Merge pull request #134 from pykler/master

[z_archive/twitter.git] / twitter / api.py

diff --git a/twitter/api.py b/twitter/api.py
index 42ec7274c5d9da5b25950c4a79f5d13d28b38412..8eca0ae591de755ee9c3c2ab9446c0f6981d2ef7 100644 (file)
--- a/twitter/api.py
+++ b/twitter/api.py
@@ -1,96 +1,235 @@
-
-from base64 import b64encode
-from urllib import urlencode
-
-import urllib2
-
-from exceptions import Exception
+try:
+    import urllib.request as urllib_request
+    import urllib.error as urllib_error
+except ImportError:
+    import urllib2 as urllib_request
+    import urllib2 as urllib_error
+
+try:
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+except ImportError:
+    from io import BytesIO as StringIO

 
 from twitter.twitter_globals import POST_ACTIONS
 
 from twitter.twitter_globals import POST_ACTIONS

+from twitter.auth import NoAuth

 
 

-def _py26OrGreater():
-    import sys
-    return sys.hexversion > 0x20600f0
+import re
+import gzip
+import httplib

 
 

-if _py26OrGreater():
+try:

     import json
     import json

-else:
+except ImportError:

     import simplejson as json
 
     import simplejson as json
 

+class _DEFAULT(object):
+    pass
+

 class TwitterError(Exception):
     """
 class TwitterError(Exception):
     """

-    Exception thrown by the Twitter object when there is an
-    error interacting with twitter.com.
+    Base Exception thrown by the Twitter object when there is a
+    general error interacting with the API.

     """
     pass
 
     """
     pass
 

+class TwitterHTTPError(TwitterError):
+    """
+    Exception thrown by the Twitter object when there is an
+    HTTP error interacting with twitter.com.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, e, uri, format, uriparts):
+        self.e = e
+        self.uri = uri
+        self.format = format
+        self.uriparts = uriparts
+        try:
+            data = self.e.fp.read()
+        except httplib.IncompleteRead, e:
+            # can't read the error text
+            # let's try some of it
+            data = e.partial
+        if self.e.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'gzip':
+            buf = StringIO(data)
+            f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf)
+            self.response_data = f.read()
+        else:
+            self.response_data = data
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        fmt = ("." + self.format) if self.format else ""
+        return (
+            "Twitter sent status %i for URL: %s%s using parameters: "
+            "(%s)\ndetails: %s" %(
+                self.e.code, self.uri, fmt, self.uriparts,
+                self.response_data))
+
+class TwitterResponse(object):
+    """
+    Response from a twitter request. Behaves like a list or a string
+    (depending on requested format) but it has a few other interesting
+    attributes.
+
+    `headers` gives you access to the response headers as an
+    httplib.HTTPHeaders instance. You can do
+    `response.headers.get('h')` to retrieve a header.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, headers):
+        self.headers = headers
+
+    @property
+    def rate_limit_remaining(self):
+        """
+        Remaining requests in the current rate-limit.
+        """
+        return int(self.headers.get('X-Rate-Limit-Remaining', "0"))
+
+    @property
+    def rate_limit_limit(self):
+        """
+        The rate limit ceiling for that given request.
+        """
+        return int(self.headers.get('X-Rate-Limit-Limit', "0"))
+
+    @property
+    def rate_limit_reset(self):
+        """
+        Time in UTC epoch seconds when the rate limit will reset.
+        """
+        return int(self.headers.get('X-Rate-Limit-Reset', "0"))
+
+
+def wrap_response(response, headers):
+    response_typ = type(response)
+    if response_typ is bool:
+        # HURF DURF MY NAME IS PYTHON AND I CAN'T SUBCLASS bool.
+        response_typ = int
+
+    class WrappedTwitterResponse(response_typ, TwitterResponse):
+        __doc__ = TwitterResponse.__doc__
+
+        def __init__(self, response, headers):
+            response_typ.__init__(self, response)
+            TwitterResponse.__init__(self, headers)
+        def __new__(cls, response, headers):
+            return response_typ.__new__(cls, response)
+
+
+    return WrappedTwitterResponse(response, headers)
+
+
+

 class TwitterCall(object):
 class TwitterCall(object):

