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1 | try: | |
2 | import urllib.request as urllib_request | |
3 | import urllib.error as urllib_error | |
4 | except ImportError: | |
5 | import urllib2 as urllib_request | |
6 | import urllib2 as urllib_error | |
7 | ||
8 | try: | |
9 | from cStringIO import StringIO | |
10 | except ImportError: | |
11 | from io import BytesIO as StringIO | |
12 | ||
13 | from twitter.twitter_globals import POST_ACTIONS | |
14 | from twitter.auth import NoAuth | |
15 | ||
16 | import re | |
17 | import gzip | |
18 | ||
19 | try: | |
20 | import http.client as http_client | |
21 | except ImportError: | |
22 | import httplib as http_client | |
23 | ||
24 | try: | |
25 | import json | |
26 | except ImportError: | |
27 | import simplejson as json | |
28 | ||
29 | ||
30 | class _DEFAULT(object): | |
31 | pass | |
32 | ||
33 | class TwitterError(Exception): | |
34 | """ | |
35 | Base Exception thrown by the Twitter object when there is a | |
36 | general error interacting with the API. | |
37 | """ | |
38 | pass | |
39 | ||
40 | class TwitterHTTPError(TwitterError): | |
41 | """ | |
42 | Exception thrown by the Twitter object when there is an | |
43 | HTTP error interacting with twitter.com. | |
44 | """ | |
45 | def __init__(self, e, uri, format, uriparts): | |
46 | self.e = e | |
47 | self.uri = uri | |
48 | self.format = format | |
49 | self.uriparts = uriparts | |
50 | try: | |
51 | data = self.e.fp.read() | |
52 | except http_client.IncompleteRead as e: | |
53 | # can't read the error text | |
54 | # let's try some of it | |
55 | data = e.partial | |
56 | if self.e.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'gzip': | |
57 | buf = StringIO(data) | |
58 | f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf) | |
59 | self.response_data = f.read() | |
60 | else: | |
61 | self.response_data = data | |
62 | ||
63 | def __str__(self): | |
64 | fmt = ("." + self.format) if self.format else "" | |
65 | return ( | |
66 | "Twitter sent status %i for URL: %s%s using parameters: " | |
67 | "(%s)\ndetails: %s" %( | |
68 | self.e.code, self.uri, fmt, self.uriparts, | |
69 | self.response_data)) | |
70 | ||
71 | class TwitterResponse(object): | |
72 | """ | |
73 | Response from a twitter request. Behaves like a list or a string | |
74 | (depending on requested format) but it has a few other interesting | |
75 | attributes. | |
76 | ||
77 | `headers` gives you access to the response headers as an | |
78 | httplib.HTTPHeaders instance. You can do | |
79 | `response.headers.get('h')` to retrieve a header. | |
80 | """ | |
81 | def __init__(self, headers): | |
82 | self.headers = headers | |
83 | ||
84 | @property | |
85 | def rate_limit_remaining(self): | |
86 | """ | |
87 | Remaining requests in the current rate-limit. | |
88 | """ | |
89 | return int(self.headers.get('X-Rate-Limit-Remaining', "0")) | |
90 | ||
91 | @property | |
92 | def rate_limit_limit(self): | |
93 | """ | |
94 | The rate limit ceiling for that given request. | |
95 | """ | |
96 | return int(self.headers.get('X-Rate-Limit-Limit', "0")) | |
97 | ||
98 | @property | |
99 | def rate_limit_reset(self): | |
100 | """ | |
101 | Time in UTC epoch seconds when the rate limit will reset. | |
102 | """ | |
103 | return int(self.headers.get('X-Rate-Limit-Reset', "0")) | |
104 | ||
105 | ||
106 | def wrap_response(response, headers): | |
107 | response_typ = type(response) | |
108 | if response_typ is bool: | |
109 | # HURF DURF MY NAME IS PYTHON AND I CAN'T SUBCLASS bool. | |
110 | response_typ = int | |
111 | ||
112 | class WrappedTwitterResponse(response_typ, TwitterResponse): | |
113 | __doc__ = TwitterResponse.__doc__ | |
114 | ||
115 | def __init__(self, response, headers): | |
116 | response_typ.__init__(self, response) | |
117 | TwitterResponse.__init__(self, headers) | |
118 | def __new__(cls, response, headers): | |
119 | return response_typ.__new__(cls, response) | |
120 | ||
121 | ||
122 | return WrappedTwitterResponse(response, headers) | |
123 | ||
124 | ||
125 | ||
126 | class TwitterCall(object): | |
127 | ||
128 | def __init__( | |
129 | self, auth, format, domain, callable_cls, uri="", | |
