ -2536,7 +1201,12 @@ class UnavailableVideoError(YoutubeDLError):
     This exception will be thrown when a video is requested
     in a format that is not available for that video.
     """
     This exception will be thrown when a video is requested
     in a format that is not available for that video.
     """
-    pass
+    msg = 'Unable to download video'
+
+    def __init__(self, err=None):
+        if err is not None:
+            self.msg += f': {err}'
+        super().__init__(self.msg)
 
 
 class ContentTooShortError(YoutubeDLError):
 
 
 class ContentTooShortError(YoutubeDLError):
@@ -2694,6 +1364,12 @@ def deflate(data):
         except zlib.error:
             return zlib.decompress(data)
 
         except zlib.error:
             return zlib.decompress(data)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def brotli(data):
+        if not data:
+            return data
+        return compat_brotli.decompress(data)
+
     def http_request(self, req):
         # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not
         # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded
     def http_request(self, req):
         # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not
         # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded
@@ -2710,7 +1386,7 @@ def http_request(self, req):
         if url != url_escaped:
             req = update_Request(req, url=url_escaped)
 
         if url != url_escaped:
             req = update_Request(req, url=url_escaped)
 
-        for h, v in std_headers.items():
+        for h, v in self._params.get('http_headers', std_headers).items():
             # Capitalize is needed because of Python bug 2275: http://bugs.python.org/issue2275
             # The dict keys are capitalized because of this bug by urllib
             if h.capitalize() not in req.headers:
             # Capitalize is needed because of Python bug 2275: http://bugs.python.org/issue2275
             # The dict keys are capitalized because of this bug by urllib
             if h.capitalize() not in req.headers:
@@ -2754,6 +1430,12 @@ def http_response(self, req, resp):
             resp = compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
             resp.msg = old_resp.msg
             del resp.headers['Content-encoding']
             resp = compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
             resp.msg = old_resp.msg
             del resp.headers['Content-encoding']
+        # brotli
+        if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'br':
+            resp = compat_urllib_request.addinfourl(
+                io.BytesIO(self.brotli(resp.read())), old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
+            resp.msg = old_resp.msg
+            del resp.headers['Content-encoding']
         # Percent-encode redirect URL of Location HTTP header to satisfy RFC 3986 (see
         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6457).
         if 300 <= resp.code < 400:
         # Percent-encode redirect URL of Location HTTP header to satisfy RFC 3986 (see
         # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6457).
         if 300 <= resp.code < 400:
@@ -3173,7 +1855,7 @@ def subtitles_filename(filename, sub_lang, sub_format, expected_real_ext=None):
 def datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='auto', format='%Y%m%d'):
     """
     Return a datetime object from a string in the format YYYYMMDD or
 def datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='auto', format='%Y%m%d'):
     """
     Return a datetime object from a string in the format YYYYMMDD or
-    (now|today|date)[+-][0-9](microsecond|second|minute|hour|day|week|month|year)(s)?
+    (now|today|yesterday|date)[+-][0-9](microsecond|second|minute|hour|day|week|month|year)(s)?
 
     format: string date format used to return datetime object from
     precision: round the time portion of a datetime object.
 
     format: string date format used to return datetime object from
     precision: round the time portion of a datetime object.
@@ -3184,7 +1866,7 @@ def datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='auto', format='%Y%m%d'):
     if precision == 'auto':
         auto_precision = True
         precision = 'microsecond'
     if precision == 'auto':
         auto_precision = True
         precision = 'microsecond'
-    today = datetime_round(datetime.datetime.now(), precision)
+    today = datetime_round(datetime.datetime.utcnow(), precision)
     if date_str in ('now', 'today'):
         return today
     if date_str == 'yesterday':
     if date_str in ('now', 'today'):
         return today
     if date_str == 'yesterday':
@@ -3212,13 +1894,17 @@ def datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='auto', format='%Y%m%d'):
     return datetime_round(datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, format), precision)
 
 
     return datetime_round(datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, format), precision)
 
 
-def date_from_str(date_str, format='%Y%m%d'):
+def date_from_str(date_str, format='%Y%m%d', strict=False):
     """
     Return a datetime object from a string in the format YYYYMMDD or
     """
     Return a datetime object from a string in the format YYYYMMDD or
-    (now|today|date)[+-][0-9](microsecond|second|minute|hour|day|week|month|year)(s)?
+    (now|today|yesterday|date)[+-][0-9](microsecond|second|minute|hour|day|week|month|year)(s)?
+
+    If "strict", only (now|today)[+-][0-9](day|week|month|year)(s)? is allowed
 
     format: string date format used to return datetime object from
     """
 
     format: string date format used to return datetime object from
     """
+    if strict and not re.fullmatch(r'\d{8}|(now|today)[+-]\d+(day|week|month|year)(s)?', date_str):
+        raise ValueError(f'Invalid date format {date_str}')
     return datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='microsecond', format=format).date()
 
 
     return datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='microsecond', format=format).date()
 
 
@@ -3265,11 +1951,11 @@ class DateRange(object):
     def __init__(self, start=None, end=None):
         """start and end must be strings in the format accepted by date"""
         if start is not None:
     def __init__(self, start=None, end=None):
         """start and end must be strings in the format accepted by date"""
         if start is not None:
-            self.start = date_from_str(start)
+            self.start = date_from_str(start, strict=True)
         else:
             self.start = datetime.datetime.min.date()
         if end is not None:
         else:
             self.start = datetime.datetime.min.date()
         if end is not None:
-            self.end = date_from_str(end)
+            self.end = date_from_str(end, strict=True)
         else:
             self.end = datetime.datetime.max.date()
         if self.start > self.end:
         else:
             self.end = datetime.datetime.max.date()
         if self.start > self.end:
@@ -3313,7 +1999,6 @@ def _windows_write_string(s, out):
     False if it has yet to be written out."""
     # Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/3259271/35070
 
     False if it has yet to be written out."""
     # Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/3259271/35070
 
-    import ctypes
     import ctypes.wintypes
 
     WIN_OUTPUT_IDS = {
     import ctypes.wintypes
 
     WIN_OUTPUT_IDS = {
@@ -3457,38 +2142,52 @@ class OVERLAPPED(ctypes.Structure):
     whole_low = 0xffffffff
     whole_high = 0x7fffffff
 
     whole_low = 0xffffffff
     whole_high = 0x7fffffff
 
-    def _lock_file(f, exclusive):
+    def _lock_file(f, exclusive, block):
         overlapped = OVERLAPPED()
         overlapped.Offset = 0
         overlapped.OffsetHigh = 0
         overlapped.hEvent = 0
         f._lock_file_overlapped_p = ctypes.pointer(overlapped)
         overlapped = OVERLAPPED()
         overlapped.Offset = 0
         overlapped.OffsetHigh = 0
         overlapped.hEvent = 0
         f._lock_file_overlapped_p = ctypes.pointer(overlapped)
-        handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno())
-        if not LockFileEx(handle, 0x2 if exclusive else 0x0, 0,
-                          whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):
-            raise OSError('Locking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
+
+        if not LockFileEx(msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno()),
+                          (0x2 if exclusive else 0x0) | (0x0 if block else 0x1),
+                          0, whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):
+            raise BlockingIOError('Locking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
 