+

     def __init__(
     def __init__(

-        self, username, password, format, domain, uri="", agent=None, encoded_args=None):
-        self.username = username
-        self.password = password
+        self, auth, format, domain, callable_cls, uri="",
+        uriparts=None, secure=True):
+        self.auth = auth

         self.format = format
         self.domain = domain
         self.format = format
         self.domain = domain

+        self.callable_cls = callable_cls

         self.uri = uri
         self.uri = uri

-        self.agent = agent
-        self.encoded_args = encoded_args
+        self.uriparts = uriparts
+        self.secure = secure

 
     def __getattr__(self, k):
         try:
             return object.__getattr__(self, k)
         except AttributeError:
 
     def __getattr__(self, k):
         try:
             return object.__getattr__(self, k)
         except AttributeError:

-            return TwitterCall(
-                self.username, self.password, self.format, self.domain,
-                self.uri + "/" + k, self.agent, self.encoded_args)
+            def extend_call(arg):
+                return self.callable_cls(
+                    auth=self.auth, format=self.format, domain=self.domain,
+                    callable_cls=self.callable_cls, uriparts=self.uriparts \
+                        + (arg,),
+                    secure=self.secure)
+            if k == "_":
+                return extend_call
+            else:
+                return extend_call(k)

 
     def __call__(self, **kwargs):
 
     def __call__(self, **kwargs):

-        uri = self.uri
-        method = "GET"
-        for action in POST_ACTIONS:
-            if self.uri.endswith(action):
-                method = "POST"
-                if (self.agent):
-                    kwargs["source"] = self.agent
-                break
-
-        if (not self.encoded_args):
-            if kwargs.has_key('id'):
-                uri += "/%s" %(kwargs['id'])
-    
-            self.encoded_args = urlencode(kwargs.items())
-
-        argStr = ""
-        argData = None
-        if (method == "GET"):
-            if self.encoded_args:
-                argStr = "?%s" %(self.encoded_args)
-        else:
-            argData = self.encoded_args
-
-        headers = {}
-        if (self.agent):
-            headers["X-Twitter-Client"] = self.agent
-        if (self.username):
-            headers["Authorization"] = "Basic " + b64encode("%s:%s" %(
-                self.username, self.password))
-
-        req = urllib2.Request(
-                "http://%s/%s.%s%s" %(self.domain, uri, self.format, argStr),
-                argData, headers
-            )
+        # Build the uri.
+        uriparts = []
+        for uripart in self.uriparts:
+            # If this part matches a keyword argument, use the
+            # supplied value otherwise, just use the part.
+            uriparts.append(str(kwargs.pop(uripart, uripart)))
+        uri = '/'.join(uriparts)
+
+        method = kwargs.pop('_method', None)
+        if not method:
+            method = "GET"
+            for action in POST_ACTIONS:
+                if re.search("%s(/\d+)?$" % action, uri):
+                    method = "POST"
+                    break
+
+        # If an id kwarg is present and there is no id to fill in in
+        # the list of uriparts, assume the id goes at the end.
+        id = kwargs.pop('id', None)
+        if id:
+            uri += "/%s" %(id)
+
+        # If an _id kwarg is present, this is treated as id as a CGI
+        # param.
+        _id = kwargs.pop('_id', None)
+        if _id:
+            kwargs['id'] = _id
+
+        # If an _timeout is specified in kwargs, use it
+        _timeout = kwargs.pop('_timeout', None)
+
+        secure_str = ''
+        if self.secure:
+            secure_str = 's'
+        dot = ""
+        if self.format:
+            dot = "."
+        uriBase = "http%s://%s/%s%s%s" %(
+                    secure_str, self.domain, uri, dot, self.format)
+
+        headers = {'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'}
+        if self.auth:
+            headers.update(self.auth.generate_headers())
+            arg_data = self.auth.encode_params(uriBase, method, kwargs)
+            if method == 'GET':
+                uriBase += '?' + arg_data
+                body = None
+            else:
+                body = arg_data.encode('utf8')
+
+        req = urllib_request.Request(uriBase, body, headers)
+        return self._handle_response(req, uri, arg_data, _timeout)
+
+    def _handle_response(self, req, uri, arg_data, _timeout=None):
+        kwargs = {}
+        if _timeout:
+            kwargs['timeout'] = _timeout

         try:
         try:

-            handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)
+            handle = urllib_request.urlopen(req, **kwargs)
+            if handle.headers['Content-Type'] in ['image/jpeg', 'image/png']:
+                return handle
+            try:
+                data = handle.read()
+            except httplib.IncompleteRead, e:
+                # Even if we don't get all the bytes we should have there
+                # may be a complete response in e.partial
+                data = e.partial
+            if handle.info().get('Content-Encoding') == 'gzip':
+                # Handle gzip decompression
+                buf = StringIO(data)
+                f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf)
+                data = f.read()

             if "json" == self.format:
             if "json" == self.format:

-                return json.loads(handle.read())
+                res = json.loads(data.decode('utf8'))
+                return wrap_response(res, handle.headers)

             else:
             else:

-                return handle.read()
-        except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
+                return wrap_response(
+                    data.decode('utf8'), handle.headers)
+        except urllib_error.HTTPError as e:

             if (e.code == 304):
                 return []
             else:
             if (e.code == 304):
                 return []
             else:

-                raise TwitterError(
-                    "Twitter sent status %i for URL: %s.%s using parameters: (%s)\ndetails: %s" %(
-                        e.code, uri, self.format, encoded_kwargs, e.fp.read()))
+                raise TwitterHTTPError(e, uri, self.format, arg_data)

 
 class Twitter(TwitterCall):
     """
 
 class Twitter(TwitterCall):
     """


@@ -99,72 +238,128 @@ class Twitter(TwitterCall):
     Get RESTful data by accessing members of this class. The result
     is decoded python objects (lists and dicts).
 
     Get RESTful data by accessing members of this class. The result
     is decoded python objects (lists and dicts).
 

-    The Twitter API is documented here:
+    The Twitter API is documented at:
+
+      http://dev.twitter.com/doc

 
 

-      http://apiwiki.twitter.com/
-      http://groups.google.com/group/twitter-development-talk/web/api-documentation

 
     Examples::
 
 
     Examples::
 

-      twitter = Twitter("hello@foo.com", "password123")
+        t = Twitter(
+            auth=OAuth(token, token_key, con_secret, con_secret_key)))
+
+        # Get your "home" timeline
+        t.statuses.home_timeline()
+
+        # Get a particular friend's timeline
+        t.statuses.friends_timeline(id="billybob")
+
+        # Also supported (but totally weird)
+        t.statuses.friends_timeline.billybob()
+
+        # Update your status
+        t.statuses.update(
+            status="Using @sixohsix's sweet Python Twitter Tools.")

 
 

-      # Get the public timeline
-      twitter.statuses.public_timeline()
+        # Send a direct message
+        t.direct_messages.new(
+            user="billybob",
+            text="I think yer swell!")

 
 

-      # Get a particular friend's timeline
-      twitter.statuses.friends_timeline(id="billybob")
+        # Get the members of tamtar's list "Things That Are Rad"
+        t._("tamtar")._("things-that-are-rad").members()
+
+        # Note how the magic `_` method can be used to insert data
+        # into the middle of a call. You can also use replacement:
+        t.user.list.members(user="tamtar", list="things-that-are-rad")
+
+        # An *optional* `_timeout` parameter can also be used for API
+        # calls which take much more time than normal or twitter stops
+        # responding for some reasone
+        t.users.lookup(
+            screen_name=','.join(A_LIST_OF_100_SCREEN_NAMES), \
+            _timeout=1)

 
 

-      # Also supported (but totally weird)
-      twitter.statuses.friends_timeline.billybob()

 
 

-      # Send a direct message
-      twitter.direct_messages.new(
-          user="billybob",
-          text="I think yer swell!")

