]> jfr.im git - yt-dlp.git/blobdiff - test/test_utils.py
[core] Change how `Cookie` headers are handled
[yt-dlp.git] / test / test_utils.py
index a74d59f3430c86d1577f0607b0191be27edd3fb8..a22f25d730dffae3262c7df4c6e7ae282ac3380c 100644 (file)
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-# coding: utf-8
-
-from __future__ import unicode_literals
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
+import re
 import sys
 import unittest
+import warnings
+
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 
-# Various small unit tests
+import contextlib
 import io
+import itertools
 import json
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
-from youtube_dl.utils import (
+from yt_dlp.compat import (
+    compat_etree_fromstring,
+    compat_HTMLParseError,
+    compat_os_name,
+)
+from yt_dlp.utils import (
+    Config,
+    DateRange,
+    ExtractorError,
+    InAdvancePagedList,
+    LazyList,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
     age_restricted,
     args_to_str,
-    encode_base_n,
+    base_url,
+    caesar,
     clean_html,
+    clean_podcast_url,
+    cli_bool_option,
+    cli_option,
+    cli_valueless_option,
     date_from_str,
-    DateRange,
+    datetime_from_str,
     detect_exe_version,
     determine_ext,
+    determine_file_encoding,
+    dfxp2srt,
     dict_get,
+    encode_base_n,
     encode_compat_str,
     encodeFilename,
     escape_rfc3986,
     escape_url,
+    expand_path,
     extract_attributes,
-    ExtractorError,
     find_xpath_attr,
     fix_xml_ampersands,
+    float_or_none,
+    format_bytes,
+    get_compatible_ext,
+    get_element_by_attribute,
     get_element_by_class,
-    InAdvancePagedList,
+    get_element_html_by_attribute,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
+    get_elements_by_attribute,
+    get_elements_by_class,
+    get_elements_html_by_attribute,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
+    get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute,
+    int_or_none,
     intlist_to_bytes,
+    iri_to_uri,
     is_html,
     js_to_json,
     limit_length,
+    locked_file,
+    lowercase_escape,
+    match_str,
+    merge_dicts,
     mimetype2ext,
     month_by_name,
+    multipart_encode,
     ohdave_rsa_encrypt,
-    OnDemandPagedList,
     orderedSet,
     parse_age_limit,
+    parse_bitrate,
+    parse_codecs,
+    parse_count,
+    parse_dfxp_time_expr,
     parse_duration,
     parse_filesize,
-    parse_count,
     parse_iso8601,
-    read_batch_urls,
-    sanitize_filename,
-    sanitize_path,
+    parse_qs,
+    parse_resolution,
+    pkcs1pad,
     prepend_extension,
-    replace_extension,
-    remove_start,
+    read_batch_urls,
     remove_end,
     remove_quotes,
+    remove_start,
+    render_table,
+    replace_extension,
+    rot47,
+    sanitize_filename,
+    sanitize_path,
+    sanitize_url,
+    sanitized_Request,
     shell_quote,
     smuggle_url,
+    str_or_none,
     str_to_int,
     strip_jsonp,
+    strip_or_none,
+    subtitles_filename,
     timeconvert,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
     unified_timestamp,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    update_url_query,
     uppercase_escape,
-    lowercase_escape,
     url_basename,
-    base_url,
-    urljoin,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
+    urljoin,
     urshift,
-    update_url_query,
+    variadic,
     version_tuple,
-    xpath_with_ns,
+    xpath_attr,
     xpath_element,
     xpath_text,
-    xpath_attr,
-    render_table,
-    match_str,
-    parse_dfxp_time_expr,
-    dfxp2srt,
-    cli_option,
-    cli_valueless_option,
-    cli_bool_option,
-    parse_codecs,
-)
-from youtube_dl.compat import (
-    compat_chr,
-    compat_etree_fromstring,
-    compat_urlparse,
-    compat_parse_qs,
+    xpath_with_ns,
 )
 
 
@@ -102,18 +140,19 @@ def test_timeconvert(self):
         self.assertTrue(timeconvert('bougrg') is None)
 
     def test_sanitize_filename(self):
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename(''), '')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('abc'), 'abc')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('abc_d-e'), 'abc_d-e')
 
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('123'), '123')
 
-        self.assertEqual('abc_de', sanitize_filename('abc/de'))
+        self.assertEqual('abcde', sanitize_filename('abc/de'))
         self.assertFalse('/' in sanitize_filename('abc/de///'))
 
-        self.assertEqual('abc_de', sanitize_filename('abc/<>\\*|de'))
-        self.assertEqual('xxx', sanitize_filename('xxx/<>\\*|'))
-        self.assertEqual('yes no', sanitize_filename('yes? no'))
-        self.assertEqual('this - that', sanitize_filename('this: that'))
+        self.assertEqual('abc_de', sanitize_filename('abc/<>\\*|de', is_id=False))
+        self.assertEqual('xxx', sanitize_filename('xxx/<>\\*|', is_id=False))
+        self.assertEqual('yes no', sanitize_filename('yes? no', is_id=False))
+        self.assertEqual('this - that', sanitize_filename('this: that', is_id=False))
 
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('AT&T'), 'AT&T')
         aumlaut = 'ä'
@@ -125,10 +164,12 @@ def test_sanitize_filename(self):
             sanitize_filename('New World record at 0:12:34'),
             'New World record at 0_12_34')
 
-        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('--gasdgf'), '_-gasdgf')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('--gasdgf'), '--gasdgf')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('--gasdgf', is_id=True), '--gasdgf')
-        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('.gasdgf'), 'gasdgf')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('--gasdgf', is_id=False), '_-gasdgf')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('.gasdgf'), '.gasdgf')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('.gasdgf', is_id=True), '.gasdgf')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('.gasdgf', is_id=False), 'gasdgf')
 
         forbidden = '"\0\\/'
         for fc in forbidden:
@@ -167,7 +208,7 @@ def test_sanitize_filename_restricted(self):
 
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename(
             'ÂÃÄÀÁÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖŐØŒÙÚÛÜŰÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöőøœùúûüűýþÿ', restricted=True),
-            'AAAAAAAECEEEEIIIIDNOOOOOOOOEUUUUUYPssaaaaaaaeceeeeiiiionooooooooeuuuuuypy')
+            'AAAAAAAECEEEEIIIIDNOOOOOOOOEUUUUUYTHssaaaaaaaeceeeeiiiionooooooooeuuuuuythy')
 
     def test_sanitize_ids(self):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('_n_cd26wFpw', is_id=True), '_n_cd26wFpw')
@@ -210,6 +251,41 @@ def test_sanitize_path(self):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./abc'), 'abc')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./../abc'), '..\\abc')
 
+    def test_sanitize_url(self):
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('//foo.bar'), 'http://foo.bar')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('httpss://foo.bar'), 'https://foo.bar')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('rmtps://foo.bar'), 'rtmps://foo.bar')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('https://foo.bar'), 'https://foo.bar')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('foo bar'), 'foo bar')
+
+    def test_extract_basic_auth(self):
+        auth_header = lambda url: sanitized_Request(url).get_header('Authorization')
+        self.assertFalse(auth_header('http://foo.bar'))
+        self.assertFalse(auth_header('http://:foo.bar'))
+        self.assertEqual(auth_header('http://@foo.bar'), 'Basic Og==')
+        self.assertEqual(auth_header('http://:pass@foo.bar'), 'Basic OnBhc3M=')
+        self.assertEqual(auth_header('http://user:@foo.bar'), 'Basic dXNlcjo=')
+        self.assertEqual(auth_header('http://user:pass@foo.bar'), 'Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz')
+
+    def test_expand_path(self):
+        def env(var):
+            return f'%{var}%' if sys.platform == 'win32' else f'${var}'
+
+        os.environ['yt_dlp_EXPATH_PATH'] = 'expanded'
+        self.assertEqual(expand_path(env('yt_dlp_EXPATH_PATH')), 'expanded')
+
+        old_home = os.environ.get('HOME')
+        test_str = R'C:\Documents and Settings\тест\Application Data'
+        try:
+            os.environ['HOME'] = test_str
+            self.assertEqual(expand_path(env('HOME')), os.getenv('HOME'))
+            self.assertEqual(expand_path('~'), os.getenv('HOME'))
+            self.assertEqual(
+                expand_path('~/%s' % env('yt_dlp_EXPATH_PATH')),
+                '%s/expanded' % os.getenv('HOME'))
+        finally:
+            os.environ['HOME'] = old_home or ''
+
     def test_prepend_extension(self):
         self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'temp'), 'abc.temp.ext')
         self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'temp', 'ext'), 'abc.temp.ext')
@@ -226,6 +302,11 @@ def test_replace_extension(self):
         self.assertEqual(replace_extension('.abc', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')
         self.assertEqual(replace_extension('.abc.ext', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')
 
