]> jfr.im git - yt-dlp.git/blobdiff - yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
[rh:requests] Add handler for `requests` HTTP library (#3668)
[yt-dlp.git] / yt_dlp / YoutubeDL.py
index 7f557166694c7fec7686b6f1ed10596c5a49c82e..8e11646d3b233cdb1f1ccdb5e4765cfc03b7772c 100644 (file)
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 import datetime
 import errno
 import fileinput
-import functools
 import http.cookiejar
 import io
 import itertools
@@ -25,8 +24,8 @@
 import unicodedata
 
 from .cache import Cache
-from .compat import urllib  # isort: split
-from .compat import compat_os_name, compat_shlex_quote
+from .compat import functools, urllib  # isort: split
+from .compat import compat_os_name, compat_shlex_quote, urllib_req_to_req
 from .cookies import LenientSimpleCookie, load_cookies
 from .downloader import FFmpegFD, get_suitable_downloader, shorten_protocol_name
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
 from .extractor.common import UnsupportedURLIE
 from .extractor.openload import PhantomJSwrapper
 from .minicurses import format_text
+from .networking import HEADRequest, Request, RequestDirector
+from .networking.common import _REQUEST_HANDLERS, _RH_PREFERENCES
+from .networking.exceptions import (
+    HTTPError,
+    NoSupportingHandlers,
+    RequestError,
+    SSLError,
+    _CompatHTTPError,
+    network_exceptions,
+)
 from .plugins import directories as plugin_directories
 from .postprocessor import _PLUGIN_CLASSES as plugin_pps
 from .postprocessor import (
@@ -51,7 +60,7 @@
     get_postprocessor,
 )
 from .postprocessor.ffmpeg import resolve_mapping as resolve_recode_mapping
-from .update import REPOSITORY, current_git_head, detect_variant
+from .update import REPOSITORY, _get_system_deprecation, current_git_head, detect_variant
 from .utils import (
     DEFAULT_OUTTMPL,
     IDENTITY,
     ExtractorError,
     FormatSorter,
     GeoRestrictedError,
-    HEADRequest,
     ISO3166Utils,
     LazyList,
     MaxDownloadsReached,
     Namespace,
     PagedList,
-    PerRequestProxyHandler,
     PlaylistEntries,
     Popen,
     PostProcessingError,
@@ -87,9 +94,6 @@
     SameFileError,
     UnavailableVideoError,
     UserNotLive,
-    YoutubeDLCookieProcessor,
-    YoutubeDLHandler,
-    YoutubeDLRedirectHandler,
     age_restricted,
     args_to_str,
     bug_reports_message,
     error_to_compat_str,
     escapeHTML,
     expand_path,
+    extract_basic_auth,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     format_bytes,
     locked_file,
     make_archive_id,
     make_dir,
-    make_HTTPS_handler,
-    merge_headers,
-    network_exceptions,
     number_of_digits,
     orderedSet,
     orderedSet_from_options,
     sanitize_filename,
     sanitize_path,
     sanitize_url,
-    sanitized_Request,
-    std_headers,
     str_or_none,
     strftime_or_none,
     subtitles_filename,
     write_json_file,
     write_string,
 )
+from .utils._utils import _YDLLogger
+from .utils.networking import (
+    HTTPHeaderDict,
+    clean_headers,
+    clean_proxies,
+    std_headers,
+)
 from .version import CHANNEL, RELEASE_GIT_HEAD, VARIANT, __version__
 