     def _unlock_file(f):
         assert f._lock_file_overlapped_p
         handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno())
 
     def _unlock_file(f):
         assert f._lock_file_overlapped_p
         handle = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(f.fileno())
-        if not UnlockFileEx(handle, 0,
-                            whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):
+        if not UnlockFileEx(handle, 0, whole_low, whole_high, f._lock_file_overlapped_p):
             raise OSError('Unlocking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
 
 else:
             raise OSError('Unlocking file failed: %r' % ctypes.FormatError())
 
 else:
-    # Some platforms, such as Jython, is missing fcntl
     try:
         import fcntl
 
     try:
         import fcntl
 
-        def _lock_file(f, exclusive):
-            fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX if exclusive else fcntl.LOCK_SH)
+        def _lock_file(f, exclusive, block):
+            try:
+                fcntl.flock(f,
+                            fcntl.LOCK_SH if not exclusive
+                            else fcntl.LOCK_EX if block
+                            else fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
+            except BlockingIOError:
+                raise
+            except OSError:  # AOSP does not have flock()
+                fcntl.lockf(f,
+                            fcntl.LOCK_SH if not exclusive
+                            else fcntl.LOCK_EX if block
+                            else fcntl.LOCK_EX | fcntl.LOCK_NB)
 
         def _unlock_file(f):
 
         def _unlock_file(f):
-            fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+            try:
+                fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+            except OSError:
+                fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+
     except ImportError:
         UNSUPPORTED_MSG = 'file locking is not supported on this platform'
 
     except ImportError:
         UNSUPPORTED_MSG = 'file locking is not supported on this platform'
 
-        def _lock_file(f, exclusive):
+        def _lock_file(f, exclusive, block):
             raise IOError(UNSUPPORTED_MSG)
 
         def _unlock_file(f):
             raise IOError(UNSUPPORTED_MSG)
 
         def _unlock_file(f):
@@ -3496,15 +2195,18 @@ def _unlock_file(f):
 
 
 class locked_file(object):
 
 
 class locked_file(object):
-    def __init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=None):
-        assert mode in ['r', 'a', 'w']
+    _closed = False
+
+    def __init__(self, filename, mode, block=True, encoding=None):
+        assert mode in ['r', 'rb', 'a', 'ab', 'w', 'wb']
         self.f = io.open(filename, mode, encoding=encoding)
         self.mode = mode
         self.f = io.open(filename, mode, encoding=encoding)
         self.mode = mode
+        self.block = block
 
     def __enter__(self):
 
     def __enter__(self):
-        exclusive = self.mode != 'r'
+        exclusive = 'r' not in self.mode
         try:
         try:
-            _lock_file(self.f, exclusive)
+            _lock_file(self.f, exclusive, self.block)
         except IOError:
             self.f.close()
             raise
         except IOError:
             self.f.close()
             raise
@@ -3512,9 +2214,11 @@ def __enter__(self):
 
     def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
         try:
 
     def __exit__(self, etype, value, traceback):
         try:
-            _unlock_file(self.f)
+            if not self._closed:
+                _unlock_file(self.f)
         finally:
             self.f.close()
         finally:
             self.f.close()
+            self._closed = True
 
     def __iter__(self):
         return iter(self.f)
 
     def __iter__(self):
         return iter(self.f)
@@ -3525,6 +2229,15 @@ def write(self, *args):
     def read(self, *args):
         return self.f.read(*args)
 
     def read(self, *args):
         return self.f.read(*args)
 
+    def flush(self):
+        self.f.flush()
+
+    def open(self):
+        return self.__enter__()
+
+    def close(self, *args):
+        self.__exit__(self, *args, value=False, traceback=False)
+
 
 def get_filesystem_encoding():
     encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
 
 def get_filesystem_encoding():
     encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
@@ -3561,18 +2274,21 @@ def unsmuggle_url(smug_url, default=None):
     return url, data
 
 
     return url, data
 
 
+def format_decimal_suffix(num, fmt='%d%s', *, factor=1000):
+    """ Formats numbers with decimal sufixes like K, M, etc """
+    num, factor = float_or_none(num), float(factor)
+    if num is None or num < 0:
+        return None
+    exponent = 0 if num == 0 else int(math.log(num, factor))
+    suffix = ['', *'kMGTPEZY'][exponent]
+    if factor == 1024:
+        suffix = {'k': 'Ki', '': ''}.get(suffix, f'{suffix}i')
+    converted = num / (factor ** exponent)
+    return fmt % (converted, suffix)
+
+
 def format_bytes(bytes):
 def format_bytes(bytes):
-    if bytes is None:
-        return 'N/A'
-    if type(bytes) is str:
-        bytes = float(bytes)
-    if bytes == 0.0:
-        exponent = 0
-    else:
-        exponent = int(math.log(bytes, 1024.0))
-    suffix = ['B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB', 'EiB', 'ZiB', 'YiB'][exponent]
-    converted = float(bytes) / float(1024 ** exponent)
-    return '%.2f%s' % (converted, suffix)
+    return format_decimal_suffix(bytes, '%.2f%sB', factor=1024) or 'N/A'
 
 
 def lookup_unit_table(unit_table, s):
 
 
 def lookup_unit_table(unit_table, s):
@@ -3661,7 +2377,7 @@ def parse_count(s):
     if s is None:
         return None
 
     if s is None:
         return None
 
-    s = s.strip()
+    s = re.sub(r'^[^\d]+\s', '', s).strip()
 
     if re.match(r'^[\d,.]+$', s):
         return str_to_int(s)
 
     if re.match(r'^[\d,.]+$', s):
         return str_to_int(s)
@@ -3673,23 +2389,31 @@ def parse_count(s):
         'M': 1000 ** 2,
         'kk': 1000 ** 2,
         'KK': 1000 ** 2,
         'M': 1000 ** 2,
         'kk': 1000 ** 2,
         'KK': 1000 ** 2,
+        'b': 1000 ** 3,
+        'B': 1000 ** 3,
     }
 
     }
 
-    return lookup_unit_table(_UNIT_TABLE, s)
+    ret = lookup_unit_table(_UNIT_TABLE, s)
+    if ret is not None:
+        return ret
+
+    mobj = re.match(r'([\d,.]+)(?:$|\s)', s)
+    if mobj:
+        return str_to_int(mobj.group(1))
 
 
 def parse_resolution(s):
     if s is None:
         return {}
 
 
 
 def parse_resolution(s):
     if s is None:
         return {}
 
-    mobj = re.search(r'\b(?P<w>\d+)\s*[xX×]\s*(?P<h>\d+)\b', s)
+    mobj = re.search(r'(?<![a-zA-Z0-9])(?P<w>\d+)\s*[xX×,]\s*(?P<h>\d+)(?![a-zA-Z0-9])', s)
     if mobj:
         return {
             'width': int(mobj.group('w')),
             'height': int(mobj.group('h')),
         }
 
     if mobj:
         return {
             'width': int(mobj.group('w')),
             'height': int(mobj.group('h')),
         }
 