+    def test_subtitles_filename(self):
+        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.ext', 'en', 'vtt'), 'abc.en.vtt')
+        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.ext', 'en', 'vtt', 'ext'), 'abc.en.vtt')
+        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.unexpected_ext', 'en', 'vtt', 'ext'), 'abc.unexpected_ext.en.vtt')
+
     def test_remove_start(self):
         self.assertEqual(remove_start(None, 'A - '), None)
         self.assertEqual(remove_start('A - B', 'A - '), 'B')
@@ -258,6 +339,7 @@ def test_unescape_html(self):
         self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&#47;'), '/')
         self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&eacute;'), 'é')
         self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&#2013266066;'), '&#2013266066;')
+        self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&a&quot;'), '&a"')
         # HTML5 entities
         self.assertEqual(unescapeHTML('&period;&apos;'), '.\'')
 
@@ -265,8 +347,18 @@ def test_date_from_str(self):
         self.assertEqual(date_from_str('yesterday'), date_from_str('now-1day'))
         self.assertEqual(date_from_str('now+7day'), date_from_str('now+1week'))
         self.assertEqual(date_from_str('now+14day'), date_from_str('now+2week'))
-        self.assertEqual(date_from_str('now+365day'), date_from_str('now+1year'))
-        self.assertEqual(date_from_str('now+30day'), date_from_str('now+1month'))
+        self.assertEqual(date_from_str('20200229+365day'), date_from_str('20200229+1year'))
+        self.assertEqual(date_from_str('20210131+28day'), date_from_str('20210131+1month'))
+
+    def test_datetime_from_str(self):
+        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('yesterday', precision='day'), datetime_from_str('now-1day', precision='auto'))
+        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('now+7day', precision='day'), datetime_from_str('now+1week', precision='auto'))
+        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('now+14day', precision='day'), datetime_from_str('now+2week', precision='auto'))
+        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('20200229+365day', precision='day'), datetime_from_str('20200229+1year', precision='auto'))
+        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('20210131+28day', precision='day'), datetime_from_str('20210131+1month', precision='auto'))
+        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('20210131+59day', precision='day'), datetime_from_str('20210131+2month', precision='auto'))
+        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('now+1day', precision='hour'), datetime_from_str('now+24hours', precision='auto'))
+        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('now+23hours', precision='hour'), datetime_from_str('now+23hours', precision='auto'))
 
     def test_daterange(self):
         _20century = DateRange("19000101", "20000101")
@@ -283,6 +375,7 @@ def test_unified_dates(self):
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('2012/10/11 01:56:38 +0000'), '20121011')
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('1968 12 10'), '19681210')
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('1968-12-10'), '19681210')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('31-07-2022 20:00'), '20220731')
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('28/01/2014 21:00:00 +0100'), '20140128')
         self.assertEqual(
             unified_strdate('11/26/2014 11:30:00 AM PST', day_first=False),
@@ -298,6 +391,8 @@ def test_unified_dates(self):
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('July 15th, 2013'), '20130715')
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('September 1st, 2013'), '20130901')
         self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('Sep 2nd, 2013'), '20130902')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('November 3rd, 2019'), '20191103')
+        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('October 23rd, 2005'), '20051023')
 
     def test_unified_timestamps(self):
         self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('December 21, 2010'), 1292889600)
@@ -319,6 +414,14 @@ def test_unified_timestamps(self):
         self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('UNKNOWN DATE FORMAT'), None)
         self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('May 16, 2016 11:15 PM'), 1463440500)
         self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Feb 7, 2016 at 6:35 pm'), 1454870100)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('2017-03-30T17:52:41Q'), 1490896361)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Sep 11, 2013 | 5:49 AM'), 1378878540)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('December 15, 2017 at 7:49 am'), 1513324140)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('2018-03-14T08:32:43.1493874+00:00'), 1521016363)
+
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('December 31 1969 20:00:01 EDT'), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Wednesday 31 December 1969 18:01:26 MDT'), 86)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('12/31/1969 20:01:18 EDT', False), 78)
 
     def test_determine_ext(self):
         self.assertEqual(determine_ext('http://example.com/foo/bar.mp4/?download'), 'mp4')
@@ -326,6 +429,7 @@ def test_determine_ext(self):
         self.assertEqual(determine_ext('http://example.com/foo/bar.nonext/?download', None), None)
         self.assertEqual(determine_ext('http://example.com/foo/bar/mp4?download', None), None)
         self.assertEqual(determine_ext('http://example.com/foo/bar.m3u8//?download'), 'm3u8')
+        self.assertEqual(determine_ext('foobar', None), None)
 
     def test_find_xpath_attr(self):
         testxml = '''<root>
@@ -426,11 +530,31 @@ def test_smuggle_url(self):
 
     def test_shell_quote(self):
         args = ['ffmpeg', '-i', encodeFilename('ñ€ß\'.mp4')]
-        self.assertEqual(shell_quote(args), """ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            shell_quote(args),
+            """ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""" if compat_os_name != 'nt' else '''ffmpeg -i "ñ€ß'.mp4"''')
+
+    def test_float_or_none(self):
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none('42.42'), 42.42)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none('42'), 42.0)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none([]), None)
+        self.assertEqual(float_or_none(set()), None)
+
+    def test_int_or_none(self):
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none('42'), 42)
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none([]), None)
+        self.assertEqual(int_or_none(set()), None)
 
     def test_str_to_int(self):
         self.assertEqual(str_to_int('123,456'), 123456)
         self.assertEqual(str_to_int('123.456'), 123456)
+        self.assertEqual(str_to_int(523), 523)
+        self.assertEqual(str_to_int('noninteger'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(str_to_int([]), None)
 
     def test_url_basename(self):
         self.assertEqual(url_basename('http://foo.de/'), '')
@@ -448,9 +572,13 @@ def test_base_url(self):
         self.assertEqual(base_url('http://foo.de/bar/'), 'http://foo.de/bar/')
         self.assertEqual(base_url('http://foo.de/bar/baz'), 'http://foo.de/bar/')
         self.assertEqual(base_url('http://foo.de/bar/baz?x=z/x/c'), 'http://foo.de/bar/')
+        self.assertEqual(base_url('http://foo.de/bar/baz&x=z&w=y/x/c'), 'http://foo.de/bar/baz&x=z&w=y/x/')
 
     def test_urljoin(self):
         self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', '/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin(b'http://foo.de/', '/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', b'/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin(b'http://foo.de/', b'/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
         self.assertEqual(urljoin('//foo.de/', '/a/b/c.txt'), '//foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
         self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', 'a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
         self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de', '/a/b/c.txt'), 'http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt')
@@ -465,6 +593,23 @@ def test_urljoin(self):
         self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', ''), None)
         self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/', ['foobar']), None)
         self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt', '.././../d.txt'), 'http://foo.de/d.txt')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin('http://foo.de/a/b/c.txt', 'rtmp://foo.de'), 'rtmp://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(urljoin(None, 'rtmp://foo.de'), 'rtmp://foo.de')
+
+    def test_url_or_none(self):
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('foo'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('http://foo.de'), 'http://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('https://foo.de'), 'https://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('http$://foo.de'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('http://foo.de'), 'http://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('//foo.de'), '//foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('s3://foo.de'), None)
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('rtmpte://foo.de'), 'rtmpte://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('mms://foo.de'), 'mms://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('rtspu://foo.de'), 'rtspu://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('ftps://foo.de'), 'ftps://foo.de')
 
     def test_parse_age_limit(self):
         self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit(None), None)
@@ -479,6 +624,8 @@ def test_parse_age_limit(self):
         self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('PG-13'), 13)
         self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('TV-14'), 14)
         self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('TV-MA'), 17)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('TV14'), 14)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit('TV_G'), 0)
 
     def test_parse_duration(self):
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration(None), None)
@@ -494,6 +641,8 @@ def test_parse_duration(self):
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3h 11m 53s'), 11513)
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3 hours 11 minutes 53 seconds'), 11513)
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3 hours 11 mins 53 secs'), 11513)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds'), 11513)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('3 hours, 11 mins, 53 secs'), 11513)
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('62m45s'), 3765)
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('6m59s'), 419)
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('49s'), 49)
@@ -511,6 +660,9 @@ def test_parse_duration(self):
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('87 Min.'), 5220)
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('PT1H0.040S'), 3600.04)
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('PT00H03M30SZ'), 210)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('P0Y0M0DT0H4M20.880S'), 260.88)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('01:02:03:050'), 3723.05)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('103:050'), 103.05)
 
     def test_fix_xml_ampersands(self):
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -530,8 +682,7 @@ def testPL(size, pagesize, sliceargs, expected):
             def get_page(pagenum):
                 firstid = pagenum * pagesize
                 upto = min(size, pagenum * pagesize + pagesize)
-                for i in range(firstid, upto):
-                    yield i
+                yield from range(firstid, upto)
 
             pl = OnDemandPagedList(get_page, pagesize)
             got = pl.getslice(*sliceargs)
@@ -564,38 +715,46 @@ def test_urlencode_postdata(self):
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(data, bytes))
 
