[youtube:search] Support hashtag entries (#3265)

[yt-dlp.git] / yt_dlp / extractor / youtube.py

# coding: utf-8

from __future__ import unicode_literals

import calendar
import copy
import datetime
import functools
import hashlib
import itertools
import json
import math
import os.path
import random
import re
import sys
import time
import traceback
import threading

from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
from ..compat import (
    compat_chr,
    compat_HTTPError,
    compat_parse_qs,
    compat_str,
    compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
    compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
    compat_urlparse,
)
from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
from ..utils import (
    bug_reports_message,
    clean_html,
    datetime_from_str,
    dict_get,
    error_to_compat_str,
    ExtractorError,
    float_or_none,
    format_field,
    get_first,
    int_or_none,
    is_html,
    join_nonempty,
    js_to_json,
    mimetype2ext,
    network_exceptions,
    NO_DEFAULT,
    orderedSet,
    parse_codecs,
    parse_count,
    parse_duration,
    parse_iso8601,
    parse_qs,
    qualities,
    remove_end,
    remove_start,
    smuggle_url,
    str_or_none,
    str_to_int,
    strftime_or_none,
    traverse_obj,
    try_get,
    unescapeHTML,
    unified_strdate,
    unified_timestamp,
    unsmuggle_url,
    update_url_query,
    url_or_none,
    urljoin,
    variadic,
)


# any clients starting with _ cannot be explicity requested by the user
INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
    'web': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'WEB',
                'clientVersion': '2.20211221.00.00',
            }
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1
    },
    'web_embedded': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
                'clientVersion': '1.20211215.00.01',
            },
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 56
    },
    'web_music': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyC9XL3ZjWddXya6X74dJoCTL-WEYFDNX30',
        'INNERTUBE_HOST': 'music.youtube.com',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'WEB_REMIX',
                'clientVersion': '1.20211213.00.00',
            }
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 67,
    },
    'web_creator': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyBUPetSUmoZL-OhlxA7wSac5XinrygCqMo',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'WEB_CREATOR',
                'clientVersion': '1.20211220.02.00',
            }
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 62,
    },
    'android': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyA8eiZmM1FaDVjRy-df2KTyQ_vz_yYM39w',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'ANDROID',
                'clientVersion': '16.49',
            }
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3,
        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
    },
    'android_embedded': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyCjc_pVEDi4qsv5MtC2dMXzpIaDoRFLsxw',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
                'clientVersion': '16.49',
            },
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 55,
        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
    },
    'android_music': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAOghZGza2MQSZkY_zfZ370N-PUdXEo8AI',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
                'clientVersion': '4.57',
            }
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 21,
        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
    },
    'android_creator': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyD_qjV8zaaUMehtLkrKFgVeSX_Iqbtyws8',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'ANDROID_CREATOR',
                'clientVersion': '21.47',
            },
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 14,
        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
    },
    # iOS clients have HLS live streams. Setting device model to get 60fps formats.
    # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/680#issuecomment-1002724558
    'ios': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyB-63vPrdThhKuerbB2N_l7Kwwcxj6yUAc',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'IOS',
                'clientVersion': '16.46',
                'deviceModel': 'iPhone14,3',
            }
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5,
        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
    },
    'ios_embedded': {
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'IOS_MESSAGES_EXTENSION',
                'clientVersion': '16.46',
                'deviceModel': 'iPhone14,3',
            },
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 66,
        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
    },
    'ios_music': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyBAETezhkwP0ZWA02RsqT1zu78Fpt0bC_s',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'IOS_MUSIC',
                'clientVersion': '4.57',
            },
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 26,
        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
    },
    'ios_creator': {
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'IOS_CREATOR',
                'clientVersion': '21.47',
            },
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 15,
        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False
    },
    # mweb has 'ultralow' formats
    # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/557
    'mweb': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'MWEB',
                'clientVersion': '2.20211221.01.00',
            }
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 2
    },
    # This client can access age restricted videos (unless the uploader has disabled the 'allow embedding' option)
    # See: https://github.com/zerodytrash/YouTube-Internal-Clients
    'tv_embedded': {
        'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
            'client': {
                'clientName': 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
                'clientVersion': '2.0',
            },
        },
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 85
    },
}


def _split_innertube_client(client_name):
    variant, *base = client_name.rsplit('.', 1)
    if base:
        return variant, base[0], variant
    base, *variant = client_name.split('_', 1)
    return client_name, base, variant[0] if variant else None


def build_innertube_clients():
    THIRD_PARTY = {
        'embedUrl': 'https://www.youtube.com/',  # Can be any valid URL
    }
    BASE_CLIENTS = ('android', 'web', 'tv', 'ios', 'mweb')
    priority = qualities(BASE_CLIENTS[::-1])

    for client, ytcfg in tuple(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS.items()):
        ytcfg.setdefault('INNERTUBE_API_KEY', 'AIzaSyDCU8hByM-4DrUqRUYnGn-3llEO78bcxq8')
        ytcfg.setdefault('INNERTUBE_HOST', 'www.youtube.com')
        ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER', True)
        ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client'].setdefault('hl', 'en')

        _, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(client)
        ytcfg['priority'] = 10 * priority(base_client)

        if not variant:
            INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[f'{client}_embedscreen'] = embedscreen = copy.deepcopy(ytcfg)
            embedscreen['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientScreen'] = 'EMBED'
            embedscreen['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['thirdParty'] = THIRD_PARTY
            embedscreen['priority'] -= 3
        elif variant == 'embedded':
            ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['thirdParty'] = THIRD_PARTY
            ytcfg['priority'] -= 2
        else:
            ytcfg['priority'] -= 3


build_innertube_clients()


class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
    """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""

    _RESERVED_NAMES = (
        r'channel|c|user|playlist|watch|w|v|embed|e|watch_popup|clip|'
        r'shorts|movies|results|search|shared|hashtag|trending|explore|feed|feeds|'
        r'browse|oembed|get_video_info|iframe_api|s/player|'
        r'storefront|oops|index|account|reporthistory|t/terms|about|upload|signin|logout')

    _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}|RDMM|WL|LL|LM)'

    # _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'

    # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False

    _INVIDIOUS_SITES = (
        # invidious-redirect websites
        r'(?:www\.)?redirect\.invidious\.io',
        r'(?:(?:www|dev)\.)?invidio\.us',
        # Invidious instances taken from https://github.com/iv-org/documentation/blob/master/Invidious-Instances.md
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.pussthecat\.org',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zee\.li',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ethibox\.fr',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.3o7z6yfxhbw7n3za4rss6l434kmv55cgw2vuziwuigpwegswvwzqipyd\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?osbivz6guyeahrwp2lnwyjk2xos342h4ocsxyqrlaopqjuhwn2djiiyd\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?u2cvlit75owumwpy4dj2hsmvkq7nvrclkpht7xgyye2pyoxhpmclkrad\.onion',
        # youtube-dl invidious instances list
        r'(?:(?:www|no)\.)?invidiou\.sh',
        r'(?:(?:www|fi)\.)?invidious\.snopyta\.org',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.kabi\.tk',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.mastodon\.host',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zapashcanon\.fr',
        r'(?:www\.)?(?:invidious(?:-us)?|piped)\.kavin\.rocks',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tinfoil-hat\.net',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.himiko\.cloud',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.reallyancient\.tech',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tube',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidiou\.site',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.site',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.xyz',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.nixnet\.xyz',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.048596\.xyz',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.drycat\.fr',
        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.skyn3t\.in',
        r'(?:www\.)?tube\.poal\.co',
        r'(?:www\.)?tube\.connect\.cafe',
        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.wxzm\.sx',
        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.mint\.lgbt',
        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.puffyan\.us',
        r'(?:www\.)?yewtu\.be',
        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.elukerio\.org',
        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.lelux\.fi',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ggc-project\.de',
        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.maisputain\.ovh',
        r'(?:www\.)?ytprivate\.com',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.toot\.koeln',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.fdn\.fr',
        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.nettohikari\.com',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.namazso\.eu',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.silkky\.cloud',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.exonip\.de',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.riverside\.rocks',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.blamefran\.net',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.moomoo\.de',
        r'(?:www\.)?ytb\.trom\.tf',
        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.cyberhost\.uk',
        r'(?:www\.)?kgg2m7yk5aybusll\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?qklhadlycap4cnod\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?axqzx4s6s54s32yentfqojs3x5i7faxza6xo3ehd4bzzsg2ii4fv2iid\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?c7hqkpkpemu6e7emz5b4vyz7idjgdvgaaa3dyimmeojqbgpea3xqjoid\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?fz253lmuao3strwbfbmx46yu7acac2jz27iwtorgmbqlkurlclmancad\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.l4qlywnpwqsluw65ts7md3khrivpirse744un3x7mlskqauz5pyuzgqd\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?owxfohz4kjyv25fvlqilyxast7inivgiktls3th44jhk3ej3i7ya\.b32\.i2p',
        r'(?:www\.)?4l2dgddgsrkf2ous66i6seeyi6etzfgrue332grh2n7madpwopotugyd\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?w6ijuptxiku4xpnnaetxvnkc5vqcdu7mgns2u77qefoixi63vbvnpnqd\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?kbjggqkzv65ivcqj6bumvp337z6264huv5kpkwuv6gu5yjiskvan7fad\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?grwp24hodrefzvjjuccrkw3mjq4tzhaaq32amf33dzpmuxe7ilepcmad\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?hpniueoejy4opn7bc4ftgazyqjoeqwlvh2uiku2xqku6zpoa4bf5ruid\.onion',
    )

    def _initialize_consent(self):
        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
        if cookies.get('__Secure-3PSID'):
            return
        consent_id = None
        consent = cookies.get('CONSENT')
        if consent:
            if 'YES' in consent.value:
                return
            consent_id = self._search_regex(
                r'PENDING\+(\d+)', consent.value, 'consent', default=None)
        if not consent_id:
            consent_id = random.randint(100, 999)
        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', 'CONSENT', 'YES+cb.20210328-17-p0.en+FX+%s' % consent_id)

    def _initialize_pref(self):
        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
        pref_cookie = cookies.get('PREF')
        pref = {}
        if pref_cookie:
            try:
                pref = dict(compat_urlparse.parse_qsl(pref_cookie.value))
            except ValueError:
                self.report_warning('Failed to parse user PREF cookie' + bug_reports_message())
        pref.update({'hl': 'en', 'tz': 'UTC'})
        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', name='PREF', value=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(pref))

    def _real_initialize(self):
        self._initialize_pref()
        self._initialize_consent()
        if (self._LOGIN_REQUIRED
                and self.get_param('cookiefile') is None
                and self.get_param('cookiesfrombrowser') is None):
            self.raise_login_required('Login details are needed to download this content', method='cookies')

    _YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE = r'(?:window\s*\[\s*["\']ytInitialData["\']\s*\]|ytInitialData)\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
    _YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE = r'ytInitialPlayerResponse\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
    _YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE = r'(?:var\s+meta|</script|\n)'

    def _get_default_ytcfg(self, client='web'):
        return copy.deepcopy(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client])

    def _get_innertube_host(self, client='web'):
        return INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['INNERTUBE_HOST']

    def _ytcfg_get_safe(self, ytcfg, getter, expected_type=None, default_client='web'):
        # try_get but with fallback to default ytcfg client values when present
        _func = lambda y: try_get(y, getter, expected_type)
        return _func(ytcfg) or _func(self._get_default_ytcfg(default_client))

    def _extract_client_name(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
            ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME'],
                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientName']), compat_str, default_client)

    def _extract_client_version(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
            ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION'],
                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientVersion']), compat_str, default_client)

    def _extract_api_key(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='web'):
        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_API_KEY'], compat_str, default_client)

    def _extract_context(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='web'):
        context = get_first(
            (ytcfg, self._get_default_ytcfg(default_client)), 'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', expected_type=dict)
        # Enforce language and tz for extraction
        client_context = traverse_obj(context, 'client', expected_type=dict, default={})
        client_context.update({'hl': 'en', 'timeZone': 'UTC', 'utcOffsetMinutes': 0})
        return context

    _SAPISID = None

    def _generate_sapisidhash_header(self, origin='https://www.youtube.com'):
        time_now = round(time.time())
        if self._SAPISID is None:
            yt_cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com')
            # Sometimes SAPISID cookie isn't present but __Secure-3PAPISID is.
            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/393
            sapisid_cookie = dict_get(
                yt_cookies, ('__Secure-3PAPISID', 'SAPISID'))
            if sapisid_cookie and sapisid_cookie.value:
                self._SAPISID = sapisid_cookie.value
                self.write_debug('Extracted SAPISID cookie')
                # SAPISID cookie is required if not already present
                if not yt_cookies.get('SAPISID'):
                    self.write_debug('Copying __Secure-3PAPISID cookie to SAPISID cookie')
                    self._set_cookie(
                        '.youtube.com', 'SAPISID', self._SAPISID, secure=True, expire_time=time_now + 3600)
            else:
                self._SAPISID = False
        if not self._SAPISID:
            return None
        # SAPISIDHASH algorithm from https://stackoverflow.com/a/32065323
        sapisidhash = hashlib.sha1(
            f'{time_now} {self._SAPISID} {origin}'.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
        return f'SAPISIDHASH {time_now}_{sapisidhash}'

    def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True, headers=None,
                  note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page',
                  context=None, api_key=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):

        data = {'context': context} if context else {'context': self._extract_context(default_client=default_client)}
        data.update(query)
        real_headers = self.generate_api_headers(default_client=default_client)
        real_headers.update({'content-type': 'application/json'})
        if headers:
            real_headers.update(headers)
        return self._download_json(
            'https://%s/youtubei/v1/%s' % (api_hostname or self._get_innertube_host(default_client), ep),
            video_id=video_id, fatal=fatal, note=note, errnote=errnote,
            data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf8'), headers=real_headers,
            query={'key': api_key or self._extract_api_key(), 'prettyPrint': 'false'})

    def extract_yt_initial_data(self, item_id, webpage, fatal=True):
        data = self._search_regex(
            (r'%s\s*%s' % (self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, self._YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE),
             self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE), webpage, 'yt initial data', fatal=fatal)
        if data:
            return self._parse_json(data, item_id, fatal=fatal)