130 | uriparts=None, secure=True): | |
131 | self.auth = auth | |
132 | self.format = format | |
133 | self.domain = domain | |
134 | self.callable_cls = callable_cls | |
135 | self.uri = uri | |
136 | self.uriparts = uriparts | |
137 | self.secure = secure | |
138 | ||
139 | def __getattr__(self, k): | |
140 | try: | |
141 | return object.__getattr__(self, k) | |
142 | except AttributeError: | |
143 | def extend_call(arg): | |
144 | return self.callable_cls( | |
145 | auth=self.auth, format=self.format, domain=self.domain, | |
146 | callable_cls=self.callable_cls, uriparts=self.uriparts \ | |
147 | + (arg,), | |
148 | secure=self.secure) | |
149 | if k == "_": | |
150 | return extend_call | |
151 | else: | |
152 | return extend_call(k) | |
153 | ||
154 | def __call__(self, **kwargs): | |
155 | # Build the uri. | |
156 | uriparts = [] | |
157 | for uripart in self.uriparts: | |
158 | # If this part matches a keyword argument, use the | |
159 | # supplied value otherwise, just use the part. | |
160 | uriparts.append(str(kwargs.pop(uripart, uripart))) | |
161 | uri = '/'.join(uriparts) | |
162 | ||
163 | method = kwargs.pop('_method', None) | |
164 | if not method: | |
165 | method = "GET" | |
166 | for action in POST_ACTIONS: | |
167 | if re.search("%s(/\d+)?$" % action, uri): | |
168 | method = "POST" | |
169 | break | |
170 | ||
171 | # If an id kwarg is present and there is no id to fill in in | |
172 | # the list of uriparts, assume the id goes at the end. | |
173 | id = kwargs.pop('id', None) | |
174 | if id: | |
175 | uri += "/%s" %(id) | |
176 | ||
177 | # If an _id kwarg is present, this is treated as id as a CGI | |
178 | # param. | |
179 | _id = kwargs.pop('_id', None) | |
180 | if _id: | |
181 | kwargs['id'] = _id | |
182 | ||
183 | # If an _timeout is specified in kwargs, use it | |
184 | _timeout = kwargs.pop('_timeout', None) | |
185 | ||
186 | secure_str = '' | |
187 | if self.secure: | |
188 | secure_str = 's' | |
189 | dot = "" | |
190 | if self.format: | |
191 | dot = "." | |
192 | uriBase = "http%s://%s/%s%s%s" %( | |
193 | secure_str, self.domain, uri, dot, self.format) | |
194 | ||
195 | headers = {'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'} | |
196 | if self.auth: | |
197 | headers.update(self.auth.generate_headers()) | |
198 | arg_data = self.auth.encode_params(uriBase, method, kwargs) | |
199 | if method == 'GET': | |
200 | uriBase += '?' + arg_data | |
201 | body = None | |
202 | else: | |
203 | body = arg_data.encode('utf8') | |
204 | ||
205 | req = urllib_request.Request(uriBase, body, headers) | |
206 | return self._handle_response(req, uri, arg_data, _timeout) | |
207 | ||
208 | def _handle_response(self, req, uri, arg_data, _timeout=None): | |
209 | kwargs = {} | |
210 | if _timeout: | |
211 | kwargs['timeout'] = _timeout | |
212 | try: | |
213 | handle = urllib_request.urlopen(req, **kwargs) | |
214 | if handle.headers['Content-Type'] in ['image/jpeg', 'image/png']: | |
215 | return handle | |
216 | try: | |
217 | data = handle.read() | |
218 | except http_client.IncompleteRead as e: | |
219 | # Even if we don't get all the bytes we should have there | |
220 | # may be a complete response in e.partial | |
221 | data = e.partial | |
222 | if handle.info().get('Content-Encoding') == 'gzip': | |
223 | # Handle gzip decompression | |
224 | buf = StringIO(data) | |
225 | f = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf) | |
226 | data = f.read() | |
227 | if "json" == self.format: | |
228 | res = json.loads(data.decode('utf8')) | |
229 | return wrap_response(res, handle.headers) | |
230 | else: | |
231 | return wrap_response( | |
232 | data.decode('utf8'), handle.headers) | |
233 | except urllib_error.HTTPError as e: | |
234 | if (e.code == 304): | |
235 | return [] | |
236 | else: | |
237 | raise TwitterHTTPError(e, uri, self.format, arg_data) | |
238 | ||
239 | class Twitter(TwitterCall): | |
240 | """ | |
241 | The minimalist yet fully featured Twitter API class. | |
242 | ||
243 | Get RESTful data by accessing members of this class. The result | |
244 | is decoded python objects (lists and dicts). | |