     def test_update_url_query(self):
-        def query_dict(url):
-            return compat_parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path', {'quality': ['HD'], 'format': ['mp4']})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path?quality=HD&format=mp4'))
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path?quality=HD&format=mp4'))
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path', {'system': ['LINUX', 'WINDOWS']})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path?system=LINUX&system=WINDOWS'))
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path?system=LINUX&system=WINDOWS'))
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path', {'fields': 'id,formats,subtitles'})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path?fields=id,formats,subtitles'))
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path?fields=id,formats,subtitles'))
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path', {'fields': ('id,formats,subtitles', 'thumbnails')})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path?fields=id,formats,subtitles&fields=thumbnails'))
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path?fields=id,formats,subtitles&fields=thumbnails'))
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path?manifest=f4m', {'manifest': []})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path'))
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path'))
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path?system=LINUX&system=WINDOWS', {'system': 'LINUX'})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path?system=LINUX'))
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path?system=LINUX'))
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path', {'fields': b'id,formats,subtitles'})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path?fields=id,formats,subtitles'))
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path?fields=id,formats,subtitles'))
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path', {'width': 1080, 'height': 720})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path?width=1080&height=720'))
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path?width=1080&height=720'))
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path', {'bitrate': 5020.43})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path?bitrate=5020.43'))
-        self.assertEqual(query_dict(update_url_query(
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path?bitrate=5020.43'))
+        self.assertEqual(parse_qs(update_url_query(
             'http://example.com/path', {'test': '第二行тест'})),
-            query_dict('http://example.com/path?test=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%A1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82'))
+            parse_qs('http://example.com/path?test=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E8%A1%8C%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82'))
+
+    def test_multipart_encode(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            multipart_encode({b'field': b'value'}, boundary='AAAAAA')[0],
+            b'--AAAAAA\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="field"\r\n\r\nvalue\r\n--AAAAAA--\r\n')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            multipart_encode({'欄位'.encode(): '值'.encode()}, boundary='AAAAAA')[0],
+            b'--AAAAAA\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name="\xe6\xac\x84\xe4\xbd\x8d"\r\n\r\n\xe5\x80\xbc\r\n--AAAAAA--\r\n')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            ValueError, multipart_encode, {b'field': b'value'}, boundary='value')
 
     def test_dict_get(self):
         FALSE_VALUES = {
@@ -619,6 +778,17 @@ def test_dict_get(self):
             self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', key, )), None)
             self.assertEqual(dict_get(d, ('b', 'c', key, ), skip_false_values=False), false_value)
 
+    def test_merge_dicts(self):
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'b': 2}), {'a': 1, 'b': 2})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'a': 2}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'a': None}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {'a': ''}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': 1}, {}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': None}, {'a': 1}), {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': ''}, {'a': 1}), {'a': ''})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': ''}, {'a': 'abc'}), {'a': 'abc'})
+        self.assertEqual(merge_dicts({'a': None}, {'a': ''}, {'a': 'abc'}), {'a': 'abc'})
+
     def test_encode_compat_str(self):
         self.assertEqual(encode_compat_str(b'\xd1\x82\xd0\xb5\xd1\x81\xd1\x82', 'utf-8'), 'тест')
         self.assertEqual(encode_compat_str('тест', 'utf-8'), 'тест')
@@ -644,6 +814,30 @@ def test_strip_jsonp(self):
         d = json.loads(stripped)
         self.assertEqual(d, {'status': 'success'})
 
+        stripped = strip_jsonp('window.cb && window.cb({"status": "success"});')
+        d = json.loads(stripped)
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'status': 'success'})
+
+        stripped = strip_jsonp('window.cb && cb({"status": "success"});')
+        d = json.loads(stripped)
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'status': 'success'})
+
+        stripped = strip_jsonp('({"status": "success"});')
+        d = json.loads(stripped)
+        self.assertEqual(d, {'status': 'success'})
+
+    def test_strip_or_none(self):
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(' abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none('abc '), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(' abc '), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none('\tabc\t'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none('\n\tabc\n\t'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none('abc'), 'abc')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(''), '')
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none(42), None)
+        self.assertEqual(strip_or_none([]), None)
+
     def test_uppercase_escape(self):
         self.assertEqual(uppercase_escape('aä'), 'aä')
         self.assertEqual(uppercase_escape('\\U0001d550'), '𝕐')
@@ -666,6 +860,8 @@ def test_mimetype2ext(self):
         self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('text/vtt'), 'vtt')
         self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('text/vtt;charset=utf-8'), 'vtt')
         self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('text/html; charset=utf-8'), 'html')
+        self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('audio/x-wav'), 'wav')
+        self.assertEqual(mimetype2ext('audio/x-wav;codec=pcm'), 'wav')
 
     def test_month_by_name(self):
         self.assertEqual(month_by_name(None), None)
@@ -680,23 +876,58 @@ def test_parse_codecs(self):
         self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('avc1.77.30, mp4a.40.2'), {
             'vcodec': 'avc1.77.30',
             'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
+            'dynamic_range': None,
         })
         self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('mp4a.40.2'), {
             'vcodec': 'none',
             'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
+            'dynamic_range': None,
         })
         self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('mp4a.40.5,avc1.42001e'), {
             'vcodec': 'avc1.42001e',
             'acodec': 'mp4a.40.5',
+            'dynamic_range': None,
         })
         self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('avc3.640028'), {
             'vcodec': 'avc3.640028',
             'acodec': 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': None,
         })
         self.assertEqual(parse_codecs(', h264,,newcodec,aac'), {
             'vcodec': 'h264',
             'acodec': 'aac',
+            'dynamic_range': None,
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('av01.0.05M.08'), {
+            'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': None,
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('vp9.2'), {
+            'vcodec': 'vp9.2',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0'), {
+            'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
         })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('dvhe'), {
+            'vcodec': 'dvhe',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': 'DV',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('theora, vorbis'), {
+            'vcodec': 'theora',
+            'acodec': 'vorbis',
+            'dynamic_range': None,
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('unknownvcodec, unknownacodec'), {
+            'vcodec': 'unknownvcodec',
+            'acodec': 'unknownacodec',
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('unknown'), {})
 
     def test_escape_rfc3986(self):
         reserved = "!*'();:@&=+$,/?#[]"
@@ -727,6 +958,85 @@ def test_escape_url(self):
         )
         self.assertEqual(escape_url('http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0'), 'http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0')
 
+    def test_js_to_json_vars_strings(self):
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            json.loads(js_to_json(
+                '''{
+                    'null': a,
+                    'nullStr': b,
+                    'true': c,
+                    'trueStr': d,
+                    'false': e,
+                    'falseStr': f,
+                    'unresolvedVar': g,
+                }''',
+                {
+                    'a': 'null',
+                    'b': '"null"',
+                    'c': 'true',
+                    'd': '"true"',
+                    'e': 'false',
+                    'f': '"false"',
+                    'g': 'var',
+                }
+            )),
+            {
+                'null': None,
+                'nullStr': 'null',
+                'true': True,
+                'trueStr': 'true',
+                'false': False,
+                'falseStr': 'false',
+                'unresolvedVar': 'var'
+            }
+        )
+
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            json.loads(js_to_json(
+                '''{
+                    'int': a,
+                    'intStr': b,
+                    'float': c,
+                    'floatStr': d,
+                }''',
+                {
+                    'a': '123',
+                    'b': '"123"',
+                    'c': '1.23',
+                    'd': '"1.23"',
+                }
+            )),
+            {
+                'int': 123,
+                'intStr': '123',
+                'float': 1.23,
+                'floatStr': '1.23',
+            }
+        )
+
+        self.assertDictEqual(
+            json.loads(js_to_json(
+                '''{
+                    'object': a,
+                    'objectStr': b,
+                    'array': c,
+                    'arrayStr': d,
+                }''',
+                {
+                    'a': '{}',
+                    'b': '"{}"',
+                    'c': '[]',
+                    'd': '"[]"',
+                }
+            )),
+            {
+                'object': {},
+                'objectStr': '{}',
+                'array': [],
+                'arrayStr': '[]',
+            }
+        )
+
     def test_js_to_json_realworld(self):
         inp = '''{
             'clip':{'provider':'pseudo'}
@@ -765,6 +1075,9 @@ def test_js_to_json_realworld(self):
         inp = '''{"duration": "00:01:07"}'''
         self.assertEqual(js_to_json(inp), '''{"duration": "00:01:07"}''')
 
+        inp = '''{segments: [{"offset":-3.885780586188048e-16,"duration":39.75000000000001}]}'''
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json(inp), '''{"segments": [{"offset":-3.885780586188048e-16,"duration":39.75000000000001}]}''')
+
     def test_js_to_json_edgecases(self):
         on = js_to_json("{abc_def:'1\\'\\\\2\\\\\\'3\"4'}")
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {"abc_def": "1'\\2\\'3\"4"})
@@ -782,15 +1095,52 @@ def test_js_to_json_edgecases(self):
         self.assertEqual(d['x'], 1)
         self.assertEqual(d['y'], 'a')
 