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_session_index(*data):
        """
        Index of current account in account list.
        See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/519
        """
        for ytcfg in data:
            session_index = int_or_none(try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['SESSION_INDEX']))
            if session_index is not None:
                return session_index

    # Deprecated?
    def _extract_identity_token(self, ytcfg=None, webpage=None):
        if ytcfg:
            token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['ID_TOKEN'], compat_str)
            if token:
                return token
        if webpage:
            return self._search_regex(
                r'\bID_TOKEN["\']\s*:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage,
                'identity token', default=None, fatal=False)

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_account_syncid(*args):
        """
        Extract syncId required to download private playlists of secondary channels
        @params response and/or ytcfg
        """
        for data in args:
            # ytcfg includes channel_syncid if on secondary channel
            delegated_sid = try_get(data, lambda x: x['DELEGATED_SESSION_ID'], compat_str)
            if delegated_sid:
                return delegated_sid
            sync_ids = (try_get(
                data, (lambda x: x['responseContext']['mainAppWebResponseContext']['datasyncId'],
                       lambda x: x['DATASYNC_ID']), compat_str) or '').split('||')
            if len(sync_ids) >= 2 and sync_ids[1]:
                # datasyncid is of the form "channel_syncid||user_syncid" for secondary channel
                # and just "user_syncid||" for primary channel. We only want the channel_syncid
                return sync_ids[0]

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_visitor_data(*args):
        """
        Extracts visitorData from an API response or ytcfg
        Appears to be used to track session state
        """
        return get_first(
            args, [('VISITOR_DATA', ('INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', 'client', 'visitorData'), ('responseContext', 'visitorData'))],
            expected_type=str)

    @property
    def is_authenticated(self):
        return bool(self._generate_sapisidhash_header())

    def extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
        if not webpage:
            return {}
        return self._parse_json(
            self._search_regex(
                r'ytcfg\.set\s*\(\s*({.+?})\s*\)\s*;', webpage, 'ytcfg',
                default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}

    def generate_api_headers(
            self, *, ytcfg=None, account_syncid=None, session_index=None,
            visitor_data=None, identity_token=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):

        origin = 'https://' + (api_hostname if api_hostname else self._get_innertube_host(default_client))
        headers = {
            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': compat_str(
                self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME'], default_client=default_client)),
            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, default_client),
            'Origin': origin,
            'X-Youtube-Identity-Token': identity_token or self._extract_identity_token(ytcfg),
            'X-Goog-PageId': account_syncid or self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg),
            'X-Goog-Visitor-Id': visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(ytcfg)
        }
        if session_index is None:
            session_index = self._extract_session_index(ytcfg)
        if account_syncid or session_index is not None:
            headers['X-Goog-AuthUser'] = session_index if session_index is not None else 0

        auth = self._generate_sapisidhash_header(origin)
        if auth is not None:
            headers['Authorization'] = auth
            headers['X-Origin'] = origin
        return {h: v for h, v in headers.items() if v is not None}

    @staticmethod
    def _build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp=None):
        query = {
            'continuation': continuation
        }
        # TODO: Inconsistency with clickTrackingParams.
        # Currently we have a fixed ctp contained within context (from ytcfg)
        # and a ctp in root query for continuation.
        if ctp:
            query['clickTracking'] = {'clickTrackingParams': ctp}
        return query

    @classmethod
    def _extract_next_continuation_data(cls, renderer):
        next_continuation = try_get(
            renderer, (lambda x: x['continuations'][0]['nextContinuationData'],
                       lambda x: x['continuation']['reloadContinuationData']), dict)
        if not next_continuation:
            return
        continuation = next_continuation.get('continuation')
        if not continuation:
            return
        ctp = next_continuation.get('clickTrackingParams')
        return cls._build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp)

    @classmethod
    def _extract_continuation_ep_data(cls, continuation_ep: dict):
        if isinstance(continuation_ep, dict):
            continuation = try_get(
                continuation_ep, lambda x: x['continuationCommand']['token'], compat_str)
            if not continuation:
                return
            ctp = continuation_ep.get('clickTrackingParams')
            return cls._build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp)

    @classmethod
    def _extract_continuation(cls, renderer):
        next_continuation = cls._extract_next_continuation_data(renderer)
        if next_continuation:
            return next_continuation

        contents = []
        for key in ('contents', 'items'):
            contents.extend(try_get(renderer, lambda x: x[key], list) or [])

        for content in contents:
            if not isinstance(content, dict):
                continue
            continuation_ep = try_get(
                content, (lambda x: x['continuationItemRenderer']['continuationEndpoint'],
                          lambda x: x['continuationItemRenderer']['button']['buttonRenderer']['command']),
                dict)
            continuation = cls._extract_continuation_ep_data(continuation_ep)
            if continuation:
                return continuation

    @classmethod
    def _extract_alerts(cls, data):
        for alert_dict in try_get(data, lambda x: x['alerts'], list) or []:
            if not isinstance(alert_dict, dict):
                continue
            for alert in alert_dict.values():
                alert_type = alert.get('type')
                if not alert_type:
                    continue
                message = cls._get_text(alert, 'text')
                if message:
                    yield alert_type, message

    def _report_alerts(self, alerts, expected=True, fatal=True, only_once=False):
        errors = []
        warnings = []
        for alert_type, alert_message in alerts:
            if alert_type.lower() == 'error' and fatal:
                errors.append([alert_type, alert_message])
            else:
                warnings.append([alert_type, alert_message])

        for alert_type, alert_message in (warnings + errors[:-1]):
            self.report_warning('YouTube said: %s - %s' % (alert_type, alert_message), only_once=only_once)
        if errors:
            raise ExtractorError('YouTube said: %s' % errors[-1][1], expected=expected)

    def _extract_and_report_alerts(self, data, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._report_alerts(self._extract_alerts(data), *args, **kwargs)

    def _extract_badges(self, renderer: dict):
        badges = set()
        for badge in try_get(renderer, lambda x: x['badges'], list) or []:
            label = try_get(badge, lambda x: x['metadataBadgeRenderer']['label'], compat_str)
            if label:
                badges.add(label.lower())
        return badges

    @staticmethod
    def _get_text(data, *path_list, max_runs=None):
        for path in path_list or [None]:
            if path is None:
                obj = [data]
            else:
                obj = traverse_obj(data, path, default=[])
                if not any(key is ... or isinstance(key, (list, tuple)) for key in variadic(path)):
                    obj = [obj]
            for item in obj:
                text = try_get(item, lambda x: x['simpleText'], compat_str)
                if text:
                    return text
                runs = try_get(item, lambda x: x['runs'], list) or []
                if not runs and isinstance(item, list):
                    runs = item

                runs = runs[:min(len(runs), max_runs or len(runs))]
                text = ''.join(traverse_obj(runs, (..., 'text'), expected_type=str, default=[]))
                if text:
                    return text

    def _get_count(self, data, *path_list):
        count_text = self._get_text(data, *path_list) or ''
        count = parse_count(count_text)
        if count is None:
            count = str_to_int(
                self._search_regex(r'^([\d,]+)', re.sub(r'\s', '', count_text), 'count', default=None))
        return count

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_thumbnails(data, *path_list):
        """
        Extract thumbnails from thumbnails dict
        @param path_list: path list to level that contains 'thumbnails' key
        """
        thumbnails = []
        for path in path_list or [()]:
            for thumbnail in traverse_obj(data, (*variadic(path), 'thumbnails', ...), default=[]):
                thumbnail_url = url_or_none(thumbnail.get('url'))
                if not thumbnail_url:
                    continue
                # Sometimes youtube gives a wrong thumbnail URL. See:
                # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/233
                # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28023
                if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url:
                    thumbnail_url = thumbnail_url.split('?')[0]
                thumbnails.append({
                    'url': thumbnail_url,
                    'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
                    'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
                })
        return thumbnails

    @staticmethod
    def extract_relative_time(relative_time_text):
        """
        Extracts a relative time from string and converts to dt object
        e.g. 'streamed 6 days ago', '5 seconds ago (edited)', 'updated today'
        """
        mobj = re.search(r'(?P<start>today|yesterday|now)|(?P<time>\d+)\s*(?P<unit>microsecond|second|minute|hour|day|week|month|year)s?\s*ago', relative_time_text)
        if mobj:
            start = mobj.group('start')
            if start:
                return datetime_from_str(start)
            try:
                return datetime_from_str('now-%s%s' % (mobj.group('time'), mobj.group('unit')))
            except ValueError:
                return None

    def _extract_time_text(self, renderer, *path_list):
        text = self._get_text(renderer, *path_list) or ''
        dt = self.extract_relative_time(text)
        timestamp = None
        if isinstance(dt, datetime.datetime):
            timestamp = calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple())

        if timestamp is None:
            timestamp = (
                unified_timestamp(text) or unified_timestamp(
                    self._search_regex(
                        (r'([a-z]+\s*\d{1,2},?\s*20\d{2})', r'(?:.+|^)(?:live|premieres|ed|ing)(?:\s*(?:on|for))?\s*(.+\d)'),
                        text.lower(), 'time text', default=None)))

        if text and timestamp is None:
            self.report_warning(f"Cannot parse localized time text '{text}'" + bug_reports_message(), only_once=True)
        return timestamp, text

    def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers=None,
                          ytcfg=None, check_get_keys=None, ep='browse', fatal=True, api_hostname=None,
                          default_client='web'):
        response = None
        last_error = None
        count = -1
        retries = self.get_param('extractor_retries', 3)
        if check_get_keys is None:
            check_get_keys = []
        while count < retries:
            count += 1
            if last_error:
                self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % remove_end(last_error, '.'))
            try:
                response = self._call_api(
                    ep=ep, fatal=True, headers=headers,
                    video_id=item_id, query=query,
                    context=self._extract_context(ytcfg, default_client),
                    api_key=self._extract_api_key(ytcfg, default_client),
                    api_hostname=api_hostname, default_client=default_client,
                    note='%s%s' % (note, ' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''))
            except ExtractorError as e:
                if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
                    if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
                        first_bytes = e.cause.read(512)
                        if not is_html(first_bytes):
                            yt_error = try_get(
                                self._parse_json(
                                    self._webpage_read_content(e.cause, None, item_id, prefix=first_bytes) or '{}', item_id, fatal=False),
                                lambda x: x['error']['message'], compat_str)
                            if yt_error:
                                self._report_alerts([('ERROR', yt_error)], fatal=False)
                    # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
                    # Sometimes a 404 is also recieved. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
                    # We also want to catch all other network exceptions since errors in later pages can be troublesome
                    # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/507#issuecomment-880188210
                    if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
                        last_error = error_to_compat_str(e.cause or e.msg)
                        if count < retries:
                            continue
                if fatal:
                    raise
                else:
                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
                    return

            else:
                try:
                    self._extract_and_report_alerts(response, only_once=True)
                except ExtractorError as e:
                    # YouTube servers may return errors we want to retry on in a 200 OK response
                    # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/839
                    if 'unknown error' in e.msg.lower():
                        last_error = e.msg
                        continue
                    if fatal:
                        raise
                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
                    return
                if not check_get_keys or dict_get(response, check_get_keys):
                    break
                # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
                # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
                last_error = 'Incomplete data received'
                if count >= retries:
                    if fatal:
                        raise ExtractorError(last_error)
                    else:
                        self.report_warning(last_error)
                        return
        return response

