youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py

   1 # coding: utf-8
   2
   3 from __future__ import unicode_literals
   4
   5
   6 import itertools
   7 import json
   8 import os.path
   9 import re
  10 import time
  11 import traceback
  12
  13 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
  14 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
  15 from ..swfinterp import SWFInterpreter
  16 from ..compat import (
  17     compat_chr,
  18     compat_parse_qs,
  19     compat_urllib_parse,
  20     compat_urllib_request,
  21     compat_urlparse,
  22     compat_str,
  23 )
  24 from ..utils import (
  25     clean_html,
  26     ExtractorError,
  27     float_or_none,
  28     get_element_by_attribute,
  29     get_element_by_id,
  30     int_or_none,
  31     orderedSet,
  32     unescapeHTML,
  33     unified_strdate,
  34     uppercase_escape,
  35 )
  36
  37
  38 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
  39     """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
  40     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
  41     _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/SecondFactor'
  42     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
  43     # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
  44     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
  45
  46     def _set_language(self):
  47         self._set_cookie(
  48             '.youtube.com', 'PREF', 'f1=50000000&hl=en',
  49             # YouTube sets the expire time to about two months
  50             expire_time=time.time() + 2 * 30 * 24 * 3600)
  51
  52     def _ids_to_results(self, ids):
  53         return [
  54             self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
  55             for vid_id in ids]
  56
  57     def _login(self):
  58         """
  59         Attempt to log in to YouTube.
  60         True is returned if successful or skipped.
  61         False is returned if login failed.
  62
  63         If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
  64         """
  65         (username, password) = self._get_login_info()
  66         # No authentication to be performed
  67         if username is None:
  68             if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED:
  69                 raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
  70             return True
  71
  72         login_page = self._download_webpage(
  73             self._LOGIN_URL, None,
  74             note='Downloading login page',
  75             errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
  76         if login_page is False:
  77             return
  78
  79         galx = self._search_regex(r'(?s)<input.+?name="GALX".+?value="(.+?)"',
  80                                   login_page, 'Login GALX parameter')
  81
  82         # Log in
  83         login_form_strs = {
  84             'continue': 'https://www.youtube.com/signin?action_handle_signin=true&feature=sign_in_button&hl=en_US&nomobiletemp=1',
  85             'Email': username,
  86             'GALX': galx,
  87             'Passwd': password,
  88
  89             'PersistentCookie': 'yes',
  90             '_utf8': '霱',
  91             'bgresponse': 'js_disabled',
  92             'checkConnection': '',
  93             'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
  94             'dnConn': '',
  95             'pstMsg': '0',
  96             'rmShown': '1',
  97             'secTok': '',
  98             'signIn': 'Sign in',
  99             'timeStmp': '',
 100             'service': 'youtube',
 101             'uilel': '3',
 102             'hl': 'en_US',
 103         }
 104
 105         # Convert to UTF-8 *before* urlencode because Python 2.x's urlencode
 106         # chokes on unicode
 107         login_form = dict((k.encode('utf-8'), v.encode('utf-8')) for k, v in login_form_strs.items())
 108         login_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(login_form).encode('ascii')
 109
 110         req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._LOGIN_URL, login_data)
 111         login_results = self._download_webpage(
 112             req, None,
 113             note='Logging in', errnote='unable to log in', fatal=False)
 114         if login_results is False:
 115             return False
 116
 117         if re.search(r'id="errormsg_0_Passwd"', login_results) is not None:
 118             raise ExtractorError('Please use your account password and a two-factor code instead of an application-specific password.', expected=True)
 119
 120         # Two-Factor
 121         # TODO add SMS and phone call support - these require making a request and then prompting the user
 122
 123         if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_secondfactorform"', login_results) is not None:
 124             tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info()
 125
 126             if tfa_code is None:
 127                 self._downloader.report_warning('Two-factor authentication required. Provide it with --twofactor <code>')
 128                 self._downloader.report_warning('(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
 129                 return False
 130
 131             # Unlike the first login form, secTok and timeStmp are both required for the TFA form
 132
 133             match = re.search(r'id="secTok"\n\s+value=\'(.+)\'/>', login_results, re.M | re.U)
 134             if match is None:
 135                 self._downloader.report_warning('Failed to get secTok - did the page structure change?')
 136             secTok = match.group(1)
 137             match = re.search(r'id="timeStmp"\n\s+value=\'(.+)\'/>', login_results, re.M | re.U)
 138             if match is None:
 139                 self._downloader.report_warning('Failed to get timeStmp - did the page structure change?')
 140             timeStmp = match.group(1)
 141
 142             tfa_form_strs = {
 143                 'continue': 'https://www.youtube.com/signin?action_handle_signin=true&feature=sign_in_button&hl=en_US&nomobiletemp=1',
 144                 'smsToken': '',
 145                 'smsUserPin': tfa_code,
 146                 'smsVerifyPin': 'Verify',
 147
 148                 'PersistentCookie': 'yes',
 149                 'checkConnection': '',
 150                 'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
 151                 'pstMsg': '1',
 152                 'secTok': secTok,
 153                 'timeStmp': timeStmp,
 154                 'service': 'youtube',
 155                 'hl': 'en_US',
 156             }
 157             tfa_form = dict((k.encode('utf-8'), v.encode('utf-8')) for k, v in tfa_form_strs.items())
 158             tfa_data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(tfa_form).encode('ascii')
 159
 160             tfa_req = compat_urllib_request.Request(self._TWOFACTOR_URL, tfa_data)
 161             tfa_results = self._download_webpage(
 162                 tfa_req, None,
 163                 note='Submitting TFA code', errnote='unable to submit tfa', fatal=False)
 164
 165             if tfa_results is False:
 166                 return False
 167
 168             if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_secondfactorform"', tfa_results) is not None:
 169                 self._downloader.report_warning('Two-factor code expired. Please try again, or use a one-use backup code instead.')
 170                 return False
 171             if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', tfa_results) is not None:
 172                 self._downloader.report_warning('unable to log in - did the page structure change?')
 173                 return False
 174             if re.search(r'smsauth-interstitial-reviewsettings', tfa_results) is not None:
 175                 self._downloader.report_warning('Your Google account has a security notice. Please log in on your web browser, resolve the notice, and try again.')