+        # Just drop ! prefix for now though this results in a wrong value
+        on = js_to_json('''{
+            a: !0,
+            b: !1,
+            c: !!0,
+            d: !!42.42,
+            e: !!![],
+            f: !"abc",
+            g: !"",
+            !42: 42
+        }''')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {
+            'a': 0,
+            'b': 1,
+            'c': 0,
+            'd': 42.42,
+            'e': [],
+            'f': "abc",
+            'g': "",
+            '42': 42
+        })
+
         on = js_to_json('["abc", "def",]')
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['abc', 'def'])
 
+        on = js_to_json('[/*comment\n*/"abc"/*comment\n*/,/*comment\n*/"def",/*comment\n*/]')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['abc', 'def'])
+
+        on = js_to_json('[//comment\n"abc" //comment\n,//comment\n"def",//comment\n]')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['abc', 'def'])
+
         on = js_to_json('{"abc": "def",}')
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'abc': 'def'})
 
+        on = js_to_json('{/*comment\n*/"abc"/*comment\n*/:/*comment\n*/"def"/*comment\n*/,/*comment\n*/}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'abc': 'def'})
+
         on = js_to_json('{ 0: /* " \n */ ",]" , }')
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'0': ',]'})
 
+        on = js_to_json('{ /*comment\n*/0/*comment\n*/: /* " \n */ ",]" , }')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'0': ',]'})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{ 0: // comment\n1 }')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'0': 1})
+
         on = js_to_json(r'["<p>x<\/p>"]')
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['<p>x</p>'])
 
@@ -800,15 +1150,56 @@ def test_js_to_json_edgecases(self):
         on = js_to_json("['a\\\nb']")
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['ab'])
 
+        on = js_to_json("/*comment\n*/[/*comment\n*/'a\\\nb'/*comment\n*/]/*comment\n*/")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['ab'])
+
         on = js_to_json('{0xff:0xff}')
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'255': 255})
 
+        on = js_to_json('{/*comment\n*/0xff/*comment\n*/:/*comment\n*/0xff/*comment\n*/}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'255': 255})
+
         on = js_to_json('{077:077}')
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'63': 63})
 
+        on = js_to_json('{/*comment\n*/077/*comment\n*/:/*comment\n*/077/*comment\n*/}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'63': 63})
+
         on = js_to_json('{42:42}')
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'42': 42})
 
+        on = js_to_json('{/*comment\n*/42/*comment\n*/:/*comment\n*/42/*comment\n*/}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'42': 42})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{42:4.2e1}')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'42': 42.0})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{ "0x40": "0x40" }')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'0x40': '0x40'})
+
+        on = js_to_json('{ "040": "040" }')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'040': '040'})
+
+        on = js_to_json('[1,//{},\n2]')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), [1, 2])
+
+        on = js_to_json(R'"\^\$\#"')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), R'^$#', msg='Unnecessary escapes should be stripped')
+
+        on = js_to_json('\'"\\""\'')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), '"""', msg='Unnecessary quote escape should be escaped')
+
+    def test_js_to_json_malformed(self):
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('42a1'), '42"a1"')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('42a-1'), '42"a"-1')
+
+    def test_js_to_json_template_literal(self):
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`Hello ${name}`', {'name': '"world"'}), '"Hello world"')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`${name}${name}`', {'name': '"X"'}), '"XX"')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`${name}${name}`', {'name': '5'}), '"55"')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`${name}"${name}"`', {'name': '5'}), '"5\\"5\\""')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`${name}`', {}), '"name"')
+
     def test_extract_attributes(self):
         self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="y">'), {'x': 'y'})
         self.assertEqual(extract_attributes("<e x='y'>"), {'x': 'y'})
@@ -840,16 +1231,19 @@ def test_extract_attributes(self):
         self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="décompose&#769;">'), {'x': 'décompose\u0301'})
         # "Narrow" Python builds don't support unicode code points outside BMP.
         try:
-            compat_chr(0x10000)
+            chr(0x10000)
             supports_outside_bmp = True
         except ValueError:
             supports_outside_bmp = False
         if supports_outside_bmp:
             self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="Smile &#128512;!">'), {'x': 'Smile \U0001f600!'})
+        # Malformed HTML should not break attributes extraction on older Python
+        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<mal"formed/>'), {})
 
     def test_clean_html(self):
         self.assertEqual(clean_html('a:\nb'), 'a: b')
-        self.assertEqual(clean_html('a:\n   "b"'), 'a:    "b"')
+        self.assertEqual(clean_html('a:\n   "b"'), 'a: "b"')
+        self.assertEqual(clean_html('a<br>\xa0b'), 'a\nb')
 
     def test_intlist_to_bytes(self):
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -859,7 +1253,7 @@ def test_intlist_to_bytes(self):
     def test_args_to_str(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             args_to_str(['foo', 'ba/r', '-baz', '2 be', '']),
-            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\''
+            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if compat_os_name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""'
         )
 
     def test_parse_filesize(self):
@@ -882,9 +1276,36 @@ def test_parse_count(self):
         self.assertEqual(parse_count('1000'), 1000)
         self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.000'), 1000)
         self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.1k'), 1100)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.1 k'), 1100)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1,1 k'), 1100)
         self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.1kk'), 1100000)
         self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.1kk '), 1100000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1,1kk'), 1100000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('100 views'), 100)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('1,100 views'), 1100)
         self.assertEqual(parse_count('1.1kk views'), 1100000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('10M views'), 10000000)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_count('has 10M views'), 10000000)
+
+    def test_parse_resolution(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution(None), {})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution(''), {})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution(' 1920x1080'), {'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('1920×1080 '), {'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('1920 x 1080'), {'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('720p'), {'height': 720})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('4k'), {'height': 2160})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('8K'), {'height': 4320})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('pre_1920x1080_post'), {'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('ep1x2'), {})
+        self.assertEqual(parse_resolution('1920, 1080'), {'width': 1920, 'height': 1080})
+
+    def test_parse_bitrate(self):
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate(None), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate(''), None)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate('300kbps'), 300)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate('1500kbps'), 1500)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_bitrate('300 kbps'), 300)
 
     def test_version_tuple(self):
         self.assertEqual(version_tuple('1'), (1,))
@@ -926,21 +1347,72 @@ def test_is_html(self):
             b'\xFF\xFE\x00\x00<\x00\x00\x00h\x00\x00\x00t\x00\x00\x00m\x00\x00\x00l\x00\x00\x00>\x00\x00\x00\xe4\x00\x00\x00'))
 
     def test_render_table(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            render_table(
+                ['a', 'empty', 'bcd'],
+                [[123, '', 4], [9999, '', 51]]),
+            'a    empty bcd\n'
+            '123        4\n'
+            '9999       51')
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            render_table(
+                ['a', 'empty', 'bcd'],
+                [[123, '', 4], [9999, '', 51]],
+                hide_empty=True),
+            'a    bcd\n'
+            '123  4\n'
+            '9999 51')
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            render_table(
+                ['\ta', 'bcd'],
+                [['1\t23', 4], ['\t9999', 51]]),
+            '   a bcd\n'
+            '1 23 4\n'
+            '9999 51')
+
         self.assertEqual(
             render_table(
                 ['a', 'bcd'],
-                [[123, 4], [9999, 51]]),
+                [[123, 4], [9999, 51]],
+                delim='-'),
             'a    bcd\n'
+            '--------\n'
             '123  4\n'
             '9999 51')
 
+        self.assertEqual(
+            render_table(
+                ['a', 'bcd'],
+                [[123, 4], [9999, 51]],
+                delim='-', extra_gap=2),
+            'a      bcd\n'
+            '----------\n'
+            '123    4\n'
+            '9999   51')
+
     def test_match_str(self):
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, match_str, 'xy>foobar', {})
+        # Unary
         self.assertFalse(match_str('xy', {'x': 1200}))
         self.assertTrue(match_str('!xy', {'x': 1200}))
         self.assertTrue(match_str('x', {'x': 1200}))
         self.assertFalse(match_str('!x', {'x': 1200}))
         self.assertTrue(match_str('x', {'x': 0}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('is_live', {'is_live': True}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('is_live', {'is_live': False}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('is_live', {'is_live': None}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('is_live', {}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('!is_live', {'is_live': True}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('!is_live', {'is_live': False}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('!is_live', {'is_live': None}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('!is_live', {}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('title', {'title': 'abc'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('title', {'title': ''}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('!title', {'title': 'abc'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('!title', {'title': ''}))
+
+        # Numeric
         self.assertFalse(match_str('x>0', {'x': 0}))
         self.assertFalse(match_str('x>0', {}))
         self.assertTrue(match_str('x>?0', {}))
@@ -948,10 +1420,26 @@ def test_match_str(self):
         self.assertFalse(match_str('x>2K', {'x': 1200}))
         self.assertTrue(match_str('x>=1200 & x < 1300', {'x': 1200}))
         self.assertFalse(match_str('x>=1100 & x < 1200', {'x': 1200}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('x > 1:0:0', {'x': 3700}))
+
+        # String
         self.assertFalse(match_str('y=a212', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
         self.assertTrue(match_str('y=foobar42', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
         self.assertFalse(match_str('y!=foobar42', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
         self.assertTrue(match_str('y!=foobar2', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('y^=foo', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('y!^=foo', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('y^=bar', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('y!^=bar', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, match_str, 'x^=42', {'x': 42})
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('y*=bar', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('y!*=bar', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('y*=baz', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('y!*=baz', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('y$=42', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('y$=43', {'y': 'foobar42'}))
+
+        # And
         self.assertFalse(match_str(
             'like_count > 100 & dislike_count <? 50 & description',
             {'like_count': 90, 'description': 'foo'}))
@@ -965,6 +1453,35 @@ def test_match_str(self):
             'like_count > 100 & dislike_count <? 50 & description',
             {'like_count': 190, 'dislike_count': 10}))
 