    @staticmethod
    def is_music_url(url):
        return re.match(r'https?://music\.youtube\.com/', url) is not None

    def _extract_video(self, renderer):
        video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
        title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')
        description = self._get_text(renderer, 'descriptionSnippet')
        duration = parse_duration(self._get_text(
            renderer, 'lengthText', ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'text')))
        if duration is None:
            duration = parse_duration(self._search_regex(
                r'(?i)(ago)(?!.*\1)\s+(?P<duration>[a-z0-9 ,]+?)(?:\s+[\d,]+\s+views)?(?:\s+-\s+play\s+short)?$',
                traverse_obj(renderer, ('title', 'accessibility', 'accessibilityData', 'label'), default='', expected_type=str),
                video_id, default=None, group='duration'))

        view_count = self._get_count(renderer, 'viewCountText')

        uploader = self._get_text(renderer, 'ownerText', 'shortBylineText')
        channel_id = traverse_obj(
            renderer, ('shortBylineText', 'runs', ..., 'navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId'), expected_type=str, get_all=False)
        timestamp, time_text = self._extract_time_text(renderer, 'publishedTimeText')
        scheduled_timestamp = str_to_int(traverse_obj(renderer, ('upcomingEventData', 'startTime'), get_all=False))
        overlay_style = traverse_obj(
            renderer, ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'style'), get_all=False, expected_type=str)
        badges = self._extract_badges(renderer)
        thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail')
        navigation_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', traverse_obj(
            renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), expected_type=str))
        url = f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}'
        if overlay_style == 'SHORTS' or (navigation_url and '/shorts/' in navigation_url):
            url = f'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/{video_id}'

        return {
            '_type': 'url',
            'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
            'id': video_id,
            'url': url,
            'title': title,
            'description': description,
            'duration': duration,
            'view_count': view_count,
            'uploader': uploader,
            'channel_id': channel_id,
            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
            'upload_date': strftime_or_none(timestamp, '%Y%m%d') if self._configuration_arg('approximate_date', ie_key='youtubetab') else None,
            'live_status': ('is_upcoming' if scheduled_timestamp is not None
                            else 'was_live' if 'streamed' in time_text.lower()
                            else 'is_live' if overlay_style is not None and overlay_style == 'LIVE' or 'live now' in badges
                            else None),
            'release_timestamp': scheduled_timestamp,
            'availability': self._availability(needs_premium='premium' in badges, needs_subscription='members only' in badges)
        }


class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube'
    _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
                     (
                         (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
                         (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com|
                            (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com|
                            (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com|
                            (?:www\.)?hooktube\.com|
                            (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com|
                            tube\.majestyc\.net|
                            %(invidious)s|
                            youtube\.googleapis\.com)/                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
                         (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
                         (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
                             (?:(?:v|embed|e|shorts)/(?!videoseries|live_stream))  # v/ or embed/ or e/ or shorts/
                             |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
                                 (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
                                 (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
                                 (?:.*?[&;])??                                # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx or ?s=tuff&amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY)
                                 v=
                             )
                         ))
                         |(?:
                            youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
                            vid\.plus|                                        # or vid.plus/xxxx
                            zwearz\.com/watch|                                # or zwearz.com/watch/xxxx
                            %(invidious)s
                         )/
                         |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
                         )
                     )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
                     (?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                # here is it! the YouTube video ID
                     (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
                     (?:\#|$)""" % {
        'invidious': '|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
    }
    _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
        r'/s/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player',
        r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player(?:_ias\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?|-plasma-ias-(?:phone|tablet)-[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]{2}\.vflset)/base\.js$',
        r'\b(?P<id>vfl[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\b.*?\.js$',
    )
    _formats = {
        '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
        '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
        '13': {'ext': '3gp', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
        '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
        '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 96, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        # itag 36 videos are either 320x180 (BaW_jenozKc) or 320x240 (__2ABJjxzNo), abr varies as well
        '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
        '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},


        # 3D videos
        '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
        '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
        '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
        '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
        '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
        '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
        '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},

        # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
        '91': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},

        # DASH mp4 video
        '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
        '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '212': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
        '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
        '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},

        # Dash mp4 audio
        '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '256': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '258': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '325': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'dtse', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '328': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'ec-3', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},

        # Dash webm
        '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        # itag 272 videos are either 3840x2160 (e.g. RtoitU2A-3E) or 7680x4320 (sLprVF6d7Ug)
        '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
        '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
        '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
        '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},

        # Dash webm audio
        '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128},
        '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256},

        # Dash webm audio with opus inside
        '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50},
        '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70},
        '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160},

        # RTMP (unnamed)
        '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},

        # av01 video only formats sometimes served with "unknown" codecs
        '394': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.00M.08'},
        '395': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.00M.08'},
        '396': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.01M.08'},
        '397': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.04M.08'},
        '398': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
        '399': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.08M.08'},
        '400': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
        '401': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
    }
    _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')