 176                 return False
 177
 178         if re.search(r'(?i)<form[^>]* id="gaia_loginform"', login_results) is not None:
 179             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to log in: bad username or password')
 180             return False
 181         return True
 182
 183     def _real_initialize(self):
 184         if self._downloader is None:
 185             return
 186         self._set_language()
 187         if not self._login():
 188             return
 189
 190
 191 class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
 192     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
 193     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
 194                      (
 195                          (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
 196                          (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/|
 197                             (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com/|
 198                             (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com/|
 199                             (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com/|
 200                             tube\.majestyc\.net/|
 201                             youtube\.googleapis\.com/)                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
 202                          (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
 203                          (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
 204                              (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
 205                              |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
 206                                  (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
 207                                  (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
 208                                  (?:.*?&)?                                    # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx)
 209                                  v=
 210                              )
 211                          ))
 212                          |youtu\.be/                                          # just youtu.be/xxxx
 213                          |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
 214                          )
 215                      )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
 216                      ([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                      # here is it! the YouTube video ID
 217                      (?!.*?&list=)                                            # combined list/video URLs are handled by the playlist IE
 218                      (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
 219                      $"""
 220     _NEXT_URL_RE = r'[\?&]next_url=([^&]+)'
 221     _formats = {
 222         '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240},
 223         '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270},
 224         '13': {'ext': '3gp'},
 225         '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144},
 226         '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 227         '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
 228         '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 229         '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 230         '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'height': 240},
 231         '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
 232         '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072},
 233         '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360},
 234         '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 235         '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720},
 236         '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080},
 237         '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 238         '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480},
 239
 240
 241         # 3d videos
 242         '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 243         '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 244         '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 245         '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 246         '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 247         '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 248         '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'preference': -20},
 249
 250         # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
 251         '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 252         '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 253         '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 254         '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 255         '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 256         '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 257         '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'preference': -10},
 258
 259         # DASH mp4 video
 260         '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 261         '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 262         '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 263         '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 264         '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 265         '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
 266         '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 267         '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 268         '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 269         '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 270         '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
 271
 272         # Dash mp4 audio
 273         '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 48, 'preference': -50, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 274         '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 128, 'preference': -50, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 275         '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'none', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
 276
 277         # Dash webm
 278         '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
 279         '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
 280         '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
 281         '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
 282         '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
 283         '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP8', 'preference': -40},
 284         '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
 285         '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 286         '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 287         '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 288         '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 289         '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 290         '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 291         '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 292         '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 293         '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40},
 294         '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
 295         '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
 296         '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
 297         '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
 298         '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'acodec': 'none', 'preference': -40, 'fps': 60, 'vcodec': 'VP9'},
 299
 300         # Dash webm audio
 301         '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128, 'preference': -50},
 302         '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256, 'preference': -50},
 303
 304         # Dash webm audio with opus inside
 305         '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50, 'preference': -50},
 306         '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70, 'preference': -50},
 307         '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'none', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160, 'preference': -50},
 308
 309         # RTMP (unnamed)
 310         '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
 311     }
 312
 313     IE_NAME = 'youtube'
 314     _TESTS = [
 315         {
 316             'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
 317             'info_dict': {
 318                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
 319                 'ext': 'mp4',
 320                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
 321                 'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
 322                 'uploader_id': 'phihag',
 323                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 324                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
 325                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
 326                 'like_count': int,
 327                 'dislike_count': int,
 328             }
 329         },
 330         {
 331             'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxxajLWwzqY',
 332             'note': 'Test generic use_cipher_signature video (#897)',
 333             'info_dict': {
 334                 'id': 'UxxajLWwzqY',
 335                 'ext': 'mp4',
 336                 'upload_date': '20120506',
 337                 'title': 'Icona Pop - I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [OFFICIAL VIDEO]',
 338                 'description': 'md5:fea86fda2d5a5784273df5c7cc994d9f',
 339                 'uploader': 'Icona Pop',
 340                 'uploader_id': 'IconaPop',
 341             }
 342         },
 343         {
 344             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07FYdnEawAQ',
 345             'note': 'Test VEVO video with age protection (#956)',
 346             'info_dict': {
 347                 'id': '07FYdnEawAQ',
 348                 'ext': 'mp4',
 349                 'upload_date': '20130703',
 350                 'title': 'Justin Timberlake - Tunnel Vision (Explicit)',
 351                 'description': 'md5:64249768eec3bc4276236606ea996373',
 352                 'uploader': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 353                 'uploader_id': 'justintimberlakeVEVO',
 354             }
 355         },
 356         {
 357             'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 358             'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
 359             'info_dict': {
 360                 'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
 361                 'ext': 'mp4',
 362                 'upload_date': '20120608',
 363                 'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
 364                 'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
 365                 'uploader': 'SET India',
 366                 'uploader_id': 'setindia'
 367             }
 368         },
 369         {
 370             'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
 371             'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
 372             'info_dict': {
 373                 'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
 374                 'ext': 'm4a',
 375                 'upload_date': '20121002',
 376                 'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
 377                 'description': '',
 378                 'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
 379                 'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
 380             },
 381             'params': {
 382                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 383                 'format': '141',
 384             },
 385         },
 386         # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
 387         {
 388             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
 389             'info_dict': {
 390                 'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
 391                 'ext': 'm4a',
 392                 'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark ft. Spree Wilson',
 393                 'description': 'md5:12e7067fa6735a77bdcbb58cb1187d2d',
 394                 'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 395                 'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
 396                 'upload_date': '20131011',
 397             },
 398             'params': {
 399                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 400                 'format': '141',
 401             },
 402         },
 403         # JS player signature function name containing $
 404         {
 405             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfWlot6h_JM',
 406             'info_dict': {
 407                 'id': 'nfWlot6h_JM',
 408                 'ext': 'm4a',
 409                 'title': 'Taylor Swift - Shake It Off',
 410                 'description': 'md5:2acfda1b285bdd478ccec22f9918199d',
 411                 'uploader': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 412                 'uploader_id': 'TaylorSwiftVEVO',
 413                 'upload_date': '20140818',
 414             },
 415             'params': {
 416                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
 417                 'format': '141',
 418             },
 419         },
 420         # Controversy video
 421         {
 422             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4XJQO3qol8',
 423             'info_dict': {
 424                 'id': 'T4XJQO3qol8',
 425                 'ext': 'mp4',
 426                 'upload_date': '20100909',
 427                 'uploader': 'The Amazing Atheist',
 428                 'uploader_id': 'TheAmazingAtheist',
 429                 'title': 'Burning Everyone\'s Koran',
 430                 'description': 'SUBSCRIBE: http://www.youtube.com/saturninefilms\n\nEven Obama has taken a stand against freedom on this issue: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/09/obama-gma-interview-quran_n_710282.html',
 431             }
 432         },
 433         # Normal age-gate video (No vevo, embed allowed)
 434         {
 435             'url': 'http://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
 436             'info_dict': {
 437                 'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
 438                 'ext': 'mp4',
 439                 'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
 440                 'description': 're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
 441                 'uploader': 'The Witcher',
 442                 'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
 443                 'upload_date': '20140605',
 444             },
 445         },
 446         # Age-gate video with encrypted signature
 447         {
 448             'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kLq3WMV1nU',
 449             'info_dict': {
 450                 'id': '6kLq3WMV1nU',
 451                 'ext': 'mp4',
 452                 'title': 'Dedication To My Ex (Miss That) (Lyric Video)',
 453                 'description': 'md5:33765bb339e1b47e7e72b5490139bb41',
 454                 'uploader': 'LloydVEVO',
 455                 'uploader_id': 'LloydVEVO',
 456                 'upload_date': '20110629',
 457             },
 458         },
 459         # video_info is None (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
 460         {
 461             'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 462             'info_dict': {
 463                 'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
 464                 'ext': 'mp4',
 465                 'upload_date': '20100430',
 466                 'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
 467                 'description': 'md5:12c56784b8032162bb936a5f76d55360',
 468                 'uploader': 'deadmau5',
 469                 'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
 470             },
 471             'expected_warnings': [
 472                 'DASH manifest missing',
 473             ]
 474         },
 475         # Olympics (https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
 476         {
 477             'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 478             'info_dict': {
 479                 'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
 480                 'ext': 'mp4',
 481                 'upload_date': '20120731',
 482                 'uploader_id': 'olympic',
 483                 'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 484                 'uploader': 'Olympics',
 485                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
 486             },
 487             'params': {
 488                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 489             }
 490         },
 491         # Non-square pixels
 492         {
 493             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
 494             'info_dict': {
 495                 'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
 496                 'ext': 'mp4',
 497                 'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
 498                 'upload_date': '20110310',
 499                 'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
 500                 'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
 501                 'uploader': '孫艾倫',
 502                 'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
 503             },
 504         },
 505         # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
 506         {
 507             'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 508             'info_dict': {
 509                 'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
 510                 'ext': 'mp4',
 511                 'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
 512                 'description': '',
 513                 'upload_date': '20150404',
 514                 'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
 515                 'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
 516             },
 517             'params': {
 518                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
 519             }
 520         },
 521     ]
 522
 523     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 524         super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
 525         self._player_cache = {}
 526
 527     def report_video_info_webpage_download(self, video_id):
 528         """Report attempt to download video info webpage."""