+        # Regex
+        self.assertTrue(match_str(r'x~=\bbar', {'x': 'foo bar'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str(r'x~=\bbar.+', {'x': 'foo bar'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str(r'x~=^FOO', {'x': 'foo bar'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str(r'x~=(?i)^FOO', {'x': 'foo bar'}))
+
+        # Quotes
+        self.assertTrue(match_str(r'x^="foo"', {'x': 'foo "bar"'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str(r'x^="foo  "', {'x': 'foo "bar"'}))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str(r'x$="bar"', {'x': 'foo "bar"'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str(r'x$=" \"bar\""', {'x': 'foo "bar"'}))
+
+        # Escaping &
+        self.assertFalse(match_str(r'x=foo & bar', {'x': 'foo & bar'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str(r'x=foo \& bar', {'x': 'foo & bar'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str(r'x=foo \& bar & x^=foo', {'x': 'foo & bar'}))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str(r'x="foo \& bar" & x^=foo', {'x': 'foo & bar'}))
+
+        # Example from docs
+        self.assertTrue(match_str(
+            r"!is_live & like_count>?100 & description~='(?i)\bcats \& dogs\b'",
+            {'description': 'Raining Cats & Dogs'}))
+
+        # Incomplete
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('id!=foo', {'id': 'foo'}, True))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('x', {'id': 'foo'}, True))
+        self.assertTrue(match_str('!x', {'id': 'foo'}, True))
+        self.assertFalse(match_str('x', {'id': 'foo'}, False))
+
     def test_parse_dfxp_time_expr(self):
         self.assertEqual(parse_dfxp_time_expr(None), None)
         self.assertEqual(parse_dfxp_time_expr(''), None)
@@ -987,7 +1504,7 @@ def test_dfxp2srt(self):
                     <p begin="3" dur="-1">Ignored, three</p>
                 </div>
             </body>
-            </tt>'''
+            </tt>'''.encode()
         srt_data = '''1
 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,000
 The following line contains Chinese characters and special symbols
@@ -1005,7 +1522,7 @@ def test_dfxp2srt(self):
 '''
         self.assertEqual(dfxp2srt(dfxp_data), srt_data)
 
-        dfxp_data_no_default_namespace = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+        dfxp_data_no_default_namespace = b'''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
             <tt xml:lang="en" xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
             <body>
                 <div xml:lang="en">
@@ -1020,6 +1537,67 @@ def test_dfxp2srt(self):
 '''
         self.assertEqual(dfxp2srt(dfxp_data_no_default_namespace), srt_data)
 
+        dfxp_data_with_style = b'''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<tt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1" xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1#parameter" ttp:timeBase="media" xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1#style" xml:lang="en" xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/2006/10/ttaf1#metadata">
+  <head>
+    <styling>
+      <style id="s2" style="s0" tts:color="cyan" tts:fontWeight="bold" />
+      <style id="s1" style="s0" tts:color="yellow" tts:fontStyle="italic" />
+      <style id="s3" style="s0" tts:color="lime" tts:textDecoration="underline" />
+      <style id="s0" tts:backgroundColor="black" tts:fontStyle="normal" tts:fontSize="16" tts:fontFamily="sansSerif" tts:color="white" />
+    </styling>
+  </head>
+  <body tts:textAlign="center" style="s0">
+    <div>
+      <p begin="00:00:02.08" id="p0" end="00:00:05.84">default style<span tts:color="red">custom style</span></p>
+      <p style="s2" begin="00:00:02.08" id="p0" end="00:00:05.84"><span tts:color="lime">part 1<br /></span><span tts:color="cyan">part 2</span></p>
+      <p style="s3" begin="00:00:05.84" id="p1" end="00:00:09.56">line 3<br />part 3</p>
+      <p style="s1" tts:textDecoration="underline" begin="00:00:09.56" id="p2" end="00:00:12.36"><span style="s2" tts:color="lime">inner<br /> </span>style</p>
+    </div>
+  </body>
+</tt>'''
+        srt_data = '''1
+00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:05,840
+<font color="white" face="sansSerif" size="16">default style<font color="red">custom style</font></font>
+
+2
+00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:05,840
+<b><font color="cyan" face="sansSerif" size="16"><font color="lime">part 1
+</font>part 2</font></b>
+
+3
+00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:09,560
+<u><font color="lime">line 3
+part 3</font></u>
+
+4
+00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:12,360
+<i><u><font color="yellow"><font color="lime">inner
+ </font>style</font></u></i>
+
+'''
+        self.assertEqual(dfxp2srt(dfxp_data_with_style), srt_data)
+
+        dfxp_data_non_utf8 = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-16"?>
+            <tt xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml" xml:lang="en" xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter">
+            <body>
+                <div xml:lang="en">
+                    <p begin="0" end="1">Line 1</p>
+                    <p begin="1" end="2">第二行</p>
+                </div>
+            </body>
+            </tt>'''.encode('utf-16')
+        srt_data = '''1
+00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,000
+Line 1
+
+2
+00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:02,000
+第二行
+
+'''
+        self.assertEqual(dfxp2srt(dfxp_data_non_utf8), srt_data)
+
     def test_cli_option(self):
         self.assertEqual(cli_option({'proxy': '127.0.0.1:3128'}, '--proxy', 'proxy'), ['--proxy', '127.0.0.1:3128'])
         self.assertEqual(cli_option({'proxy': None}, '--proxy', 'proxy'), [])
@@ -1065,6 +1643,10 @@ def test_cli_bool_option(self):
             cli_bool_option(
                 {'nocheckcertificate': False}, '--check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate', 'false', 'true', '='),
             ['--check-certificate=true'])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            cli_bool_option(
+                {}, '--check-certificate', 'nocheckcertificate', 'false', 'true', '='),
+            [])
 
     def test_ohdave_rsa_encrypt(self):
         N = 0xab86b6371b5318aaa1d3c9e612a9f1264f372323c8c0f19875b5fc3b3fd3afcc1e5bec527aa94bfa85bffc157e4245aebda05389a5357b75115ac94f074aefcd
@@ -1074,6 +1656,14 @@ def test_ohdave_rsa_encrypt(self):
             ohdave_rsa_encrypt(b'aa111222', e, N),
             '726664bd9a23fd0c70f9f1b84aab5e3905ce1e45a584e9cbcf9bcc7510338fc1986d6c599ff990d923aa43c51c0d9013cd572e13bc58f4ae48f2ed8c0b0ba881')
 
+    def test_pkcs1pad(self):
+        data = [1, 2, 3]
+        padded_data = pkcs1pad(data, 32)
+        self.assertEqual(padded_data[:2], [0, 2])
+        self.assertEqual(padded_data[28:], [0, 1, 2, 3])
+
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, pkcs1pad, data, 8)
+
     def test_encode_base_n(self):
         self.assertEqual(encode_base_n(0, 30), '0')
         self.assertEqual(encode_base_n(80, 30), '2k')
@@ -1085,18 +1675,653 @@ def test_encode_base_n(self):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, encode_base_n, 0, 70)
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, encode_base_n, 0, 60, custom_table)
 
+    def test_caesar(self):
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('ace', 'abcdef', 2), 'cea')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('cea', 'abcdef', -2), 'ace')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('ace', 'abcdef', -2), 'eac')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('eac', 'abcdef', 2), 'ace')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('ace', 'abcdef', 0), 'ace')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('xyz', 'abcdef', 2), 'xyz')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('abc', 'acegik', 2), 'ebg')
+        self.assertEqual(caesar('ebg', 'acegik', -2), 'abc')
+
+    def test_rot47(self):
+        self.assertEqual(rot47('yt-dlp'), r'JE\5=A')
+        self.assertEqual(rot47('YT-DLP'), r'*%\s{!')
+
     def test_urshift(self):
         self.assertEqual(urshift(3, 1), 1)
         self.assertEqual(urshift(-3, 1), 2147483646)
 
+    GET_ELEMENT_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING = '''
+        <span class="foo bar">nice</span>
+    '''
+
     def test_get_element_by_class(self):
-        html = '''
-            <span class="foo bar">nice</span>
-        '''
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING
 
         self.assertEqual(get_element_by_class('foo', html), 'nice')
         self.assertEqual(get_element_by_class('no-such-class', html), None)
 