    _GEO_BYPASS = False

    IE_NAME = 'youtube'
    _TESTS = [
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&t=1s&end=9',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                'uploader_id': 'phihag',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
                'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
                'upload_date': '20121002',
                'description': 'md5:8fb536f4877b8a7455c2ec23794dbc22',
                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
                'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
                'duration': 10,
                'view_count': int,
                'like_count': int,
                'availability': 'public',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BaW_jenozKc/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'start_time': 1,
                'end_time': 9,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            }
        },
        {
            'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
            'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'upload_date': '20120608',
                'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
                'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
                'uploader': 'SET India',
                'uploader_id': 'setindia',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/setindia',
                'age_limit': 18,
            },
            'skip': 'Private video',
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
            'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                'uploader_id': 'phihag',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
                'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
                'upload_date': '20121002',
                'description': 'md5:8fb536f4877b8a7455c2ec23794dbc22',
                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
                'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
                'duration': 10,
                'view_count': int,
                'like_count': int,
                'availability': 'public',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BaW_jenozKc/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
            'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
                'ext': 'm4a',
                'upload_date': '20121002',
                'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/8KVIDEO',
                'description': '',
                'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
                'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
            },
            'params': {
                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
                'format': '141',
            },
            'skip': 'format 141 not served anymore',
        },
        # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
                'ext': 'm4a',
                'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
                'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
                'duration': 244,
                'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
                'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
                'upload_date': '20131011',
                'abr': 129.495,
                'like_count': int,
                'channel_id': 'UChuZAo1RKL85gev3Eal9_zg',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChuZAo1RKL85gev3Eal9_zg',
                'view_count': int,
                'track': 'The Spark',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/IB3lcPjvWLA/maxresdefault.webp',
                'channel': 'Afrojack',
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/AfrojackVEVO',
                'tags': 'count:19',
                'availability': 'public',
                'categories': ['Music'],
                'age_limit': 0,
                'alt_title': 'The Spark',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
                'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
            },
        },
        # Age-gate videos. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/575#issuecomment-888837000
        {
            'note': 'Embed allowed age-gate video',
            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
                'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
                'duration': 142,
                'uploader': 'The Witcher',
                'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/WitcherGame',
                'upload_date': '20140605',
                'age_limit': 18,
                'categories': ['Gaming'],
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/HtVdAasjOgU/maxresdefault.webp',
                'availability': 'needs_auth',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzybXLxv08IApdjdN0mJhEg',
                'like_count': int,
                'channel': 'The Witcher',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'tags': 'count:17',
                'channel_id': 'UCzybXLxv08IApdjdN0mJhEg',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'view_count': int,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
        },
        {
            'note': 'Age-gate video with embed allowed in public site',
            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HsUATh_Nc2U',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'HsUATh_Nc2U',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Godzilla 2 (Official Video)',
                'description': 'md5:bf77e03fcae5529475e500129b05668a',
                'upload_date': '20200408',
                'uploader_id': 'FlyingKitty900',
                'uploader': 'FlyingKitty',
                'age_limit': 18,
                'availability': 'needs_auth',
                'channel_id': 'UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/FlyingKitty900',
                'channel': 'FlyingKitty',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
                'view_count': int,
                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'tags': ['Flyingkitty', 'godzilla 2'],
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HsUATh_Nc2U/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'like_count': int,
                'duration': 177,
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
        },
        {
            'note': 'Age-gate video embedable only with clientScreen=EMBED',
            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=Tq92D6wQ1mg',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'Tq92D6wQ1mg',
                'title': '[MMD] Adios - EVERGLOW [+Motion DL]',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'upload_date': '20191228',
                'uploader_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
                'description': 'md5:17eccca93a786d51bc67646756894066',
                'age_limit': 18,
                'like_count': int,
                'availability': 'needs_auth',
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                'channel_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                'view_count': int,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/Tq92D6wQ1mg/sddefault.webp',
                'channel': 'Projekt Melody',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'tags': ['mmd', 'dance', 'mikumikudance', 'kpop', 'vtuber'],
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
                'duration': 106,
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
        },
        {
            'note': 'Non-Agegated non-embeddable video',
            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=MeJVWBSsPAY',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'MeJVWBSsPAY',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'OOMPH! - Such Mich Find Mich (Lyrics)',
                'uploader': 'Herr Lurik',
                'uploader_id': 'st3in234',
                'description': 'Fan Video. Music & Lyrics by OOMPH!.',
                'upload_date': '20130730',
                'track': 'Such mich find mich',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'tags': ['oomph', 'such mich find mich', 'lyrics', 'german industrial', 'musica industrial'],
                'like_count': int,
                'playable_in_embed': False,
                'creator': 'OOMPH!',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/MeJVWBSsPAY/sddefault.jpg',
                'view_count': int,
                'alt_title': 'Such mich find mich',
                'duration': 210,
                'channel': 'Herr Lurik',
                'channel_id': 'UCdR3RSDPqub28LjZx0v9-aA',
                'categories': ['Music'],
                'availability': 'public',
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/st3in234',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdR3RSDPqub28LjZx0v9-aA',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'artist': 'OOMPH!',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
        },
        {
            'note': 'Non-bypassable age-gated video',
            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=Cr381pDsSsA',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        # video_info is None (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
        # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
        {
            'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'duration': 266,
                'upload_date': '20100430',
                'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/deadmau5',
                'creator': 'deadmau5',
                'description': 'md5:6cbcd3a92ce1bc676fc4d6ab4ace2336',
                'uploader': 'deadmau5',
                'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
                'alt_title': 'Some Chords',
                'availability': 'public',
                'tags': 'count:14',
                'channel_id': 'UCYEK6xds6eo-3tr4xRdflmQ',
                'view_count': int,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'channel': 'deadmau5',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/__2ABJjxzNo/maxresdefault.webp',
                'like_count': int,
                'track': 'Some Chords',
                'artist': 'deadmau5',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'age_limit': 0,
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYEK6xds6eo-3tr4xRdflmQ',
                'categories': ['Music'],
                'album': 'Some Chords',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'expected_warnings': [
                'DASH manifest missing',
            ]
        },
        # Olympics (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
        {
            'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'duration': 6085,
                'upload_date': '20150827',
                'uploader_id': 'olympic',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
                'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
                'uploader': 'Olympics',
                'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
                'like_count': int,
                'release_timestamp': 1343767800,
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'categories': ['Sports'],
                'release_date': '20120731',
                'channel': 'Olympics',
                'tags': ['Hockey', '2012-07-31', '31 July 2012', 'Riverbank Arena', 'Session', 'Olympics', 'Olympic Games', 'London 2012', '2012 Summer Olympics', 'Summer Games'],
                'channel_id': 'UCTl3QQTvqHFjurroKxexy2Q',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/lqQg6PlCWgI/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'availability': 'public',
                'live_status': 'was_live',
                'view_count': int,
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTl3QQTvqHFjurroKxexy2Q',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
            }
        },
        # Non-square pixels
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
                'duration': 85,
                'upload_date': '20110310',
                'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/AllenMeow',
                'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
                'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
                'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'channel': '孫ᄋᄅ',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'tags': 'count:11',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCS-xxCmRaA6BFdmgDPA_BIw',
                'channel_id': 'UCS-xxCmRaA6BFdmgDPA_BIw',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_b-2C3KPAM0/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'view_count': int,
                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
                'like_count': int,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'availability': 'unlisted',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
        },
        # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
        {
            'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
                'ext': 'webm',
                'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
                'description': '',
                'upload_date': '20150404',
                'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
                'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
            },
            'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
        },
        # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
                'ext': 'webm',
                'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
                'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
                'duration': 220,
                'upload_date': '20150625',
                'uploader_id': 'dorappi2000',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/dorappi2000',
                'uploader': 'dorappi2000',
                'formats': 'mincount:31',
            },
            'skip': 'not actual anymore',
        },
        # DASH manifest with segment_list
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
            'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
                'uploader': 'Airtek',
                'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
                'uploader_id': 'UCzTzUmjXxxacNnL8I3m4LnQ',
                'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
            },
            'params': {
                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
                'format': '135',  # bestvideo
            },
            'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
        },
        {
            # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL is for Main Camera
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvGDaLqkpTg',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'jvGDaLqkpTg',
                'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever',
                'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
            },
            'playlist': [{
                'info_dict': {
                    'id': 'jvGDaLqkpTg',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever (Main Camera)',
                    'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
                    'duration': 10643,
                    'upload_date': '20161111',
                    'uploader': 'Team PGP',
                    'uploader_id': 'UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                    'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                },
            }, {
                'info_dict': {
                    'id': '3AKt1R1aDnw',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever (Camera 2)',
                    'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
                    'duration': 10991,
                    'upload_date': '20161111',
                    'uploader': 'Team PGP',
                    'uploader_id': 'UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                    'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                },
            }, {
                'info_dict': {
                    'id': 'RtAMM00gpVc',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever (Camera 3)',
                    'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
                    'duration': 10995,
                    'upload_date': '20161111',
                    'uploader': 'Team PGP',
                    'uploader_id': 'UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                    'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                },
            }, {
                'info_dict': {
                    'id': '6N2fdlP3C5U',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever (Camera 4)',
                    'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
                    'duration': 10990,
                    'upload_date': '20161111',
                    'uploader': 'Team PGP',
                    'uploader_id': 'UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                    'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                },
            }],
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
        },
        {
            # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfLd0zydlo',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'gVfLd0zydlo',
                'title': 'DevConf.cz 2016 Day 2 Workshops 1 14:00 - 15:30',
            },
            'playlist_count': 2,
            'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://zwearz.com/watch/9lWxNJF-ufM/electra-woman-dyna-girl-official-trailer-grace-helbig.html',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
            # Also tests cut-off URL expansion in video description (see
            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1892,
            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8164)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
                'alt_title': 'Dark Walk',
                'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
                'duration': 133,
                'upload_date': '20151119',
                'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IronSoulElf',
                'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
                'creator': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
                'track': 'Dark Walk',
                'artist': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
                'album': 'Position Music - Production Music Vol. 143 - Dark Walk',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/lsguqyKfVQg/maxresdefault.webp',
                'categories': ['Film & Animation'],
                'view_count': int,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTSRgz5jylBvFt_S7wnsqLQ',
                'channel_id': 'UCTSRgz5jylBvFt_S7wnsqLQ',
                'tags': 'count:13',
                'availability': 'public',
                'channel': 'IronSoulElf',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'like_count': int,
                'age_limit': 0,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
                'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
                'upload_date': '20151107',
                'uploader_id': 'UCCr7TALkRbo3EtFzETQF1LA',
                'uploader': 'CH GAMER DROID',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
        },
        {
            # Video with incomplete 'yt:stretch=16:'
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRhJzUSJbGI',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Video licensed under Creative Commons
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'M4gD1WSo5mA',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'md5:e41008789470fc2533a3252216f1c1d1',
                'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
                'duration': 721,
                'upload_date': '20150128',
                'uploader_id': 'BerkmanCenter',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/BerkmanCenter',
                'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
                'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
                'channel_id': 'UCuLGmD72gJDBwmLw06X58SA',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuLGmD72gJDBwmLw06X58SA',
                'like_count': int,
                'age_limit': 0,
                'tags': ['Copyright (Legal Subject)', 'Law (Industry)', 'William W. Fisher (Author)'],
                'channel': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
                'availability': 'public',
                'view_count': int,
                'categories': ['Education'],
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/M4gD1WSo5mA/maxresdefault.webp',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # Channel-like uploader_url
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Democratic Socialism and Foreign Policy | Bernie Sanders',
                'description': 'md5:13a2503d7b5904ef4b223aa101628f39',
                'duration': 4060,
                'upload_date': '20151120',
                'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
                'uploader_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
                'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'tags': 'count:12',
                'like_count': int,
                'channel_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'availability': 'public',
                'categories': ['News & Politics'],
                'channel': 'Bernie Sanders',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/eQcmzGIKrzg/maxresdefault.webp',
                'view_count': int,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # YouTube Red paid video (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10059)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1Ko8UG-Tdo',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Rental video preview
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'uGpuVWrhIzE',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
                'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
                'upload_date': '20150811',
                'uploader': 'FlixMatrix',
                'uploader_id': 'FlixMatrixKaravan',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/FlixMatrixKaravan',
                'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'This video is not available.',
        },
        {
            # YouTube Red video with episode data
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqKdEhx-dD4',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'iqKdEhx-dD4',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Isolation - Mind Field (Ep 1)',
                'description': 'md5:f540112edec5d09fc8cc752d3d4ba3cd',
                'duration': 2085,
                'upload_date': '20170118',
                'uploader': 'Vsauce',
                'uploader_id': 'Vsauce',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Vsauce',
                'series': 'Mind Field',
                'season_number': 1,
                'episode_number': 1,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/iqKdEhx-dD4/maxresdefault.webp',
                'tags': 'count:12',
                'view_count': int,
                'availability': 'public',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'channel': 'Vsauce',
                'episode': 'Episode 1',
                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
                'season': 'Season 1',
                'channel_id': 'UC6nSFpj9HTCZ5t-N3Rm3-HA',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6nSFpj9HTCZ5t-N3Rm3-HA',
                'like_count': int,
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'expected_warnings': [
                'Skipping DASH manifest',
            ],
        },
        {
            # The following content has been identified by the YouTube community
            # as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SJNVb0GnPI',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '6SJNVb0GnPI',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Race Differences in Intelligence',
                'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
                'duration': 965,
                'upload_date': '20140124',
                'uploader': 'New Century Foundation',
                'uploader_id': 'UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'This video has been removed for violating YouTube\'s policy on hate speech.',
        },
        {
            # itag 212
            'url': '1t24XAntNCY',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # geo restricted to JP
            'url': 'sJL6WA-aGkQ',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://invidio.us/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://redirect.invidious.io/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # from https://nitter.pussthecat.org/YouTube/status/1360363141947944964#m
            'url': 'https://redirect.invidious.io/Yh0AhrY9GjA',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # DRM protected
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7_qI6_mIXc',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Video with unsupported adaptive stream type formats
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Vy8R84T1U',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'Z4Vy8R84T1U',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'saman SMAN 53 Jakarta(Sancety) opening COFFEE4th at SMAN 53 Jakarta',
                'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
                'duration': 433,
                'upload_date': '20130923',
                'uploader': 'Amelia Putri Harwita',
                'uploader_id': 'UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
                'formats': 'maxcount:10',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': False,
            },
            'skip': 'not actual anymore',
        },
        {
            # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'MgNrAu2pzNs',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Voyeur Girl',
                'description': 'md5:7ae382a65843d6df2685993e90a8628f',
                'upload_date': '20190312',
                'uploader': 'Stephen - Topic',
                'uploader_id': 'UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
                'artist': 'Stephen',
                'track': 'Voyeur Girl',
                'album': 'it\'s too much love to know my dear',
                'release_date': '20190313',
                'release_year': 2019,
                'alt_title': 'Voyeur Girl',
                'view_count': int,
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'like_count': int,
                'categories': ['Music'],
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
                'channel': 'Stephen',
                'availability': 'public',
                'creator': 'Stephen',
                'duration': 169,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/MgNrAu2pzNs/maxresdefault.webp',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'channel_id': 'UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
                'tags': 'count:11',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=3b8nCWDgZ6Q',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # invalid -> valid video id redirection
            'url': 'DJztXj2GPfl',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'DJztXj2GPfk',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Panjabi MC - Mundian To Bach Ke (The Dictator Soundtrack)',
                'description': 'md5:bf577a41da97918e94fa9798d9228825',
                'upload_date': '20090125',
                'uploader': 'Prochorowka',
                'uploader_id': 'Prochorowka',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Prochorowka',
                'artist': 'Panjabi MC',
                'track': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian to Bach Ke) - Motivo Hi-Lectro Remix',
                'album': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach Ke)',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'Video unavailable',
        },
        {
            # empty description results in an empty string
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x41yOUIvK2k',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'x41yOUIvK2k',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'IMG 3456',
                'description': '',
                'upload_date': '20170613',
                'uploader_id': 'ElevageOrVert',
                'uploader': 'ElevageOrVert',
                'view_count': int,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/x41yOUIvK2k/maxresdefault.webp',
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/ElevageOrVert',
                'like_count': int,
                'channel_id': 'UCo03ZQPBW5U4UC3regpt1nw',
                'tags': [],
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCo03ZQPBW5U4UC3regpt1nw',
                'availability': 'public',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'categories': ['Pets & Animals'],
                'duration': 7,
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'channel': 'ElevageOrVert',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # with '};' inside yt initial data (see [1])
            # see [2] for an example with '};' inside ytInitialPlayerResponse
            # 1. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/27093
            # 2. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/27216
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHqg6qOn4no',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'CHqg6qOn4no',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Part 77   Sort a list of simple types in c#',
                'description': 'md5:b8746fa52e10cdbf47997903f13b20dc',
                'upload_date': '20130831',
                'uploader_id': 'kudvenkat',
                'uploader': 'kudvenkat',
                'channel_id': 'UCCTVrRB5KpIiK6V2GGVsR1Q',
                'like_count': int,
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/kudvenkat',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCTVrRB5KpIiK6V2GGVsR1Q',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'categories': ['Education'],
                'availability': 'public',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/CHqg6qOn4no/sddefault.jpg',
                'tags': 'count:12',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'age_limit': 0,
                'view_count': int,
                'duration': 522,
                'channel': 'kudvenkat',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # another example of '};' in ytInitialData
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfgbahppCY',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=63RmMXCd_bQ',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/28094
            'url': 'OtqTfy26tG0',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'OtqTfy26tG0',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Burn Out',
                'description': 'md5:8d07b84dcbcbfb34bc12a56d968b6131',
                'upload_date': '20141120',
                'uploader': 'The Cinematic Orchestra - Topic',
                'uploader_id': 'UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
                'artist': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
                'track': 'Burn Out',
                'album': 'Every Day',
                'like_count': int,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'alt_title': 'Burn Out',
                'duration': 614,
                'age_limit': 0,
                'view_count': int,
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
                'creator': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
                'channel': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
                'tags': ['The Cinematic Orchestra', 'Every Day', 'Burn Out'],
                'channel_id': 'UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
                'availability': 'public',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OtqTfy26tG0/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'categories': ['Music'],
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # controversial video, only works with bpctr when authenticated with cookies
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGC3D_FkCmg',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # controversial video, requires bpctr/contentCheckOk
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZJvDhaSDnc',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'SZJvDhaSDnc',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'San Diego teen commits suicide after bullying over embarrassing video',
                'channel_id': 'UC-SJ6nODDmufqBzPBwCvYvQ',
                'uploader': 'CBS Mornings',
                'uploader_id': 'CBSThisMorning',
                'upload_date': '20140716',
                'description': 'md5:acde3a73d3f133fc97e837a9f76b53b7',
                'duration': 170,
                'categories': ['News & Politics'],
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/CBSThisMorning',
                'view_count': int,
                'channel': 'CBS Mornings',
                'tags': ['suicide', 'bullying', 'video', 'cbs', 'news'],
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SZJvDhaSDnc/hqdefault.jpg',
                'age_limit': 18,
                'availability': 'needs_auth',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-SJ6nODDmufqBzPBwCvYvQ',
                'like_count': int,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            }
        },
        {
            # restricted location, https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28685
            'url': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': '4K Ueno Okachimachi  Street  Scenes  上野御徒町歩き',
                'description': 'md5:ea770e474b7cd6722b4c95b833c03630',
                'upload_date': '20201120',
                'uploader': 'Walk around Japan',
                'uploader_id': 'UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
                'duration': 1456,
                'categories': ['Travel & Events'],
                'channel_id': 'UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
                'view_count': int,
                'channel': 'Walk around Japan',
                'tags': ['Ueno Tokyo', 'Okachimachi Tokyo', 'Ameyoko Street', 'Tokyo attraction', 'Travel in Tokyo'],
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/cBvYw8_A0vQ/hqdefault.webp',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'availability': 'public',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        }, {
            # Has multiple audio streams
            'url': 'WaOKSUlf4TM',
            'only_matching': True
        }, {
            # Requires Premium: has format 141 when requested using YTM url
            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=XclachpHxis',
            'only_matching': True
        }, {
            # multiple subtitles with same lang_code
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsQiKKfKxug',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            # Force use android client fallback
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOelRv7fMxY',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'YOelRv7fMxY',
                'title': 'DIGGING A SECRET TUNNEL Part 1',
                'ext': '3gp',
                'upload_date': '20210624',
                'channel_id': 'UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
                'uploader': 'colinfurze',
                'uploader_id': 'colinfurze',
                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
                'description': 'md5:5d5991195d599b56cd0c4148907eec50',
                'duration': 596,
                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/colinfurze',
                'view_count': int,
                'channel': 'colinfurze',
                'tags': ['Colin', 'furze', 'Terry', 'tunnel', 'underground', 'bunker'],
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YOelRv7fMxY/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'availability': 'public',
                'like_count': int,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            },
            'params': {
                'format': '17',  # 3gp format available on android
                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['android']}},
            },
        },
        {
            # Skip download of additional client configs (remix client config in this case)
            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
            'only_matching': True,
            'params': {
                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_skip': ['configs']}},
            },
        }, {
            # shorts
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/BGQWPY4IigY',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            'note': 'Storyboards',
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KLPxDtMqe8',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '5KLPxDtMqe8',
                'ext': 'mhtml',
                'format_id': 'sb0',
                'title': 'Your Brain is Plastic',
                'uploader_id': 'scishow',
                'description': 'md5:89cd86034bdb5466cd87c6ba206cd2bc',
                'upload_date': '20140324',
                'uploader': 'SciShow',
                'like_count': int,
                'channel_id': 'UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow',
                'view_count': int,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5KLPxDtMqe8/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'tags': 'count:12',
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/scishow',
                'availability': 'public',
                'channel': 'SciShow',
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'duration': 248,
                'categories': ['Education'],
                'age_limit': 0,
                'channel_follower_count': int
            }, 'params': {'format': 'mhtml', 'skip_download': True}
        }, {
            # Ensure video upload_date is in UTC timezone (video was uploaded 1641170939)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NUZ8W2llS4',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '2NUZ8W2llS4',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'The NP that test your phone performance 🙂',
                'description': 'md5:144494b24d4f9dfacb97c1bbef5de84d',
                'uploader': 'Leon Nguyen',
                'uploader_id': 'VNSXIII',
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/VNSXIII',
                'channel_id': 'UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
                'duration': 21,
                'view_count': int,
                'age_limit': 0,
                'categories': ['Gaming'],
                'tags': 'count:23',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'upload_date': '20220103',
                'like_count': int,
                'availability': 'public',
                'channel': 'Leon Nguyen',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/2NUZ8W2llS4/maxresdefault.webp',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            }
        }, {
            # date text is premiered video, ensure upload date in UTC (published 1641172509)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzZzzBU6lrM',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'mzZzzBU6lrM',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'I Met GeorgeNotFound In Real Life...',
                'description': 'md5:cca98a355c7184e750f711f3a1b22c84',
                'uploader': 'Quackity',
                'uploader_id': 'QuackityHQ',
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/QuackityHQ',
                'channel_id': 'UC_8NknAFiyhOUaZqHR3lq3Q',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_8NknAFiyhOUaZqHR3lq3Q',
                'duration': 955,
                'view_count': int,
                'age_limit': 0,
                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
                'tags': 'count:26',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'live_status': 'not_live',
                'release_timestamp': 1641172509,
                'release_date': '20220103',
                'upload_date': '20220103',
                'like_count': int,
                'availability': 'public',
                'channel': 'Quackity',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mzZzzBU6lrM/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'channel_follower_count': int
            }
        },
        {   # continuous livestream. Microformat upload date should be preferred.
            # Upload date was 2021-06-19 (not UTC), while stream start is 2021-11-27
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgx4WGK0oNU',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'kgx4WGK0oNU',
                'title': r're:jazz\/lofi hip hop radio🌱chill beats to relax\/study to \[LIVE 24\/7\] \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'channel_id': 'UC84whx2xxsiA1gXHXXqKGOA',
                'availability': 'public',
                'age_limit': 0,
                'release_timestamp': 1637975704,
                'upload_date': '20210619',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC84whx2xxsiA1gXHXXqKGOA',
                'live_status': 'is_live',
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kgx4WGK0oNU/maxresdefault.jpg',
                'uploader': '阿鲍Abao',
                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC84whx2xxsiA1gXHXXqKGOA',
                'channel': 'Abao in Tokyo',
                'channel_follower_count': int,
                'release_date': '20211127',
                'tags': 'count:39',
                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
                'like_count': int,
                'uploader_id': 'UC84whx2xxsiA1gXHXXqKGOA',
                'view_count': int,
                'playable_in_embed': True,
                'description': 'md5:2ef1d002cad520f65825346e2084e49d',
            },
            'params': {'skip_download': True}
        },
    ]