 if compat_os_name == 'nt':
@@ -232,9 +239,9 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        'selected' (check selected formats),
                        or None (check only if requested by extractor)
     paths:             Dictionary of output paths. The allowed keys are 'home'
-                       'temp' and the keys of OUTTMPL_TYPES (in utils.py)
+                       'temp' and the keys of OUTTMPL_TYPES (in utils/_utils.py)
     outtmpl:           Dictionary of templates for output names. Allowed keys
-                       are 'default' and the keys of OUTTMPL_TYPES (in utils.py).
+                       are 'default' and the keys of OUTTMPL_TYPES (in utils/_utils.py).
                        For compatibility with youtube-dl, a single string can also be used
     outtmpl_na_placeholder: Placeholder for unavailable meta fields.
     restrictfilenames: Do not allow "&" and spaces in file names
@@ -249,8 +256,6 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     overwrites:        Overwrite all video and metadata files if True,
                        overwrite only non-video files if None
                        and don't overwrite any file if False
-                       For compatibility with youtube-dl,
-                       "nooverwrites" may also be used instead
     playlist_items:    Specific indices of playlist to download.
     playlistrandom:    Download playlist items in random order.
     lazy_playlist:     Process playlist entries as they are received.
@@ -417,7 +422,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                          asked whether to download the video.
                        - Raise utils.DownloadCancelled(msg) to abort remaining
                          downloads when a video is rejected.
-                       match_filter_func in utils.py is one example for this.
+                       match_filter_func in utils/_utils.py is one example for this.
     color:             A Dictionary with output stream names as keys
                        and their respective color policy as values.
                        Can also just be a single color policy,
@@ -546,6 +551,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        You can reduce network I/O by disabling it if you don't
                        care about HLS. (only for youtube)
     no_color:          Same as `color='no_color'`
+    no_overwrites:     Same as `overwrites=False`
     """
 
     _NUMERIC_FIELDS = {
@@ -565,7 +571,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         'width', 'height', 'aspect_ratio', 'resolution', 'dynamic_range', 'tbr', 'abr', 'acodec', 'asr', 'audio_channels',
         'vbr', 'fps', 'vcodec', 'container', 'filesize', 'filesize_approx', 'rows', 'columns',
         'player_url', 'protocol', 'fragment_base_url', 'fragments', 'is_from_start',
-        'preference', 'language', 'language_preference', 'quality', 'source_preference',
+        'preference', 'language', 'language_preference', 'quality', 'source_preference', 'cookies',
         'http_headers', 'stretched_ratio', 'no_resume', 'has_drm', 'extra_param_to_segment_url', 'hls_aes', 'downloader_options',
         'page_url', 'app', 'play_path', 'tc_url', 'flash_version', 'rtmp_live', 'rtmp_conn', 'rtmp_protocol', 'rtmp_real_time'
     }
@@ -597,6 +603,7 @@ def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
         self._playlist_level = 0
         self._playlist_urls = set()
         self.cache = Cache(self)
+        self.__header_cookies = []
 
         stdout = sys.stderr if self.params.get('logtostderr') else sys.stdout
         self._out_files = Namespace(
@@ -614,7 +621,8 @@ def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
 
         if self.params.get('no_color'):
             if self.params.get('color') is not None:
-                self.report_warning('Overwriting params from "color" with "no_color"')
+                self.params.setdefault('_warnings', []).append(
+                    'Overwriting params from "color" with "no_color"')
             self.params['color'] = 'no_color'
 
         term_allow_color = os.environ.get('TERM', '').lower() != 'dumb'
@@ -624,7 +632,7 @@ def process_color_policy(stream):
             policy = traverse_obj(self.params, ('color', (stream_name, None), {str}), get_all=False)
             if policy in ('auto', None):
                 return term_allow_color and supports_terminal_sequences(stream)
-            assert policy in ('always', 'never', 'no_color')
+            assert policy in ('always', 'never', 'no_color'), policy
             return {'always': True, 'never': False}.get(policy, policy)
 
         self._allow_colors = Namespace(**{
@@ -632,17 +640,9 @@ def process_color_policy(stream):
             for name, stream in self._out_files.items_ if name != 'console'
         })
 
-        # The code is left like this to be reused for future deprecations
-        MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 7), (3, 7)
-        current_version = sys.version_info[:2]
-        if current_version < MIN_RECOMMENDED:
-            msg = ('Support for Python version %d.%d has been deprecated. '
-                   'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3764  for more details.'
-                   '\n                    You will no longer receive updates on this version')
-            if current_version < MIN_SUPPORTED:
-                msg = 'Python version %d.%d is no longer supported'
-            self.deprecated_feature(
-                f'{msg}! Please update to Python %d.%d or above' % (*current_version, *MIN_RECOMMENDED))
+        system_deprecation = _get_system_deprecation()
+        if system_deprecation:
+            self.deprecated_feature(system_deprecation.replace('\n', '\n                    '))
 
         if self.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats'):
             self.report_warning(
@@ -672,12 +672,14 @@ def process_color_policy(stream):
                     raise
 
         self.params['compat_opts'] = set(self.params.get('compat_opts', ()))
+        self.params['http_headers'] = HTTPHeaderDict(std_headers, self.params.get('http_headers'))
+        self._load_cookies(self.params['http_headers'].get('Cookie'))  # compat
+        self.params['http_headers'].pop('Cookie', None)
+        self._request_director = self.build_request_director(_REQUEST_HANDLERS.values(), _RH_PREFERENCES)
+
         if auto_init and auto_init != 'no_verbose_header':
             self.print_debug_header()
 