 529         self.to_screen('%s: Downloading video info webpage' % video_id)
 530
 531     def report_information_extraction(self, video_id):
 532         """Report attempt to extract video information."""
 533         self.to_screen('%s: Extracting video information' % video_id)
 534
 535     def report_unavailable_format(self, video_id, format):
 536         """Report extracted video URL."""
 537         self.to_screen('%s: Format %s not available' % (video_id, format))
 538
 539     def report_rtmp_download(self):
 540         """Indicate the download will use the RTMP protocol."""
 541         self.to_screen('RTMP download detected')
 542
 543     def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
 544         """ Return a string representation of a signature """
 545         return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
 546
 547     def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
 548         id_m = re.match(
 549             r'.*?-(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/watch_as3|/html5player)?\.(?P<ext>[a-z]+)$',
 550             player_url)
 551         if not id_m:
 552             raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
 553         player_type = id_m.group('ext')
 554         player_id = id_m.group('id')
 555
 556         # Read from filesystem cache
 557         func_id = '%s_%s_%s' % (
 558             player_type, player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
 559         assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
 560
 561         cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
 562         if cache_spec is not None:
 563             return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
 564
 565         download_note = (
 566             'Downloading player %s' % player_url
 567             if self._downloader.params.get('verbose') else
 568             'Downloading %s player %s' % (player_type, player_id)
 569         )
 570         if player_type == 'js':
 571             code = self._download_webpage(
 572                 player_url, video_id,
 573                 note=download_note,
 574                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
 575             res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
 576         elif player_type == 'swf':
 577             urlh = self._request_webpage(
 578                 player_url, video_id,
 579                 note=download_note,
 580                 errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
 581             code = urlh.read()
 582             res = self._parse_sig_swf(code)
 583         else:
 584             assert False, 'Invalid player type %r' % player_type
 585
 586         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
 587         cache_res = res(test_string)
 588         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
 589
 590         self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
 591         return res
 592
 593     def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
 594         def gen_sig_code(idxs):
 595             def _genslice(start, end, step):
 596                 starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
 597                 ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
 598                 steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
 599                 return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)
 600
 601             step = None
 602             # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
 603             start = '(Never used)'
 604             for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
 605                 if step is not None:
 606                     if i - prev == step:
 607                         continue
 608                     yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
 609                     step = None
 610                     continue
 611                 if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
 612                     step = i - prev
 613                     start = prev
 614                     continue
 615                 else:
 616                     yield 's[%d]' % prev
 617             if step is None:
 618                 yield 's[%d]' % i
 619             else:
 620                 yield _genslice(start, i, step)
 621
 622         test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
 623         cache_res = func(test_string)
 624         cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
 625         expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
 626         signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
 627             ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
 628         code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
 629                 '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
 630         self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
 631
 632     def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
 633         funcname = self._search_regex(
 634             r'\.sig\|\|([a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(', jscode,
 635             'Initial JS player signature function name')
 636
 637         jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
 638         initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
 639         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
 640
 641     def _parse_sig_swf(self, file_contents):
 642         swfi = SWFInterpreter(file_contents)
 643         TARGET_CLASSNAME = 'SignatureDecipher'
 644         searched_class = swfi.extract_class(TARGET_CLASSNAME)
 645         initial_function = swfi.extract_function(searched_class, 'decipher')
 646         return lambda s: initial_function([s])
 647
 648     def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url, age_gate=False):
 649         """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
 650
 651         if player_url is None:
 652             raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')
 653
 654         if player_url.startswith('//'):
 655             player_url = 'https:' + player_url
 656         try:
 657             player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
 658             if player_id not in self._player_cache:
 659                 func = self._extract_signature_function(
 660                     video_id, player_url, s
 661                 )
 662                 self._player_cache[player_id] = func
 663             func = self._player_cache[player_id]
 664             if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_print_sig_code'):
 665                 self._print_sig_code(func, s)
 666             return func(s)
 667         except Exception as e:
 668             tb = traceback.format_exc()
 669             raise ExtractorError(
 670                 'Signature extraction failed: ' + tb, cause=e)
 671
 672     def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, webpage):
 673         try:
 674             subs_doc = self._download_xml(
 675                 'https://video.google.com/timedtext?hl=en&type=list&v=%s' % video_id,
 676                 video_id, note=False)
 677         except ExtractorError as err:
 678             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to download video subtitles: %s' % compat_str(err))
 679             return {}
 680
 681         sub_lang_list = {}
 682         for track in subs_doc.findall('track'):
 683             lang = track.attrib['lang_code']
 684             if lang in sub_lang_list:
 685                 continue
 686             sub_formats = []
 687             for ext in ['sbv', 'vtt', 'srt']:
 688                 params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
 689                     'lang': lang,
 690                     'v': video_id,
 691                     'fmt': ext,
 692                     'name': track.attrib['name'].encode('utf-8'),
 693                 })
 694                 sub_formats.append({
 695                     'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?' + params,
 696                     'ext': ext,
 697                 })
 698             sub_lang_list[lang] = sub_formats
 699         if not sub_lang_list:
 700             self._downloader.report_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
 701             return {}
 702         return sub_lang_list
 703
 704     def _get_automatic_captions(self, video_id, webpage):
 705         """We need the webpage for getting the captions url, pass it as an
 706            argument to speed up the process."""
 707         self.to_screen('%s: Looking for automatic captions' % video_id)
 708         mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer.config = ({.*?});', webpage)
 709         err_msg = 'Couldn\'t find automatic captions for %s' % video_id
 710         if mobj is None:
 711             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
 712             return {}
 713         player_config = json.loads(mobj.group(1))
 714         try:
 715             args = player_config['args']
 716             caption_url = args['ttsurl']
 717             timestamp = args['timestamp']
 718             # We get the available subtitles
 719             list_params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
 720                 'type': 'list',
 721                 'tlangs': 1,
 722                 'asrs': 1,
 723             })
 724             list_url = caption_url + '&' + list_params
 725             caption_list = self._download_xml(list_url, video_id)
 726             original_lang_node = caption_list.find('track')
 727             if original_lang_node is None:
 728                 self._downloader.report_warning('Video doesn\'t have automatic captions')
 729                 return {}
 730             original_lang = original_lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
 731             caption_kind = original_lang_node.attrib.get('kind', '')
 732
 733             sub_lang_list = {}
 734             for lang_node in caption_list.findall('target'):
 735                 sub_lang = lang_node.attrib['lang_code']
 736                 sub_formats = []
 737                 for ext in ['sbv', 'vtt', 'srt']:
 738                     params = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
 739                         'lang': original_lang,
 740                         'tlang': sub_lang,
 741                         'fmt': ext,
 742                         'ts': timestamp,
 743                         'kind': caption_kind,
 744                     })
 745                     sub_formats.append({
 746                         'url': caption_url + '&' + params,
 747                         'ext': ext,
 748                     })
 749                 sub_lang_list[sub_lang] = sub_formats
 750             return sub_lang_list
 751         # An extractor error can be raise by the download process if there are
 752         # no automatic captions but there are subtitles
 753         except (KeyError, ExtractorError):
 754             self._downloader.report_warning(err_msg)
 755             return {}
 756
 757     @classmethod
 758     def extract_id(cls, url):
 759         mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
 760         if mobj is None:
 761             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
 762         video_id = mobj.group(2)
 763         return video_id
 764
 765     def _extract_from_m3u8(self, manifest_url, video_id):
 766         url_map = {}
 767
 768         def _get_urls(_manifest):
 769             lines = _manifest.split('\n')
 770             urls = filter(lambda l: l and not l.startswith('#'),
 771                           lines)
 772             return urls
 773         manifest = self._download_webpage(manifest_url, video_id, 'Downloading formats manifest')
 774         formats_urls = _get_urls(manifest)
 775         for format_url in formats_urls:
 776             itag = self._search_regex(r'itag/(\d+?)/', format_url, 'itag')
 777             url_map[itag] = format_url
 778         return url_map
 779
 780     def _extract_annotations(self, video_id):
 781         url = 'https://www.youtube.com/annotations_invideo?features=1&legacy=1&video_id=%s' % video_id
 782         return self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note='Searching for annotations.', errnote='Unable to download video annotations.')