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
        from ..utils import parse_qs

        qs = parse_qs(url)
        if qs.get('list', [None])[0]:
            return False
        return super(YoutubeIE, cls).suitable(url)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._code_cache = {}
        self._player_cache = {}

    def _prepare_live_from_start_formats(self, formats, video_id, live_start_time, url, webpage_url, smuggled_data):
        lock = threading.Lock()

        is_live = True
        start_time = time.time()
        formats = [f for f in formats if f.get('is_from_start')]

        def refetch_manifest(format_id, delay):
            nonlocal formats, start_time, is_live
            if time.time() <= start_time + delay:
                return

            _, _, prs, player_url = self._download_player_responses(url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url)
            video_details = traverse_obj(
                prs, (..., 'videoDetails'), expected_type=dict, default=[])
            microformats = traverse_obj(
                prs, (..., 'microformat', 'playerMicroformatRenderer'),
                expected_type=dict, default=[])
            _, is_live, _, formats = self._list_formats(video_id, microformats, video_details, prs, player_url)
            start_time = time.time()

        def mpd_feed(format_id, delay):
            """
            @returns (manifest_url, manifest_stream_number, is_live) or None
            """
            with lock:
                refetch_manifest(format_id, delay)

            f = next((f for f in formats if f['format_id'] == format_id), None)
            if not f:
                if not is_live:
                    self.to_screen(f'{video_id}: Video is no longer live')
                else:
                    self.report_warning(
                        f'Cannot find refreshed manifest for format {format_id}{bug_reports_message()}')
                return None
            return f['manifest_url'], f['manifest_stream_number'], is_live

        for f in formats:
            f['is_live'] = True
            f['protocol'] = 'http_dash_segments_generator'
            f['fragments'] = functools.partial(
                self._live_dash_fragments, f['format_id'], live_start_time, mpd_feed)

    def _live_dash_fragments(self, format_id, live_start_time, mpd_feed, ctx):
        FETCH_SPAN, MAX_DURATION = 5, 432000

        mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = None, None, True

        begin_index = 0
        download_start_time = ctx.get('start') or time.time()

        lack_early_segments = download_start_time - (live_start_time or download_start_time) > MAX_DURATION
        if lack_early_segments:
            self.report_warning(bug_reports_message(
                'Starting download from the last 120 hours of the live stream since '
                'YouTube does not have data before that. If you think this is wrong,'), only_once=True)
            lack_early_segments = True

        known_idx, no_fragment_score, last_segment_url = begin_index, 0, None
        fragments, fragment_base_url = None, None

        def _extract_sequence_from_mpd(refresh_sequence, immediate):
            nonlocal mpd_url, stream_number, is_live, no_fragment_score, fragments, fragment_base_url
            # Obtain from MPD's maximum seq value
            old_mpd_url = mpd_url
            last_error = ctx.pop('last_error', None)
            expire_fast = immediate or last_error and isinstance(last_error, compat_HTTPError) and last_error.code == 403
            mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = (mpd_feed(format_id, 5 if expire_fast else 18000)
                                               or (mpd_url, stream_number, False))
            if not refresh_sequence:
                if expire_fast and not is_live:
                    return False, last_seq
                elif old_mpd_url == mpd_url:
                    return True, last_seq
            try:
                fmts, _ = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
                    mpd_url, None, note=False, errnote=False, fatal=False)
            except ExtractorError:
                fmts = None
            if not fmts:
                no_fragment_score += 2
                return False, last_seq
            fmt_info = next(x for x in fmts if x['manifest_stream_number'] == stream_number)
            fragments = fmt_info['fragments']
            fragment_base_url = fmt_info['fragment_base_url']
            assert fragment_base_url

            _last_seq = int(re.search(r'(?:/|^)sq/(\d+)', fragments[-1]['path']).group(1))
            return True, _last_seq

        while is_live:
            fetch_time = time.time()
            if no_fragment_score > 30:
                return
            if last_segment_url:
                # Obtain from "X-Head-Seqnum" header value from each segment
                try:
                    urlh = self._request_webpage(
                        last_segment_url, None, note=False, errnote=False, fatal=False)
                except ExtractorError:
                    urlh = None
                last_seq = try_get(urlh, lambda x: int_or_none(x.headers['X-Head-Seqnum']))
                if last_seq is None:
                    no_fragment_score += 2
                    last_segment_url = None
                    continue
            else:
                should_continue, last_seq = _extract_sequence_from_mpd(True, no_fragment_score > 15)
                no_fragment_score += 2
                if not should_continue:
                    continue

            if known_idx > last_seq:
                last_segment_url = None
                continue

            last_seq += 1

            if begin_index < 0 and known_idx < 0:
                # skip from the start when it's negative value
                known_idx = last_seq + begin_index
            if lack_early_segments:
                known_idx = max(known_idx, last_seq - int(MAX_DURATION // fragments[-1]['duration']))
            try:
                for idx in range(known_idx, last_seq):
                    # do not update sequence here or you'll get skipped some part of it
                    should_continue, _ = _extract_sequence_from_mpd(False, False)
                    if not should_continue:
                        known_idx = idx - 1
                        raise ExtractorError('breaking out of outer loop')
                    last_segment_url = urljoin(fragment_base_url, 'sq/%d' % idx)
                    yield {
                        'url': last_segment_url,
                    }
                if known_idx == last_seq:
                    no_fragment_score += 5
                else:
                    no_fragment_score = 0
                known_idx = last_seq
            except ExtractorError:
                continue

            time.sleep(max(0, FETCH_SPAN + fetch_time - time.time()))

    def _extract_player_url(self, *ytcfgs, webpage=None):
        player_url = traverse_obj(
            ytcfgs, (..., 'PLAYER_JS_URL'), (..., 'WEB_PLAYER_CONTEXT_CONFIGS', ..., 'jsUrl'),
            get_all=False, expected_type=compat_str)
        if not player_url:
            return
        return urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', player_url)

    def _download_player_url(self, video_id, fatal=False):
        res = self._download_webpage(
            'https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api',
            note='Downloading iframe API JS', video_id=video_id, fatal=fatal)
        if res:
            player_version = self._search_regex(
                r'player\\?/([0-9a-fA-F]{8})\\?/', res, 'player version', fatal=fatal)
            if player_version:
                return f'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/{player_version}/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js'

    def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
        """ Return a string representation of a signature """
        return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))

    @classmethod
    def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
        for player_re in cls._PLAYER_INFO_RE:
            id_m = re.search(player_re, player_url)
            if id_m:
                break
        else:
            raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
        return id_m.group('id')

    def _load_player(self, video_id, player_url, fatal=True):
        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
        if player_id not in self._code_cache:
            code = self._download_webpage(
                player_url, video_id, fatal=fatal,
                note='Downloading player ' + player_id,
                errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
            if code:
                self._code_cache[player_id] = code
        return self._code_cache.get(player_id)

    def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)

        # Read from filesystem cache
        func_id = 'js_%s_%s' % (
            player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
        assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id

        cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
        if cache_spec is not None:
            return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)

        code = self._load_player(video_id, player_url)
        if code:
            res = self._parse_sig_js(code)

            test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
            cache_res = res(test_string)
            cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]

            self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
            return res

    def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
        if not self.get_param('youtube_print_sig_code'):
            return

        def gen_sig_code(idxs):
            def _genslice(start, end, step):
                starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
                ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
                steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
                return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)

            step = None
            # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
            start = '(Never used)'
            for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
                if step is not None:
                    if i - prev == step:
                        continue
                    yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
                    step = None
                    continue
                if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
                    step = i - prev
                    start = prev
                    continue
                else:
                    yield 's[%d]' % prev
            if step is None:
                yield 's[%d]' % i
            else:
                yield _genslice(start, i, step)

        test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
        cache_res = func(test_string)
        cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
        expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
        signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
            ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
        code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
                '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
        self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)

    def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
        funcname = self._search_regex(
            (r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\bm=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(h\.s\)\)',
             r'\bc&&\(c=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(c\)\)',
             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\);[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\(a,\d+\)',
             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
             r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
             # Obsolete patterns
             r'(["\'])signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\bc\s*&&\s*a\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
            jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')

        jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
        initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
        return lambda s: initial_function([s])

    def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url):
        """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""

        if player_url is None:
            raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')

        try:
            player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
            if player_id not in self._player_cache:
                func = self._extract_signature_function(
                    video_id, player_url, s
                )
                self._player_cache[player_id] = func
            func = self._player_cache[player_id]
            self._print_sig_code(func, s)
            return func(s)
        except Exception as e:
            raise ExtractorError('Signature extraction failed: ' + traceback.format_exc(), cause=e)

    def _decrypt_nsig(self, s, video_id, player_url):
        """Turn the encrypted n field into a working signature"""
        if player_url is None:
            raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt nsig without player_url')
        player_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', player_url)

        sig_id = ('nsig_value', s)
        if sig_id in self._player_cache:
            return self._player_cache[sig_id]

        try:
            player_id = ('nsig', player_url)
            if player_id not in self._player_cache:
                self._player_cache[player_id] = self._extract_n_function(video_id, player_url)
            func = self._player_cache[player_id]
            self._player_cache[sig_id] = func(s)
            self.write_debug(f'Decrypted nsig {s} => {self._player_cache[sig_id]}')
            return self._player_cache[sig_id]
        except Exception as e:
            raise ExtractorError(traceback.format_exc(), cause=e, video_id=video_id)

    def _extract_n_function_name(self, jscode):
        nfunc, idx = self._search_regex(
            r'\.get\("n"\)\)&&\(b=(?P<nfunc>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)(?:\[(?P<idx>\d+)\])?\([a-zA-Z0-9]\)',
            jscode, 'Initial JS player n function name', group=('nfunc', 'idx'))
        if not idx:
            return nfunc
        return json.loads(js_to_json(self._search_regex(
            rf'var {re.escape(nfunc)}\s*=\s*(\[.+?\]);', jscode,
            f'Initial JS player n function list ({nfunc}.{idx})')))[int(idx)]

    def _extract_n_function(self, video_id, player_url):
        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
        func_code = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-nsig', player_id)

        if func_code:
            jsi = JSInterpreter(func_code)
        else:
            jscode = self._load_player(video_id, player_url)
            funcname = self._extract_n_function_name(jscode)
            jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
            func_code = jsi.extract_function_code(funcname)
            self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-nsig', player_id, func_code)

        if self.get_param('youtube_print_sig_code'):
            self.to_screen(f'Extracted nsig function from {player_id}:\n{func_code[1]}\n')

        return lambda s: jsi.extract_function_from_code(*func_code)([s])

    def _extract_signature_timestamp(self, video_id, player_url, ytcfg=None, fatal=False):
        """
        Extract signatureTimestamp (sts)
        Required to tell API what sig/player version is in use.
        """
        sts = None
        if isinstance(ytcfg, dict):
            sts = int_or_none(ytcfg.get('STS'))

        if not sts:
            # Attempt to extract from player
            if player_url is None:
                error_msg = 'Cannot extract signature timestamp without player_url.'
                if fatal:
                    raise ExtractorError(error_msg)
                self.report_warning(error_msg)
                return
            code = self._load_player(video_id, player_url, fatal=fatal)
            if code:
                sts = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                    r'(?:signatureTimestamp|sts)\s*:\s*(?P<sts>[0-9]{5})', code,
                    'JS player signature timestamp', group='sts', fatal=fatal))
        return sts

    def _mark_watched(self, video_id, player_responses):
        playback_url = get_first(
            player_responses, ('playbackTracking', 'videostatsPlaybackUrl', 'baseUrl'),
            expected_type=url_or_none)
        if not playback_url:
            self.report_warning('Unable to mark watched')
            return
        parsed_playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(playback_url)
        qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_playback_url.query)

        # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
        # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
        CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
        cpn = ''.join((CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(0, 16)))

        qs.update({
            'ver': ['2'],
            'cpn': [cpn],
        })
        playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
            parsed_playback_url._replace(query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))

        self._download_webpage(
            playback_url, video_id, 'Marking watched',
            'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_urls(webpage):
        # Embedded YouTube player
        entries = [
            unescapeHTML(mobj.group('url'))
            for mobj in re.finditer(r'''(?x)
            (?:
                <iframe[^>]+?src=|
                data-video-url=|
                <embed[^>]+?src=|
                embedSWF\(?:\s*|
                <object[^>]+data=|
                new\s+SWFObject\(
            )
            (["\'])
                (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
                (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
            \1''', webpage)]

        # lazyYT YouTube embed
        entries.extend(list(map(
            unescapeHTML,
            re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage))))

        # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
        matches = re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
            class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
            data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage)
        entries.extend(m[-1] for m in matches)

        return entries

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_url(webpage):
        urls = YoutubeIE._extract_urls(webpage)
        return urls[0] if urls else None

    @classmethod
    def extract_id(cls, url):
        mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
        if mobj is None:
            raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
        return mobj.group('id')

    def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, data, duration):
        chapter_list = traverse_obj(
            data, (
                'playerOverlays', 'playerOverlayRenderer', 'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer',
                'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer', 'playerBar', 'chapteredPlayerBarRenderer', 'chapters'
            ), expected_type=list)

        return self._extract_chapters(
            chapter_list,
            chapter_time=lambda chapter: float_or_none(
                traverse_obj(chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'timeRangeStartMillis')), scale=1000),
            chapter_title=lambda chapter: traverse_obj(
                chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'title', 'simpleText'), expected_type=str),
            duration=duration)

    def _extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(self, data, duration):
        content_list = traverse_obj(
            data,
            ('engagementPanels', ..., 'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'content', 'macroMarkersListRenderer', 'contents'),
            expected_type=list, default=[])
        chapter_time = lambda chapter: parse_duration(self._get_text(chapter, 'timeDescription'))
        chapter_title = lambda chapter: self._get_text(chapter, 'title')

        return next((
            filter(None, (
                self._extract_chapters(
                    traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'macroMarkersListItemRenderer')),
                    chapter_time, chapter_title, duration)
                for contents in content_list
            ))), [])

    def _extract_chapters(self, chapter_list, chapter_time, chapter_title, duration):
        chapters = []
        last_chapter = {'start_time': 0}
        for idx, chapter in enumerate(chapter_list or []):
            title = chapter_title(chapter)
            start_time = chapter_time(chapter)
            if start_time is None:
                continue
            last_chapter['end_time'] = start_time
            if start_time < last_chapter['start_time']:
                if idx == 1:
                    chapters.pop()
                    self.report_warning('Invalid start time for chapter "%s"' % last_chapter['title'])
                else:
                    self.report_warning(f'Invalid start time for chapter "{title}"')
                    continue
            last_chapter = {'start_time': start_time, 'title': title}
            chapters.append(last_chapter)
        last_chapter['end_time'] = duration
        return chapters

    def _extract_yt_initial_variable(self, webpage, regex, video_id, name):
        return self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
            (r'%s\s*%s' % (regex, self._YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE),
             regex), webpage, name, default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False)

    def _extract_comment(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
        comment_id = comment_renderer.get('commentId')
        if not comment_id:
            return

        text = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'contentText')

        # note: timestamp is an estimate calculated from the current time and time_text
        timestamp, time_text = self._extract_time_text(comment_renderer, 'publishedTimeText')
        author = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'authorText')
        author_id = try_get(comment_renderer,
                            lambda x: x['authorEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], compat_str)

        votes = parse_count(try_get(comment_renderer, (lambda x: x['voteCount']['simpleText'],
                                                       lambda x: x['likeCount']), compat_str)) or 0
        author_thumbnail = try_get(comment_renderer,
                                   lambda x: x['authorThumbnail']['thumbnails'][-1]['url'], compat_str)

        author_is_uploader = try_get(comment_renderer, lambda x: x['authorIsChannelOwner'], bool)
        is_favorited = 'creatorHeart' in (try_get(
            comment_renderer, lambda x: x['actionButtons']['commentActionButtonsRenderer'], dict) or {})
        return {
            'id': comment_id,
            'text': text,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'time_text': time_text,
            'like_count': votes,
            'is_favorited': is_favorited,
            'author': author,
            'author_id': author_id,
            'author_thumbnail': author_thumbnail,
            'author_is_uploader': author_is_uploader,
            'parent': parent or 'root'
        }

    def _comment_entries(self, root_continuation_data, ytcfg, video_id, parent=None, tracker=None):

        get_single_config_arg = lambda c: self._configuration_arg(c, [''])[0]

        def extract_header(contents):
            _continuation = None
            for content in contents:
                comments_header_renderer = traverse_obj(content, 'commentsHeaderRenderer')
                expected_comment_count = self._get_count(
                    comments_header_renderer, 'countText', 'commentsCount')

                if expected_comment_count:
                    tracker['est_total'] = expected_comment_count
                    self.to_screen(f'Downloading ~{expected_comment_count} comments')
                comment_sort_index = int(get_single_config_arg('comment_sort') != 'top')  # 1 = new, 0 = top

                sort_menu_item = try_get(
                    comments_header_renderer,
                    lambda x: x['sortMenu']['sortFilterSubMenuRenderer']['subMenuItems'][comment_sort_index], dict) or {}
                sort_continuation_ep = sort_menu_item.get('serviceEndpoint') or {}

                _continuation = self._extract_continuation_ep_data(sort_continuation_ep) or self._extract_continuation(sort_menu_item)
                if not _continuation:
                    continue

                sort_text = str_or_none(sort_menu_item.get('title'))
                if not sort_text:
                    sort_text = 'top comments' if comment_sort_index == 0 else 'newest first'
                self.to_screen('Sorting comments by %s' % sort_text.lower())
                break
            return _continuation

        def extract_thread(contents):
            if not parent:
                tracker['current_page_thread'] = 0
            for content in contents:
                if not parent and tracker['total_parent_comments'] >= max_parents:
                    yield
                comment_thread_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['commentThreadRenderer'])
                comment_renderer = get_first(
                    (comment_thread_renderer, content), [['commentRenderer', ('comment', 'commentRenderer')]],
                    expected_type=dict, default={})

                comment = self._extract_comment(comment_renderer, parent)
                if not comment:
                    continue

                tracker['running_total'] += 1
                tracker['total_reply_comments' if parent else 'total_parent_comments'] += 1
                yield comment

                # Attempt to get the replies
                comment_replies_renderer = try_get(
                    comment_thread_renderer, lambda x: x['replies']['commentRepliesRenderer'], dict)

                if comment_replies_renderer:
                    tracker['current_page_thread'] += 1
                    comment_entries_iter = self._comment_entries(
                        comment_replies_renderer, ytcfg, video_id,
                        parent=comment.get('id'), tracker=tracker)
                    for reply_comment in itertools.islice(comment_entries_iter, min(max_replies_per_thread, max(0, max_replies - tracker['total_reply_comments']))):
                        yield reply_comment

        # Keeps track of counts across recursive calls
        if not tracker:
            tracker = dict(
                running_total=0,
                est_total=0,
                current_page_thread=0,
                total_parent_comments=0,
                total_reply_comments=0)

        # TODO: Deprecated
        # YouTube comments have a max depth of 2
        max_depth = int_or_none(get_single_config_arg('max_comment_depth'))
        if max_depth:
            self._downloader.deprecation_warning(
                '[youtube] max_comment_depth extractor argument is deprecated. Set max replies in the max-comments extractor argument instead.')
        if max_depth == 1 and parent:
            return

        max_comments, max_parents, max_replies, max_replies_per_thread, *_ = map(
            lambda p: int_or_none(p, default=sys.maxsize), self._configuration_arg('max_comments', ) + [''] * 4)

        continuation = self._extract_continuation(root_continuation_data)
        message = self._get_text(root_continuation_data, ('contents', ..., 'messageRenderer', 'text'), max_runs=1)
        if message and not parent:
            self.report_warning(message, video_id=video_id)

        response = None
        is_first_continuation = parent is None

        for page_num in itertools.count(0):
            if not continuation:
                break
            headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response))
            comment_prog_str = f"({tracker['running_total']}/{tracker['est_total']})"
            if page_num == 0:
                if is_first_continuation:
                    note_prefix = 'Downloading comment section API JSON'
                else:
                    note_prefix = '    Downloading comment API JSON reply thread %d %s' % (
                        tracker['current_page_thread'], comment_prog_str)
            else:
                note_prefix = '%sDownloading comment%s API JSON page %d %s' % (
                    '       ' if parent else '', ' replies' if parent else '',
                    page_num, comment_prog_str)

            response = self._extract_response(
                item_id=None, query=continuation,
                ep='next', ytcfg=ytcfg, headers=headers, note=note_prefix,
                check_get_keys='onResponseReceivedEndpoints')

            continuation_contents = traverse_obj(
                response, 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints', expected_type=list, default=[])

            continuation = None
            for continuation_section in continuation_contents:
                continuation_items = traverse_obj(
                    continuation_section,
                    (('reloadContinuationItemsCommand', 'appendContinuationItemsAction'), 'continuationItems'),
                    get_all=False, expected_type=list) or []
                if is_first_continuation:
                    continuation = extract_header(continuation_items)
                    is_first_continuation = False
                    if continuation:
                        break
                    continue

                for entry in extract_thread(continuation_items):
                    if not entry:
                        return
                    yield entry
                continuation = self._extract_continuation({'contents': continuation_items})
                if continuation:
                    break

    def _get_comments(self, ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage):
        """Entry for comment extraction"""
        def _real_comment_extract(contents):
            renderer = next((
                item for item in traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'itemSectionRenderer'), default={})
                if item.get('sectionIdentifier') == 'comment-item-section'), None)
            yield from self._comment_entries(renderer, ytcfg, video_id)

        max_comments = int_or_none(self._configuration_arg('max_comments', [''])[0])
        return itertools.islice(_real_comment_extract(contents), 0, max_comments)

    @staticmethod
    def _get_checkok_params():
        return {'contentCheckOk': True, 'racyCheckOk': True}

    @classmethod
    def _generate_player_context(cls, sts=None):
        context = {
            'html5Preference': 'HTML5_PREF_WANTS',
        }
        if sts is not None:
            context['signatureTimestamp'] = sts
        return {
            'playbackContext': {
                'contentPlaybackContext': context
            },
            **cls._get_checkok_params()
        }

    @staticmethod
    def _is_agegated(player_response):
        if traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'desktopLegacyAgeGateReason')):
            return True

        reasons = traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', ('status', 'reason')), default=[])
        AGE_GATE_REASONS = (
            'confirm your age', 'age-restricted', 'inappropriate',  # reason
            'age_verification_required', 'age_check_required',  # status
        )
        return any(expected in reason for expected in AGE_GATE_REASONS for reason in reasons)

    @staticmethod
    def _is_unplayable(player_response):
        return traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'status')) == 'UNPLAYABLE'

    def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, player_url, initial_pr):

        session_index = self._extract_session_index(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg)
        syncid = self._extract_account_syncid(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg, initial_pr)
        sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, master_ytcfg, fatal=False) if player_url else None
        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
            ytcfg=player_ytcfg, account_syncid=syncid, session_index=session_index, default_client=client)

        yt_query = {'videoId': video_id}
        yt_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
        return self._extract_response(
            item_id=video_id, ep='player', query=yt_query,
            ytcfg=player_ytcfg, headers=headers, fatal=True,
            default_client=client,
            note='Downloading %s player API JSON' % client.replace('_', ' ').strip()
        ) or None

    def _get_requested_clients(self, url, smuggled_data):
        requested_clients = []
        default = ['android', 'web']
        allowed_clients = sorted(
            [client for client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS.keys() if client[:1] != '_'],
            key=lambda client: INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['priority'], reverse=True)
        for client in self._configuration_arg('player_client'):
            if client in allowed_clients:
                requested_clients.append(client)
            elif client == 'default':
                requested_clients.extend(default)
            elif client == 'all':
                requested_clients.extend(allowed_clients)
            else:
                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unsupported client {client}')
        if not requested_clients:
            requested_clients = default

        if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url') or self.is_music_url(url):
            requested_clients.extend(
                f'{client}_music' for client in requested_clients if f'{client}_music' in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS)

        return orderedSet(requested_clients)

    def _extract_player_ytcfg(self, client, video_id):
        url = {
            'web_music': 'https://music.youtube.com',
            'web_embedded': f'https://www.youtube.com/embed/{video_id}?html5=1'
        }.get(client)
        if not url:
            return {}
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, fatal=False, note='Downloading %s config' % client.replace('_', ' ').strip())
        return self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or {}

    def _extract_player_responses(self, clients, video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg):
        initial_pr = None
        if webpage:
            initial_pr = self._extract_yt_initial_variable(
                webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE,
                video_id, 'initial player response')

        all_clients = set(clients)
        clients = clients[::-1]
        prs = []

        def append_client(*client_names):
            """ Append the first client name that exists but not already used """
            for client_name in client_names:
                actual_client = _split_innertube_client(client_name)[0]
                if actual_client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS:
                    if actual_client not in all_clients:
                        clients.append(client_name)
                        all_clients.add(actual_client)
                        return