-    mobj = re.search(r'\b(\d+)[pPiI]\b', s)
+    mobj = re.search(r'(?<![a-zA-Z0-9])(\d+)[pPiI](?![a-zA-Z0-9])', s)
     if mobj:
         return {'height': int(mobj.group(1))}
 
     if mobj:
         return {'height': int(mobj.group(1))}
 
@@ -3820,16 +2544,11 @@ def get_method(self):
 
 
 def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1):
 
 
 def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1):
-    if get_attr:
-        if v is not None:
-            v = getattr(v, get_attr, None)
-    if v == '':
-        v = None
-    if v is None:
-        return default
+    if get_attr and v is not None:
+        v = getattr(v, get_attr, None)
     try:
         return int(v) * invscale // scale
     try:
         return int(v) * invscale // scale
-    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+    except (ValueError, TypeError, OverflowError):
         return default
 
 
         return default
 
 
@@ -3870,6 +2589,13 @@ def url_or_none(url):
     return url if re.match(r'^(?:(?:https?|rt(?:m(?:pt?[es]?|fp)|sp[su]?)|mms|ftps?):)?//', url) else None
 
 
     return url if re.match(r'^(?:(?:https?|rt(?:m(?:pt?[es]?|fp)|sp[su]?)|mms|ftps?):)?//', url) else None
 
 
+def request_to_url(req):
+    if isinstance(req, compat_urllib_request.Request):
+        return req.get_full_url()
+    else:
+        return req
+
+
 def strftime_or_none(timestamp, date_format, default=None):
     datetime_object = None
     try:
 def strftime_or_none(timestamp, date_format, default=None):
     datetime_object = None
     try:
@@ -3885,13 +2611,19 @@ def strftime_or_none(timestamp, date_format, default=None):
 def parse_duration(s):
     if not isinstance(s, compat_basestring):
         return None
 def parse_duration(s):
     if not isinstance(s, compat_basestring):
         return None
-
     s = s.strip()
     s = s.strip()
+    if not s:
+        return None
 
     days, hours, mins, secs, ms = [None] * 5
 
     days, hours, mins, secs, ms = [None] * 5
-    m = re.match(r'(?:(?:(?:(?P<days>[0-9]+):)?(?P<hours>[0-9]+):)?(?P<mins>[0-9]+):)?(?P<secs>[0-9]+)(?P<ms>\.[0-9]+)?Z?$', s)
+    m = re.match(r'''(?x)
+            (?P<before_secs>
+                (?:(?:(?P<days>[0-9]+):)?(?P<hours>[0-9]+):)?(?P<mins>[0-9]+):)?
+            (?P<secs>(?(before_secs)[0-9]{1,2}|[0-9]+))
+            (?P<ms>[.:][0-9]+)?Z?$
+        ''', s)
     if m:
     if m:
-        days, hours, mins, secs, ms = m.groups()
+        days, hours, mins, secs, ms = m.group('days', 'hours', 'mins', 'secs', 'ms')
     else:
         m = re.match(
             r'''(?ix)(?:P?
     else:
         m = re.match(
             r'''(?ix)(?:P?
@@ -3936,7 +2668,7 @@ def parse_duration(s):
     if days:
         duration += float(days) * 24 * 60 * 60
     if ms:
     if days:
         duration += float(days) * 24 * 60 * 60
     if ms:
-        duration += float(ms)
+        duration += float(ms.replace(':', '.'))
     return duration
 
 
     return duration
 
 
@@ -3959,30 +2691,25 @@ def check_executable(exe, args=[]):
     """ Checks if the given binary is installed somewhere in PATH, and returns its name.
     args can be a list of arguments for a short output (like -version) """
     try:
     """ Checks if the given binary is installed somewhere in PATH, and returns its name.
     args can be a list of arguments for a short output (like -version) """
     try:
-        process_communicate_or_kill(subprocess.Popen(
-            [exe] + args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE))
+        Popen([exe] + args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate_or_kill()
     except OSError:
         return False
     return exe
 
 
     except OSError:
         return False
     return exe
 
 
-def get_exe_version(exe, args=['--version'],
-                    version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):
-    """ Returns the version of the specified executable,
-    or False if the executable is not present """
+def _get_exe_version_output(exe, args):
     try:
         # STDIN should be redirected too. On UNIX-like systems, ffmpeg triggers
         # SIGTTOU if yt-dlp is run in the background.
         # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/955#issuecomment-209789656
     try:
         # STDIN should be redirected too. On UNIX-like systems, ffmpeg triggers
         # SIGTTOU if yt-dlp is run in the background.
         # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/955#issuecomment-209789656
-        out, _ = process_communicate_or_kill(subprocess.Popen(
-            [encodeArgument(exe)] + args,
-            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT))
+        out, _ = Popen(
+            [encodeArgument(exe)] + args, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT).communicate_or_kill()
     except OSError:
         return False
     if isinstance(out, bytes):  # Python 2.x
         out = out.decode('ascii', 'ignore')
     except OSError:
         return False
     if isinstance(out, bytes):  # Python 2.x
         out = out.decode('ascii', 'ignore')
-    return detect_exe_version(out, version_re, unrecognized)
+    return out
 
 
 def detect_exe_version(output, version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):
 
 
 def detect_exe_version(output, version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):
@@ -3996,6 +2723,14 @@ def detect_exe_version(output, version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):
         return unrecognized
 
 
         return unrecognized
 
 
+def get_exe_version(exe, args=['--version'],
+                    version_re=None, unrecognized='present'):
+    """ Returns the version of the specified executable,
+    or False if the executable is not present """
+    out = _get_exe_version_output(exe, args)
+    return detect_exe_version(out, version_re, unrecognized) if out else False
+
+
 class LazyList(collections.abc.Sequence):
     ''' Lazy immutable list from an iterable
     Note that slices of a LazyList are lists and not LazyList'''
 class LazyList(collections.abc.Sequence):
     ''' Lazy immutable list from an iterable
     Note that slices of a LazyList are lists and not LazyList'''
@@ -4003,10 +2738,10 @@ class LazyList(collections.abc.Sequence):
     class IndexError(IndexError):
         pass
 
     class IndexError(IndexError):
         pass
 
-    def __init__(self, iterable):
+    def __init__(self, iterable, *, reverse=False, _cache=None):
         self.__iterable = iter(iterable)
         self.__iterable = iter(iterable)
-        self.__cache = []
-        self.__reversed = False
+        self.__cache = [] if _cache is None else _cache
+        self.__reversed = reverse
 
     def __iter__(self):
         if self.__reversed:
 
     def __iter__(self):
         if self.__reversed:
@@ -4020,6 +2755,8 @@ def __iter__(self):
 
     def __exhaust(self):
         self.__cache.extend(self.__iterable)
 
     def __exhaust(self):
         self.__cache.extend(self.__iterable)
+        # Discard the emptied iterable to make it pickle-able
+        self.__iterable = []
         return self.__cache
 
     def exhaust(self):
         return self.__cache
 
     def exhaust(self):
@@ -4070,9 +2807,11 @@ def __len__(self):
         self.__exhaust()
         return len(self.__cache)
 
         self.__exhaust()
         return len(self.__cache)
 