 783
 784     def _parse_dash_manifest(
 785             self, video_id, dash_manifest_url, player_url, age_gate):
 786         def decrypt_sig(mobj):
 787             s = mobj.group(1)
 788             dec_s = self._decrypt_signature(s, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
 789             return '/signature/%s' % dec_s
 790         dash_manifest_url = re.sub(r'/s/([a-fA-F0-9\.]+)', decrypt_sig, dash_manifest_url)
 791         dash_doc = self._download_xml(
 792             dash_manifest_url, video_id,
 793             note='Downloading DASH manifest',
 794             errnote='Could not download DASH manifest')
 795
 796         formats = []
 797         for a in dash_doc.findall('.//{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}AdaptationSet'):
 798             mime_type = a.attrib.get('mimeType')
 799             for r in a.findall('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}Representation'):
 800                 url_el = r.find('{urn:mpeg:DASH:schema:MPD:2011}BaseURL')
 801                 if url_el is None:
 802                     continue
 803                 if mime_type == 'text/vtt':
 804                     # TODO implement WebVTT downloading
 805                     pass
 806                 elif mime_type.startswith('audio/') or mime_type.startswith('video/'):
 807                     format_id = r.attrib['id']
 808                     video_url = url_el.text
 809                     filesize = int_or_none(url_el.attrib.get('{http://youtube.com/yt/2012/10/10}contentLength'))
 810                     f = {
 811                         'format_id': format_id,
 812                         'url': video_url,
 813                         'width': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('width')),
 814                         'height': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('height')),
 815                         'tbr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('bandwidth'), 1000),
 816                         'asr': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('audioSamplingRate')),
 817                         'filesize': filesize,
 818                         'fps': int_or_none(r.attrib.get('frameRate')),
 819                     }
 820                     try:
 821                         existing_format = next(
 822                             fo for fo in formats
 823                             if fo['format_id'] == format_id)
 824                     except StopIteration:
 825                         full_info = self._formats.get(format_id, {}).copy()
 826                         full_info.update(f)
 827                         formats.append(full_info)
 828                     else:
 829                         existing_format.update(f)
 830                 else:
 831                     self.report_warning('Unknown MIME type %s in DASH manifest' % mime_type)
 832         return formats
 833
 834     def _real_extract(self, url):
 835         proto = (
 836             'http' if self._downloader.params.get('prefer_insecure', False)
 837             else 'https')
 838
 839         # Extract original video URL from URL with redirection, like age verification, using next_url parameter
 840         mobj = re.search(self._NEXT_URL_RE, url)
 841         if mobj:
 842             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/' + compat_urllib_parse.unquote(mobj.group(1)).lstrip('/')
 843         video_id = self.extract_id(url)
 844
 845         # Get video webpage
 846         url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s&gl=US&hl=en&has_verified=1&bpctr=9999999999' % video_id
 847         video_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 848
 849         # Attempt to extract SWF player URL
 850         mobj = re.search(r'swfConfig.*?"(https?:\\/\\/.*?watch.*?-.*?\.swf)"', video_webpage)
 851         if mobj is not None:
 852             player_url = re.sub(r'\\(.)', r'\1', mobj.group(1))
 853         else:
 854             player_url = None
 855
 856         dash_mpds = []
 857
 858         def add_dash_mpd(video_info):
 859             dash_mpd = video_info.get('dashmpd')
 860             if dash_mpd and dash_mpd[0] not in dash_mpds:
 861                 dash_mpds.append(dash_mpd[0])
 862
 863         # Get video info
 864         embed_webpage = None
 865         if re.search(r'player-age-gate-content">', video_webpage) is not None:
 866             age_gate = True
 867             # We simulate the access to the video from www.youtube.com/v/{video_id}
 868             # this can be viewed without login into Youtube
 869             url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
 870             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
 871             data = compat_urllib_parse.urlencode({
 872                 'video_id': video_id,
 873                 'eurl': 'https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/' + video_id,
 874                 'sts': self._search_regex(
 875                     r'"sts"\s*:\s*(\d+)', embed_webpage, 'sts', default=''),
 876             })
 877             video_info_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?' + data
 878             video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
 879                 video_info_url, video_id,
 880                 note='Refetching age-gated info webpage',
 881                 errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
 882             video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
 883             add_dash_mpd(video_info)
 884         else:
 885             age_gate = False
 886             video_info = None
 887             # Try looking directly into the video webpage
 888             mobj = re.search(r';ytplayer\.config\s*=\s*({.*?});', video_webpage)
 889             if mobj:
 890                 json_code = uppercase_escape(mobj.group(1))
 891                 ytplayer_config = json.loads(json_code)
 892                 args = ytplayer_config['args']
 893                 if args.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map'):
 894                     # Convert to the same format returned by compat_parse_qs
 895                     video_info = dict((k, [v]) for k, v in args.items())
 896                     add_dash_mpd(video_info)
 897             if not video_info or self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
 898                 # We also try looking in get_video_info since it may contain different dashmpd
 899                 # URL that points to a DASH manifest with possibly different itag set (some itags
 900                 # are missing from DASH manifest pointed by webpage's dashmpd, some - from DASH
 901                 # manifest pointed by get_video_info's dashmpd).
