]> jfr.im git - yt-dlp.git/blobdiff - yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
Standardize retry mechanism (#1649)
[yt-dlp.git] / yt_dlp / extractor / youtube.py
index 3f68861315895ad28a4c4b12dfe2608dc9b9d1ef..8b9f3830738dc83c3ede7d076a57a94709b6df17 100644 (file)
 import threading
 import time
 import traceback
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 from ..compat import functools
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_chr,
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_parse_qs,
-    compat_str,
-    compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
-    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
-    compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
-    compat_urlparse,
-)
 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
 from ..utils import (
     NO_DEFAULT,
     ExtractorError,
+    UserNotLive,
     bug_reports_message,
     classproperty,
     clean_html,
     datetime_from_str,
     dict_get,
-    error_to_compat_str,
     float_or_none,
     format_field,
     get_first,
@@ -52,7 +44,6 @@
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_qs,
     qualities,
-    remove_end,
     remove_start,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
@@ -70,7 +61,7 @@
     variadic,
 )
 
-# any clients starting with _ cannot be explicity requested by the user
+# any clients starting with _ cannot be explicitly requested by the user
 INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
     'web': {
         'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
@@ -382,11 +373,11 @@ def _initialize_pref(self):
         pref = {}
         if pref_cookie:
             try:
-                pref = dict(compat_urlparse.parse_qsl(pref_cookie.value))
+                pref = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(pref_cookie.value))
             except ValueError:
                 self.report_warning('Failed to parse user PREF cookie' + bug_reports_message())
         pref.update({'hl': 'en', 'tz': 'UTC'})
-        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', name='PREF', value=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(pref))
+        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', name='PREF', value=urllib.parse.urlencode(pref))
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
         self._initialize_pref()
@@ -397,9 +388,8 @@ def _check_login_required(self):
         if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and not self._cookies_passed:
             self.raise_login_required('Login details are needed to download this content', method='cookies')
 
-    _YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE = r'(?:window\s*\[\s*["\']ytInitialData["\']\s*\]|ytInitialData)\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
-    _YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE = r'ytInitialPlayerResponse\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
-    _YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE = r'(?:var\s+meta|</script|\n)'
+    _YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE = r'(?:window\s*\[\s*["\']ytInitialData["\']\s*\]|ytInitialData)\s*='
+    _YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE = r'ytInitialPlayerResponse\s*='
 
     def _get_default_ytcfg(self, client='web'):
         return copy.deepcopy(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client])
@@ -415,15 +405,19 @@ def _ytcfg_get_safe(self, ytcfg, getter, expected_type=None, default_client='web
     def _extract_client_name(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
         return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
             ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME'],
-                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientName']), compat_str, default_client)
+                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientName']), str, default_client)
 
     def _extract_client_version(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
         return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
             ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION'],
-                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientVersion']), compat_str, default_client)
+                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientVersion']), str, default_client)
+
+    def _select_api_hostname(self, req_api_hostname, default_client=None):
+        return (self._configuration_arg('innertube_host', [''], ie_key=YoutubeIE.ie_key())[0]
+                or req_api_hostname or self._get_innertube_host(default_client or 'web'))
 
     def _extract_api_key(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='web'):
-        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_API_KEY'], compat_str, default_client)
+        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_API_KEY'], str, default_client)
 
     def _extract_context(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='web'):
         context = get_first(
@@ -470,18 +464,16 @@ def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True, headers=None,
         real_headers.update({'content-type': 'application/json'})
         if headers:
             real_headers.update(headers)
+        api_key = (self._configuration_arg('innertube_key', [''], ie_key=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), casesense=True)[0]
+                   or api_key or self._extract_api_key(default_client=default_client))
         return self._download_json(
-            f'https://{api_hostname or self._get_innertube_host(default_client)}/youtubei/v1/{ep}',
+            f'https://{self._select_api_hostname(api_hostname, default_client)}/youtubei/v1/{ep}',
             video_id=video_id, fatal=fatal, note=note, errnote=errnote,
             data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf8'), headers=real_headers,
-            query={'key': api_key or self._extract_api_key(), 'prettyPrint': 'false'})
+            query={'key': api_key, 'prettyPrint': 'false'})
 
     def extract_yt_initial_data(self, item_id, webpage, fatal=True):
-        data = self._search_regex(
-            (fr'{self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE}\s*{self._YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE}',
-             self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE), webpage, 'yt initial data', fatal=fatal)
-        if data:
-            return self._parse_json(data, item_id, fatal=fatal)
+        return self._search_json(self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, webpage, 'yt initial data', item_id, fatal=fatal)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _extract_session_index(*data):
@@ -497,7 +489,7 @@ def _extract_session_index(*data):
     # Deprecated?
     def _extract_identity_token(self, ytcfg=None, webpage=None):
         if ytcfg:
-            token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['ID_TOKEN'], compat_str)
+            token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['ID_TOKEN'], str)
             if token:
                 return token
         if webpage:
@@ -513,12 +505,12 @@ def _extract_account_syncid(*args):
         """
         for data in args:
             # ytcfg includes channel_syncid if on secondary channel
-            delegated_sid = try_get(data, lambda x: x['DELEGATED_SESSION_ID'], compat_str)
+            delegated_sid = try_get(data, lambda x: x['DELEGATED_SESSION_ID'], str)
             if delegated_sid:
                 return delegated_sid
             sync_ids = (try_get(
                 data, (lambda x: x['responseContext']['mainAppWebResponseContext']['datasyncId'],
-                       lambda x: x['DATASYNC_ID']), compat_str) or '').split('||')
+                       lambda x: x['DATASYNC_ID']), str) or '').split('||')
             if len(sync_ids) >= 2 and sync_ids[1]:
                 # datasyncid is of the form "channel_syncid||user_syncid" for secondary channel
                 # and just "user_syncid||" for primary channel. We only want the channel_syncid
@@ -550,9 +542,9 @@ def generate_api_headers(
             self, *, ytcfg=None, account_syncid=None, session_index=None,
             visitor_data=None, identity_token=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):
 