        # Android player_response does not have microFormats which are needed for
        # extraction of some data. So we return the initial_pr with formats
        # stripped out even if not requested by the user
        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/501
        if initial_pr:
            pr = dict(initial_pr)
            pr['streamingData'] = None
            prs.append(pr)

        last_error = None
        tried_iframe_fallback = False
        player_url = None
        while clients:
            client, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(clients.pop())
            player_ytcfg = master_ytcfg if client == 'web' else {}
            if 'configs' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
                player_ytcfg = self._extract_player_ytcfg(client, video_id) or player_ytcfg

            player_url = player_url or self._extract_player_url(master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, webpage=webpage)
            require_js_player = self._get_default_ytcfg(client).get('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER')
            if 'js' in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
                require_js_player = False
                player_url = None

            if not player_url and not tried_iframe_fallback and require_js_player:
                player_url = self._download_player_url(video_id)
                tried_iframe_fallback = True

            try:
                pr = initial_pr if client == 'web' and initial_pr else self._extract_player_response(
                    client, video_id, player_ytcfg or master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, player_url if require_js_player else None, initial_pr)
            except ExtractorError as e:
                if last_error:
                    self.report_warning(last_error)
                last_error = e
                continue

            if pr:
                prs.append(pr)

            # creator clients can bypass AGE_VERIFICATION_REQUIRED if logged in
            if variant == 'embedded' and self._is_unplayable(pr) and self.is_authenticated:
                append_client(f'{base_client}_creator')
            elif self._is_agegated(pr):
                if variant == 'tv_embedded':
                    append_client(f'{base_client}_embedded')
                elif not variant:
                    append_client(f'tv_embedded.{base_client}', f'{base_client}_embedded')

        if last_error:
            if not len(prs):
                raise last_error
            self.report_warning(last_error)
        return prs, player_url

    def _extract_formats(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live, duration):
        itags, stream_ids = {}, []
        itag_qualities, res_qualities = {}, {}
        q = qualities([
            # Normally tiny is the smallest video-only formats. But
            # audio-only formats with unknown quality may get tagged as tiny
            'tiny',
            'audio_quality_ultralow', 'audio_quality_low', 'audio_quality_medium', 'audio_quality_high',  # Audio only formats
            'small', 'medium', 'large', 'hd720', 'hd1080', 'hd1440', 'hd2160', 'hd2880', 'highres'
        ])
        streaming_formats = traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., ('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ...), default=[])

        for fmt in streaming_formats:
            if fmt.get('targetDurationSec'):
                continue

            itag = str_or_none(fmt.get('itag'))
            audio_track = fmt.get('audioTrack') or {}
            stream_id = '%s.%s' % (itag or '', audio_track.get('id', ''))
            if stream_id in stream_ids:
                continue

            quality = fmt.get('quality')
            height = int_or_none(fmt.get('height'))
            if quality == 'tiny' or not quality:
                quality = fmt.get('audioQuality', '').lower() or quality
            # The 3gp format (17) in android client has a quality of "small",
            # but is actually worse than other formats
            if itag == '17':
                quality = 'tiny'
            if quality:
                if itag:
                    itag_qualities[itag] = quality
                if height:
                    res_qualities[height] = quality
            # FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF(otf=1) requires downloading the init fragment
            # (adding `&sq=0` to the URL) and parsing emsg box to determine the
            # number of fragment that would subsequently requested with (`&sq=N`)
            if fmt.get('type') == 'FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF':
                continue

            fmt_url = fmt.get('url')
            if not fmt_url:
                sc = compat_parse_qs(fmt.get('signatureCipher'))
                fmt_url = url_or_none(try_get(sc, lambda x: x['url'][0]))
                encrypted_sig = try_get(sc, lambda x: x['s'][0])
                if not (sc and fmt_url and encrypted_sig):
                    continue
                if not player_url:
                    continue
                signature = self._decrypt_signature(sc['s'][0], video_id, player_url)
                sp = try_get(sc, lambda x: x['sp'][0]) or 'signature'
                fmt_url += '&' + sp + '=' + signature

            query = parse_qs(fmt_url)
            throttled = False
            if query.get('n'):
                try:
                    fmt_url = update_url_query(fmt_url, {
                        'n': self._decrypt_nsig(query['n'][0], video_id, player_url)})
                except ExtractorError as e:
                    self.report_warning(
                        f'nsig extraction failed: You may experience throttling for some formats\n'
                        f'n = {query["n"][0]} ; player = {player_url}\n{e}', only_once=True)
                    throttled = True

            if itag:
                itags[itag] = 'https'
                stream_ids.append(stream_id)

            tbr = float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)
            language_preference = (
                10 if audio_track.get('audioIsDefault') and 10
                else -10 if 'descriptive' in (audio_track.get('displayName') or '').lower() and -10
                else -1)
            # Some formats may have much smaller duration than others (possibly damaged during encoding)
            # Eg: 2-nOtRESiUc Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2823
            # Make sure to avoid false positives with small duration differences.
            # Eg: __2ABJjxzNo, ySuUZEjARPY
            is_damaged = try_get(fmt, lambda x: float(x['approxDurationMs']) / duration < 500)
            if is_damaged:
                self.report_warning(f'{video_id}: Some formats are possibly damaged. They will be deprioritized', only_once=True)
            dct = {
                'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
                'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
                'format_id': itag,
                'format_note': join_nonempty(
                    '%s%s' % (audio_track.get('displayName') or '',
                              ' (default)' if language_preference > 0 else ''),
                    fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality.replace('audio_quality_', ''),
                    throttled and 'THROTTLED', is_damaged and 'DAMAGED', delim=', '),
                'source_preference': -10 if throttled else -1,
                'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')) or None,
                'height': height,
                'quality': q(quality),
                'has_drm': bool(fmt.get('drmFamilies')),
                'tbr': tbr,
                'url': fmt_url,
                'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
                'language': join_nonempty(audio_track.get('id', '').split('.')[0],
                                          'desc' if language_preference < -1 else ''),
                'language_preference': language_preference,
                # Strictly de-prioritize damaged and 3gp formats
                'preference': -10 if is_damaged else -2 if itag == '17' else None,
            }
            mime_mobj = re.match(
                r'((?:[^/]+)/(?:[^;]+))(?:;\s*codecs="([^"]+)")?', fmt.get('mimeType') or '')
            if mime_mobj:
                dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(mime_mobj.group(1))
                dct.update(parse_codecs(mime_mobj.group(2)))
            no_audio = dct.get('acodec') == 'none'
            no_video = dct.get('vcodec') == 'none'
            if no_audio:
                dct['vbr'] = tbr
            if no_video:
                dct['abr'] = tbr
            if no_audio or no_video:
                dct['downloader_options'] = {
                    # Youtube throttles chunks >~10M
                    'http_chunk_size': 10485760,
                }
                if dct.get('ext'):
                    dct['container'] = dct['ext'] + '_dash'
            yield dct

        live_from_start = is_live and self.get_param('live_from_start')
        skip_manifests = self._configuration_arg('skip')
        if not self.get_param('youtube_include_hls_manifest', True):
            skip_manifests.append('hls')
        get_dash = 'dash' not in skip_manifests and (
            not is_live or live_from_start or self._configuration_arg('include_live_dash'))
        get_hls = not live_from_start and 'hls' not in skip_manifests

        def process_manifest_format(f, proto, itag):
            if itag in itags:
                if itags[itag] == proto or f'{itag}-{proto}' in itags:
                    return False
                itag = f'{itag}-{proto}'
            if itag:
                f['format_id'] = itag
                itags[itag] = proto

            f['quality'] = next((
                q(qdict[val])
                for val, qdict in ((f.get('format_id', '').split('-')[0], itag_qualities), (f.get('height'), res_qualities))
                if val in qdict), -1)
            return True

        for sd in streaming_data:
            hls_manifest_url = get_hls and sd.get('hlsManifestUrl')
            if hls_manifest_url:
                for f in self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False):
                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'hls', self._search_regex(
                            r'/itag/(\d+)', f['url'], 'itag', default=None)):
                        yield f

            dash_manifest_url = get_dash and sd.get('dashManifestUrl')
            if dash_manifest_url:
                for f in self._extract_mpd_formats(dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False):
                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'dash', f['format_id']):
                        f['filesize'] = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                            r'/clen/(\d+)', f.get('fragment_base_url') or f['url'], 'file size', default=None))
                        if live_from_start:
                            f['is_from_start'] = True

                        yield f

    def _extract_storyboard(self, player_responses, duration):
        spec = get_first(
            player_responses, ('storyboards', 'playerStoryboardSpecRenderer', 'spec'), default='').split('|')[::-1]
        base_url = url_or_none(urljoin('https://i.ytimg.com/', spec.pop() or None))
        if not base_url:
            return
        L = len(spec) - 1
        for i, args in enumerate(spec):
            args = args.split('#')
            counts = list(map(int_or_none, args[:5]))
            if len(args) != 8 or not all(counts):
                self.report_warning(f'Malformed storyboard {i}: {"#".join(args)}{bug_reports_message()}')
                continue
            width, height, frame_count, cols, rows = counts
            N, sigh = args[6:]

            url = base_url.replace('$L', str(L - i)).replace('$N', N) + f'&sigh={sigh}'
            fragment_count = frame_count / (cols * rows)
            fragment_duration = duration / fragment_count
            yield {
                'format_id': f'sb{i}',
                'format_note': 'storyboard',
                'ext': 'mhtml',
                'protocol': 'mhtml',
                'acodec': 'none',
                'vcodec': 'none',
                'url': url,
                'width': width,
                'height': height,
                'fragments': [{
                    'url': url.replace('$M', str(j)),
                    'duration': min(fragment_duration, duration - (j * fragment_duration)),
                } for j in range(math.ceil(fragment_count))],
            }

    def _download_player_responses(self, url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url):
        webpage = None
        if 'webpage' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
            webpage = self._download_webpage(
                webpage_url + '&bpctr=9999999999&has_verified=1', video_id, fatal=False)

        master_ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or self._get_default_ytcfg()

        player_responses, player_url = self._extract_player_responses(
            self._get_requested_clients(url, smuggled_data),
            video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg)

        return webpage, master_ytcfg, player_responses, player_url

    def _list_formats(self, video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses, player_url, duration=None):
        live_broadcast_details = traverse_obj(microformats, (..., 'liveBroadcastDetails'))
        is_live = get_first(video_details, 'isLive')
        if is_live is None:
            is_live = get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'isLiveNow')

        streaming_data = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'streamingData'), default=[])
        formats = list(self._extract_formats(streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live, duration))

        return live_broadcast_details, is_live, streaming_data, formats

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
        video_id = self._match_id(url)

        base_url = self.http_scheme() + '//www.youtube.com/'
        webpage_url = base_url + 'watch?v=' + video_id

        webpage, master_ytcfg, player_responses, player_url = self._download_player_responses(url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url)

        playability_statuses = traverse_obj(
            player_responses, (..., 'playabilityStatus'), expected_type=dict, default=[])

        trailer_video_id = get_first(
            playability_statuses,
            ('errorScreen', 'playerLegacyDesktopYpcTrailerRenderer', 'trailerVideoId'),
            expected_type=str)
        if trailer_video_id:
            return self.url_result(
                trailer_video_id, self.ie_key(), trailer_video_id)

        search_meta = ((lambda x: self._html_search_meta(x, webpage, default=None))
                       if webpage else (lambda x: None))

        video_details = traverse_obj(
            player_responses, (..., 'videoDetails'), expected_type=dict, default=[])
        microformats = traverse_obj(
            player_responses, (..., 'microformat', 'playerMicroformatRenderer'),
            expected_type=dict, default=[])
        video_title = (
            get_first(video_details, 'title')
            or self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'title'))
            or search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title', 'title']))
        video_description = get_first(video_details, 'shortDescription')

        multifeed_metadata_list = get_first(
            player_responses,
            ('multicamera', 'playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer', 'metadataList'),
            expected_type=str)
        if multifeed_metadata_list and not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed'):
            if self.get_param('noplaylist'):
                self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
            else:
                entries = []
                feed_ids = []
                for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
                    # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
                    # fields may contain comma as well (see
                    # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
                    feed_data = compat_parse_qs(
                        compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))

                    def feed_entry(name):
                        return try_get(
                            feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], compat_str)

                    feed_id = feed_entry('id')
                    if not feed_id:
                        continue
                    feed_title = feed_entry('title')
                    title = video_title
                    if feed_title:
                        title += ' (%s)' % feed_title
                    entries.append({
                        '_type': 'url_transparent',
                        'ie_key': 'Youtube',
                        'url': smuggle_url(
                            '%swatch?v=%s' % (base_url, feed_data['id'][0]),
                            {'force_singlefeed': True}),
                        'title': title,
                    })
                    feed_ids.append(feed_id)
                self.to_screen(
                    'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
                    % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
                return self.playlist_result(
                    entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)

        duration = int_or_none(
            get_first(video_details, 'lengthSeconds')
            or get_first(microformats, 'lengthSeconds')
            or parse_duration(search_meta('duration'))) or None

        live_broadcast_details, is_live, streaming_data, formats = self._list_formats(
            video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses, player_url, duration)

        if not formats:
            if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., 'licenseInfos')):
                self.report_drm(video_id)
            pemr = get_first(
                playability_statuses,
                ('errorScreen', 'playerErrorMessageRenderer'), expected_type=dict) or {}
            reason = self._get_text(pemr, 'reason') or get_first(playability_statuses, 'reason')
            subreason = clean_html(self._get_text(pemr, 'subreason') or '')
            if subreason:
                if subreason == 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.':
                    countries = get_first(microformats, 'availableCountries')
                    if not countries:
                        regions_allowed = search_meta('regionsAllowed')
                        countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
                    self.raise_geo_restricted(subreason, countries, metadata_available=True)
                reason += f'. {subreason}'
            if reason:
                self.raise_no_formats(reason, expected=True)

        keywords = get_first(video_details, 'keywords', expected_type=list) or []
        if not keywords and webpage:
            keywords = [
                unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
                for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), webpage)]
        for keyword in keywords:
            if keyword.startswith('yt:stretch='):
                mobj = re.search(r'(\d+)\s*:\s*(\d+)', keyword)
                if mobj:
                    # NB: float is intentional for forcing float division
                    w, h = (float(v) for v in mobj.groups())
                    if w > 0 and h > 0:
                        ratio = w / h
                        for f in formats:
                            if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
                                f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
                        break
        thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails((video_details, microformats), (..., ..., 'thumbnail'))
        thumbnail_url = search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'])
        if thumbnail_url:
            thumbnails.append({
                'url': thumbnail_url,
            })
        original_thumbnails = thumbnails.copy()

