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<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 2.1.3</h1></td>
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<a href="http://codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
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Security
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<h1>Security</h1>

<p>This page describes some "best practices" regarding web security, and details
CodeIgniter's internal security features.</p>


<h2>URI Security</h2>

<p>CodeIgniter is fairly restrictive regarding which characters it allows in your URI strings in order to help
minimize the possibility that malicious data can be passed to your application.  URIs may only contain the following:
</p>

<ul>
<li>Alpha-numeric text</li>
<li>Tilde: ~ </li>
<li>Period: .</li>
<li>Colon: :</li>
<li>Underscore: _</li>
<li>Dash: -</li>
</ul>

<h2>Register_globals</h2>

<p>During system initialization all global variables are unset, except those found in the $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIE arrays. The unsetting
routine is effectively the same as register_globals = off.</p>

<a name="error_reporting"></a>
<h2>error_reporting</h2>

<p>
    In production environments, it is typically desirable to disable PHP's 
    error reporting by setting the internal error_reporting flag to a value of 0. This disables native PHP
    errors from being rendered as output, which may potentially contain
    sensitive information.
</p>

<p>
    Setting CodeIgniter's <kbd>ENVIRONMENT</kbd> constant in index.php to a
    value of '<kbd>production</kbd>' will turn off these errors. In development
    mode, it is recommended that a value of '<kbd>development</kbd>' is used.
    More information about differentiating between environments can be found
    on the <a href="environments.html">Handling Environments</a> page.
</p>

<h2>magic_quotes_runtime</h2>

<p>The magic_quotes_runtime directive is turned off during system initialization so that you don't have to remove slashes when
retrieving data from your database.</p>

<h1>Best Practices</h1>

<p>Before accepting any data into your application, whether it be POST data from a form submission, COOKIE data, URI data,
XML-RPC data, or even data from the SERVER array, you are encouraged to practice this three step approach:</p>

<ol>
<li>Filter the data as if it were tainted.</li>
<li>Validate the data to ensure it conforms to the correct  type, length, size, etc. (sometimes this step can replace step one)</li>
<li>Escape the data before submitting it into your database.</li>
</ol>

<p>CodeIgniter provides the following functions to assist in this process:</p>

<ul>

<li><h2>XSS Filtering</h2>

<p>CodeIgniter comes with a Cross Site Scripting filter.  This filter looks for commonly
used techniques to embed malicious Javascript into your data, or other types of code that attempt to hijack cookies
or do other malicious things. The XSS Filter is described <a href="../libraries/security.html">here</a>.
</p>
</li>

<li><h2>Validate the data</h2>

<p>CodeIgniter has a <a href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation Class</a> that assists you in validating, filtering, and prepping
your data.</p>
</li>

<li><h2>Escape all data before database insertion</h2>

<p>Never insert information into your database without escaping it. Please see the section that discusses
<a href="../database/queries.html">queries</a> for more information.</p>