-        self.__header_cookies = []
-        self._load_cookies(traverse_obj(self.params.get('http_headers'), 'cookie', casesense=False))  # compat
-
         def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
             if self.params.get(param) is not None:
                 self.report_warning(f'{option} is deprecated. Use {suggestion} instead')
@@ -745,9 +747,6 @@ def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
             else self.params['format'] if callable(self.params['format'])
             else self.build_format_selector(self.params['format']))
 
-        # Set http_headers defaults according to std_headers
-        self.params['http_headers'] = merge_headers(std_headers, self.params.get('http_headers', {}))
-
         hooks = {
             'post_hooks': self.add_post_hook,
             'progress_hooks': self.add_progress_hook,
@@ -764,8 +763,6 @@ def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
                 get_postprocessor(pp_def.pop('key'))(self, **pp_def),
                 when=when)
 
-        self._setup_opener()
-
         def preload_download_archive(fn):
             """Preload the archive, if any is specified"""
             archive = set()
@@ -941,11 +938,17 @@ def __enter__(self):
         self.save_console_title()
         return self
 
+    def save_cookies(self):
+        if self.params.get('cookiefile') is not None:
+            self.cookiejar.save()
+
     def __exit__(self, *args):
         self.restore_console_title()
+        self.close()
 
-        if self.params.get('cookiefile') is not None:
-            self.cookiejar.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
+    def close(self):
+        self.save_cookies()
+        self._request_director.close()
 
     def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None, is_error=True):
         """Determine action to take when a download problem appears.
@@ -1288,16 +1291,16 @@ def create_key(outer_mobj):
                 else:
                     break
 
-            fmt = outer_mobj.group('format')
-            if fmt == 's' and value is not None and last_field in field_size_compat_map.keys():
-                fmt = f'0{field_size_compat_map[last_field]:d}d'
-
             if None not in (value, replacement):
                 try:
                     value = replacement_formatter.format(replacement, value)
                 except ValueError:
                     value, default = None, na
 
+            fmt = outer_mobj.group('format')
+            if fmt == 's' and last_field in field_size_compat_map.keys() and isinstance(value, int):
+                fmt = f'0{field_size_compat_map[last_field]:d}d'
+
             flags = outer_mobj.group('conversion') or ''
             str_fmt = f'{fmt[:-1]}s'
             if value is None:
@@ -1481,7 +1484,10 @@ def check_filter():
             return ret
 
         if self.in_download_archive(info_dict):
-            reason = '%s has already been recorded in the archive' % video_title
+            reason = ''.join((
+                format_field(info_dict, 'id', f'{self._format_screen("%s", self.Styles.ID)}: '),
+                format_field(info_dict, 'title', f'{self._format_screen("%s", self.Styles.EMPHASIS)} '),
+                'has already been recorded in the archive'))
             break_opt, break_err = 'break_on_existing', ExistingVideoReached
         else:
             try:
@@ -1542,7 +1548,8 @@ def extract_info(self, url, download=True, ie_key=None, extra_info=None,
 
             temp_id = ie.get_temp_id(url)
             if temp_id is not None and self.in_download_archive({'id': temp_id, 'ie_key': key}):
-                self.to_screen(f'[{key}] {temp_id}: has already been recorded in the archive')
+                self.to_screen(f'[download] {self._format_screen(temp_id, self.Styles.ID)}: '
+                               'has already been recorded in the archive')
                 if self.params.get('break_on_existing', False):
                     raise ExistingVideoReached()
                 break
@@ -1630,18 +1637,19 @@ def progress(msg):
                 self.to_screen('')
             raise
 
-    def _load_cookies(self, data, *, from_headers=True):
+    def _load_cookies(self, data, *, autoscope=True):
         """Loads cookies from a `Cookie` header
 
         This tries to work around the security vulnerability of passing cookies to every domain.
         See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-v8mc-9377-rwjj
-        The unscoped cookies are saved for later to be stored in the jar with a limited scope.
 