-        origin = 'https://' + (api_hostname if api_hostname else self._get_innertube_host(default_client))
+        origin = 'https://' + (self._select_api_hostname(api_hostname, default_client))
         headers = {
-            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': compat_str(
+            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': str(
                 self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME'], default_client=default_client)),
             'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, default_client),
             'Origin': origin,
@@ -612,7 +604,7 @@ def _extract_next_continuation_data(cls, renderer):
     def _extract_continuation_ep_data(cls, continuation_ep: dict):
         if isinstance(continuation_ep, dict):
             continuation = try_get(
-                continuation_ep, lambda x: x['continuationCommand']['token'], compat_str)
+                continuation_ep, lambda x: x['continuationCommand']['token'], str)
             if not continuation:
                 return
             ctp = continuation_ep.get('clickTrackingParams')
@@ -672,7 +664,7 @@ def _extract_and_report_alerts(self, data, *args, **kwargs):
     def _extract_badges(self, renderer: dict):
         badges = set()
         for badge in try_get(renderer, lambda x: x['badges'], list) or []:
-            label = try_get(badge, lambda x: x['metadataBadgeRenderer']['label'], compat_str)
+            label = try_get(badge, lambda x: x['metadataBadgeRenderer']['label'], str)
             if label:
                 badges.add(label.lower())
         return badges
@@ -687,7 +679,7 @@ def _get_text(data, *path_list, max_runs=None):
                 if not any(key is ... or isinstance(key, (list, tuple)) for key in variadic(path)):
                     obj = [obj]
             for item in obj:
-                text = try_get(item, lambda x: x['simpleText'], compat_str)
+                text = try_get(item, lambda x: x['simpleText'], str)
                 if text:
                     return text
                 runs = try_get(item, lambda x: x['runs'], list) or []
@@ -769,74 +761,54 @@ def _extract_time_text(self, renderer, *path_list):
     def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers=None,
                           ytcfg=None, check_get_keys=None, ep='browse', fatal=True, api_hostname=None,
                           default_client='web'):
-        response = None
-        last_error = None
-        count = -1
-        retries = self.get_param('extractor_retries', 3)
-        if check_get_keys is None:
-            check_get_keys = []
-        while count < retries:
-            count += 1
-            if last_error:
-                self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % remove_end(last_error, '.'))
+        for retry in self.RetryManager():
             try:
                 response = self._call_api(
                     ep=ep, fatal=True, headers=headers,
-                    video_id=item_id, query=query,
+                    video_id=item_id, query=query, note=note,
                     context=self._extract_context(ytcfg, default_client),
                     api_key=self._extract_api_key(ytcfg, default_client),
-                    api_hostname=api_hostname, default_client=default_client,
-                    note='%s%s' % (note, ' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''))
+                    api_hostname=api_hostname, default_client=default_client)
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
-                    if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
-                        first_bytes = e.cause.read(512)
-                        if not is_html(first_bytes):
-                            yt_error = try_get(
-                                self._parse_json(
-                                    self._webpage_read_content(e.cause, None, item_id, prefix=first_bytes) or '{}', item_id, fatal=False),
-                                lambda x: x['error']['message'], compat_str)
-                            if yt_error:
-                                self._report_alerts([('ERROR', yt_error)], fatal=False)
-                    # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
-                    # Sometimes a 404 is also recieved. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
-                    # We also want to catch all other network exceptions since errors in later pages can be troublesome
-                    # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/507#issuecomment-880188210
-                    if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
-                        last_error = error_to_compat_str(e.cause or e.msg)
-                        if count < retries:
-                            continue
-                if fatal:
-                    raise
-                else:
-                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
-                    return
+                if not isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
+                    return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
+                elif not isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError):
+                    retry.error = e
+                    continue
 
-            else:
-                try:
-                    self._extract_and_report_alerts(response, only_once=True)
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    # YouTube servers may return errors we want to retry on in a 200 OK response
-                    # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/839
-                    if 'unknown error' in e.msg.lower():
-                        last_error = e.msg
-                        continue
-                    if fatal:
-                        raise
-                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
-                    return
-                if not check_get_keys or dict_get(response, check_get_keys):
-                    break
-                # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
-                # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
-                last_error = 'Incomplete data received'
-                if count >= retries:
-                    if fatal:
-                        raise ExtractorError(last_error)
-                    else:
-                        self.report_warning(last_error)
-                        return
-        return response
+                first_bytes = e.cause.read(512)
+                if not is_html(first_bytes):
+                    yt_error = try_get(
+                        self._parse_json(
+                            self._webpage_read_content(e.cause, None, item_id, prefix=first_bytes) or '{}', item_id, fatal=False),
+                        lambda x: x['error']['message'], str)
+                    if yt_error:
+                        self._report_alerts([('ERROR', yt_error)], fatal=False)
+                # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
+                # Sometimes a 404 is also recieved. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
+                # We also want to catch all other network exceptions since errors in later pages can be troublesome
+                # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/507#issuecomment-880188210
+                if e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
+                    retry.error = e
+                    continue
+                return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
+
+            try:
+                self._extract_and_report_alerts(response, only_once=True)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                # YouTube servers may return errors we want to retry on in a 200 OK response
+                # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/839
+                if 'unknown error' in e.msg.lower():
+                    retry.error = e
+                    continue
+                return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
+            # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
+            # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
+            if not traverse_obj(response, *variadic(check_get_keys)):
+                retry.error = ExtractorError('Incomplete data received')
+                continue
+
+            return response
 