+    def test_get_element_html_by_class(self):
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_html_by_class('foo', html), html.strip())
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_class('no-such-class', html), None)
+
+    GET_ELEMENT_BY_ATTRIBUTE_TEST_STRING = '''
+        <div itemprop="author" itemscope>foo</div>
+    '''
+
+    def test_get_element_by_attribute(self):
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_attribute('class', 'foo bar', html), 'nice')
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_attribute('class', 'foo', html), None)
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_attribute('class', 'no-such-foo', html), None)
+
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_ATTRIBUTE_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_by_attribute('itemprop', 'author', html), 'foo')
+
+    def test_get_element_html_by_attribute(self):
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_html_by_attribute('class', 'foo bar', html), html.strip())
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_html_by_attribute('class', 'foo', html), None)
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_html_by_attribute('class', 'no-such-foo', html), None)
+
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_ATTRIBUTE_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_element_html_by_attribute('itemprop', 'author', html), html.strip())
+
+    GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING = '''
+        <span class="foo bar">nice</span><span class="foo bar">also nice</span>
+    '''
+    GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_RES = ['<span class="foo bar">nice</span>', '<span class="foo bar">also nice</span>']
+
+    def test_get_elements_by_class(self):
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_class('foo', html), ['nice', 'also nice'])
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_class('no-such-class', html), [])
+
+    def test_get_elements_html_by_class(self):
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_html_by_class('foo', html), self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_RES)
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_html_by_class('no-such-class', html), [])
+
+    def test_get_elements_by_attribute(self):
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_attribute('class', 'foo bar', html), ['nice', 'also nice'])
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_attribute('class', 'foo', html), [])
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_by_attribute('class', 'no-such-foo', html), [])
+
+    def test_get_elements_html_by_attribute(self):
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_html_by_attribute('class', 'foo bar', html), self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_RES)
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_html_by_attribute('class', 'foo', html), [])
+        self.assertEqual(get_elements_html_by_attribute('class', 'no-such-foo', html), [])
+
+    def test_get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute(self):
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute('class', 'foo bar', html)),
+            list(zip(['nice', 'also nice'], self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_RES)))
+        self.assertEqual(list(get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute('class', 'foo', html)), [])
+        self.assertEqual(list(get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute('class', 'no-such-foo', html)), [])
+
+        self.assertEqual(list(get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute(
+            'class', 'foo', '<a class="foo">nice</a><span class="foo">nice</span>', tag='a')), [('nice', '<a class="foo">nice</a>')])
+
+    GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_TEST_STRING = '''
+    random text lorem ipsum</p>
+    <div>
+        this should be returned
+        <span>this should also be returned</span>
+        <div>
+            this should also be returned
+        </div>
+        closing tag above should not trick, so this should also be returned
+    </div>
+    but this text should not be returned
+    '''
+    GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_OUTERDIV_HTML = GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_TEST_STRING.strip()[32:276]
+    GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_OUTERDIV_TEXT = GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_OUTERDIV_HTML[5:-6]
+    GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_INNERSPAN_HTML = GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_TEST_STRING.strip()[78:119]
+    GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_INNERSPAN_TEXT = GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_INNERSPAN_HTML[6:-7]
+
+    def test_get_element_text_and_html_by_tag(self):
+        html = self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_TEST_STRING
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('div', html),
+            (self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_OUTERDIV_TEXT, self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_OUTERDIV_HTML))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('span', html),
+            (self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_INNERSPAN_TEXT, self.GET_ELEMENT_BY_TAG_RES_INNERSPAN_HTML))
+        self.assertRaises(compat_HTMLParseError, get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'article', html)
+
+    def test_iri_to_uri(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            iri_to_uri('https://www.google.com/search?q=foo&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b'),
+            'https://www.google.com/search?q=foo&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b')  # Same
+        self.assertEqual(
+            iri_to_uri('https://www.google.com/search?q=Käsesoßenrührlöffel'),  # German for cheese sauce stirring spoon
+            'https://www.google.com/search?q=K%C3%A4seso%C3%9Fenr%C3%BChrl%C3%B6ffel')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            iri_to_uri('https://www.google.com/search?q=lt<+gt>+eq%3D+amp%26+percent%25+hash%23+colon%3A+tilde~#trash=?&garbage=#'),
+            'https://www.google.com/search?q=lt%3C+gt%3E+eq%3D+amp%26+percent%25+hash%23+colon%3A+tilde~#trash=?&garbage=#')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            iri_to_uri('http://правозащита38.рф/category/news/'),
+            'http://xn--38-6kcaak9aj5chl4a3g.xn--p1ai/category/news/')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            iri_to_uri('http://www.правозащита38.рф/category/news/'),
+            'http://www.xn--38-6kcaak9aj5chl4a3g.xn--p1ai/category/news/')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            iri_to_uri('https://i❤.ws/emojidomain/👍👏🤝💪'),
+            'https://xn--i-7iq.ws/emojidomain/%F0%9F%91%8D%F0%9F%91%8F%F0%9F%A4%9D%F0%9F%92%AA')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            iri_to_uri('http://日本語.jp/'),
+            'http://xn--wgv71a119e.jp/')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            iri_to_uri('http://导航.中国/'),
+            'http://xn--fet810g.xn--fiqs8s/')
+
+    def test_clean_podcast_url(self):
+        self.assertEqual(clean_podcast_url('https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chtbl.com/track/5899E/traffic.megaphone.fm/HSW7835899191.mp3'), 'https://traffic.megaphone.fm/HSW7835899191.mp3')
+        self.assertEqual(clean_podcast_url('https://play.podtrac.com/npr-344098539/edge1.pod.npr.org/anon.npr-podcasts/podcast/npr/waitwait/2020/10/20201003_waitwait_wwdtmpodcast201003-015621a5-f035-4eca-a9a1-7c118d90bc3c.mp3'), 'https://edge1.pod.npr.org/anon.npr-podcasts/podcast/npr/waitwait/2020/10/20201003_waitwait_wwdtmpodcast201003-015621a5-f035-4eca-a9a1-7c118d90bc3c.mp3')
+
+    def test_LazyList(self):
+        it = list(range(10))
+
+        self.assertEqual(list(LazyList(it)), it)
+        self.assertEqual(LazyList(it).exhaust(), it)
+        self.assertEqual(LazyList(it)[5], it[5])
+
+        self.assertEqual(LazyList(it)[5:], it[5:])
+        self.assertEqual(LazyList(it)[:5], it[:5])
+        self.assertEqual(LazyList(it)[::2], it[::2])
+        self.assertEqual(LazyList(it)[1::2], it[1::2])
+        self.assertEqual(LazyList(it)[5::-1], it[5::-1])
+        self.assertEqual(LazyList(it)[6:2:-2], it[6:2:-2])
+        self.assertEqual(LazyList(it)[::-1], it[::-1])
+
+        self.assertTrue(LazyList(it))
+        self.assertFalse(LazyList(range(0)))
+        self.assertEqual(len(LazyList(it)), len(it))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(LazyList(it)), repr(it))
+        self.assertEqual(str(LazyList(it)), str(it))
+
+        self.assertEqual(list(LazyList(it, reverse=True)), it[::-1])
+        self.assertEqual(list(reversed(LazyList(it))[::-1]), it)
+        self.assertEqual(list(reversed(LazyList(it))[1:3:7]), it[::-1][1:3:7])
+
+    def test_LazyList_laziness(self):
+
+        def test(ll, idx, val, cache):
+            self.assertEqual(ll[idx], val)
+            self.assertEqual(ll._cache, list(cache))
+
+        ll = LazyList(range(10))
+        test(ll, 0, 0, range(1))
+        test(ll, 5, 5, range(6))
+        test(ll, -3, 7, range(10))
+
+        ll = LazyList(range(10), reverse=True)
+        test(ll, -1, 0, range(1))
+        test(ll, 3, 6, range(10))
+
+        ll = LazyList(itertools.count())
+        test(ll, 10, 10, range(11))
+        ll = reversed(ll)
+        test(ll, -15, 14, range(15))
+
+    def test_format_bytes(self):
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(0), '0.00B')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1000), '1000.00B')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1024), '1.00KiB')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1024**2), '1.00MiB')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1024**3), '1.00GiB')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1024**4), '1.00TiB')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1024**5), '1.00PiB')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1024**6), '1.00EiB')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1024**7), '1.00ZiB')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1024**8), '1.00YiB')
+        self.assertEqual(format_bytes(1024**9), '1024.00YiB')
+
+    def test_hide_login_info(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Config.hide_login_info(['-u', 'foo', '-p', 'bar']),
+                         ['-u', 'PRIVATE', '-p', 'PRIVATE'])
+        self.assertEqual(Config.hide_login_info(['-u']), ['-u'])
+        self.assertEqual(Config.hide_login_info(['-u', 'foo', '-u', 'bar']),
+                         ['-u', 'PRIVATE', '-u', 'PRIVATE'])
+        self.assertEqual(Config.hide_login_info(['--username=foo']),
+                         ['--username=PRIVATE'])
+
+    def test_locked_file(self):
+        TEXT = 'test_locked_file\n'
+        FILE = 'test_locked_file.ytdl'
+        MODES = 'war'  # Order is important
+
+        try:
+            for lock_mode in MODES:
+                with locked_file(FILE, lock_mode, False) as f:
+                    if lock_mode == 'r':
+                        self.assertEqual(f.read(), TEXT * 2, 'Wrong file content')
+                    else:
+                        f.write(TEXT)
+                    for test_mode in MODES:
+                        testing_write = test_mode != 'r'
+                        try:
+                            with locked_file(FILE, test_mode, False):
+                                pass
+                        except (BlockingIOError, PermissionError):
+                            if not testing_write:  # FIXME
+                                print(f'Known issue: Exclusive lock ({lock_mode}) blocks read access ({test_mode})')
+                                continue
+                            self.assertTrue(testing_write, f'{test_mode} is blocked by {lock_mode}')
+                        else:
+                            self.assertFalse(testing_write, f'{test_mode} is not blocked by {lock_mode}')
+        finally:
+            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+                os.remove(FILE)
+
+    def test_determine_file_encoding(self):
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b''), (None, 0))
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b'--verbose -x --audio-format mkv\n'), (None, 0))
+
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b'\xef\xbb\xbf'), ('utf-8', 3))
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b'\x00\x00\xfe\xff'), ('utf-32-be', 4))
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b'\xff\xfe'), ('utf-16-le', 2))
+
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b'\xff\xfe# coding: utf-8\n--verbose'), ('utf-16-le', 2))
+
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b'# coding: utf-8\n--verbose'), ('utf-8', 0))