         @param data         The Cookie header as string to load the cookies from
-        @param from_headers If `False`, allows Set-Cookie syntax in the cookie string (at least a domain will be required)
+        @param autoscope    If `False`, scope cookies using Set-Cookie syntax and error for cookie without domains
+                            If `True`, save cookies for later to be stored in the jar with a limited scope
+                            If a URL, save cookies in the jar with the domain of the URL
         """
         for cookie in LenientSimpleCookie(data).values():
-            if from_headers and any(cookie.values()):
+            if autoscope and any(cookie.values()):
                 raise ValueError('Invalid syntax in Cookie Header')
 
             domain = cookie.get('domain') or ''
@@ -1655,17 +1663,23 @@ def _load_cookies(self, data, *, from_headers=True):
 
             if domain:
                 self.cookiejar.set_cookie(prepared_cookie)
-            elif from_headers:
+            elif autoscope is True:
                 self.deprecated_feature(
                     'Passing cookies as a header is a potential security risk; '
                     'they will be scoped to the domain of the downloaded urls. '
                     'Please consider loading cookies from a file or browser instead.')
                 self.__header_cookies.append(prepared_cookie)
+            elif autoscope:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    'The extractor result contains an unscoped cookie as an HTTP header. '
+                    f'If you are using yt-dlp with an input URL{bug_reports_message(before=",")}',
+                    only_once=True)
+                self._apply_header_cookies(autoscope, [prepared_cookie])
             else:
                 self.report_error('Unscoped cookies are not allowed; please specify some sort of scoping',
                                   tb=False, is_error=False)
 
-    def _apply_header_cookies(self, url):
+    def _apply_header_cookies(self, url, cookies=None):
         """Applies stray header cookies to the provided url
 
         This loads header cookies and scopes them to the domain provided in `url`.
@@ -1676,7 +1690,7 @@ def _apply_header_cookies(self, url):
         if not parsed.hostname:
             return
 
-        for cookie in map(copy.copy, self.__header_cookies):
+        for cookie in map(copy.copy, cookies or self.__header_cookies):
             cookie.domain = f'.{parsed.hostname}'
             self.cookiejar.set_cookie(cookie)
 
@@ -2315,13 +2329,13 @@ def _merge(formats_pair):
             return new_dict
 
         def _check_formats(formats):
-            if (self.params.get('check_formats') is not None
+            if self.params.get('check_formats') == 'selected':
+                yield from self._check_formats(formats)
+                return
+            elif (self.params.get('check_formats') is not None
                     or self.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats')):
                 yield from formats
                 return
-            elif self.params.get('check_formats') == 'selected':
-                yield from self._check_formats(formats)
-                return
 
             for f in formats:
                 if f.get('has_drm'):
@@ -2466,11 +2480,16 @@ def restore_last_token(self):
         parsed_selector = _parse_format_selection(iter(TokenIterator(tokens)))
         return _build_selector_function(parsed_selector)
 
-    def _calc_headers(self, info_dict):
-        res = merge_headers(self.params['http_headers'], info_dict.get('http_headers') or {})
-        if 'Youtubedl-No-Compression' in res:  # deprecated
-            res.pop('Youtubedl-No-Compression', None)
-            res['Accept-Encoding'] = 'identity'
+    def _calc_headers(self, info_dict, load_cookies=False):
+        res = HTTPHeaderDict(self.params['http_headers'], info_dict.get('http_headers'))
+        clean_headers(res)
+
+        if load_cookies:  # For --load-info-json
+            self._load_cookies(res.get('Cookie'), autoscope=info_dict['url'])  # compat
+            self._load_cookies(info_dict.get('cookies'), autoscope=False)
+        # The `Cookie` header is removed to prevent leaks and unscoped cookies.
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-v8mc-9377-rwjj
+        res.pop('Cookie', None)
         cookies = self.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(info_dict['url'])
         if cookies:
             encoder = LenientSimpleCookie()
@@ -2564,7 +2583,7 @@ def _fill_common_fields(self, info_dict, final=True):
                 # Working around out-of-range timestamp values (e.g. negative ones on Windows,
                 # see http://bugs.python.org/issue1646728)
                 with contextlib.suppress(ValueError, OverflowError, OSError):
-                    upload_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(info_dict[ts_key])
+                    upload_date = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(info_dict[ts_key], datetime.timezone.utc)
                     info_dict[date_key] = upload_date.strftime('%Y%m%d')
 