     @staticmethod
     def is_music_url(url):
@@ -935,6 +907,19 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                      (?:\#|$)""" % {
         'invidious': '|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
     }
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'''(?x)
+        (?:
+            <iframe[^>]+?src=|
+            data-video-url=|
+            <embed[^>]+?src=|
+            embedSWF\(?:\s*|
+            <object[^>]+data=|
+            new\s+SWFObject\(
+        )
+        (["\'])
+            (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
+            (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
+        \1''']
     _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
         r'/s/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player',
         r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player(?:_ias\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?|-plasma-ias-(?:phone|tablet)-[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]{2}\.vflset)/base\.js$',
@@ -1081,6 +1066,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'age_limit': 0,
                 'start_time': 1,
                 'end_time': 9,
+                'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int
             }
         },
@@ -1125,6 +1111,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BaW_jenozKc/maxresdefault.jpg',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'age_limit': 0,
+                'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int
             },
             'params': {
@@ -1267,6 +1254,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'categories': ['Entertainment'],
                 'duration': 106,
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
+                'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int
             },
         },
@@ -1354,7 +1342,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'upload_date': '20150827',
                 'uploader_id': 'olympic',
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
-                'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
+                'description': 'md5:04bbbf3ccceb6795947572ca36f45904',
                 'uploader': 'Olympics',
                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
                 'like_count': int,
@@ -1403,6 +1391,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'availability': 'unlisted',
+                'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int
             },
         },
@@ -1631,6 +1620,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/M4gD1WSo5mA/maxresdefault.webp',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int
             },
             'params': {
@@ -1663,6 +1653,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'view_count': int,
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
+                'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int
             },
             'params': {
@@ -1927,6 +1918,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'view_count': int,
                 'duration': 522,
                 'channel': 'kudvenkat',
+                'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int
             },
             'params': {
@@ -2148,6 +2140,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'availability': 'public',
                 'channel': 'Leon Nguyen',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/2NUZ8W2llS4/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int
             }
         }, {
@@ -2211,33 +2204,95 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'params': {'skip_download': True}
         }, {
             # Story. Requires specific player params to work.
-            # Note: stories get removed after some period of time
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN3x1t3sieA',
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vv8qTUWmulI',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'yN3x1t3sieA',
+                'id': 'vv8qTUWmulI',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
-                'uploader': 'Linus Tech Tips',
-                'duration': 13,
-                'channel': 'Linus Tech Tips',
+                'availability': 'unlisted',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'UCzIZ8HrzDgc-pNQDUG6avBA',
+                'upload_date': '20220526',
+                'categories': ['Education'],
+                'title': 'Story',
+                'channel': 'IT\'S HISTORY',
+                'description': '',
+                'uploader_id': 'BlastfromthePast',
+                'duration': 12,
+                'uploader': 'IT\'S HISTORY',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'tags': [],
                 'age_limit': 0,
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/LinusTechTips',
-                'upload_date': '20220402',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/yN3x1t3sieA/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'title': 'Story',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'uploader_id': 'LinusTechTips',
+                'tags': [],
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/vv8qTUWmulI/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/BlastfromthePast',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzIZ8HrzDgc-pNQDUG6avBA',
+            },
+            'skip': 'stories get removed after some period of time',
+        }, {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjjjtzRLHvA',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'tjjjtzRLHvA',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'ハッシュタグ無し };if window.ytcsi',
+                'upload_date': '20220323',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'availability': 'unlisted',
+                'channel': 'nao20010128nao',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/tjjjtzRLHvA/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'uploader': 'nao20010128nao',
+                'uploader_id': 'nao20010128nao',
+                'categories': ['Music'],
                 'view_count': int,
                 'description': '',
-                'channel_id': 'UCXuqSBlHAE6Xw-yeJA0Tunw',
-                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXuqSBlHAE6Xw-yeJA0Tunw',
-                'availability': 'unlisted',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdqltm_7iv1Vs6kp6Syke5A',
+                'channel_id': 'UCdqltm_7iv1Vs6kp6Syke5A',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'duration': 6,
+                'tags': [],
+                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/nao20010128nao',
             }
         }
     ]
 
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [
+        # YouTube <object> embed
+        {
+            'url': 'http://www.improbable.com/2017/04/03/untrained-modern-youths-and-ancient-masters-in-selfie-portraits/',
+            'md5': '873c81d308b979f0e23ee7e620b312a3',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'msN87y-iEx0',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Feynman: Mirrors FUN TO IMAGINE 6',
+                'upload_date': '20080526',
+                'description': 'md5:873c81d308b979f0e23ee7e620b312a3',
+                'uploader': 'Christopher Sykes',
+                'uploader_id': 'ChristopherJSykes',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'tags': ['feynman', 'mirror', 'science', 'physics', 'imagination', 'fun', 'cool', 'puzzle'],
+                'channel_id': 'UCCeo--lls1vna5YJABWAcVA',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/msN87y-iEx0/hqdefault.jpg',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel': 'Christopher Sykes',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCeo--lls1vna5YJABWAcVA',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'duration': 195,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/ChristopherJSykes',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            }
+        },
+    ]
+
     @classmethod
     def suitable(cls, url):
         from ..utils import parse_qs
@@ -2270,7 +2325,7 @@ def refetch_manifest(format_id, delay):
             microformats = traverse_obj(
                 prs, (..., 'microformat', 'playerMicroformatRenderer'),
                 expected_type=dict, default=[])
-            _, is_live, _, formats = self._list_formats(video_id, microformats, video_details, prs, player_url)
+            _, is_live, _, formats, _ = self._list_formats(video_id, microformats, video_details, prs, player_url)
             start_time = time.time()
 
         def mpd_feed(format_id, delay):
@@ -2319,7 +2374,7 @@ def _extract_sequence_from_mpd(refresh_sequence, immediate):
             # Obtain from MPD's maximum seq value
             old_mpd_url = mpd_url
             last_error = ctx.pop('last_error', None)
-            expire_fast = immediate or last_error and isinstance(last_error, compat_HTTPError) and last_error.code == 403
+            expire_fast = immediate or last_error and isinstance(last_error, urllib.error.HTTPError) and last_error.code == 403
             mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = (mpd_feed(format_id, 5 if expire_fast else 18000)
                                                or (mpd_url, stream_number, False))
             if not refresh_sequence:
@@ -2386,6 +2441,7 @@ def _extract_sequence_from_mpd(refresh_sequence, immediate):
                     last_segment_url = urljoin(fragment_base_url, 'sq/%d' % idx)
                     yield {
                         'url': last_segment_url,
+                        'fragment_count': last_seq,
                     }
                 if known_idx == last_seq:
                     no_fragment_score += 5
@@ -2400,7 +2456,7 @@ def _extract_sequence_from_mpd(refresh_sequence, immediate):
     def _extract_player_url(self, *ytcfgs, webpage=None):
         player_url = traverse_obj(
             ytcfgs, (..., 'PLAYER_JS_URL'), (..., 'WEB_PLAYER_CONTEXT_CONFIGS', ..., 'jsUrl'),
-            get_all=False, expected_type=compat_str)
+            get_all=False, expected_type=str)
         if not player_url:
             return
         return urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
@@ -2417,7 +2473,7 @@ def _download_player_url(self, video_id, fatal=False):
 
     def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
-        return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
+        return '.'.join(str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
 
     @classmethod
     def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
@@ -2447,7 +2503,8 @@ def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
         func_id = f'js_{player_id}_{self._signature_cache_id(example_sig)}'
         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
 
-        cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
+        self.write_debug(f'Extracting signature function {func_id}')
+        cache_spec = self.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
         if cache_spec is not None:
             return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
 
@@ -2455,11 +2512,11 @@ def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
         if code:
             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
 
-            test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
+            test_string = ''.join(map(chr, range(len(example_sig))))
             cache_res = res(test_string)
             cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
 
-            self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
+            self.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
             return res
 
     def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
@@ -2494,12 +2551,12 @@ def _genslice(start, end, step):
             else:
                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
 
-        test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
+        test_string = ''.join(map(chr, range(len(example_sig))))
         cache_res = func(test_string)
         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
         expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
         signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
-            ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
+            ', '.join(str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
         code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
                 '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
@@ -2530,22 +2587,16 @@ def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
 