 902                 # The general idea is to take a union of itags of both DASH manifests (for example
 903                 # video with such 'manifest behavior' see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/6093)
 904                 self.report_video_info_webpage_download(video_id)
 905                 for el_type in ['&el=info', '&el=embedded', '&el=detailpage', '&el=vevo', '']:
 906                     video_info_url = (
 907                         '%s://www.youtube.com/get_video_info?&video_id=%s%s&ps=default&eurl=&gl=US&hl=en'
 908                         % (proto, video_id, el_type))
 909                     video_info_webpage = self._download_webpage(
 910                         video_info_url,
 911                         video_id, note=False,
 912                         errnote='unable to download video info webpage')
 913                     get_video_info = compat_parse_qs(video_info_webpage)
 914                     add_dash_mpd(get_video_info)
 915                     if not video_info:
 916                         video_info = get_video_info
 917                     if 'token' in get_video_info:
 918                         break
 919         if 'token' not in video_info:
 920             if 'reason' in video_info:
 921                 raise ExtractorError(
 922                     'YouTube said: %s' % video_info['reason'][0],
 923                     expected=True, video_id=video_id)
 924             else:
 925                 raise ExtractorError(
 926                     '"token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason',
 927                     video_id=video_id)
 928
 929         if 'view_count' in video_info:
 930             view_count = int(video_info['view_count'][0])
 931         else:
 932             view_count = None
 933
 934         # Check for "rental" videos
 935         if 'ypc_video_rental_bar_text' in video_info and 'author' not in video_info:
 936             raise ExtractorError('"rental" videos not supported')
 937
 938         # Start extracting information
 939         self.report_information_extraction(video_id)
 940
 941         # uploader
 942         if 'author' not in video_info:
 943             raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract uploader name')
 944         video_uploader = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['author'][0])
 945
 946         # uploader_id
 947         video_uploader_id = None
 948         mobj = re.search(r'<link itemprop="url" href="http://www.youtube.com/(?:user|channel)/([^"]+)">', video_webpage)
 949         if mobj is not None:
 950             video_uploader_id = mobj.group(1)
 951         else:
 952             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract uploader nickname')
 953
 954         # title
 955         if 'title' in video_info:
 956             video_title = video_info['title'][0]
 957         else:
 958             self._downloader.report_warning('Unable to extract video title')
 959             video_title = '_'
 960
 961         # thumbnail image
 962         # We try first to get a high quality image:
 963         m_thumb = re.search(r'<span itemprop="thumbnail".*?href="(.*?)">',
 964                             video_webpage, re.DOTALL)
 965         if m_thumb is not None:
 966             video_thumbnail = m_thumb.group(1)
 967         elif 'thumbnail_url' not in video_info:
 968             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract video thumbnail')
 969             video_thumbnail = None
 970         else:   # don't panic if we can't find it
 971             video_thumbnail = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['thumbnail_url'][0])
 972
 973         # upload date
 974         upload_date = None
 975         mobj = re.search(r'(?s)id="eow-date.*?>(.*?)</span>', video_webpage)
 976         if mobj is None:
 977             mobj = re.search(
 978                 r'(?s)id="watch-uploader-info".*?>.*?(?:Published|Uploaded|Streamed live) on (.*?)</strong>',
 979                 video_webpage)
 980         if mobj is not None:
 981             upload_date = ' '.join(re.sub(r'[/,-]', r' ', mobj.group(1)).split())
 982             upload_date = unified_strdate(upload_date)
 983
 984         m_cat_container = self._search_regex(
 985             r'(?s)<h4[^>]*>\s*Category\s*</h4>\s*<ul[^>]*>(.*?)</ul>',
 986             video_webpage, 'categories', default=None)
 987         if m_cat_container:
 988             category = self._html_search_regex(
 989                 r'(?s)<a[^<]+>(.*?)</a>', m_cat_container, 'category',
 990                 default=None)
 991             video_categories = None if category is None else [category]
 992         else:
 993             video_categories = None
 994
 995         # description
 996         video_description = get_element_by_id("eow-description", video_webpage)
 997         if video_description:
 998             video_description = re.sub(r'''(?x)
 999                 <a\s+
1000                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
1001                     title="([^"]+)"\s+
1002                     (?:[a-zA-Z-]+="[^"]+"\s+)*?
1003                     class="yt-uix-redirect-link"\s*>
1004                 [^<]+
1005                 </a>
1006             ''', r'\1', video_description)
1007             video_description = clean_html(video_description)
1008         else:
1009             fd_mobj = re.search(r'<meta name="description" content="([^"]+)"', video_webpage)
1010             if fd_mobj:
1011                 video_description = unescapeHTML(fd_mobj.group(1))
1012             else:
1013                 video_description = ''
1014
1015         def _extract_count(count_name):
1016             count = self._search_regex(
1017                 r'id="watch-%s"[^>]*>.*?([\d,]+)\s*</span>' % re.escape(count_name),
1018                 video_webpage, count_name, default=None)
1019             if count is not None:
1020                 return int(count.replace(',', ''))
1021             return None
1022         like_count = _extract_count('like')
1023         dislike_count = _extract_count('dislike')
1024
1025         # subtitles
1026         video_subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, video_webpage)
1027         automatic_captions = self.extract_automatic_captions(video_id, video_webpage)
1028
1029         if 'length_seconds' not in video_info:
1030             self._downloader.report_warning('unable to extract video duration')
1031             video_duration = None
1032         else:
1033             video_duration = int(compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(video_info['length_seconds'][0]))
1034
1035         # annotations
1036         video_annotations = None
1037         if self._downloader.params.get('writeannotations', False):
1038             video_annotations = self._extract_annotations(video_id)
1039
1040         def _map_to_format_list(urlmap):
1041             formats = []
1042             for itag, video_real_url in urlmap.items():
1043                 dct = {
1044                     'format_id': itag,
1045                     'url': video_real_url,
1046                     'player_url': player_url,
1047                 }
1048                 if itag in self._formats:
1049                     dct.update(self._formats[itag])
1050                 formats.append(dct)
1051             return formats
1052
1053         if 'conn' in video_info and video_info['conn'][0].startswith('rtmp'):
1054             self.report_rtmp_download()
1055             formats = [{
1056                 'format_id': '_rtmp',
1057                 'protocol': 'rtmp',
1058                 'url': video_info['conn'][0],
1059                 'player_url': player_url,
1060             }]
1061         elif len(video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0]) >= 1 or len(video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]) >= 1:
1062             encoded_url_map = video_info.get('url_encoded_fmt_stream_map', [''])[0] + ',' + video_info.get('adaptive_fmts', [''])[0]
1063             if 'rtmpe%3Dyes' in encoded_url_map:
1064                 raise ExtractorError('rtmpe downloads are not supported, see https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/343 for more information.', expected=True)
1065             url_map = {}
1066             for url_data_str in encoded_url_map.split(','):
1067                 url_data = compat_parse_qs(url_data_str)
1068                 if 'itag' not in url_data or 'url' not in url_data:
1069                     continue
1070                 format_id = url_data['itag'][0]
1071                 url = url_data['url'][0]
1072
1073                 if 'sig' in url_data:
1074                     url += '&signature=' + url_data['sig'][0]
1075                 elif 's' in url_data:
1076                     encrypted_sig = url_data['s'][0]
1077                     ASSETS_RE = r'"assets":.+?"js":\s*("[^"]+")'
1078
1079                     jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1080                         ASSETS_RE,
1081                         embed_webpage if age_gate else video_webpage,
1082                         'JS player URL (1)', default=None)
1083                     if not jsplayer_url_json and not age_gate:
1084                         # We need the embed website after all
1085                         if embed_webpage is None:
1086                             embed_url = proto + '://www.youtube.com/embed/%s' % video_id
1087                             embed_webpage = self._download_webpage(
1088                                 embed_url, video_id, 'Downloading embed webpage')
1089                         jsplayer_url_json = self._search_regex(
1090                             ASSETS_RE, embed_webpage, 'JS player URL')
1091
1092                     player_url = json.loads(jsplayer_url_json)
1093                     if player_url is None:
1094                         player_url_json = self._search_regex(
1095                             r'ytplayer\.config.*?"url"\s*:\s*("[^"]+")',
1096                             video_webpage, 'age gate player URL')
1097                         player_url = json.loads(player_url_json)
1098
1099                     if self._downloader.params.get('verbose'):
1100                         if player_url is None:
1101                             player_version = 'unknown'
1102                             player_desc = 'unknown'
1103                         else:
1104                             if player_url.endswith('swf'):
1105                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1106                                     r'-(.+?)(?:/watch_as3)?\.swf$', player_url,
1107                                     'flash player', fatal=False)
1108                                 player_desc = 'flash player %s' % player_version
1109                             else:
1110                                 player_version = self._search_regex(
1111                                     r'html5player-([^/]+?)(?:/html5player)?\.js',
1112                                     player_url,
1113                                     'html5 player', fatal=False)
1114                                 player_desc = 'html5 player %s' % player_version
1115
1116                         parts_sizes = self._signature_cache_id(encrypted_sig)
1117                         self.to_screen('{%s} signature length %s, %s' %
1118                                        (format_id, parts_sizes, player_desc))
1119
1120                     signature = self._decrypt_signature(
1121                         encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url, age_gate)
1122                     url += '&signature=' + signature
1123                 if 'ratebypass' not in url:
1124                     url += '&ratebypass=yes'
1125                 url_map[format_id] = url
1126             formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
1127         elif video_info.get('hlsvp'):
1128             manifest_url = video_info['hlsvp'][0]
1129             url_map = self._extract_from_m3u8(manifest_url, video_id)
1130             formats = _map_to_format_list(url_map)
1131         else:
1132             raise ExtractorError('no conn, hlsvp or url_encoded_fmt_stream_map information found in video info')
1133
1134         # Look for the DASH manifest
1135         if self._downloader.params.get('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
1136             for dash_manifest_url in dash_mpds:
1137                 dash_formats = {}
1138                 try:
1139                     for df in self._parse_dash_manifest(
1140                             video_id, dash_manifest_url, player_url, age_gate):
1141                         # Do not overwrite DASH format found in some previous DASH manifest
1142                         if df['format_id'] not in dash_formats:
1143                             dash_formats[df['format_id']] = df
1144                 except (ExtractorError, KeyError) as e:
1145                     self.report_warning(
1146                         'Skipping DASH manifest: %r' % e, video_id)
1147                 if dash_formats:
1148                     # Remove the formats we found through non-DASH, they
1149                     # contain less info and it can be wrong, because we use
1150                     # fixed values (for example the resolution). See
1151                     # https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/5774 for an
1152                     # example.