245 | ||
246 | The Twitter API is documented at: | |
247 | ||
248 | http://dev.twitter.com/doc | |
249 | ||
250 | ||
251 | Examples:: | |
252 | ||
253 | t = Twitter( | |
254 | auth=OAuth(token, token_key, con_secret, con_secret_key))) | |
255 | ||
256 | # Get your "home" timeline | |
257 | t.statuses.home_timeline() | |
258 | ||
259 | # Get a particular friend's timeline | |
260 | t.statuses.friends_timeline(id="billybob") | |
261 | ||
262 | # Also supported (but totally weird) | |
263 | t.statuses.friends_timeline.billybob() | |
264 | ||
265 | # Update your status | |
266 | t.statuses.update( | |
267 | status="Using @sixohsix's sweet Python Twitter Tools.") | |
268 | ||
269 | # Send a direct message | |
270 | t.direct_messages.new( | |
271 | user="billybob", | |
272 | text="I think yer swell!") | |
273 | ||
274 | # Get the members of tamtar's list "Things That Are Rad" | |
275 | t._("tamtar")._("things-that-are-rad").members() | |
276 | ||
277 | # Note how the magic `_` method can be used to insert data | |
278 | # into the middle of a call. You can also use replacement: | |
279 | t.user.list.members(user="tamtar", list="things-that-are-rad") | |
280 | ||
281 | # An *optional* `_timeout` parameter can also be used for API | |
282 | # calls which take much more time than normal or twitter stops | |
283 | # responding for some reasone | |
284 | t.users.lookup( | |
285 | screen_name=','.join(A_LIST_OF_100_SCREEN_NAMES), \ | |
286 | _timeout=1) | |
287 | ||
288 | ||
289 | ||
290 | Searching Twitter:: | |
291 | ||
292 | # Search for the latest tweets about #pycon | |
293 | t.search.tweets(q="#pycon") | |
294 | ||
295 | ||
296 | Using the data returned | |
297 | ----------------------- | |
298 | ||
299 | Twitter API calls return decoded JSON. This is converted into | |
300 | a bunch of Python lists, dicts, ints, and strings. For example:: | |
301 | ||
302 | x = twitter.statuses.home_timeline() | |
303 | ||
304 | # The first 'tweet' in the timeline | |
305 | x[0] | |
306 | ||
307 | # The screen name of the user who wrote the first 'tweet' | |
308 | x[0]['user']['screen_name'] | |
309 | ||
310 | ||
311 | Getting raw XML data | |
312 | -------------------- | |
313 | ||
314 | If you prefer to get your Twitter data in XML format, pass | |
315 | format="xml" to the Twitter object when you instantiate it:: | |
316 | ||
317 | twitter = Twitter(format="xml") | |
318 | ||
319 | The output will not be parsed in any way. It will be a raw string | |
320 | of XML. | |
321 | ||
322 | """ | |
323 | def __init__( | |
324 | self, format="json", | |
325 | domain="api.twitter.com", secure=True, auth=None, | |
326 | api_version=_DEFAULT): | |
327 | """ | |
328 | Create a new twitter API connector. | |
329 | ||
330 | Pass an `auth` parameter to use the credentials of a specific | |
331 | user. Generally you'll want to pass an `OAuth` | |
332 | instance:: | |
333 | ||
334 | twitter = Twitter(auth=OAuth( | |
335 | token, token_secret, consumer_key, consumer_secret)) | |
336 | ||
337 | ||
338 | `domain` lets you change the domain you are connecting. By | |
339 | default it's `api.twitter.com` but `search.twitter.com` may be | |
340 | useful too. | |
341 | ||
342 | If `secure` is False you will connect with HTTP instead of | |
343 | HTTPS. | |
344 | ||
345 | `api_version` is used to set the base uri. By default it's | |
346 | '1'. If you are using "search.twitter.com" set this to None. | |
347 | """ | |
348 | if not auth: | |
349 | auth = NoAuth() | |
350 | ||
351 | if (format not in ("json", "xml", "")): | |
352 | raise ValueError("Unknown data format '%s'" %(format)) | |
353 | ||
354 | if api_version is _DEFAULT: | |
355 | if domain == 'api.twitter.com': | |
356 | api_version = '1.1' | |
357 | else: | |
358 | api_version = None | |
359 | ||
360 | uriparts = () | |
361 | if api_version: | |
362 | uriparts += (str(api_version),) | |
363 | ||
364 | TwitterCall.__init__( | |
365 | self, auth=auth, format=format, domain=domain, | |
366 | callable_cls=TwitterCall, | |
367 | secure=secure, uriparts=uriparts) | |
368 | ||
369 | ||
370 | __all__ = ["Twitter", "TwitterError", "TwitterHTTPError", "TwitterResponse"] |