     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url):
         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
-
-        if player_url is None:
-            raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')
-
         try:
             player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
             if player_id not in self._player_cache:
-                func = self._extract_signature_function(
-                    video_id, player_url, s
-                )
+                func = self._extract_signature_function(video_id, player_url, s)
                 self._player_cache[player_id] = func
             func = self._player_cache[player_id]
             self._print_sig_code(func, s)
             return func(s)
         except Exception as e:
-            raise ExtractorError('Signature extraction failed: ' + traceback.format_exc(), cause=e)
+            raise ExtractorError(traceback.format_exc(), cause=e, video_id=video_id)
 
     def _decrypt_nsig(self, s, video_id, player_url):
         """Turn the encrypted n field into a working signature"""
@@ -2580,7 +2631,7 @@ def _extract_n_function_name(self, jscode):
 
     def _extract_n_function(self, video_id, player_url):
         player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
-        func_code = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-nsig', player_id)
+        func_code = self.cache.load('youtube-nsig', player_id)
 
         if func_code:
             jsi = JSInterpreter(func_code)
@@ -2589,7 +2640,7 @@ def _extract_n_function(self, video_id, player_url):
             funcname = self._extract_n_function_name(jscode)
             jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
             func_code = jsi.extract_function_code(funcname)
-            self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-nsig', player_id, func_code)
+            self.cache.store('youtube-nsig', player_id, func_code)
 
         if self.get_param('youtube_print_sig_code'):
             self.to_screen(f'Extracted nsig function from {player_id}:\n{func_code[1]}\n')
@@ -2621,74 +2672,76 @@ def _extract_signature_timestamp(self, video_id, player_url, ytcfg=None, fatal=F
         return sts
 
     def _mark_watched(self, video_id, player_responses):
-        playback_url = get_first(
-            player_responses, ('playbackTracking', 'videostatsPlaybackUrl', 'baseUrl'),
-            expected_type=url_or_none)
-        if not playback_url:
-            self.report_warning('Unable to mark watched')
-            return
-        parsed_playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(playback_url)
-        qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_playback_url.query)
+        for is_full, key in enumerate(('videostatsPlaybackUrl', 'videostatsWatchtimeUrl')):
+            label = 'fully ' if is_full else ''
+            url = get_first(player_responses, ('playbackTracking', key, 'baseUrl'),
+                            expected_type=url_or_none)
+            if not url:
+                self.report_warning(f'Unable to mark {label}watched')
+                return
+            parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+            qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed_url.query)
+
+            # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
+            # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
+            CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
+            cpn = ''.join(CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(0, 16))
+
+            # # more consistent results setting it to right before the end
+            video_length = [str(float((qs.get('len') or ['1.5'])[0]) - 1)]
+
+            qs.update({
+                'ver': ['2'],
+                'cpn': [cpn],
+                'cmt': video_length,
+                'el': 'detailpage',  # otherwise defaults to "shorts"
+            })
 
-        # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
-        # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
-        CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
-        cpn = ''.join(CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(0, 16))
+            if is_full:
+                # these seem to mark watchtime "history" in the real world
+                # they're required, so send in a single value
+                qs.update({
+                    'st': video_length,
+                    'et': video_length,
+                })
 
-        qs.update({
-            'ver': ['2'],
-            'cpn': [cpn],
-        })
-        playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
-            parsed_playback_url._replace(query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))
+            url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
+                parsed_url._replace(query=urllib.parse.urlencode(qs, True)))
 
-        self._download_webpage(
-            playback_url, video_id, 'Marking watched',
-            'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
+            self._download_webpage(
+                url, video_id, f'Marking {label}watched',
+                'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_urls(webpage):
-        # Embedded YouTube player
-        entries = [
-            unescapeHTML(mobj.group('url'))
-            for mobj in re.finditer(r'''(?x)
-            (?:
-                <iframe[^>]+?src=|
-                data-video-url=|
-                <embed[^>]+?src=|
-                embedSWF\(?:\s*|
-                <object[^>]+data=|
-                new\s+SWFObject\(
-            )
-            (["\'])
-                (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
-                (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
-            \1''', webpage)]
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_from_webpage(cls, url, webpage):
+        # Invidious Instances
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/195
+        # https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/1730
+        mobj = re.search(
+            r'<link rel="alternate" href="(?P<url>https://www\.youtube\.com/watch\?v=[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})"',
+            webpage)
+        if mobj:
+            yield cls.url_result(mobj.group('url'), cls)
+            raise cls.StopExtraction()
+
+        yield from super()._extract_from_webpage(url, webpage)
 
         # lazyYT YouTube embed
-        entries.extend(list(map(
-            unescapeHTML,
-            re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage))))
+        for id_ in re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage):
+            yield cls.url_result(unescapeHTML(id_), cls, id_)
 
         # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
-        matches = re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
-            class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
-            data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage)
-        entries.extend(m[-1] for m in matches)
-
-        return entries
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_url(webpage):
-        urls = YoutubeIE._extract_urls(webpage)
-        return urls[0] if urls else None
+        for m in re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
+                class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
+                data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage):
+            yield cls.url_result(m[-1], cls, m[-1])
 
     @classmethod
     def extract_id(cls, url):
-        mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
-        if mobj is None:
-            raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
-        return mobj.group('id')
+        video_id = cls.get_temp_id(url)
+        if not video_id:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Invalid URL: {url}')
+        return video_id
 
     def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, data, duration):
         chapter_list = traverse_obj(
@@ -2713,39 +2766,36 @@ def _extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(self, data, duration):
         chapter_time = lambda chapter: parse_duration(self._get_text(chapter, 'timeDescription'))
         chapter_title = lambda chapter: self._get_text(chapter, 'title')
 
-        return next((
-            filter(None, (
-                self._extract_chapters(
-                    traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'macroMarkersListItemRenderer')),
-                    chapter_time, chapter_title, duration)
-                for contents in content_list
-            ))), [])
-
-    def _extract_chapters(self, chapter_list, chapter_time, chapter_title, duration):
-        chapters = []
-        last_chapter = {'start_time': 0}
-        for idx, chapter in enumerate(chapter_list or []):
-            title = chapter_title(chapter)
-            start_time = chapter_time(chapter)
-            if start_time is None:
-                continue
-            last_chapter['end_time'] = start_time
-            if start_time < last_chapter['start_time']:
-                if idx == 1:
-                    chapters.pop()
-                    self.report_warning('Invalid start time for chapter "%s"' % last_chapter['title'])
-                else:
-                    self.report_warning(f'Invalid start time for chapter "{title}"')
-                    continue
-            last_chapter = {'start_time': start_time, 'title': title}
-            chapters.append(last_chapter)
-        last_chapter['end_time'] = duration
-        return chapters
+        return next(filter(None, (
+            self._extract_chapters(traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'macroMarkersListItemRenderer')),
+                                   chapter_time, chapter_title, duration)
+            for contents in content_list)), [])
 