-    def reverse(self):
-        self.__reversed = not self.__reversed
-        return self
+    def __reversed__(self):
+        return type(self)(self.__iterable, reverse=not self.__reversed, _cache=self.__cache)
+
+    def __copy__(self):
+        return type(self)(self.__iterable, reverse=self.__reversed, _cache=self.__cache)
 
     def __repr__(self):
         # repr and str should mimic a list. So we exhaust the iterable
 
     def __repr__(self):
         # repr and str should mimic a list. So we exhaust the iterable
@@ -4083,6 +2822,10 @@ def __str__(self):
 
 
 class PagedList:
 
 
 class PagedList:
+
+    class IndexError(IndexError):
+        pass
+
     def __len__(self):
         # This is only useful for tests
         return len(self.getslice())
     def __len__(self):
         # This is only useful for tests
         return len(self.getslice())
@@ -4090,11 +2833,14 @@ def __len__(self):
     def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagesize, use_cache=True):
         self._pagefunc = pagefunc
         self._pagesize = pagesize
     def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagesize, use_cache=True):
         self._pagefunc = pagefunc
         self._pagesize = pagesize
+        self._pagecount = float('inf')
         self._use_cache = use_cache
         self._cache = {}
 
     def getpage(self, pagenum):
         self._use_cache = use_cache
         self._cache = {}
 
     def getpage(self, pagenum):
-        page_results = self._cache.get(pagenum) or list(self._pagefunc(pagenum))
+        page_results = self._cache.get(pagenum)
+        if page_results is None:
+            page_results = [] if pagenum > self._pagecount else list(self._pagefunc(pagenum))
         if self._use_cache:
             self._cache[pagenum] = page_results
         return page_results
         if self._use_cache:
             self._cache[pagenum] = page_results
         return page_results
@@ -4106,11 +2852,13 @@ def _getslice(self, start, end):
         raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
 
     def __getitem__(self, idx):
         raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
 
     def __getitem__(self, idx):
-        # NOTE: cache must be enabled if this is used
+        assert self._use_cache, 'Indexing PagedList requires cache'
         if not isinstance(idx, int) or idx < 0:
             raise TypeError('indices must be non-negative integers')
         entries = self.getslice(idx, idx + 1)
         if not isinstance(idx, int) or idx < 0:
             raise TypeError('indices must be non-negative integers')
         entries = self.getslice(idx, idx + 1)
-        return entries[0] if entries else None
+        if not entries:
+            raise self.IndexError()
+        return entries[0]
 
 
 class OnDemandPagedList(PagedList):
 
 
 class OnDemandPagedList(PagedList):
@@ -4130,7 +2878,11 @@ def _getslice(self, start, end):
                 if (end is not None and firstid <= end <= nextfirstid)
                 else None)
 
                 if (end is not None and firstid <= end <= nextfirstid)
                 else None)
 
-            page_results = self.getpage(pagenum)
+            try:
+                page_results = self.getpage(pagenum)
+            except Exception:
+                self._pagecount = pagenum - 1
+                raise
             if startv != 0 or endv is not None:
                 page_results = page_results[startv:endv]
             yield from page_results
             if startv != 0 or endv is not None:
                 page_results = page_results[startv:endv]
             yield from page_results
@@ -4150,13 +2902,12 @@ def _getslice(self, start, end):
 
 class InAdvancePagedList(PagedList):
     def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagecount, pagesize):
 
 class InAdvancePagedList(PagedList):
     def __init__(self, pagefunc, pagecount, pagesize):
-        self._pagecount = pagecount
         PagedList.__init__(self, pagefunc, pagesize, True)
         PagedList.__init__(self, pagefunc, pagesize, True)
+        self._pagecount = pagecount
 
     def _getslice(self, start, end):
         start_page = start // self._pagesize
 
     def _getslice(self, start, end):
         start_page = start // self._pagesize
-        end_page = (
-            self._pagecount if end is None else (end // self._pagesize + 1))
+        end_page = self._pagecount if end is None else min(self._pagecount, end // self._pagesize + 1)
         skip_elems = start - start_page * self._pagesize
         only_more = None if end is None else end - start
         for pagenum in range(start_page, end_page):
         skip_elems = start - start_page * self._pagesize
         only_more = None if end is None else end - start
         for pagenum in range(start_page, end_page):
@@ -4439,6 +3190,8 @@ def fix_kv(m):
 
         return '"%s"' % v
 
 
         return '"%s"' % v
 
+    code = re.sub(r'new Date\((".+")\)', r'\g<1>', code)
+
     return re.sub(r'''(?sx)
         "(?:[^"\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^"\\]*"|
         '(?:[^'\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^'\\]*'|
     return re.sub(r'''(?sx)
         "(?:[^"\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^"\\]*"|
         '(?:[^'\\]*(?:\\\\|\\['"nurtbfx/\n]))*[^'\\]*'|
@@ -4460,6 +3213,9 @@ def q(qid):
     return q
 
 
     return q
 
 
+POSTPROCESS_WHEN = {'pre_process', 'after_filter', 'before_dl', 'after_move', 'post_process', 'after_video', 'playlist'}
+
+
 DEFAULT_OUTTMPL = {
     'default': '%(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s',
     'chapter': '%(title)s - %(section_number)03d %(section_title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s',
 DEFAULT_OUTTMPL = {
     'default': '%(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s',
     'chapter': '%(title)s - %(section_number)03d %(section_title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s',
@@ -4471,6 +3227,8 @@ def q(qid):
     'description': 'description',
     'annotation': 'annotations.xml',
     'infojson': 'info.json',
     'description': 'description',
     'annotation': 'annotations.xml',
     'infojson': 'info.json',
+    'link': None,
+    'pl_video': None,
     'pl_thumbnail': None,
     'pl_description': 'description',
     'pl_infojson': 'info.json',
     'pl_thumbnail': None,
     'pl_description': 'description',
     'pl_infojson': 'info.json',
@@ -4521,11 +3279,10 @@ def is_outdated_version(version, limit, assume_new=True):
 
 def ytdl_is_updateable():
     """ Returns if yt-dlp can be updated with -U """
 
 def ytdl_is_updateable():
     """ Returns if yt-dlp can be updated with -U """
-    return False
 
 
-    from zipimport import zipimporter
+    from .update import is_non_updateable
 
 
-    return isinstance(globals().get('__loader__'), zipimporter) or hasattr(sys, 'frozen')
+    return not is_non_updateable()
 
 
 def args_to_str(args):
 
 
 def args_to_str(args):
@@ -4546,20 +3303,24 @@ def mimetype2ext(mt):
     if mt is None:
         return None
 
     if mt is None:
         return None
 
-    ext = {
+    mt, _, params = mt.partition(';')
+    mt = mt.strip()
+
+    FULL_MAP = {
         'audio/mp4': 'm4a',
         # Per RFC 3003, audio/mpeg can be .mp1, .mp2 or .mp3. Here use .mp3 as
         # it's the most popular one
         'audio/mpeg': 'mp3',
         'audio/x-wav': 'wav',
         'audio/mp4': 'm4a',
         # Per RFC 3003, audio/mpeg can be .mp1, .mp2 or .mp3. Here use .mp3 as
         # it's the most popular one
         'audio/mpeg': 'mp3',
         'audio/x-wav': 'wav',
-    }.get(mt)
+        'audio/wav': 'wav',
+        'audio/wave': 'wav',
+    }
+
+    ext = FULL_MAP.get(mt)
     if ext is not None:
         return ext
 