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b'# coding: someencodinghere-12345\n--verbose'), ('someencodinghere-12345', 0))
+
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b'#coding:utf-8\n--verbose'), ('utf-8', 0))
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding(b'#  coding:   utf-8   \r\n--verbose'), ('utf-8', 0))
+
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding('# coding: utf-32-be'.encode('utf-32-be')), ('utf-32-be', 0))
+        self.assertEqual(determine_file_encoding('# coding: utf-16-le'.encode('utf-16-le')), ('utf-16-le', 0))
+
+    def test_get_compatible_ext(self):
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=[None], acodecs=[None, None], vexts=['mp4'], aexts=['m4a', 'm4a']), 'mkv')
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=[None], acodecs=[None], vexts=['flv'], aexts=['flv']), 'flv')
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=[None], acodecs=[None], vexts=['mp4'], aexts=['m4a']), 'mp4')
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=[None], acodecs=[None], vexts=['mp4'], aexts=['webm']), 'mkv')
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=[None], acodecs=[None], vexts=['webm'], aexts=['m4a']), 'mkv')
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=[None], acodecs=[None], vexts=['webm'], aexts=['webm']), 'webm')
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=[None], acodecs=[None], vexts=['webm'], aexts=['weba']), 'webm')
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=['h264'], acodecs=['mp4a'], vexts=['mov'], aexts=['m4a']), 'mp4')
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=['av01.0.12M.08'], acodecs=['opus'], vexts=['mp4'], aexts=['webm']), 'webm')
+
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=['vp9'], acodecs=['opus'], vexts=['webm'], aexts=['webm'], preferences=['flv', 'mp4']), 'mp4')
+        self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
+            vcodecs=['av1'], acodecs=['mp4a'], vexts=['webm'], aexts=['m4a'], preferences=('webm', 'mkv')), 'mkv')
+
+    def test_try_call(self):
+        def total(*x, **kwargs):
+            return sum(x) + sum(kwargs.values())
+
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(None), None,
+                         msg='not a fn should give None')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1), 1,
+                         msg='int fn with no expected_type should give int')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1, expected_type=int), 1,
+                         msg='int fn with expected_type int should give int')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1, expected_type=dict), None,
+                         msg='int fn with wrong expected_type should give None')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, args=(0, 1, 0, ), expected_type=int), 1,
+                         msg='fn should accept arglist')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, kwargs={'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 0}, expected_type=int), 1,
+                         msg='fn should accept kwargs')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1, expected_type=dict), None,
+                         msg='int fn with no expected_type should give None')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda x: {}, total, args=(42, ), expected_type=int), 42,
+                         msg='expect first int result with expected_type int')
+
+    def test_variadic(self):
+        self.assertEqual(variadic(None), (None, ))
+        self.assertEqual(variadic('spam'), ('spam', ))
+        self.assertEqual(variadic('spam', allowed_types=dict), 'spam')
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
+            self.assertEqual(variadic('spam', allowed_types=[dict]), 'spam')
+
+    def test_traverse_obj(self):
+        _TEST_DATA = {
+            100: 100,
+            1.2: 1.2,
+            'str': 'str',
+            'None': None,
+            '...': ...,
+            'urls': [
+                {'index': 0, 'url': 'https://www.example.com/0'},
+                {'index': 1, 'url': 'https://www.example.com/1'},
+            ],
+            'data': (
+                {'index': 2},
+                {'index': 3},
+            ),
+            'dict': {},
+        }
+
+        # Test base functionality
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('str',)), 'str',
+                         msg='allow tuple path')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['str']), 'str',
+                         msg='allow list path')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (value for value in ("str",))), 'str',
+                         msg='allow iterable path')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'str'), 'str',
+                         msg='single items should be treated as a path')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, None), _TEST_DATA)
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 100), 100)
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 1.2), 1.2)
+
+        # Test Ellipsis behavior
+        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ...),
+                              (item for item in _TEST_DATA.values() if item not in (None, {})),
+                              msg='`...` should give all non discarded values')
+        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', 0, ...)), _TEST_DATA['urls'][0].values(),
+                              msg='`...` selection for dicts should select all values')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., ..., 'url')),
+                         ['https://www.example.com/0', 'https://www.example.com/1'],
+                         msg='nested `...` queries should work')
+        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., ..., 'index')), range(4),
+                              msg='`...` query result should be flattened')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(iter(range(4)), ...), list(range(4)),
+                         msg='`...` should accept iterables')
+
+        # Test function as key
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda x, y: x == 'urls' and isinstance(y, list)),
+                         [_TEST_DATA['urls']],
+                         msg='function as query key should perform a filter based on (key, value)')
+        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda _, x: isinstance(x[0], str)), {'str'},
+                              msg='exceptions in the query function should be catched')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(iter(range(4)), lambda _, x: x % 2 == 0), [0, 2],
+                         msg='function key should accept iterables')
+        if __debug__:
+            with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Wrong function signature should raise in debug'):
+                traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda a: ...)
+            with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Wrong function signature should raise in debug'):
+                traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda a, b, c: ...)
+
+        # Test set as key (transformation/type, like `expected_type`)
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper}, )), ['STR'],
+                         msg='Function in set should be a transformation')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str})), ['str'],
+                         msg='Type in set should be a type filter')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {dict}), _TEST_DATA,
+                         msg='A single set should be wrapped into a path')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper})), ['STR'],
+                         msg='Transformation function should not raise')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str_or_none})),
+                         [item for item in map(str_or_none, _TEST_DATA.values()) if item is not None],
+                         msg='Function in set should be a transformation')
+        if __debug__:
+            with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Sets with length != 1 should raise in debug'):
+                traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, set())
+            with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Sets with length != 1 should raise in debug'):
+                traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {str.upper, str})
+
+        # Test `slice` as a key
+        _SLICE_DATA = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('dict', slice(1))), None,
+                         msg='slice on a dictionary should not throw')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1)), _SLICE_DATA[:1],
+                         msg='slice key should apply slice to sequence')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1, 2)), _SLICE_DATA[1:2],
+                         msg='slice key should apply slice to sequence')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1, 4, 2)), _SLICE_DATA[1:4:2],
+                         msg='slice key should apply slice to sequence')
+
+        # Test alternative paths
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'fail', 'str'), 'str',
+                         msg='multiple `paths` should be treated as alternative paths')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'str', 100), 'str',
+                         msg='alternatives should exit early')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'fail', 'fail'), None,
+                         msg='alternatives should return `default` if exhausted')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., 'fail'), 100), 100,
+                         msg='alternatives should track their own branching return')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('dict', ...), ('data', ...)), list(_TEST_DATA['data']),
+                         msg='alternatives on empty objects should search further')
+
+        # Test branch and path nesting
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', (3, 0), 'url')), ['https://www.example.com/0'],
+                         msg='tuple as key should be treated as branches')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', [3, 0], 'url')), ['https://www.example.com/0'],
+                         msg='list as key should be treated as branches')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', ((1, 'fail'), (0, 'url')))), ['https://www.example.com/0'],
+                         msg='double nesting in path should be treated as paths')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(['0', [1, 2]], [(0, 1), 0]), [1],
+                         msg='do not fail early on branching')
+        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', ((1, ('fail', 'url')), (0, 'url')))),
+                              ['https://www.example.com/0', 'https://www.example.com/1'],
+                              msg='tripple nesting in path should be treated as branches')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('urls', ('fail', (..., 'url')))),
+                         ['https://www.example.com/0', 'https://www.example.com/1'],
+                         msg='ellipsis as branch path start gets flattened')
+
+        # Test dictionary as key
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 100, 1: 1.2}), {0: 100, 1: 1.2},
+                         msg='dict key should result in a dict with the same keys')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', 0, 'url')}),
+                         {0: 'https://www.example.com/0'},
+                         msg='dict key should allow paths')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', (3, 0), 'url')}),
+                         {0: ['https://www.example.com/0']},
+                         msg='tuple in dict path should be treated as branches')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', ((1, 'fail'), (0, 'url')))}),
+                         {0: ['https://www.example.com/0']},
+                         msg='double nesting in dict path should be treated as paths')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('urls', ((1, ('fail', 'url')), (0, 'url')))}),
+                         {0: ['https://www.example.com/1', 'https://www.example.com/0']},
+                         msg='tripple nesting in dict path should be treated as branches')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'fail'}), {},
+                         msg='remove `None` values when top level dict key fails')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'fail'}, default=...), {0: ...},
+                         msg='use `default` if key fails and `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'dict'}), {},
+                         msg='remove empty values when dict key')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 'dict'}, default=...), {0: ...},