-    def _extract_yt_initial_variable(self, webpage, regex, video_id, name):
-        return self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            (fr'{regex}\s*{self._YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE}',
-             regex), webpage, name, default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False)
+    def _extract_chapters_from_description(self, description, duration):
+        return self._extract_chapters(
+            re.findall(r'(?m)^((?:\d+:)?\d{1,2}:\d{2})\b\W*\s(.+?)\s*$', description or ''),
+            chapter_time=lambda x: parse_duration(x[0]), chapter_title=lambda x: x[1],
+            duration=duration, strict=False)
+
+    def _extract_chapters(self, chapter_list, chapter_time, chapter_title, duration, strict=True):
+        if not duration:
+            return
+        chapter_list = [{
+            'start_time': chapter_time(chapter),
+            'title': chapter_title(chapter),
+        } for chapter in chapter_list or []]
+        if not strict:
+            chapter_list.sort(key=lambda c: c['start_time'] or 0)
+
+        chapters = [{'start_time': 0}]
+        for idx, chapter in enumerate(chapter_list):
+            if chapter['start_time'] is None:
+                self.report_warning(f'Incomplete chapter {idx}')
+            elif chapters[-1]['start_time'] <= chapter['start_time'] <= duration:
+                chapters.append(chapter)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Invalid start time for chapter "{chapter["title"]}"')
+        return chapters[1:]
 
     def _extract_comment(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
         comment_id = comment_renderer.get('commentId')
@@ -2758,12 +2808,12 @@ def _extract_comment(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
         timestamp, time_text = self._extract_time_text(comment_renderer, 'publishedTimeText')
         author = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'authorText')
         author_id = try_get(comment_renderer,
-                            lambda x: x['authorEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], compat_str)
+                            lambda x: x['authorEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], str)
 
         votes = parse_count(try_get(comment_renderer, (lambda x: x['voteCount']['simpleText'],
-                                                       lambda x: x['likeCount']), compat_str)) or 0
+                                                       lambda x: x['likeCount']), str)) or 0
         author_thumbnail = try_get(comment_renderer,
-                                   lambda x: x['authorThumbnail']['thumbnails'][-1]['url'], compat_str)
+                                   lambda x: x['authorThumbnail']['thumbnails'][-1]['url'], str)
 
         author_is_uploader = try_get(comment_renderer, lambda x: x['authorIsChannelOwner'], bool)
         is_favorited = 'creatorHeart' in (try_get(
@@ -3028,9 +3078,8 @@ def _get_requested_clients(self, url, smuggled_data):
     def _extract_player_responses(self, clients, video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg):
         initial_pr = None
         if webpage:
-            initial_pr = self._extract_yt_initial_variable(
-                webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE,
-                video_id, 'initial player response')
+            initial_pr = self._search_json(
+                self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE, webpage, 'initial player response', video_id, fatal=False)
 
         all_clients = set(clients)
         clients = clients[::-1]
@@ -3101,7 +3150,7 @@ def append_client(*client_names):
             self.report_warning(last_error)
         return prs, player_url
 
-    def _extract_formats(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live, duration):
+    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live, duration):
         itags, stream_ids = {}, []
         itag_qualities, res_qualities = {}, {}
         q = qualities([
@@ -3144,16 +3193,20 @@ def _extract_formats(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live, durati
 
             fmt_url = fmt.get('url')
             if not fmt_url:
-                sc = compat_parse_qs(fmt.get('signatureCipher'))
+                sc = urllib.parse.parse_qs(fmt.get('signatureCipher'))
                 fmt_url = url_or_none(try_get(sc, lambda x: x['url'][0]))
                 encrypted_sig = try_get(sc, lambda x: x['s'][0])
-                if not (sc and fmt_url and encrypted_sig):
+                if not all((sc, fmt_url, player_url, encrypted_sig)):
                     continue
-                if not player_url:
+                try:
+                    fmt_url += '&%s=%s' % (
+                        traverse_obj(sc, ('sp', -1)) or 'signature',
+                        self._decrypt_signature(encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url)
+                    )
+                except ExtractorError as e:
+                    self.report_warning('Signature extraction failed: Some formats may be missing', only_once=True)
+                    self.write_debug(e, only_once=True)
                     continue
-                signature = self._decrypt_signature(sc['s'][0], video_id, player_url)
-                sp = try_get(sc, lambda x: x['sp'][0]) or 'signature'
-                fmt_url += '&' + sp + '=' + signature
 
             query = parse_qs(fmt_url)
             throttled = False
@@ -3164,7 +3217,8 @@ def _extract_formats(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live, durati
                 except ExtractorError as e:
                     self.report_warning(
                         'nsig extraction failed: You may experience throttling for some formats\n'
-                        f'n = {query["n"][0]} ; player = {player_url}\n{e}', only_once=True)
+                        f'n = {query["n"][0]} ; player = {player_url}', only_once=True)
+                    self.write_debug(e, only_once=True)
                     throttled = True
 
             if itag:
@@ -3253,17 +3307,22 @@ def process_manifest_format(f, proto, itag):
                 if val in qdict), -1)
             return True
 
+        subtitles = {}
         for sd in streaming_data:
             hls_manifest_url = get_hls and sd.get('hlsManifestUrl')
             if hls_manifest_url:
-                for f in self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False):
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, live=is_live)
+                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)
+                for f in fmts:
                     if process_manifest_format(f, 'hls', self._search_regex(
                             r'/itag/(\d+)', f['url'], 'itag', default=None)):
                         yield f
 
             dash_manifest_url = get_dash and sd.get('dashManifestUrl')
             if dash_manifest_url:
-                for f in self._extract_mpd_formats(dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False):
+                formats, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False)
+                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)  # Prioritize HLS subs over DASH
+                for f in formats:
                     if process_manifest_format(f, 'dash', f['format_id']):
                         f['filesize'] = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                             r'/clen/(\d+)', f.get('fragment_base_url') or f['url'], 'file size', default=None))
@@ -3271,6 +3330,7 @@ def process_manifest_format(f, proto, itag):
                             f['is_from_start'] = True
 
                         yield f
+        yield subtitles
 
     def _extract_storyboard(self, player_responses, duration):
         spec = get_first(
@@ -3301,6 +3361,9 @@ def _extract_storyboard(self, player_responses, duration):
                 'url': url,
                 'width': width,
                 'height': height,
+                'fps': frame_count / duration,
+                'rows': rows,
+                'columns': cols,
                 'fragments': [{
                     'url': url.replace('$M', str(j)),
                     'duration': min(fragment_duration, duration - (j * fragment_duration)),
@@ -3328,9 +3391,9 @@ def _list_formats(self, video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses,
             is_live = get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'isLiveNow')
 
         streaming_data = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'streamingData'), default=[])
-        formats = list(self._extract_formats(streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live, duration))
+        *formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live, duration)
 