     if ext is not None:
         return ext
 
-    _, _, res = mt.rpartition('/')
-    res = res.split(';')[0].strip().lower()
-
-    return {
+    SUBTYPE_MAP = {
         '3gpp': '3gp',
         'smptett+xml': 'tt',
         'ttaf+xml': 'dfxp',
         '3gpp': '3gp',
         'smptett+xml': 'tt',
         'ttaf+xml': 'dfxp',
@@ -4578,7 +3339,36 @@ def mimetype2ext(mt):
         'quicktime': 'mov',
         'mp2t': 'ts',
         'x-wav': 'wav',
         'quicktime': 'mov',
         'mp2t': 'ts',
         'x-wav': 'wav',
-    }.get(res, res)
+        'filmstrip+json': 'fs',
+        'svg+xml': 'svg',
+    }
+
+    _, _, subtype = mt.rpartition('/')
+    ext = SUBTYPE_MAP.get(subtype.lower())
+    if ext is not None:
+        return ext
+
+    SUFFIX_MAP = {
+        'json': 'json',
+        'xml': 'xml',
+        'zip': 'zip',
+        'gzip': 'gz',
+    }
+
+    _, _, suffix = subtype.partition('+')
+    ext = SUFFIX_MAP.get(suffix)
+    if ext is not None:
+        return ext
+
+    return subtype.replace('+', '.')
+
+
+def ext2mimetype(ext_or_url):
+    if not ext_or_url:
+        return None
+    if '.' not in ext_or_url:
+        ext_or_url = f'file.{ext_or_url}'
+    return mimetypes.guess_type(ext_or_url)[0]
 
 
 def parse_codecs(codecs_str):
 
 
 def parse_codecs(codecs_str):
@@ -4587,27 +3377,39 @@ def parse_codecs(codecs_str):
         return {}
     split_codecs = list(filter(None, map(
         str.strip, codecs_str.strip().strip(',').split(','))))
         return {}
     split_codecs = list(filter(None, map(
         str.strip, codecs_str.strip().strip(',').split(','))))
-    vcodec, acodec = None, None
+    vcodec, acodec, tcodec, hdr = None, None, None, None
     for full_codec in split_codecs:
     for full_codec in split_codecs:
-        codec = full_codec.split('.')[0]
-        if codec in ('avc1', 'avc2', 'avc3', 'avc4', 'vp9', 'vp8', 'hev1', 'hev2', 'h263', 'h264', 'mp4v', 'hvc1', 'av01', 'theora'):
+        parts = full_codec.split('.')
+        codec = parts[0].replace('0', '')
+        if codec in ('avc1', 'avc2', 'avc3', 'avc4', 'vp9', 'vp8', 'hev1', 'hev2',
+                     'h263', 'h264', 'mp4v', 'hvc1', 'av1', 'theora', 'dvh1', 'dvhe'):
             if not vcodec:
             if not vcodec:
-                vcodec = full_codec
-        elif codec in ('mp4a', 'opus', 'vorbis', 'mp3', 'aac', 'ac-3', 'ec-3', 'eac3', 'dtsc', 'dtse', 'dtsh', 'dtsl'):
+                vcodec = '.'.join(parts[:4]) if codec in ('vp9', 'av1', 'hvc1') else full_codec
+                if codec in ('dvh1', 'dvhe'):
+                    hdr = 'DV'
+                elif codec == 'av1' and len(parts) > 3 and parts[3] == '10':
+                    hdr = 'HDR10'
+                elif full_codec.replace('0', '').startswith('vp9.2'):
+                    hdr = 'HDR10'
+        elif codec in ('flac', 'mp4a', 'opus', 'vorbis', 'mp3', 'aac', 'ac-3', 'ec-3', 'eac3', 'dtsc', 'dtse', 'dtsh', 'dtsl'):
             if not acodec:
                 acodec = full_codec
             if not acodec:
                 acodec = full_codec
+        elif codec in ('stpp', 'wvtt',):
+            if not tcodec:
+                tcodec = full_codec
         else:
             write_string('WARNING: Unknown codec %s\n' % full_codec, sys.stderr)
         else:
             write_string('WARNING: Unknown codec %s\n' % full_codec, sys.stderr)
-    if not vcodec and not acodec:
-        if len(split_codecs) == 2:
-            return {
-                'vcodec': split_codecs[0],
-                'acodec': split_codecs[1],
-            }
-    else:
+    if vcodec or acodec or tcodec:
         return {
             'vcodec': vcodec or 'none',
             'acodec': acodec or 'none',
         return {
             'vcodec': vcodec or 'none',
             'acodec': acodec or 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': hdr,
+            **({'tcodec': tcodec} if tcodec is not None else {}),
+        }
+    elif len(split_codecs) == 2:
+        return {
+            'vcodec': split_codecs[0],
+            'acodec': split_codecs[1],
         }
     return {}
 
         }
     return {}
 
@@ -4665,7 +3467,7 @@ def determine_protocol(info_dict):
     if protocol is not None:
         return protocol
 
     if protocol is not None:
         return protocol
 
-    url = info_dict['url']
+    url = sanitize_url(info_dict['url'])
     if url.startswith('rtmp'):
         return 'rtmp'
     elif url.startswith('mms'):
     if url.startswith('rtmp'):
         return 'rtmp'
     elif url.startswith('mms'):
@@ -4682,26 +3484,36 @@ def determine_protocol(info_dict):
     return compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).scheme
 
 
     return compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).scheme
 
 
-def render_table(header_row, data, delim=False, extraGap=0, hideEmpty=False):
-    """ Render a list of rows, each as a list of values """
+def render_table(header_row, data, delim=False, extra_gap=0, hide_empty=False):
+    """ Render a list of rows, each as a list of values.
+    Text after a \t will be right aligned """
+    def width(string):
+        return len(remove_terminal_sequences(string).replace('\t', ''))
 
     def get_max_lens(table):
 
     def get_max_lens(table):
-        return [max(len(compat_str(v)) for v in col) for col in zip(*table)]
+        return [max(width(str(v)) for v in col) for col in zip(*table)]
 
     def filter_using_list(row, filterArray):
 
     def filter_using_list(row, filterArray):
-        return [col for (take, col) in zip(filterArray, row) if take]
+        return [col for take, col in itertools.zip_longest(filterArray, row, fillvalue=True) if take]
 