1153                     formats = [f for f in formats if f['format_id'] not in dash_formats.keys()]
1154                     formats.extend(dash_formats.values())
1155
1156         # Check for malformed aspect ratio
1157         stretched_m = re.search(
1158             r'<meta\s+property="og:video:tag".*?content="yt:stretch=(?P<w>[0-9]+):(?P<h>[0-9]+)">',
1159             video_webpage)
1160         if stretched_m:
1161             ratio = float(stretched_m.group('w')) / float(stretched_m.group('h'))
1162             for f in formats:
1163                 if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
1164                     f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
1165
1166         self._sort_formats(formats)
1167
1168         return {
1169             'id': video_id,
1170             'uploader': video_uploader,
1171             'uploader_id': video_uploader_id,
1172             'upload_date': upload_date,
1173             'title': video_title,
1174             'thumbnail': video_thumbnail,
1175             'description': video_description,
1176             'categories': video_categories,
1177             'subtitles': video_subtitles,
1178             'automatic_captions': automatic_captions,
1179             'duration': video_duration,
1180             'age_limit': 18 if age_gate else 0,
1181             'annotations': video_annotations,
1182             'webpage_url': proto + '://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,
1183             'view_count': view_count,
1184             'like_count': like_count,
1185             'dislike_count': dislike_count,
1186             'average_rating': float_or_none(video_info.get('avg_rating', [None])[0]),
1187             'formats': formats,
1188         }
1189
1190
1191 class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1192     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
1193     _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)(?:
1194                         (?:https?://)?
1195                         (?:\w+\.)?
1196                         youtube\.com/
1197                         (?:
1198                            (?:course|view_play_list|my_playlists|artist|playlist|watch|embed/videoseries)
1199                            \? (?:.*?&)*? (?:p|a|list)=
1200                         |  p/
1201                         )
1202                         (
1203                             (?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL)?[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}
1204                             # Top tracks, they can also include dots
1205                             |(?:MC)[\w\.]*
1206                         )
1207                         .*
1208                      |
1209                         ((?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,})
1210                      )"""
1211     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s'
1212     _VIDEO_RE = r'href="\s*/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?index=(?P<index>\d+)'
1213     IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
1214     _TESTS = [{
1215         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
1216         'info_dict': {
1217             'title': 'ytdl test PL',
1218             'id': 'PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re',
1219         },
1220         'playlist_count': 3,
1221     }, {
1222         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
1223         'info_dict': {
1224             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbZDA7i_euNxn75ISqxwZPYx',
1225             'title': 'YDL_Empty_List',
1226         },
1227         'playlist_count': 0,
1228     }, {
1229         'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
1230         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
1231         'info_dict': {
1232             'title': '29C3: Not my department',
1233             'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
1234         },
1235         'playlist_count': 95,
1236     }, {
1237         'note': 'issue #673',
1238         'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
1239         'info_dict': {
1240             'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
1241             'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
1242         },
1243         'playlist_mincount': 26,
1244     }, {
1245         'note': 'Large playlist',
1246         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
1247         'info_dict': {
1248             'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
1249             'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
1250         },
1251         'playlist_mincount': 799,
1252     }, {
1253         'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
1254         'info_dict': {
1255             'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
1256             'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
1257         },
1258         'playlist_count': 2,
1259     }, {
1260         'note': 'embedded',
1261         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
1262         'playlist_count': 4,
1263         'info_dict': {
1264             'title': 'JODA15',
1265             'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
1266         }
1267     }, {
1268         'note': 'Embedded SWF player',
1269         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/p/YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ?hl=en_US&fs=1&rel=0',
1270         'playlist_count': 4,
1271         'info_dict': {
1272             'title': 'JODA7',
1273             'id': 'YN5VISEtHet5D4NEvfTd0zcgFk84NqFZ',
1274         }
1275     }, {
1276         'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
1277         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
1278         'info_dict': {
1279             'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
1280             'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
1281         },
1282         'playlist_mincout': 21,
1283     }]
1284
1285     def _real_initialize(self):
1286         self._login()
1287
1288     def _extract_mix(self, playlist_id):
1289         # The mixes are generated from a single video
1290         # the id of the playlist is just 'RD' + video_id
1291         url = 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=%s&list=%s' % (playlist_id[-11:], playlist_id)
1292         webpage = self._download_webpage(
1293             url, playlist_id, 'Downloading Youtube mix')
1294         search_title = lambda class_name: get_element_by_attribute('class', class_name, webpage)
1295         title_span = (
1296             search_title('playlist-title') or
1297             search_title('title long-title') or
1298             search_title('title'))
1299         title = clean_html(title_span)
1300         ids = orderedSet(re.findall(
1301             r'''(?xs)data-video-username=".*?".*?