-        return live_broadcast_details, is_live, streaming_data, formats
+        return live_broadcast_details, is_live, streaming_data, formats, subtitles
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
@@ -3380,12 +3443,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
                     # fields may contain comma as well (see
                     # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
-                    feed_data = compat_parse_qs(
-                        compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))
+                    feed_data = urllib.parse.parse_qs(
+                        urllib.parse.unquote_plus(feed))
 
                     def feed_entry(name):
                         return try_get(
-                            feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], compat_str)
+                            feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], str)
 
                     feed_id = feed_entry('id')
                     if not feed_id:
@@ -3414,8 +3477,8 @@ def feed_entry(name):
             or get_first(microformats, 'lengthSeconds')
             or parse_duration(search_meta('duration'))) or None
 
-        live_broadcast_details, is_live, streaming_data, formats = self._list_formats(
-            video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses, player_url, duration)
+        live_broadcast_details, is_live, streaming_data, formats, automatic_captions = \
+            self._list_formats(video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses, player_url)
 
         if not formats:
             if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., 'licenseInfos')):
@@ -3465,7 +3528,7 @@ def feed_entry(name):
         # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/340
         # List of possible thumbnails - Ref: <https://stackoverflow.com/a/20542029>
         thumbnail_names = [
-            # While the *1,*2,*3 thumbnails are just below their correspnding "*default" variants
+            # While the *1,*2,*3 thumbnails are just below their corresponding "*default" variants
             # in resolution, these are not the custom thumbnail. So de-prioritize them
             'maxresdefault', 'hq720', 'sddefault', 'hqdefault', '0', 'mqdefault', 'default',
             'sd1', 'sd2', 'sd3', 'hq1', 'hq2', 'hq3', 'mq1', 'mq2', 'mq3', '1', '2', '3'
@@ -3506,8 +3569,7 @@ def feed_entry(name):
 
         formats.extend(self._extract_storyboard(player_responses, duration))
 
-        # Source is given priority since formats that throttle are given lower source_preference
-        # When throttling issue is fully fixed, remove this
+        # source_preference is lower for throttled/potentially damaged formats
         self._sort_formats(formats, ('quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'codec:vp9.2', 'lang', 'proto'))
 
         info = {
@@ -3523,7 +3585,7 @@ def feed_entry(name):
             'uploader_id': self._search_regex(r'/(?:channel|user)/([^/?&#]+)', owner_profile_url, 'uploader id') if owner_profile_url else None,
             'uploader_url': owner_profile_url,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
-            'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, template='https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s'),
+            'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s'),
             'duration': duration,
             'view_count': int_or_none(
                 get_first((video_details, microformats), (..., 'viewCount'))
@@ -3545,6 +3607,15 @@ def feed_entry(name):
             'release_timestamp': live_start_time,
         }
 
+        if get_first(video_details, 'isPostLiveDvr'):
+            self.write_debug('Video is in Post-Live Manifestless mode')
+            info['live_status'] = 'post_live'
+            if (duration or 0) > 4 * 3600:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    'The livestream has not finished processing. Only 4 hours of the video can be currently downloaded. '
+                    'This is a known issue and patches are welcome')
+
+        subtitles = {}
         pctr = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
         if pctr:
             def get_lang_code(track):
@@ -3571,7 +3642,9 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                         'name': sub_name,
                     })
 
-            subtitles, automatic_captions = {}, {}
+            # NB: Constructing the full subtitle dictionary is slow
+            get_translated_subs = 'translated_subs' not in self._configuration_arg('skip') and (
+                self.get_param('writeautomaticsub', False) or self.get_param('listsubtitles'))
             for lang_code, caption_track in captions.items():
                 base_url = caption_track.get('baseUrl')
                 orig_lang = parse_qs(base_url).get('lang', [None])[-1]
@@ -3590,10 +3663,10 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                         continue
                     orig_trans_code = trans_code
                     if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
-                        if 'translated_subs' in self._configuration_arg('skip'):
+                        if not get_translated_subs:
                             continue
                         trans_code += f'-{lang_code}'
-                        trans_name += format_field(lang_name, template=' from %s')
+                        trans_name += format_field(lang_name, None, ' from %s')
                     # Add an "-orig" label to the original language so that it can be distinguished.
                     # The subs are returned without "-orig" as well for compatibility
                     if lang_code == f'a-{orig_trans_code}':
@@ -3602,12 +3675,13 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                     # Setting tlang=lang returns damaged subtitles.
                     process_language(automatic_captions, base_url, trans_code, trans_name,
                                      {} if orig_lang == orig_trans_code else {'tlang': trans_code})
-            info['automatic_captions'] = automatic_captions
-            info['subtitles'] = subtitles
 
-        parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
+        info['automatic_captions'] = automatic_captions
+        info['subtitles'] = subtitles
+
+        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
         for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
-            query = compat_parse_qs(component)
+            query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(component)
             for k, v in query.items():
                 for d_k, s_ks in [('start', ('start', 't')), ('end', ('end',))]:
                     d_k += '_time'
@@ -3616,7 +3690,15 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
 
         # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
         if video_description:
-            mobj = re.search(r'(?s)(?P<track>[^·\n]+)·(?P<artist>[^\n]+)\n+(?P<album>[^\n]+)(?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?(?:.+?Released on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?(.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))?.+\nAuto-generated by YouTube\.\s*$', video_description)
+            mobj = re.search(
+                r'''(?xs)
+                    (?P<track>[^·\n]+)·(?P<artist>[^\n]+)\n+
+                    (?P<album>[^\n]+)
+                    (?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?
+                    (?:.+?Released on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?
+                    (.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))?
+                    .+\nAuto-generated\ by\ YouTube\.\s*$
+                ''', video_description)
             if mobj:
                 release_year = mobj.group('release_year')
                 release_date = mobj.group('release_date')
@@ -3634,9 +3716,7 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
 
         initial_data = None
         if webpage:
-            initial_data = self._extract_yt_initial_variable(
-                webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, video_id,
-                'yt initial data')
+            initial_data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(video_id, webpage, fatal=False)
         if not initial_data:
             query = {'videoId': video_id}
             query.update(self._get_checkok_params())
@@ -3646,13 +3726,22 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                 headers=self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=master_ytcfg),
                 note='Downloading initial data API JSON')
 