 
     Searching Twitter::
 
 
     Searching Twitter::
 

-      twitter_search = Twitter(domain="search.twitter.com")
+        # Search for the latest tweets about #pycon
+        t.search.tweets(q="#pycon")

 
 

-      # Find the latest search trends
-      twitter_search.trends()

 
 

-      # Search for the latest News on #gaza
-      twitter_search.search(q="#gaza")
+    Using the data returned
+    -----------------------

 
 

-    Using the data returned::
+    Twitter API calls return decoded JSON. This is converted into
+    a bunch of Python lists, dicts, ints, and strings. For example::

 
 

-      Twitter API calls return decoded JSON. This is converted into
-      a bunch of Python lists, dicts, ints, and strings. For example,
+        x = twitter.statuses.home_timeline()

 
 

-      x = twitter.statuses.public_timeline()
+        # The first 'tweet' in the timeline
+        x[0]

 
 

-      # The first 'tweet' in the timeline
-      x[0]
+        # The screen name of the user who wrote the first 'tweet'
+        x[0]['user']['screen_name']

 
 

-      # The screen name of the user who wrote the first 'tweet'
-      x[0]['user']['screen_name']

 
 

-    Getting raw XML data::
+    Getting raw XML data
+    --------------------

 
 

-      If you prefer to get your Twitter data in XML format, pass
-      format="xml" to the Twitter object when you instantiate it:
+    If you prefer to get your Twitter data in XML format, pass
+    format="xml" to the Twitter object when you instantiate it::

 
 

-      twitter = Twitter(format="xml")
+        twitter = Twitter(format="xml")
+
+    The output will not be parsed in any way. It will be a raw string
+    of XML.

 
 

-      The output will not be parsed in any way. It will be a raw string
-      of XML.

     """
     def __init__(
     """
     def __init__(

-        self, email=None, password=None, format="json", domain="twitter.com",
-        agent=None):
+        self, format="json",
+        domain="api.twitter.com", secure=True, auth=None,
+        api_version=_DEFAULT):

         """
         """

-        Create a new twitter API connector using the specified
-        credentials (email and password). Format specifies the output
-        format ("json" (default) or "xml").
+        Create a new twitter API connector.
+
+        Pass an `auth` parameter to use the credentials of a specific
+        user. Generally you'll want to pass an `OAuth`
+        instance::
+
+            twitter = Twitter(auth=OAuth(
+                    token, token_secret, consumer_key, consumer_secret))
+
+
+        `domain` lets you change the domain you are connecting. By
+        default it's `api.twitter.com` but `search.twitter.com` may be
+        useful too.
+
+        If `secure` is False you will connect with HTTP instead of
+        HTTPS.
+
+        `api_version` is used to set the base uri. By default it's
+        '1'. If you are using "search.twitter.com" set this to None.

         """
         """

-        if (format not in ("json", "xml")):
-            raise TwitterError("Unknown data format '%s'" %(format))
-        TwitterCall.__init__(self, email, password, format, domain, "", agent)
+        if not auth:
+            auth = NoAuth()
+
+        if (format not in ("json", "xml", "")):
+            raise ValueError("Unknown data format '%s'" %(format))
+
+        if api_version is _DEFAULT:
+            if domain == 'api.twitter.com':
+                api_version = '1.1'
+            else:
+                api_version = None
+
+        uriparts = ()
+        if api_version:
+            uriparts += (str(api_version),)
+
+        TwitterCall.__init__(
+            self, auth=auth, format=format, domain=domain,
+            callable_cls=TwitterCall,
+            secure=secure, uriparts=uriparts)
+

 
 

-__all__ = ["Twitter", "TwitterError"]
+__all__ = ["Twitter", "TwitterError", "TwitterHTTPError", "TwitterResponse"]