1302                        href="/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})&amp;[^"]*?list=%s''' % re.escape(playlist_id),
1303             webpage))
1304         url_results = self._ids_to_results(ids)
1305
1306         return self.playlist_result(url_results, playlist_id, title)
1307
1308     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_id):
1309         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % playlist_id
1310         page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
1311
1312         for match in re.findall(r'<div class="yt-alert-message">([^<]+)</div>', page):
1313             match = match.strip()
1314             # Check if the playlist exists or is private
1315             if re.match(r'[^<]*(The|This) playlist (does not exist|is private)[^<]*', match):
1316                 raise ExtractorError(
1317                     'The playlist doesn\'t exist or is private, use --username or '
1318                     '--netrc to access it.',
1319                     expected=True)
1320             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Invalid parameters[^<]*', match):
1321                 raise ExtractorError(
1322                     'Invalid parameters. Maybe URL is incorrect.',
1323                     expected=True)
1324             elif re.match(r'[^<]*Choose your language[^<]*', match):
1325                 continue
1326             else:
1327                 self.report_warning('Youtube gives an alert message: ' + match)
1328
1329         # Extract the video ids from the playlist pages
1330         def _entries():
1331             more_widget_html = content_html = page
1332             for page_num in itertools.count(1):
1333                 matches = re.finditer(self._VIDEO_RE, content_html)
1334                 # We remove the duplicates and the link with index 0
1335                 # (it's not the first video of the playlist)
1336                 new_ids = orderedSet(m.group('id') for m in matches if m.group('index') != '0')
1337                 for vid_id in new_ids:
1338                     yield self.url_result(vid_id, 'Youtube', video_id=vid_id)
1339
1340                 mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
1341                 if not mobj:
1342                     break
1343
1344                 more = self._download_json(
1345                     'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), playlist_id,
1346                     'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
1347                     transform_source=uppercase_escape)
1348                 content_html = more['content_html']
1349                 if not content_html.strip():
1350                     # Some webpages show a "Load more" button but they don't
1351                     # have more videos
1352                     break
1353                 more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
1354
1355         playlist_title = self._html_search_regex(
1356             r'(?s)<h1 class="pl-header-title[^"]*">\s*(.*?)\s*</h1>',
1357             page, 'title')
1358
1359         return self.playlist_result(_entries(), playlist_id, playlist_title)
1360
1361     def _real_extract(self, url):
1362         # Extract playlist id
1363         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1364         if mobj is None:
1365             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
1366         playlist_id = mobj.group(1) or mobj.group(2)
1367
1368         # Check if it's a video-specific URL
1369         query_dict = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)
1370         if 'v' in query_dict:
1371             video_id = query_dict['v'][0]
1372             if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist'):
1373                 self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
1374                 return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id)
1375             else:
1376                 self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s - add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))
1377
1378         if playlist_id.startswith('RD') or playlist_id.startswith('UL'):
1379             # Mixes require a custom extraction process
1380             return self._extract_mix(playlist_id)
1381
1382         return self._extract_playlist(playlist_id)
1383
1384
1385 class YoutubeChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
1386     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com channels'
1387     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:youtu\.be|(?:\w+\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com)/channel/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)'
1388     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s/videos'
1389     IE_NAME = 'youtube:channel'
1390     _TESTS = [{
1391         'note': 'paginated channel',
1392         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
1393         'playlist_mincount': 91,
1394         'info_dict': {
1395             'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
1396         }
1397     }]
1398
1399     @staticmethod
1400     def extract_videos_from_page(page):
1401         ids_in_page = []
1402         titles_in_page = []
1403         for mobj in re.finditer(r'(?:title="(?P<title>[^"]+)"[^>]+)?href="/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]+)&?', page):
1404             video_id = mobj.group('id')
1405             video_title = unescapeHTML(mobj.group('title'))
1406             try:
1407                 idx = ids_in_page.index(video_id)
1408                 if video_title and not titles_in_page[idx]:
1409                     titles_in_page[idx] = video_title
1410             except ValueError:
1411                 ids_in_page.append(video_id)
1412                 titles_in_page.append(video_title)
1413         return zip(ids_in_page, titles_in_page)
1414
1415     def _real_extract(self, url):
1416         channel_id = self._match_id(url)
1417
1418         url = self._TEMPLATE_URL % channel_id
1419
1420         # Channel by page listing is restricted to 35 pages of 30 items, i.e. 1050 videos total (see #5778)
1421         # Workaround by extracting as a playlist if managed to obtain channel playlist URL
1422         # otherwise fallback on channel by page extraction
1423         channel_page = self._download_webpage(
1424             url + '?view=57', channel_id,
1425             'Downloading channel page', fatal=False)
1426         channel_playlist_id = self._html_search_meta(
1427             'channelId', channel_page, 'channel id', default=None)
1428         if not channel_playlist_id:
1429             channel_playlist_id = self._search_regex(
1430                 r'data-channel-external-id="([^"]+)"',
1431                 channel_page, 'channel id', default=None)
1432         if channel_playlist_id and channel_playlist_id.startswith('UC'):
1433             playlist_id = 'UU' + channel_playlist_id[2:]
1434             return self.url_result(
1435                 compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, '/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id), 'YoutubePlaylist')
1436
1437         channel_page = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id, 'Downloading page #1')
1438         autogenerated = re.search(r'''(?x)
1439                 class="[^"]*?(?:
1440                     channel-header-autogenerated-label|
1441                     yt-channel-title-autogenerated
1442                 )[^"]*"''', channel_page) is not None
1443
1444         if autogenerated:
1445             # The videos are contained in a single page
1446             # the ajax pages can't be used, they are empty
1447             entries = [
1448                 self.url_result(
1449                     video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id,
1450                     video_title=video_title)
1451                 for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(channel_page)]
1452             return self.playlist_result(entries, channel_id)
1453
1454         def _entries():
1455             more_widget_html = content_html = channel_page
1456             for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
1457
1458                 for video_id, video_title in self.extract_videos_from_page(content_html):
1459                     yield self.url_result(
1460                         video_id, 'Youtube', video_id=video_id,
1461                         video_title=video_title)
1462
1463                 mobj = re.search(
1464                     r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"',
1465                     more_widget_html)
1466                 if not mobj:
1467                     break
1468
1469                 more = self._download_json(
1470                     'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), channel_id,
1471                     'Downloading page #%s' % (pagenum + 1),
1472                     transform_source=uppercase_escape)
1473                 content_html = more['content_html']
1474                 more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
1475
1476         return self.playlist_result(_entries(), channel_id)
1477
1478
1479 class YoutubeUserIE(YoutubeChannelIE):
1480     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos (URL or "ytuser" keyword)'
1481     _VALID_URL = r'(?:(?:(?:https?://)?(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/(?:user/)?(?!(?:attribution_link|watch|results)(?:$|[^a-z_A-Z0-9-])))|ytuser:)(?!feed/)(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_-]+)'
1482     _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://www.youtube.com/user/%s/videos'
1483     IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
1484
1485     _TESTS = [{
1486         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation',
1487         'playlist_mincount': 320,
1488         'info_dict': {
1489             'title': 'TheLinuxFoundation',
1490         }
1491     }, {
1492         'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
1493         'only_matching': True,
1494     }]
1495
1496     @classmethod
1497     def suitable(cls, url):
1498         # Don't return True if the url can be extracted with other youtube
1499         # extractor, the regex would is too permissive and it would match.