+        info['comment_count'] = traverse_obj(initial_data, (
+            'contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'results', 'results', 'contents', ..., 'itemSectionRenderer',
+            'contents', ..., 'commentsEntryPointHeaderRenderer', 'commentCount', 'simpleText'
+        ), (
+            'engagementPanels', lambda _, v: v['engagementPanelSectionListRenderer']['panelIdentifier'] == 'comment-item-section',
+            'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'header', 'engagementPanelTitleHeaderRenderer', 'contextualInfo', 'runs', ..., 'text'
+        ), expected_type=int_or_none, get_all=False)
+
         try:  # This will error if there is no livechat
             initial_data['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['conversationBar']['liveChatRenderer']['continuations'][0]['reloadContinuationData']['continuation']
         except (KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
             pass
         else:
             info.setdefault('subtitles', {})['live_chat'] = [{
-                'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',  # url is needed to set cookies
+                # url is needed to set cookies
+                'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}&bpctr=9999999999&has_verified=1',
                 'video_id': video_id,
                 'ext': 'json',
                 'protocol': 'youtube_live_chat' if is_live or is_upcoming else 'youtube_live_chat_replay',
@@ -3662,6 +3751,7 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
             info['chapters'] = (
                 self._extract_chapters_from_json(initial_data, duration)
                 or self._extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(initial_data, duration)
+                or self._extract_chapters_from_description(video_description, duration)
                 or None)
 
         contents = traverse_obj(
@@ -3884,7 +3974,7 @@ def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
             # generic endpoint URL support
             ep_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', try_get(
                 renderer, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
-                compat_str))
+                str))
             if ep_url:
                 for ie in (YoutubeTabIE, YoutubePlaylistIE, YoutubeIE):
                     if ie.suitable(ep_url):
@@ -3928,7 +4018,7 @@ def _shelf_entries_from_content(self, shelf_renderer):
     def _shelf_entries(self, shelf_renderer, skip_channels=False):
         ep = try_get(
             shelf_renderer, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
-            compat_str)
+            str)
         shelf_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', ep)
         if shelf_url:
             # Skipping links to another channels, note that checking for
@@ -3988,7 +4078,7 @@ def _post_thread_entries(self, post_thread_renderer):
                 yield entry
         # playlist attachment
         playlist_id = try_get(
-            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['playlistRenderer']['playlistId'], compat_str)
+            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['playlistRenderer']['playlistId'], str)
         if playlist_id:
             yield self.url_result(
                 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id,
@@ -3999,7 +4089,7 @@ def _post_thread_entries(self, post_thread_renderer):
             if not isinstance(run, dict):
                 continue
             ep_url = try_get(
-                run, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['urlEndpoint']['url'], compat_str)
+                run, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['urlEndpoint']['url'], str)
             if not ep_url:
                 continue
             if not YoutubeIE.suitable(ep_url):
@@ -4015,9 +4105,12 @@ def _post_thread_continuation_entries(self, post_thread_continuation):
             return
         for content in contents:
             renderer = content.get('backstagePostThreadRenderer')
-            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
+            if isinstance(renderer, dict):
+                yield from self._post_thread_entries(renderer)
                 continue
-            yield from self._post_thread_entries(renderer)
+            renderer = content.get('videoRenderer')
+            if isinstance(renderer, dict):
+                yield self._video_entry(renderer)
 
     r''' # unused
     def _rich_grid_entries(self, contents):
@@ -4173,10 +4266,10 @@ def _extract_uploader(self, data):
             uploader['uploader'] = self._search_regex(
                 r'^by (.+) and \d+ others?$', owner_text, 'uploader', default=owner_text)
             uploader['uploader_id'] = try_get(
-                owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], compat_str)
+                owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], str)
             uploader['uploader_url'] = urljoin(
                 'https://www.youtube.com/',
-                try_get(owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['canonicalBaseUrl'], compat_str))
+                try_get(owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['canonicalBaseUrl'], str))
         return {k: v for k, v in uploader.items() if v is not None}
 
     def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs):
@@ -4304,13 +4397,13 @@ def _extract_inline_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg):
 
     def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist, ytcfg):
         title = playlist.get('title') or try_get(
-            data, lambda x: x['titleText']['simpleText'], compat_str)
+            data, lambda x: x['titleText']['simpleText'], str)
         playlist_id = playlist.get('playlistId') or item_id
 
         # Delegating everything except mix playlists to regular tab-based playlist URL
         playlist_url = urljoin(url, try_get(
             playlist, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
-            compat_str))
+            str))
 
         # Some playlists are unviewable but YouTube still provides a link to the (broken) playlist page [1]
         # [1] MLCT, RLTDwFCb4jeqaKWnciAYM-ZVHg
@@ -4381,7 +4474,7 @@ def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, ytcfg):
                 continue
             nav_item_renderer = menu_item.get('menuNavigationItemRenderer')
             text = try_get(
-                nav_item_renderer, lambda x: x['text']['simpleText'], compat_str)
+                nav_item_renderer, lambda x: x['text']['simpleText'], str)
             if not text or text.lower() != 'show unavailable videos':
                 continue
             browse_endpoint = try_get(
@@ -4407,48 +4500,30 @@ def skip_webpage(self):
         return 'webpage' in self._configuration_arg('skip', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
 
     def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id, fatal=True):
-        retries = self.get_param('extractor_retries', 3)
-        count = -1
-        webpage = data = last_error = None
-        while count < retries:
-            count += 1
-            # Sometimes youtube returns a webpage with incomplete ytInitialData
-            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/116
-            if last_error:
-                self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % last_error)
+        webpage, data = None, None
+        for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=fatal):
             try:
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                    url, item_id,
-                    note='Downloading webpage%s' % (' (retry #%d)' % count if count else '',))
+                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, item_id, note='Downloading webpage')
                 data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(item_id, webpage or '', fatal=fatal) or {}
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
-                    if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
-                        last_error = error_to_compat_str(e.cause or e.msg)
-                        if count < retries:
-                            continue
-                if fatal:
-                    raise
-                self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
+                    if not isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
+                        retry.error = e
+                        continue
+                self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
                 break
-            else:
-                try:
-                    self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    if fatal:
-                        raise
-                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
-                    break
 
-                if dict_get(data, ('contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint', 'onResponseReceivedActions')):
-                    break
+            try:
+                self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
+                break
 