         live_keys = ('is_live', 'was_live')
@@ -2749,7 +2768,12 @@ def is_wellformed(f):
                     and info_dict.get('duration') and format.get('tbr')
                     and not format.get('filesize') and not format.get('filesize_approx')):
                 format['filesize_approx'] = int(info_dict['duration'] * format['tbr'] * (1024 / 8))
-            format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(collections.ChainMap(format, info_dict))
+            format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(collections.ChainMap(format, info_dict), load_cookies=True)
+
+        # Safeguard against old/insecure infojson when using --load-info-json
+        if info_dict.get('http_headers'):
+            info_dict['http_headers'] = HTTPHeaderDict(info_dict['http_headers'])
+            info_dict['http_headers'].pop('Cookie', None)
 
         # This is copied to http_headers by the above _calc_headers and can now be removed
         if '__x_forwarded_for_ip' in info_dict:
@@ -3257,7 +3281,7 @@ def existing_video_file(*filepaths):
                 fd, success = None, True
                 if info_dict.get('protocol') or info_dict.get('url'):
                     fd = get_suitable_downloader(info_dict, self.params, to_stdout=temp_filename == '-')
-                    if fd is not FFmpegFD and 'no-direct-merge' not in self.params['compat_opts'] and (
+                    if fd != FFmpegFD and 'no-direct-merge' not in self.params['compat_opts'] and (
                             info_dict.get('section_start') or info_dict.get('section_end')):
                         msg = ('This format cannot be partially downloaded' if FFmpegFD.available()
                                else 'You have requested downloading the video partially, but ffmpeg is not installed')
@@ -3421,7 +3445,8 @@ def ffmpeg_fixup(cndn, msg, cls):
                     ) for pp in self._pps['post_process'])
 
                     if not postprocessed_by_ffmpeg:
-                        ffmpeg_fixup(ext == 'm4a' and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash',
+                        ffmpeg_fixup(fd != FFmpegFD and ext == 'm4a'
+                                     and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash',
                                      'writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container',
                                      FFmpegFixupM4aPP)
                         ffmpeg_fixup(downloader == 'hlsnative' and not self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts')
@@ -3495,8 +3520,6 @@ def download_with_info_file(self, info_filename):
             infos = [self.sanitize_info(info, self.params.get('clean_infojson', True))
                      for info in variadic(json.loads('\n'.join(f)))]
         for info in infos:
-            self._load_cookies(info.get('cookies'), from_headers=False)
-            self._load_cookies(traverse_obj(info.get('http_headers'), 'Cookie', casesense=False))  # compat
             try:
                 self.__download_wrapper(self.process_ie_result)(info, download=True)
             except (DownloadError, EntryNotInPlaylist, ReExtractInfo) as e:
@@ -3856,12 +3879,6 @@ def list_thumbnails(self, info_dict):
     def list_subtitles(self, video_id, subtitles, name='subtitles'):
         self.__list_table(video_id, name, self.render_subtitles_table, video_id, subtitles)
 
-    def urlopen(self, req):
-        """ Start an HTTP download """
-        if isinstance(req, str):
-            req = sanitized_Request(req)
-        return self._opener.open(req, timeout=self._socket_timeout)
-
     def print_debug_header(self):
         if not self.params.get('verbose'):
             return
@@ -3950,13 +3967,8 @@ def get_encoding(stream):
             join_nonempty(*get_package_info(m)) for m in available_dependencies.values()
         })) or 'none'))
 
-        self._setup_opener()
-        proxy_map = {}
-        for handler in self._opener.handlers:
-            if hasattr(handler, 'proxies'):
-                proxy_map.update(handler.proxies)
-        write_debug(f'Proxy map: {proxy_map}')
-
+        write_debug(f'Proxy map: {self.proxies}')
+        write_debug(f'Request Handlers: {", ".join(rh.RH_NAME for rh in self._request_director.handlers.values())}')
         for plugin_type, plugins in {'Extractor': plugin_ies, 'Post-Processor': plugin_pps}.items():
             display_list = ['%s%s' % (
                 klass.__name__, '' if klass.__name__ == name else f' as {name}')
@@ -3984,58 +3996,115 @@ def get_encoding(stream):
                     'See https://yt-dl.org/update if you need help updating.' %
                     latest_version)
 