</li>

</ul>


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Commit	Line	Data
59c06b17 CS	1	<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
	2	<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
	3	<head>
	4
	5	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
	6	<title>Security : CodeIgniter User Guide</title>
	7
	8	<style type='text/css' media='all'>@import url('../userguide.css');</style>
	9	<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' media='all' href='../userguide.css' />
	10
	11	<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/nav.js"></script>
	12	<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/prototype.lite.js"></script>
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	14	<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/user_guide_menu.js"></script>
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	17	<meta http-equiv= 'pragma' content='no-cache' />
	18	<meta name='robots' content='all' />
	19	<meta name='author' content='ExpressionEngine Dev Team' />
	20	<meta name='description' content='CodeIgniter User Guide' />
	21
	22	</head>
	23	<body>
	24
	25	<!-- START NAVIGATION -->
	26	<div id="nav"><div id="nav_inner"><script type="text/javascript">create_menu('../');</script></div></div>
	27	<div id="nav2"><a name="top"></a><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="myHeight.toggle();"><img src="../images/nav_toggle_darker.jpg" width="154" height="43" border="0" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" /></a></div>
	28	<div id="masthead">
	29	<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
	30	<tr>
	31	<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 2.1.3</h1></td>
	32	<td id="breadcrumb_right"><a href="../toc.html">Table of Contents Page</a></td>
	33	</tr>
	34	</table>
	35	</div>
	36	<!-- END NAVIGATION -->
	37
	38
	39	<!-- START BREADCRUMB -->
	40	<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
	41	<tr>
	42	<td id="breadcrumb">
	43	<a href="http://codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a>  ›
	44	<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a>  ›
	45	Security
	46	</td>
	47	<td id="searchbox"><form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search"><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" id="as_sitesearch" value="codeigniter.com/user_guide/" />Search User Guide  <input type="text" class="input" style="width:200px;" name="q" id="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="" /> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="sa" value="Go" /></form></td>
	48	</tr>
	49	</table>
	50	<!-- END BREADCRUMB -->
	51
	52	<br clear="all" />
	53
	54
	55	<!-- START CONTENT -->
	56	<div id="content">
	57
	58	<h1>Security</h1>
	59
	60	<p>This page describes some "best practices" regarding web security, and details
	61	CodeIgniter's internal security features.</p>
	62
	63
	64	<h2>URI Security</h2>
65
66	<p>CodeIgniter is fairly restrictive regarding which characters it allows in your URI strings in order to help
67	minimize the possibility that malicious data can be passed to your application. URIs may only contain the following:
68	</p>
69
70	<ul>
71	<li>Alpha-numeric text</li>
72	<li>Tilde: ~ </li>
73	<li>Period: .</li>
74	<li>Colon: :</li>
75	<li>Underscore: _</li>
76	<li>Dash: -</li>
77	</ul>
78
79	<h2>Register_globals</h2>
80
81	<p>During system initialization all global variables are unset, except those found in the $_GET, $_POST, and $_COOKIE arrays. The unsetting
82	routine is effectively the same as register_globals = off.</p>
83
84	<a name="error_reporting"></a>
85	<h2>error_reporting</h2>
86
87	<p>
88	In production environments, it is typically desirable to disable PHP's
89	error reporting by setting the internal error_reporting flag to a value of 0. This disables native PHP
90	errors from being rendered as output, which may potentially contain
91	sensitive information.
92	</p>
93
94	<p>
95	Setting CodeIgniter's <kbd>ENVIRONMENT</kbd> constant in index.php to a
96	value of '<kbd>production</kbd>' will turn off these errors. In development
97	mode, it is recommended that a value of '<kbd>development</kbd>' is used.
98	More information about differentiating between environments can be found
99	on the <a href="environments.html">Handling Environments</a> page.
100	</p>
101
102	<h2>magic_quotes_runtime</h2>
103
104	<p>The magic_quotes_runtime directive is turned off during system initialization so that you don't have to remove slashes when
105	retrieving data from your database.</p>
106
107	<h1>Best Practices</h1>
108
109	<p>Before accepting any data into your application, whether it be POST data from a form submission, COOKIE data, URI data,
110	XML-RPC data, or even data from the SERVER array, you are encouraged to practice this three step approach:</p>
111
112	<ol>
113	<li>Filter the data as if it were tainted.</li>
114	<li>Validate the data to ensure it conforms to the correct type, length, size, etc. (sometimes this step can replace step one)</li>
115	<li>Escape the data before submitting it into your database.</li>
116	</ol>
117
118	<p>CodeIgniter provides the following functions to assist in this process:</p>
119
120	<ul>
121
122	<li><h2>XSS Filtering</h2>
123
124	<p>CodeIgniter comes with a Cross Site Scripting filter. This filter looks for commonly
125	used techniques to embed malicious Javascript into your data, or other types of code that attempt to hijack cookies
126	or do other malicious things. The XSS Filter is described <a href="../libraries/security.html">here</a>.
127	</p>
128	</li>
129
130	<li><h2>Validate the data</h2>
131
132	<p>CodeIgniter has a <a href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation Class</a> that assists you in validating, filtering, and prepping
133	your data.</p>
134	</li>
135
136	<li><h2>Escape all data before database insertion</h2>
137
138	<p>Never insert information into your database without escaping it. Please see the section that discusses
139	<a href="../database/queries.html">queries</a> for more information.</p>
140
141	</li>
142
143	</ul>
144
145
146
147
148	</div>
149	<!-- END CONTENT -->
150
151
152	<div id="footer">
153	<p>
154	Previous Topic:  <a href="alternative_php.html">Alternative PHP</a>
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157	<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a>   ·
158	Next Topic:  <a href="styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a>
159	</p>
160	<p><a href="http://codeigniter.com">CodeIgniter</a>  ·  Copyright © 2006 - 2012  ·  <a href="http://ellislab.com/">EllisLab, Inc.</a></p>
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