 
-    if hideEmpty:
-        max_lens = get_max_lens(data)
-        header_row = filter_using_list(header_row, max_lens)
-        data = [filter_using_list(row, max_lens) for row in data]
+    max_lens = get_max_lens(data) if hide_empty else []
+    header_row = filter_using_list(header_row, max_lens)
+    data = [filter_using_list(row, max_lens) for row in data]
 
     table = [header_row] + data
     max_lens = get_max_lens(table)
 
     table = [header_row] + data
     max_lens = get_max_lens(table)
+    extra_gap += 1
     if delim:
     if delim:
-        table = [header_row] + [['-' * ml for ml in max_lens]] + data
-    format_str = ' '.join('%-' + compat_str(ml + extraGap) + 's' for ml in max_lens[:-1]) + ' %s'
-    return '\n'.join(format_str % tuple(row) for row in table)
+        table = [header_row, [delim * (ml + extra_gap) for ml in max_lens]] + data
+        table[1][-1] = table[1][-1][:-extra_gap * len(delim)]  # Remove extra_gap from end of delimiter
+    for row in table:
+        for pos, text in enumerate(map(str, row)):
+            if '\t' in text:
+                row[pos] = text.replace('\t', ' ' * (max_lens[pos] - width(text))) + ' ' * extra_gap
+            else:
+                row[pos] = text + ' ' * (max_lens[pos] - width(text) + extra_gap)
+    ret = '\n'.join(''.join(row).rstrip() for row in table)
+    return ret
 
 
 def _match_one(filter_part, dct, incomplete):
 
 
 def _match_one(filter_part, dct, incomplete):
@@ -4725,7 +3537,6 @@ def _match_one(filter_part, dct, incomplete):
         (?P<key>[a-z_]+)
         \s*(?P<negation>!\s*)?(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
         (?:
         (?P<key>[a-z_]+)
         \s*(?P<negation>!\s*)?(?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
         (?:
-            (?P<intval>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)|
             (?P<quote>["\'])(?P<quotedstrval>.+?)(?P=quote)|
             (?P<strval>.+?)
         )
             (?P<quote>["\'])(?P<quotedstrval>.+?)(?P=quote)|
             (?P<strval>.+?)
         )
@@ -4733,40 +3544,35 @@ def _match_one(filter_part, dct, incomplete):
         ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, COMPARISON_OPERATORS.keys())))
     m = operator_rex.search(filter_part)
     if m:
         ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, COMPARISON_OPERATORS.keys())))
     m = operator_rex.search(filter_part)
     if m:
-        unnegated_op = COMPARISON_OPERATORS[m.group('op')]
-        if m.group('negation'):
+        m = m.groupdict()
+        unnegated_op = COMPARISON_OPERATORS[m['op']]
+        if m['negation']:
             op = lambda attr, value: not unnegated_op(attr, value)
         else:
             op = unnegated_op
             op = lambda attr, value: not unnegated_op(attr, value)
         else:
             op = unnegated_op
-        actual_value = dct.get(m.group('key'))
-        if (m.group('quotedstrval') is not None
-            or m.group('strval') is not None
+        comparison_value = m['quotedstrval'] or m['strval'] or m['intval']
+        if m['quote']:
+            comparison_value = comparison_value.replace(r'\%s' % m['quote'], m['quote'])
+        actual_value = dct.get(m['key'])
+        numeric_comparison = None
+        if isinstance(actual_value, compat_numeric_types):
             # If the original field is a string and matching comparisonvalue is
             # a number we should respect the origin of the original field
             # and process comparison value as a string (see
             # If the original field is a string and matching comparisonvalue is
             # a number we should respect the origin of the original field
             # and process comparison value as a string (see
-            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11082).
-            or actual_value is not None and m.group('intval') is not None
-                and isinstance(actual_value, compat_str)):
-            comparison_value = m.group('quotedstrval') or m.group('strval') or m.group('intval')
-            quote = m.group('quote')
-            if quote is not None:
-                comparison_value = comparison_value.replace(r'\%s' % quote, quote)
-        else:
-            if m.group('op') in STRING_OPERATORS:
-                raise ValueError('Operator %s only supports string values!' % m.group('op'))
+            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/11082)
             try:
             try:
-                comparison_value = int(m.group('intval'))
+                numeric_comparison = int(comparison_value)
             except ValueError:
             except ValueError:
-                comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('intval'))
-                if comparison_value is None:
-                    comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('intval') + 'B')
-                if comparison_value is None:
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        'Invalid integer value %r in filter part %r' % (
-                            m.group('intval'), filter_part))
+                numeric_comparison = parse_filesize(comparison_value)
+                if numeric_comparison is None:
+                    numeric_comparison = parse_filesize(f'{comparison_value}B')
+                if numeric_comparison is None:
+                    numeric_comparison = parse_duration(comparison_value)
+        if numeric_comparison is not None and m['op'] in STRING_OPERATORS:
+            raise ValueError('Operator %s only supports string values!' % m['op'])
         if actual_value is None:
         if actual_value is None:
-            return incomplete or m.group('none_inclusive')
-        return op(actual_value, comparison_value)
+            return incomplete or m['none_inclusive']
+        return op(actual_value, comparison_value if numeric_comparison is None else numeric_comparison)
 
     UNARY_OPERATORS = {
         '': lambda v: (v is True) if isinstance(v, bool) else (v is not None),
 
     UNARY_OPERATORS = {
         '': lambda v: (v is True) if isinstance(v, bool) else (v is not None),
@@ -4820,7 +3626,12 @@ def parse_dfxp_time_expr(time_expr):
 
 
 def srt_subtitles_timecode(seconds):
 
 
 def srt_subtitles_timecode(seconds):
-    return '%02d:%02d:%02d,%03d' % (seconds / 3600, (seconds % 3600) / 60, seconds % 60, (seconds % 1) * 1000)
+    return '%02d:%02d:%02d,%03d' % timetuple_from_msec(seconds * 1000)
+
+
+def ass_subtitles_timecode(seconds):
+    time = timetuple_from_msec(seconds * 1000)
+    return '%01d:%02d:%02d.%02d' % (*time[:-1], time.milliseconds / 10)
 
 
 def dfxp2srt(dfxp_data):
 
 
 def dfxp2srt(dfxp_data):
@@ -6104,11 +4915,11 @@ def write_xattr(path, key, value):
                        + [encodeFilename(path, True)])
 
                 try:
                        + [encodeFilename(path, True)])
 
                 try:
-                    p = subprocess.Popen(
+                    p = Popen(
                         cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
                 except EnvironmentError as e:
                     raise XAttrMetadataError(e.errno, e.strerror)
                         cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
                 except EnvironmentError as e:
                     raise XAttrMetadataError(e.errno, e.strerror)
-                stdout, stderr = process_communicate_or_kill(p)
+                stdout, stderr = p.communicate_or_kill()
                 stderr = stderr.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
                 if p.returncode != 0:
                     raise XAttrMetadataError(p.returncode, stderr)
                 stderr = stderr.decode('utf-8', 'replace')
                 if p.returncode != 0:
                     raise XAttrMetadataError(p.returncode, stderr)
@@ -6166,6 +4977,12 @@ def random_birthday(year_field, month_field, day_field):
 Icon=text-html
 '''.lstrip()
 
 Icon=text-html
 '''.lstrip()
 