-    def _setup_opener(self):
-        if hasattr(self, '_opener'):
-            return
-        timeout_val = self.params.get('socket_timeout')
-        self._socket_timeout = 20 if timeout_val is None else float(timeout_val)
-
-        opts_cookiesfrombrowser = self.params.get('cookiesfrombrowser')
-        opts_cookiefile = self.params.get('cookiefile')
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def proxies(self):
+        """Global proxy configuration"""
         opts_proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
-
-        self.cookiejar = load_cookies(opts_cookiefile, opts_cookiesfrombrowser, self)
-
-        cookie_processor = YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(self.cookiejar)
         if opts_proxy is not None:
             if opts_proxy == '':
-                proxies = {}
-            else:
-                proxies = {'http': opts_proxy, 'https': opts_proxy}
+                opts_proxy = '__noproxy__'
+            proxies = {'all': opts_proxy}
         else:
             proxies = urllib.request.getproxies()
-            # Set HTTPS proxy to HTTP one if given (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/805)
+            # compat. Set HTTPS_PROXY to __noproxy__ to revert
             if 'http' in proxies and 'https' not in proxies:
                 proxies['https'] = proxies['http']
-        proxy_handler = PerRequestProxyHandler(proxies)
-
-        debuglevel = 1 if self.params.get('debug_printtraffic') else 0
-        https_handler = make_HTTPS_handler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
-        ydlh = YoutubeDLHandler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
-        redirect_handler = YoutubeDLRedirectHandler()
-        data_handler = urllib.request.DataHandler()
-
-        # When passing our own FileHandler instance, build_opener won't add the
-        # default FileHandler and allows us to disable the file protocol, which
-        # can be used for malicious purposes (see
-        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8227)
-        file_handler = urllib.request.FileHandler()
-
-        if not self.params.get('enable_file_urls'):
-            def file_open(*args, **kwargs):
-                raise urllib.error.URLError(
-                    'file:// URLs are explicitly disabled in yt-dlp for security reasons. '
-                    'Use --enable-file-urls to enable at your own risk.')
-            file_handler.file_open = file_open
-
-        opener = urllib.request.build_opener(
-            proxy_handler, https_handler, cookie_processor, ydlh, redirect_handler, data_handler, file_handler)
-
-        # Delete the default user-agent header, which would otherwise apply in
-        # cases where our custom HTTP handler doesn't come into play
-        # (See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1309 for details)
-        opener.addheaders = []
-        self._opener = opener
+
+        return proxies
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def cookiejar(self):
+        """Global cookiejar instance"""
+        return load_cookies(
+            self.params.get('cookiefile'), self.params.get('cookiesfrombrowser'), self)
+
+    @property
+    def _opener(self):
+        """
+        Get a urllib OpenerDirector from the Urllib handler (deprecated).
+        """
+        self.deprecation_warning('YoutubeDL._opener is deprecated, use YoutubeDL.urlopen()')
+        handler = self._request_director.handlers['Urllib']
+        return handler._get_instance(cookiejar=self.cookiejar, proxies=self.proxies)
+
+    def urlopen(self, req):
+        """ Start an HTTP download """
+        if isinstance(req, str):
+            req = Request(req)
+        elif isinstance(req, urllib.request.Request):
+            self.deprecation_warning(
+                'Passing a urllib.request.Request object to YoutubeDL.urlopen() is deprecated. '
+                'Use yt_dlp.networking.common.Request instead.')
+            req = urllib_req_to_req(req)
+        assert isinstance(req, Request)
+
+        # compat: Assume user:pass url params are basic auth
+        url, basic_auth_header = extract_basic_auth(req.url)
+        if basic_auth_header:
+            req.headers['Authorization'] = basic_auth_header
+        req.url = sanitize_url(url)
+
+        clean_proxies(proxies=req.proxies, headers=req.headers)
+        clean_headers(req.headers)
+
+        try:
+            return self._request_director.send(req)
+        except NoSupportingHandlers as e:
+            for ue in e.unsupported_errors:
+                if not (ue.handler and ue.msg):
+                    continue
+                if ue.handler.RH_KEY == 'Urllib' and 'unsupported url scheme: "file"' in ue.msg.lower():
+                    raise RequestError(
+                        'file:// URLs are disabled by default in yt-dlp for security reasons. '
+                        'Use --enable-file-urls to enable at your own risk.', cause=ue) from ue
+                if 'unsupported proxy type: "https"' in ue.msg.lower():
+                    raise RequestError(
+                        'To use an HTTPS proxy for this request, one of the following dependencies needs to be installed: requests')
+            raise
+        except SSLError as e:
+            if 'UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION_DISABLED' in str(e):
+                raise RequestError('UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION_DISABLED: Try using --legacy-server-connect', cause=e) from e
+            elif 'SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE' in str(e):
+                raise RequestError(
+                    'SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE: The server may not support the current cipher list. '
+                    'Try using --legacy-server-connect', cause=e) from e
+            raise
+        except HTTPError as e:  # TODO: Remove in a future release
+            raise _CompatHTTPError(e) from e
+
+    def build_request_director(self, handlers, preferences=None):
+        logger = _YDLLogger(self)
+        headers = self.params['http_headers'].copy()
+        proxies = self.proxies.copy()
+        clean_headers(headers)
+        clean_proxies(proxies, headers)
+
+        director = RequestDirector(logger=logger, verbose=self.params.get('debug_printtraffic'))
+        for handler in handlers:
+            director.add_handler(handler(
+                logger=logger,
+                headers=headers,
+                cookiejar=self.cookiejar,
+                proxies=proxies,
+                prefer_system_certs='no-certifi' in self.params['compat_opts'],
+                verify=not self.params.get('nocheckcertificate'),
+                **traverse_obj(self.params, {
+                    'verbose': 'debug_printtraffic',
+                    'source_address': 'source_address',
+                    'timeout': 'socket_timeout',
+                    'legacy_ssl_support': 'legacyserverconnect',
+                    'enable_file_urls': 'enable_file_urls',
+                    'client_cert': {
+                        'client_certificate': 'client_certificate',
+                        'client_certificate_key': 'client_certificate_key',
+                        'client_certificate_password': 'client_certificate_password',
+                    },
+                }),
+            ))
+        director.preferences.update(preferences or [])
+        if 'prefer-legacy-http-handler' in self.params['compat_opts']:
+            director.preferences.add(lambda rh, _: 500 if rh.RH_KEY == 'Urllib' else 0)
+        return director
 