+                         msg='use `default` when dict key and `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: {0: 'fail'}}), {},
+                         msg='remove empty values when nested dict key fails')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(None, {0: 'fail'}), {},
+                         msg='default to dict if pruned')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(None, {0: 'fail'}, default=...), {0: ...},
+                         msg='default to dict if pruned and default is given')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: {0: 'fail'}}, default=...), {0: {0: ...}},
+                         msg='use nested `default` when nested dict key fails and `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: ('dict', ...)}), {},
+                         msg='remove key if branch in dict key not successful')
+
+        # Testing default parameter behavior
+        _DEFAULT_DATA = {'None': None, 'int': 0, 'list': []}
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'fail'), None,
+                         msg='default value should be `None`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'fail', 'fail', default=...), ...,
+                         msg='chained fails should result in default')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'None', 'int'), 0,
+                         msg='should not short cirquit on `None`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'fail', default=1), 1,
+                         msg='invalid dict key should result in `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, 'None', default=1), 1,
+                         msg='`None` is a deliberate sentinel and should become `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, ('list', 10)), None,
+                         msg='`IndexError` should result in `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, (..., 'fail'), default=1), 1,
+                         msg='if branched but not successful return `default` if defined, not `[]`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, (..., 'fail'), default=None), None,
+                         msg='if branched but not successful return `default` even if `default` is `None`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, (..., 'fail')), [],
+                         msg='if branched but not successful return `[]`, not `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_DEFAULT_DATA, ('list', ...)), [],
+                         msg='if branched but object is empty return `[]`, not `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(None, ...), [],
+                         msg='if branched but object is `None` return `[]`, not `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({0: None}, (0, ...)), [],
+                         msg='if branched but state is `None` return `[]`, not `default`')
+
+        branching_paths = [
+            ('fail', ...),
+            (..., 'fail'),
+            100 * ('fail',) + (...,),
+            (...,) + 100 * ('fail',),
+        ]
+        for branching_path in branching_paths:
+            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, branching_path), [],
+                             msg='if branched but state is `None`, return `[]` (not `default`)')
+            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, 'fail', branching_path), [],
+                             msg='if branching in last alternative and previous did not match, return `[]` (not `default`)')
+            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({0: 'x'}, 0, branching_path), 'x',
+                             msg='if branching in last alternative and previous did match, return single value')
+            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({0: 'x'}, branching_path, 0), 'x',
+                             msg='if branching in first alternative and non-branching path does match, return single value')
+            self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, branching_path, 'fail'), None,
+                             msg='if branching in first alternative and non-branching path does not match, return `default`')
+
+        # Testing expected_type behavior
+        _EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA = {'str': 'str', 'int': 0}
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'str', expected_type=str),
+                         'str', msg='accept matching `expected_type` type')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'str', expected_type=int),
+                         None, msg='reject non matching `expected_type` type')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'int', expected_type=lambda x: str(x)),
+                         '0', msg='transform type using type function')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, 'str', expected_type=lambda _: 1 / 0),
+                         None, msg='wrap expected_type fuction in try_call')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_EXPECTED_TYPE_DATA, ..., expected_type=str),
+                         ['str'], msg='eliminate items that expected_type fails on')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 100, 1: 1.2}, expected_type=int),
+                         {0: 100}, msg='type as expected_type should filter dict values')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: 100, 1: 1.2, 2: 'None'}, expected_type=str_or_none),
+                         {0: '100', 1: '1.2'}, msg='function as expected_type should transform dict values')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ({0: 1.2}, 0, {int_or_none}), expected_type=int),
+                         1, msg='expected_type should not filter non final dict values')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {0: {0: 100, 1: 'str'}}, expected_type=int),
+                         {0: {0: 100}}, msg='expected_type should transform deep dict values')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, [({0: '...'}, {0: '...'})], expected_type=type(...)),
+                         [{0: ...}, {0: ...}], msg='expected_type should transform branched dict values')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({1: {3: 4}}, [(1, 2), 3], expected_type=int),
+                         [4], msg='expected_type regression for type matching in tuple branching')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['data', ...], expected_type=int),
+                         [], msg='expected_type regression for type matching in dict result')
+
+        # Test get_all behavior
+        _GET_ALL_DATA = {'key': [0, 1, 2]}
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_GET_ALL_DATA, ('key', ...), get_all=False), 0,
+                         msg='if not `get_all`, return only first matching value')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_GET_ALL_DATA, ..., get_all=False), [0, 1, 2],
+                         msg='do not overflatten if not `get_all`')
+
+        # Test casesense behavior
+        _CASESENSE_DATA = {
+            'KeY': 'value0',
+            0: {
+                'KeY': 'value1',
+                0: {'KeY': 'value2'},
+            },
+        }
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, 'key'), None,
+                         msg='dict keys should be case sensitive unless `casesense`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, 'keY',
+                                      casesense=False), 'value0',
+                         msg='allow non matching key case if `casesense`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, (0, ('keY',)),
+                                      casesense=False), ['value1'],
+                         msg='allow non matching key case in branch if `casesense`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_CASESENSE_DATA, (0, ((0, 'keY'),)),
+                                      casesense=False), ['value2'],
+                         msg='allow non matching key case in branch path if `casesense`')
+
+        # Test traverse_string behavior
+        _TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA = {'str': 'str', 1.2: 1.2}
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', 0)), None,
+                         msg='do not traverse into string if not `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', 0),
+                                      traverse_string=True), 's',
+                         msg='traverse into string if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, (1.2, 1),
+                                      traverse_string=True), '.',
+                         msg='traverse into converted data if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', ...),
+                                      traverse_string=True), 'str',
+                         msg='`...` should result in string (same value) if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', slice(0, None, 2)),
+                                      traverse_string=True), 'sr',
+                         msg='`slice` should result in string if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', lambda i, v: i or v == "s"),
+                                      traverse_string=True), 'str',
+                         msg='function should result in string if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', (0, 2)),
+                                      traverse_string=True), ['s', 'r'],
+                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, (0, ...), traverse_string=True), [],
+                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, (0, lambda x, y: True), traverse_string=True), [],
+                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, (0, slice(1)), traverse_string=True), [],
+                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
+
+        # Test is_user_input behavior
+        _IS_USER_INPUT_DATA = {'range8': list(range(8))}
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_IS_USER_INPUT_DATA, ('range8', '3'),
+                                      is_user_input=True), 3,
+                         msg='allow for string indexing if `is_user_input`')
+        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_IS_USER_INPUT_DATA, ('range8', '3:'),
+                                           is_user_input=True), tuple(range(8))[3:],
+                              msg='allow for string slice if `is_user_input`')
+        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_IS_USER_INPUT_DATA, ('range8', ':4:2'),
+                                           is_user_input=True), tuple(range(8))[:4:2],
+                              msg='allow step in string slice if `is_user_input`')
+        self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_IS_USER_INPUT_DATA, ('range8', ':'),
+                                           is_user_input=True), range(8),
+                              msg='`:` should be treated as `...` if `is_user_input`')
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError, msg='too many params should result in error'):
+            traverse_obj(_IS_USER_INPUT_DATA, ('range8', ':::'), is_user_input=True)
+
+        # Test re.Match as input obj
+        mobj = re.fullmatch(r'0(12)(?P<group>3)(4)?', '0123')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, ...), [x for x in mobj.groups() if x is not None],
+                         msg='`...` on a `re.Match` should give its `groups()`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, lambda k, _: k in (0, 2)), ['0123', '3'],
+                         msg='function on a `re.Match` should give groupno, value starting at 0')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 'group'), '3',
+                         msg='str key on a `re.Match` should give group with that name')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 2), '3',
+                         msg='int key on a `re.Match` should give group with that name')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 'gRoUp', casesense=False), '3',
+                         msg='str key on a `re.Match` should respect casesense')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 'fail'), None,
+                         msg='failing str key on a `re.Match` should return `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 'gRoUpS', casesense=False), None,
+                         msg='failing str key on a `re.Match` should return `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, 8), None,
+                         msg='failing int key on a `re.Match` should return `default`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, lambda k, _: k in (0, 'group')), ['0123', '3'],
+                         msg='function on a `re.Match` should give group name as well')
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()