1500         other_ies = iter(klass for (name, klass) in globals().items() if name.endswith('IE') and klass is not cls)
1501         if any(ie.suitable(url) for ie in other_ies):
1502             return False
1503         else:
1504             return super(YoutubeUserIE, cls).suitable(url)
1505
1506
1507 class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubePlaylistIE):
1508     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches'
1509     # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
1510     # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
1511     _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
1512     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
1513     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
1514     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {}
1515     _TESTS = []
1516
1517     def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
1518         """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
1519
1520         videos = []
1521         limit = n
1522
1523         for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
1524             url_query = {
1525                 'search_query': query.encode('utf-8'),
1526                 'page': pagenum,
1527                 'spf': 'navigate',
1528             }
1529             url_query.update(self._EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS)
1530             result_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/results?' + compat_urllib_parse.urlencode(url_query)
1531             data = self._download_json(
1532                 result_url, video_id='query "%s"' % query,
1533                 note='Downloading page %s' % pagenum,
1534                 errnote='Unable to download API page')
1535             html_content = data[1]['body']['content']
1536
1537             if 'class="search-message' in html_content:
1538                 raise ExtractorError(
1539                     '[youtube] No video results', expected=True)
1540
1541             new_videos = self._ids_to_results(orderedSet(re.findall(
1542                 r'href="/watch\?v=(.{11})', html_content)))
1543             videos += new_videos
1544             if not new_videos or len(videos) > limit:
1545                 break
1546
1547         if len(videos) > n:
1548             videos = videos[:n]
1549         return self.playlist_result(videos, query)
1550
1551
1552 class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
1553     IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
1554     _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
1555     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first'
1556     _EXTRA_QUERY_ARGS = {'search_sort': 'video_date_uploaded'}
1557
1558
1559 class YoutubeSearchURLIE(InfoExtractor):
1560     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
1561     IE_NAME = 'youtube:search_url'
1562     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?search_query=(?P<query>[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
1563     _TESTS = [{
1564         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
1565         'playlist_mincount': 5,
1566         'info_dict': {
1567             'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
1568         }
1569     }]
1570
1571     def _real_extract(self, url):
1572         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1573         query = compat_urllib_parse.unquote_plus(mobj.group('query'))
1574
1575         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, query)
1576         result_code = self._search_regex(
1577             r'(?s)<ol[^>]+class="item-section"(.*?)</ol>', webpage, 'result HTML')
1578
1579         part_codes = re.findall(
1580             r'(?s)<h3 class="yt-lockup-title">(.*?)</h3>', result_code)
1581         entries = []
1582         for part_code in part_codes:
1583             part_title = self._html_search_regex(
1584                 [r'(?s)title="([^"]+)"', r'>([^<]+)</a>'], part_code, 'item title', fatal=False)
1585             part_url_snippet = self._html_search_regex(
1586                 r'(?s)href="([^"]+)"', part_code, 'item URL')
1587             part_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
1588                 'https://www.youtube.com/', part_url_snippet)
1589             entries.append({
1590                 '_type': 'url',
1591                 'url': part_url,
1592                 'title': part_title,
1593             })
1594
1595         return {
1596             '_type': 'playlist',
1597             'entries': entries,
1598             'title': query,
1599         }
1600
1601
1602 class YoutubeShowIE(InfoExtractor):
1603     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com (multi-season) shows'
1604     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/show/(?P<id>[^?#]*)'
1605     IE_NAME = 'youtube:show'
1606     _TESTS = [{
1607         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/show/airdisasters',
1608         'playlist_mincount': 3,
1609         'info_dict': {
1610             'id': 'airdisasters',
1611             'title': 'Air Disasters',
1612         }
1613     }]
1614
1615     def _real_extract(self, url):
1616         mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
1617         playlist_id = mobj.group('id')
1618         webpage = self._download_webpage(
1619             url, playlist_id, 'Downloading show webpage')
1620         # There's one playlist for each season of the show
1621         m_seasons = list(re.finditer(r'href="(/playlist\?list=.*?)"', webpage))
1622         self.to_screen('%s: Found %s seasons' % (playlist_id, len(m_seasons)))
1623         entries = [
1624             self.url_result(
1625                 'https://www.youtube.com' + season.group(1), 'YoutubePlaylist')
1626             for season in m_seasons
1627         ]
1628         title = self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False)
1629
1630         return {
1631             '_type': 'playlist',
1632             'id': playlist_id,
1633             'title': title,
1634             'entries': entries,
1635         }
1636
1637
1638 class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1639     """
1640     Base class for feed extractors
1641     Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME and _PLAYLIST_TITLE properties.
1642     """
1643     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
1644
1645     @property
1646     def IE_NAME(self):
1647         return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME
1648
1649     def _real_initialize(self):
1650         self._login()
1651
1652     def _real_extract(self, url):
1653         page = self._download_webpage(
1654             'https://www.youtube.com/feed/%s' % self._FEED_NAME, self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
1655
1656         # The extraction process is the same as for playlists, but the regex
1657         # for the video ids doesn't contain an index
1658         ids = []
1659         more_widget_html = content_html = page
1660         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
1661             matches = re.findall(r'href="\s*/watch\?v=([0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})', content_html)
1662
1663             # 'recommended' feed has infinite 'load more' and each new portion spins
1664             # the same videos in (sometimes) slightly different order, so we'll check
1665             # for unicity and break when portion has no new videos
1666             new_ids = filter(lambda video_id: video_id not in ids, orderedSet(matches))
1667             if not new_ids:
1668                 break
1669
1670             ids.extend(new_ids)
1671
1672             mobj = re.search(r'data-uix-load-more-href="/?(?P<more>[^"]+)"', more_widget_html)
1673             if not mobj:
1674                 break
1675
1676             more = self._download_json(
1677                 'https://youtube.com/%s' % mobj.group('more'), self._PLAYLIST_TITLE,
1678                 'Downloading page #%s' % page_num,
1679                 transform_source=uppercase_escape)
1680             content_html = more['content_html']
1681             more_widget_html = more['load_more_widget_html']
1682
1683         return self.playlist_result(
1684             self._ids_to_results(ids), playlist_title=self._PLAYLIST_TITLE)
1685
1686
1687 class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubePlaylistIE):
1688     IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
1689     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
1690     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/(?:feed/watch_later|playlist\?list=WL)|:ytwatchlater'
1691
1692     _TESTS = []  # override PlaylistIE tests
1693
1694     def _real_extract(self, url):
1695         return self._extract_playlist('WL')
1696
1697
1698 class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
1699     IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
1700     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com favourite videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
1701     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/my_favorites|:ytfav(?:ou?rites)?'
1702     _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
1703
1704     def _real_extract(self, url):
1705         webpage = self._download_webpage('https://www.youtube.com/my_favorites', 'Youtube Favourites videos')
1706         playlist_id = self._search_regex(r'list=(.+?)["&]', webpage, 'favourites playlist id')
1707         return self.url_result(playlist_id, 'YoutubePlaylist')
1708
1709
1710 class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1711     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
1712     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/recommended|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
1713     _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
1714     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Recommended videos'
1715
1716
1717 class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1718     IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, "ytsubs" keyword (requires authentication)'
1719     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/subscriptions|:ytsubs(?:criptions)?'
1720     _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
1721     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube Subscriptions'
1722
1723
1724 class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
1725     IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythistory" for short (requires authentication)'
1726     _VALID_URL = 'https?://www\.youtube\.com/feed/history|:ythistory'
1727     _FEED_NAME = 'history'
1728     _PLAYLIST_TITLE = 'Youtube History'
1729
1730
1731 class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
1732     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
1733     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
1734     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
1735         (?:https?://)?
1736         (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
1737         (?:watch\?(?:
1738             feature=[a-z_]+|
1739             annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
1740             x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
1741             hl=[^&]*|
1742         )?
1743         |
1744             attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
1745         )
1746         $
1747     '''
1748
1749     _TESTS = [{
1750         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
1751         'only_matching': True,
1752     }, {
1753         'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?',
1754         'only_matching': True,
1755     }, {
1756         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
1757         'only_matching': True,
1758     }, {
1759         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
1760         'only_matching': True,
1761     }, {
1762         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
1763         'only_matching': True,
1764     }]
1765
1766     def _real_extract(self, url):
1767         raise ExtractorError(
1768             'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
1769             'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
1770             'like  youtube-dl '
1771             '"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
1772             ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
1773             expected=True)
1774
1775
1776 class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
1777     IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
1778     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
1779     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
1780
1781     _TESTS = [{
1782         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
1783         'only_matching': True,
1784     }]
1785
1786     def _real_extract(self, url):
1787         video_id = self._match_id(url)
1788         raise ExtractorError(
1789             'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
1790             expected=True)