-                last_error = 'Incomplete yt initial data received'
-                if count >= retries:
-                    if fatal:
-                        raise ExtractorError(last_error)
-                    self.report_warning(last_error)
-                    break
+            # Sometimes youtube returns a webpage with incomplete ytInitialData
+            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/116
+            if not traverse_obj(data, 'contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint', 'onResponseReceivedActions'):
+                retry.error = ExtractorError('Incomplete yt initial data received')
+                continue
 
         return webpage, data
 
@@ -4945,7 +5020,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ/live',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'GgL890LIznQ',  # This will keep changing
+            'id': 'Wq15eF5vCbI',  # This will keep changing
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': str,
             'uploader': 'Sky News',
@@ -5065,7 +5140,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
             'description': 'Providing you with copyright free / safe music for gaming, live streaming, studying and more!',
             'uploader_id': 'UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
-            'title': 'NCS Releases',
+            'title': 'NCS : All Releases 💿',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/NoCopyrightSounds',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/NoCopyrightSounds',
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
@@ -5134,7 +5209,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'title': 'yt-dlp unlisted playlist test',
             'availability': 'unlisted',
             'tags': [],
-            'modified_date': '20211208',
+            'modified_date': '20220418',
             'channel': 'colethedj',
             'view_count': int,
             'description': '',
@@ -5222,6 +5297,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'channel': 'pukkandan',
             'description': 'Test for collaborative playlist',
             'title': 'yt-dlp test - collaborative playlist',
+            'view_count': int,
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 2
@@ -5236,8 +5312,8 @@ def suitable(cls, url):
     @YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor.passthrough_smuggled_data
     def _real_extract(self, url, smuggled_data):
         item_id = self._match_id(url)
-        url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
-            compat_urlparse.urlparse(url)._replace(netloc='www.youtube.com'))
+        url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
+            urllib.parse.urlparse(url)._replace(netloc='www.youtube.com'))
         compat_opts = self.get_param('compat_opts', [])
 
         def get_mobj(url):
@@ -5257,7 +5333,7 @@ def get_mobj(url):
                     mdata = self._extract_tab_endpoint(
                         f'https://music.youtube.com/channel/{item_id}', item_id, default_client='web_music')
                     murl = traverse_obj(mdata, ('microformat', 'microformatDataRenderer', 'urlCanonical'),
-                                        get_all=False, expected_type=compat_str)
+                                        get_all=False, expected_type=str)
                     if not murl:
                         raise ExtractorError('Failed to resolve album to playlist')
                     return self.url_result(murl, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
@@ -5314,9 +5390,8 @@ def get_mobj(url):
                 selected_tab_name = 'featured'
             requested_tab_name = mobj['tab'][1:]
             if 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
-                if requested_tab_name == 'live':
-                    # Live tab should have redirected to the video
-                    raise ExtractorError('The channel is not currently live', expected=True)
+                if requested_tab_name == 'live':  # Live tab should have redirected to the video
+                    raise UserNotLive(video_id=mobj['id'])
                 if requested_tab_name not in ('', selected_tab_name):
                     redirect_warning = f'The channel does not have a {requested_tab_name} tab'
                     if not original_tab_name:
@@ -5429,7 +5504,7 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
         'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
-        'playlist_mincount': 654,
+        'playlist_mincount': 455,
         'info_dict': {
             'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
             'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
@@ -5502,6 +5577,8 @@ class YoutubeYtBeIE(InfoExtractor):
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
             'availability': 'public',
             'duration': 59,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int
         },
         'params': {
             'noplaylist': True,
@@ -5622,11 +5699,13 @@ def _extract_notification_renderer(self, notification):
         channel = traverse_obj(
             notification, ('contextualMenu', 'menuRenderer', 'items', 1, 'menuServiceItemRenderer', 'text', 'runs', 1, 'text'),
             expected_type=str)
+        notification_title = self._get_text(notification, 'shortMessage')
+        if notification_title:
+            notification_title = notification_title.replace('\xad', '')  # remove soft hyphens
+        # TODO: handle recommended videos
         title = self._search_regex(
-            rf'{re.escape(channel)} [^:]+: (.+)', self._get_text(notification, 'shortMessage'),
+            rf'{re.escape(channel or "")}[^:]+: (.+)', notification_title,
             'video title', default=None)
-        if title:
-            title = title.replace('\xad', '')  # remove soft hyphens
         upload_date = (strftime_or_none(self._extract_time_text(notification, 'sentTimeText')[0], '%Y%m%d')
                        if self._configuration_arg('approximate_date', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
                        else None)
@@ -5717,10 +5796,11 @@ class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '#cats',
             'title': '#cats',
-            'entries': [{
-                'url': r're:https://(www\.)?youtube\.com/hashtag/cats',
-                'title': '#cats',
-            }],
+            # The test suite does not have support for nested playlists
+            # 'entries': [{
+            #     'url': r're:https://(www\.)?youtube\.com/hashtag/cats',
+            #     'title': '#cats',
+            # }],
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
@@ -5778,7 +5858,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if params:
             section = next((k for k, v in self._SECTIONS.items() if v == params), params)
         else:
-            section = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus((url.split('#') + [''])[1]).lower()
+            section = urllib.parse.unquote_plus((url.split('#') + [''])[1]).lower()
             params = self._SECTIONS.get(section)
             if not params:
                 section = None
@@ -5925,14 +6005,62 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             expected=True)
 
 
-class YoutubeClipIE(InfoExtractor):
+class YoutubeClipIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:clip'
-    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/clip/'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/clip/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # FIXME: Other metadata should be extracted from the clip, not from the base video
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/clip/UgytZKpehg-hEMBSn3F4AaABCQ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UgytZKpehg-hEMBSn3F4AaABCQ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'section_start': 29.0,
+            'section_end': 39.7,
+            'duration': 10.7,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'categories': ['Gaming'],
+            'channel': 'Scott The Woz',
+            'channel_id': 'UC4rqhyiTs7XyuODcECvuiiQ',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4rqhyiTs7XyuODcECvuiiQ',
+            'description': 'md5:7a4517a17ea9b4bd98996399d8bb36e7',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'tags': 'count:17',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/ScPX26pdQik/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'title': 'Mobile Games on Console - Scott The Woz',
+            'upload_date': '20210920',
+            'uploader': 'Scott The Woz',
+            'uploader_id': 'scottthewoz',
+            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/scottthewoz',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'channel_follower_count': int
+        }
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        self.report_warning('YouTube clips are not currently supported. The entire video will be downloaded instead')
-        return self.url_result(url, 'Generic')
+        clip_id = self._match_id(url)
+        _, data = self._extract_webpage(url, clip_id)
+
+        video_id = traverse_obj(data, ('currentVideoEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'))
+        if not video_id:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find video ID')
+
+        clip_data = traverse_obj(data, (
+            'engagementPanels', ..., 'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'content', 'clipSectionRenderer',
+            'contents', ..., 'clipAttributionRenderer', 'onScrubExit', 'commandExecutorCommand', 'commands', ...,
+            'openPopupAction', 'popup', 'notificationActionRenderer', 'actionButton', 'buttonRenderer', 'command',
+            'commandExecutorCommand', 'commands', ..., 'loopCommand'), get_all=False)
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
+            'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
+            'id': clip_id,
+            'section_start': int(clip_data['startTimeMs']) / 1000,
+            'section_end': int(clip_data['endTimeMs']) / 1000,
+        }
 
 
 class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):