+LINK_TEMPLATES = {
+    'url': DOT_URL_LINK_TEMPLATE,
+    'desktop': DOT_DESKTOP_LINK_TEMPLATE,
+    'webloc': DOT_WEBLOC_LINK_TEMPLATE,
+}
+
 
 def iri_to_uri(iri):
     """
 
 def iri_to_uri(iri):
     """
@@ -6220,13 +5037,10 @@ def to_high_limit_path(path):
 
 
 def format_field(obj, field=None, template='%s', ignore=(None, ''), default='', func=None):
 
 
 def format_field(obj, field=None, template='%s', ignore=(None, ''), default='', func=None):
-    if field is None:
-        val = obj if obj is not None else default
-    else:
-        val = obj.get(field, default)
-    if func and val not in ignore:
-        val = func(val)
-    return template % val if val not in ignore else default
+    val = traverse_obj(obj, *variadic(field))
+    if val in ignore:
+        return default
+    return template % (func(val) if func else val)
 
 
 def clean_podcast_url(url):
 
 
 def clean_podcast_url(url):
@@ -6277,25 +5091,22 @@ def get_executable_path():
 
 
 def load_plugins(name, suffix, namespace):
 
 
 def load_plugins(name, suffix, namespace):
-    plugin_info = [None]
-    classes = []
+    classes = {}
     try:
     try:
-        plugin_info = imp.find_module(
-            name, [os.path.join(get_executable_path(), 'ytdlp_plugins')])
-        plugins = imp.load_module(name, *plugin_info)
+        plugins_spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
+            name, os.path.join(get_executable_path(), 'ytdlp_plugins', name, '__init__.py'))
+        plugins = importlib.util.module_from_spec(plugins_spec)
+        sys.modules[plugins_spec.name] = plugins
+        plugins_spec.loader.exec_module(plugins)
         for name in dir(plugins):
             if name in namespace:
                 continue
             if not name.endswith(suffix):
                 continue
             klass = getattr(plugins, name)
         for name in dir(plugins):
             if name in namespace:
                 continue
             if not name.endswith(suffix):
                 continue
             klass = getattr(plugins, name)
-            classes.append(klass)
-            namespace[name] = klass
-    except ImportError:
+            classes[name] = namespace[name] = klass
+    except FileNotFoundError:
         pass
         pass
-    finally:
-        if plugin_info[0] is not None:
-            plugin_info[0].close()
     return classes
 
 
     return classes
 
 
@@ -6305,9 +5116,12 @@ def traverse_obj(
     ''' Traverse nested list/dict/tuple
     @param path_list        A list of paths which are checked one by one.
                             Each path is a list of keys where each key is a string,
     ''' Traverse nested list/dict/tuple
     @param path_list        A list of paths which are checked one by one.
                             Each path is a list of keys where each key is a string,
-                            a tuple of strings or "...". When a tuple is given,
+                            a function, a tuple of strings/None or "...".
+                            When a fuction is given, it takes the key as argument and
+                            returns whether the key matches or not. When a tuple is given,
                             all the keys given in the tuple are traversed, and
                             "..." traverses all the keys in the object
                             all the keys given in the tuple are traversed, and
                             "..." traverses all the keys in the object
+                            "None" returns the object without traversal
     @param default          Default value to return
     @param expected_type    Only accept final value of this type (Can also be any callable)
     @param get_all          Return all the values obtained from a path or only the first one
     @param default          Default value to return
     @param expected_type    Only accept final value of this type (Can also be any callable)
     @param get_all          Return all the values obtained from a path or only the first one
@@ -6324,10 +5138,10 @@ def traverse_obj(
 
     def _traverse_obj(obj, path, _current_depth=0):
         nonlocal depth
 
     def _traverse_obj(obj, path, _current_depth=0):
         nonlocal depth
-        if obj is None:
-            return None
         path = tuple(variadic(path))
         for i, key in enumerate(path):
         path = tuple(variadic(path))
         for i, key in enumerate(path):
+            if None in (key, obj):
+                return obj
             if isinstance(key, (list, tuple)):
                 obj = [_traverse_obj(obj, sub_key, _current_depth) for sub_key in key]
                 key = ...
             if isinstance(key, (list, tuple)):
                 obj = [_traverse_obj(obj, sub_key, _current_depth) for sub_key in key]
                 key = ...
@@ -6338,6 +5152,18 @@ def _traverse_obj(obj, path, _current_depth=0):
                 _current_depth += 1
                 depth = max(depth, _current_depth)
                 return [_traverse_obj(inner_obj, path[i + 1:], _current_depth) for inner_obj in obj]
                 _current_depth += 1
                 depth = max(depth, _current_depth)
                 return [_traverse_obj(inner_obj, path[i + 1:], _current_depth) for inner_obj in obj]
+            elif callable(key):
+                if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple, LazyList)):
+                    obj = enumerate(obj)
+                elif isinstance(obj, dict):
+                    obj = obj.items()
+                else:
+                    if not traverse_string:
+                        return None
+                    obj = str(obj)
+                _current_depth += 1
+                depth = max(depth, _current_depth)
+                return [_traverse_obj(v, path[i + 1:], _current_depth) for k, v in obj if key(k)]
             elif isinstance(obj, dict) and not (is_user_input and key == ':'):
                 obj = (obj.get(key) if casesense or (key in obj)
                        else next((v for k, v in obj.items() if _lower(k) == key), None))
             elif isinstance(obj, dict) and not (is_user_input and key == ':'):
                 obj = (obj.get(key) if casesense or (key in obj)
                        else next((v for k, v in obj.items() if _lower(k) == key), None))
@@ -6384,15 +5210,31 @@ def _traverse_obj(obj, path, _current_depth=0):
 
 
 def traverse_dict(dictn, keys, casesense=True):
 
 
 def traverse_dict(dictn, keys, casesense=True):
-    ''' For backward compatibility. Do not use '''
-    return traverse_obj(dictn, keys, casesense=casesense,
-                        is_user_input=True, traverse_string=True)
+    write_string('DeprecationWarning: yt_dlp.utils.traverse_dict is deprecated '
+                 'and may be removed in a future version. Use yt_dlp.utils.traverse_obj instead')
+    return traverse_obj(dictn, keys, casesense=casesense, is_user_input=True, traverse_string=True)
 
 
 
 
-def variadic(x, allowed_types=(str, bytes)):
+def variadic(x, allowed_types=(str, bytes, dict)):
     return x if isinstance(x, collections.abc.Iterable) and not isinstance(x, allowed_types) else (x,)
 
 
     return x if isinstance(x, collections.abc.Iterable) and not isinstance(x, allowed_types) else (x,)
 