     def encode(self, s):
         if isinstance(s, bytes):
@@ -4157,7 +4226,7 @@ def _write_subtitles(self, info_dict, filename):
         return ret
 
     def _write_thumbnails(self, label, info_dict, filename, thumb_filename_base=None):
-        ''' Write thumbnails to file and return list of (thumb_filename, final_thumb_filename) '''
+        ''' Write thumbnails to file and return list of (thumb_filename, final_thumb_filename); or None if error '''
         write_all = self.params.get('write_all_thumbnails', False)
         thumbnails, ret = [], []
         if write_all or self.params.get('writethumbnail', False):
@@ -4173,6 +4242,9 @@ def _write_thumbnails(self, label, info_dict, filename, thumb_filename_base=None
             self.write_debug(f'Skipping writing {label} thumbnail')
             return ret
 
+        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(filename):
+            return None
+
         for idx, t in list(enumerate(thumbnails))[::-1]:
             thumb_ext = (f'{t["id"]}.' if multiple else '') + determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
             thumb_display_id = f'{label} thumbnail {t["id"]}'
@@ -4188,14 +4260,14 @@ def _write_thumbnails(self, label, info_dict, filename, thumb_filename_base=None
             else:
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Downloading {thumb_display_id} ...')
                 try:
-                    uf = self.urlopen(sanitized_Request(t['url'], headers=t.get('http_headers', {})))
+                    uf = self.urlopen(Request(t['url'], headers=t.get('http_headers', {})))
                     self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing {thumb_display_id} to: {thumb_filename}')
                     with open(encodeFilename(thumb_filename), 'wb') as thumbf:
                         shutil.copyfileobj(uf, thumbf)
                     ret.append((thumb_filename, thumb_filename_final))
                     t['filepath'] = thumb_filename
                 except network_exceptions as err:
-                    if isinstance(err, urllib.error.HTTPError) and err.code == 404:
+                    if isinstance(err, HTTPError) and err.status == 404:
                         self.to_screen(f'[info] {thumb_display_id.title()} does not exist')
                     else:
                         self.report_warning(f'Unable to download {thumb_display_id}: {err}')