 
+def decode_base(value, digits):
+    # This will convert given base-x string to scalar (long or int)
+    table = {char: index for index, char in enumerate(digits)}
+    result = 0
+    base = len(digits)
+    for chr in value:
+        result *= base
+        result += table[chr]
+    return result
+
+
+def time_seconds(**kwargs):
+    t = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(**kwargs)))
+    return t.timestamp()
+
+
 # create a JSON Web Signature (jws) with HS256 algorithm
 # the resulting format is in JWS Compact Serialization
 # implemented following JWT https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7519.html
 # create a JSON Web Signature (jws) with HS256 algorithm
 # the resulting format is in JWS Compact Serialization
 # implemented following JWT https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7519.html
@@ -6410,3 +5252,234 @@ def jwt_encode_hs256(payload_data, key, headers={}):
     signature_b64 = base64.b64encode(h.digest())
     token = header_b64 + b'.' + payload_b64 + b'.' + signature_b64
     return token
     signature_b64 = base64.b64encode(h.digest())
     token = header_b64 + b'.' + payload_b64 + b'.' + signature_b64
     return token
+
+
+# can be extended in future to verify the signature and parse header and return the algorithm used if it's not HS256
+def jwt_decode_hs256(jwt):
+    header_b64, payload_b64, signature_b64 = jwt.split('.')
+    payload_data = json.loads(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(payload_b64))
+    return payload_data
+
+
+def supports_terminal_sequences(stream):
+    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        from .compat import WINDOWS_VT_MODE  # Must be imported locally
+        if not WINDOWS_VT_MODE or get_windows_version() < (10, 0, 10586):
+            return False
+    elif not os.getenv('TERM'):
+        return False
+    try:
+        return stream.isatty()
+    except BaseException:
+        return False
+
+
+_terminal_sequences_re = re.compile('\033\\[[^m]+m')
+
+
+def remove_terminal_sequences(string):
+    return _terminal_sequences_re.sub('', string)
+
+
+def number_of_digits(number):
+    return len('%d' % number)
+
+
+def join_nonempty(*values, delim='-', from_dict=None):
+    if from_dict is not None:
+        values = map(from_dict.get, values)
+    return delim.join(map(str, filter(None, values)))
+
+
+def scale_thumbnails_to_max_format_width(formats, thumbnails, url_width_re):
+    """
+    Find the largest format dimensions in terms of video width and, for each thumbnail:
+    * Modify the URL: Match the width with the provided regex and replace with the former width
+    * Update dimensions
+
+    This function is useful with video services that scale the provided thumbnails on demand
+    """
+    _keys = ('width', 'height')
+    max_dimensions = max(
+        [tuple(format.get(k) or 0 for k in _keys) for format in formats],
+        default=(0, 0))
+    if not max_dimensions[0]:
+        return thumbnails
+    return [
+        merge_dicts(
+            {'url': re.sub(url_width_re, str(max_dimensions[0]), thumbnail['url'])},
+            dict(zip(_keys, max_dimensions)), thumbnail)
+        for thumbnail in thumbnails
+    ]
+
+
+def parse_http_range(range):
+    """ Parse value of "Range" or "Content-Range" HTTP header into tuple. """
+    if not range:
+        return None, None, None
+    crg = re.search(r'bytes[ =](\d+)-(\d+)?(?:/(\d+))?', range)
+    if not crg:
+        return None, None, None
+    return int(crg.group(1)), int_or_none(crg.group(2)), int_or_none(crg.group(3))
+
+
+class Config:
+    own_args = None
+    filename = None
+    __initialized = False
+
+    def __init__(self, parser, label=None):
+        self._parser, self.label = parser, label
+        self._loaded_paths, self.configs = set(), []
+
+    def init(self, args=None, filename=None):
+        assert not self.__initialized
+        directory = ''
+        if filename:
+            location = os.path.realpath(filename)
+            directory = os.path.dirname(location)
+            if location in self._loaded_paths:
+                return False
+            self._loaded_paths.add(location)
+
+        self.__initialized = True
+        self.own_args, self.filename = args, filename
+        for location in self._parser.parse_args(args)[0].config_locations or []:
+            location = os.path.join(directory, expand_path(location))
+            if os.path.isdir(location):
+                location = os.path.join(location, 'yt-dlp.conf')
+            if not os.path.exists(location):
+                self._parser.error(f'config location {location} does not exist')
+            self.append_config(self.read_file(location), location)
+        return True
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        label = join_nonempty(
+            self.label, 'config', f'"{self.filename}"' if self.filename else '',
+            delim=' ')
+        return join_nonempty(
+            self.own_args is not None and f'{label[0].upper()}{label[1:]}: {self.hide_login_info(self.own_args)}',
+            *(f'\n{c}'.replace('\n', '\n| ')[1:] for c in self.configs),
+            delim='\n')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def read_file(filename, default=[]):
+        try:
+            optionf = open(filename)
+        except IOError:
+            return default  # silently skip if file is not present
+        try:
+            # FIXME: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/commit/dfe5fa49aed02cf36ba9f743b11b0903554b5e56
+            contents = optionf.read()
+            if sys.version_info < (3,):
+                contents = contents.decode(preferredencoding())
+            res = compat_shlex_split(contents, comments=True)
+        finally:
+            optionf.close()
+        return res
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def hide_login_info(opts):
+        PRIVATE_OPTS = set(['-p', '--password', '-u', '--username', '--video-password', '--ap-password', '--ap-username'])
+        eqre = re.compile('^(?P<key>' + ('|'.join(re.escape(po) for po in PRIVATE_OPTS)) + ')=.+$')
+
+        def _scrub_eq(o):
+            m = eqre.match(o)
+            if m:
+                return m.group('key') + '=PRIVATE'
+            else:
+                return o
+
+        opts = list(map(_scrub_eq, opts))
+        for idx, opt in enumerate(opts):
+            if opt in PRIVATE_OPTS and idx + 1 < len(opts):
+                opts[idx + 1] = 'PRIVATE'
+        return opts
+
+    def append_config(self, *args, label=None):
+        config = type(self)(self._parser, label)
+        config._loaded_paths = self._loaded_paths
+        if config.init(*args):
+            self.configs.append(config)
+
+    @property
+    def all_args(self):
+        for config in reversed(self.configs):
+            yield from config.all_args
+        yield from self.own_args or []
+
+    def parse_args(self):
+        return self._parser.parse_args(list(self.all_args))
+
+
+class WebSocketsWrapper():
+    """Wraps websockets module to use in non-async scopes"""
+
+    def __init__(self, url, headers=None):
+        self.loop = asyncio.events.new_event_loop()
+        self.conn = compat_websockets.connect(
+            url, extra_headers=headers, ping_interval=None,
+            close_timeout=float('inf'), loop=self.loop, ping_timeout=float('inf'))
+        atexit.register(self.__exit__, None, None, None)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.pool = self.run_with_loop(self.conn.__aenter__(), self.loop)
+        return self
+
+    def send(self, *args):
+        self.run_with_loop(self.pool.send(*args), self.loop)
+
+    def recv(self, *args):
+        return self.run_with_loop(self.pool.recv(*args), self.loop)
+
+    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+        try:
+            return self.run_with_loop(self.conn.__aexit__(type, value, traceback), self.loop)
+        finally:
+            self.loop.close()
+            self._cancel_all_tasks(self.loop)
+
+    # taken from https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Lib/asyncio/runners.py with modifications
+    # for contributors: If there's any new library using asyncio needs to be run in non-async, move these function out of this class
+    @staticmethod
+    def run_with_loop(main, loop):
+        if not asyncio.coroutines.iscoroutine(main):
+            raise ValueError(f'a coroutine was expected, got {main!r}')
+
+        try:
+            return loop.run_until_complete(main)
+        finally:
+            loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
+            if hasattr(loop, 'shutdown_default_executor'):
+                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_default_executor())
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _cancel_all_tasks(loop):
+        to_cancel = asyncio.tasks.all_tasks(loop)
+
+        if not to_cancel:
+            return
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            task.cancel()
+
+        loop.run_until_complete(
+            asyncio.tasks.gather(*to_cancel, loop=loop, return_exceptions=True))
+
+        for task in to_cancel:
+            if task.cancelled():
+                continue
+            if task.exception() is not None:
+                loop.call_exception_handler({
+                    'message': 'unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown',
+                    'exception': task.exception(),
+                    'task': task,
+                })
+
+
+has_websockets = bool(compat_websockets)
+
+
+def merge_headers(*dicts):
+    """Merge dicts of network headers case insensitively, prioritizing the latter ones"""
+    return {k.capitalize(): v for k, v in itertools.chain.from_iterable(map(dict.items, dicts))}