        # The best resolution thumbnails sometimes does not appear in the webpage
        # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29049, https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/340
        # List of possible thumbnails - Ref: <https://stackoverflow.com/a/20542029>
        thumbnail_names = [
            'maxresdefault', 'hq720', 'sddefault', 'sd1', 'sd2', 'sd3',
            'hqdefault', 'hq1', 'hq2', 'hq3', '0',
            'mqdefault', 'mq1', 'mq2', 'mq3',
            'default', '1', '2', '3'
        ]
        n_thumbnail_names = len(thumbnail_names)
        thumbnails.extend({
            'url': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi{webp}/{video_id}/{name}{live}.{ext}'.format(
                video_id=video_id, name=name, ext=ext,
                webp='_webp' if ext == 'webp' else '', live='_live' if is_live else ''),
        } for name in thumbnail_names for ext in ('webp', 'jpg'))
        for thumb in thumbnails:
            i = next((i for i, t in enumerate(thumbnail_names) if f'/{video_id}/{t}' in thumb['url']), n_thumbnail_names)
            thumb['preference'] = (0 if '.webp' in thumb['url'] else -1) - (2 * i)
        self._remove_duplicate_formats(thumbnails)
        self._downloader._sort_thumbnails(original_thumbnails)

        category = get_first(microformats, 'category') or search_meta('genre')
        channel_id = str_or_none(
            get_first(video_details, 'channelId')
            or get_first(microformats, 'externalChannelId')
            or search_meta('channelId'))
        owner_profile_url = get_first(microformats, 'ownerProfileUrl')

        live_content = get_first(video_details, 'isLiveContent')
        is_upcoming = get_first(video_details, 'isUpcoming')
        if is_live is None:
            if is_upcoming or live_content is False:
                is_live = False
        if is_upcoming is None and (live_content or is_live):
            is_upcoming = False
        live_start_time = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'startTimestamp'))
        live_end_time = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'endTimestamp'))
        if not duration and live_end_time and live_start_time:
            duration = live_end_time - live_start_time

        if is_live and self.get_param('live_from_start'):
            self._prepare_live_from_start_formats(formats, video_id, live_start_time, url, webpage_url, smuggled_data)

        formats.extend(self._extract_storyboard(player_responses, duration))

        # Source is given priority since formats that throttle are given lower source_preference
        # When throttling issue is fully fixed, remove this
        self._sort_formats(formats, ('quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'codec:vp9.2', 'lang', 'proto'))

        info = {
            'id': video_id,
            'title': video_title,
            'formats': formats,
            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
            # The best thumbnail that we are sure exists. Prevents unnecessary
            # URL checking if user don't care about getting the best possible thumbnail
            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(original_thumbnails, (-1, 'url')),
            'description': video_description,
            'uploader': get_first(video_details, 'author'),
            'uploader_id': self._search_regex(r'/(?:channel|user)/([^/?&#]+)', owner_profile_url, 'uploader id') if owner_profile_url else None,
            'uploader_url': owner_profile_url,
            'channel_id': channel_id,
            'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, template='https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s'),
            'duration': duration,
            'view_count': int_or_none(
                get_first((video_details, microformats), (..., 'viewCount'))
                or search_meta('interactionCount')),
            'average_rating': float_or_none(get_first(video_details, 'averageRating')),
            'age_limit': 18 if (
                get_first(microformats, 'isFamilySafe') is False
                or search_meta('isFamilyFriendly') == 'false'
                or search_meta('og:restrictions:age') == '18+') else 0,
            'webpage_url': webpage_url,
            'categories': [category] if category else None,
            'tags': keywords,
            'playable_in_embed': get_first(playability_statuses, 'playableInEmbed'),
            'is_live': is_live,
            'was_live': (False if is_live or is_upcoming or live_content is False
                         else None if is_live is None or is_upcoming is None
                         else live_content),
            'live_status': 'is_upcoming' if is_upcoming else None,  # rest will be set by YoutubeDL
            'release_timestamp': live_start_time,
        }

        pctr = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
        if pctr:
            def get_lang_code(track):
                return (remove_start(track.get('vssId') or '', '.').replace('.', '-')
                        or track.get('languageCode'))

            # Converted into dicts to remove duplicates
            captions = {
                get_lang_code(sub): sub
                for sub in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'captionTracks', ...), default=[])}
            translation_languages = {
                lang.get('languageCode'): self._get_text(lang.get('languageName'), max_runs=1)
                for lang in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'translationLanguages', ...), default=[])}

            def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                lang_subs = container.setdefault(lang_code, [])
                for fmt in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
                    query.update({
                        'fmt': fmt,
                    })
                    lang_subs.append({
                        'ext': fmt,
                        'url': urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', update_url_query(base_url, query)),
                        'name': sub_name,
                    })

            subtitles, automatic_captions = {}, {}
            for lang_code, caption_track in captions.items():
                base_url = caption_track.get('baseUrl')
                orig_lang = parse_qs(base_url).get('lang', [None])[-1]
                if not base_url:
                    continue
                lang_name = self._get_text(caption_track, 'name', max_runs=1)
                if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
                    if not lang_code:
                        continue
                    process_language(
                        subtitles, base_url, lang_code, lang_name, {})
                    if not caption_track.get('isTranslatable'):
                        continue
                for trans_code, trans_name in translation_languages.items():
                    if not trans_code:
                        continue
                    orig_trans_code = trans_code
                    if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
                        if 'translated_subs' in self._configuration_arg('skip'):
                            continue
                        trans_code += f'-{lang_code}'
                        trans_name += format_field(lang_name, template=' from %s')
                    # Add an "-orig" label to the original language so that it can be distinguished.
                    # The subs are returned without "-orig" as well for compatibility
                    if lang_code == f'a-{orig_trans_code}':
                        process_language(
                            automatic_captions, base_url, f'{trans_code}-orig', f'{trans_name} (Original)', {})
                    # Setting tlang=lang returns damaged subtitles.
                    process_language(automatic_captions, base_url, trans_code, trans_name,
                                     {} if orig_lang == orig_trans_code else {'tlang': trans_code})
            info['automatic_captions'] = automatic_captions
            info['subtitles'] = subtitles

        parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
        for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
            query = compat_parse_qs(component)
            for k, v in query.items():
                for d_k, s_ks in [('start', ('start', 't')), ('end', ('end',))]:
                    d_k += '_time'
                    if d_k not in info and k in s_ks:
                        info[d_k] = parse_duration(query[k][0])

        # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
        if video_description:
            mobj = re.search(r'(?s)(?P<track>[^·\n]+)·(?P<artist>[^\n]+)\n+(?P<album>[^\n]+)(?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?(?:.+?Released on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?(.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))?.+\nAuto-generated by YouTube\.\s*$', video_description)
            if mobj:
                release_year = mobj.group('release_year')
                release_date = mobj.group('release_date')
                if release_date:
                    release_date = release_date.replace('-', '')
                    if not release_year:
                        release_year = release_date[:4]
                info.update({
                    'album': mobj.group('album'.strip()),
                    'artist': mobj.group('clean_artist') or ', '.join(a.strip() for a in mobj.group('artist').split('·')),
                    'track': mobj.group('track').strip(),
                    'release_date': release_date,
                    'release_year': int_or_none(release_year),
                })

        initial_data = None
        if webpage:
            initial_data = self._extract_yt_initial_variable(
                webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, video_id,
                'yt initial data')
        if not initial_data:
            query = {'videoId': video_id}
            query.update(self._get_checkok_params())
            initial_data = self._extract_response(
                item_id=video_id, ep='next', fatal=False,
                ytcfg=master_ytcfg, query=query,
                headers=self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=master_ytcfg),
                note='Downloading initial data API JSON')

        try:
            # This will error if there is no livechat
            initial_data['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['conversationBar']['liveChatRenderer']['continuations'][0]['reloadContinuationData']['continuation']
            info.setdefault('subtitles', {})['live_chat'] = [{
                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,  # url is needed to set cookies
                'video_id': video_id,
                'ext': 'json',
                'protocol': 'youtube_live_chat' if is_live or is_upcoming else 'youtube_live_chat_replay',
            }]
        except (KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
            pass

        if initial_data:
            info['chapters'] = (
                self._extract_chapters_from_json(initial_data, duration)
                or self._extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(initial_data, duration)
                or None)

        contents = traverse_obj(
            initial_data, ('contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'results', 'results', 'contents'),
            expected_type=list, default=[])

        vpir = get_first(contents, 'videoPrimaryInfoRenderer')
        if vpir:
            stl = vpir.get('superTitleLink')
            if stl:
                stl = self._get_text(stl)
                if try_get(
                        vpir,
                        lambda x: x['superTitleIcon']['iconType']) == 'LOCATION_PIN':
                    info['location'] = stl
                else:
                    mobj = re.search(r'(.+?)\s*S(\d+)\s*•\s*E(\d+)', stl)
                    if mobj:
                        info.update({
                            'series': mobj.group(1),
                            'season_number': int(mobj.group(2)),
                            'episode_number': int(mobj.group(3)),
                        })
            for tlb in (try_get(
                    vpir,
                    lambda x: x['videoActions']['menuRenderer']['topLevelButtons'],
                    list) or []):
                tbr = tlb.get('toggleButtonRenderer') or {}
                for getter, regex in [(
                        lambda x: x['defaultText']['accessibility']['accessibilityData'],
                        r'(?P<count>[\d,]+)\s*(?P<type>(?:dis)?like)'), ([
                            lambda x: x['accessibility'],
                            lambda x: x['accessibilityData']['accessibilityData'],
                        ], r'(?P<type>(?:dis)?like) this video along with (?P<count>[\d,]+) other people')]:
                    label = (try_get(tbr, getter, dict) or {}).get('label')
                    if label:
                        mobj = re.match(regex, label)
                        if mobj:
                            info[mobj.group('type') + '_count'] = str_to_int(mobj.group('count'))
                            break
            sbr_tooltip = try_get(
                vpir, lambda x: x['sentimentBar']['sentimentBarRenderer']['tooltip'])
            if sbr_tooltip:
                like_count, dislike_count = sbr_tooltip.split(' / ')
                info.update({
                    'like_count': str_to_int(like_count),
                    'dislike_count': str_to_int(dislike_count),
                })
        vsir = get_first(contents, 'videoSecondaryInfoRenderer')
        if vsir:
            vor = traverse_obj(vsir, ('owner', 'videoOwnerRenderer'))
            info.update({
                'channel': self._get_text(vor, 'title'),
                'channel_follower_count': self._get_count(vor, 'subscriberCountText')})

            rows = try_get(
                vsir,
                lambda x: x['metadataRowContainer']['metadataRowContainerRenderer']['rows'],
                list) or []
            multiple_songs = False
            for row in rows:
                if try_get(row, lambda x: x['metadataRowRenderer']['hasDividerLine']) is True:
                    multiple_songs = True
                    break
            for row in rows:
                mrr = row.get('metadataRowRenderer') or {}
                mrr_title = mrr.get('title')
                if not mrr_title:
                    continue
                mrr_title = self._get_text(mrr, 'title')
                mrr_contents_text = self._get_text(mrr, ('contents', 0))
                if mrr_title == 'License':
                    info['license'] = mrr_contents_text
                elif not multiple_songs:
                    if mrr_title == 'Album':
                        info['album'] = mrr_contents_text
                    elif mrr_title == 'Artist':
                        info['artist'] = mrr_contents_text
                    elif mrr_title == 'Song':
                        info['track'] = mrr_contents_text

        fallbacks = {
            'channel': 'uploader',
            'channel_id': 'uploader_id',
            'channel_url': 'uploader_url',
        }

        # The upload date for scheduled, live and past live streams / premieres in microformats
        # may be different from the stream date. Although not in UTC, we will prefer it in this case.
        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/2223#issuecomment-1008485139
        upload_date = (
            unified_strdate(get_first(microformats, 'uploadDate'))
            or unified_strdate(search_meta('uploadDate')))
        if not upload_date or (not info.get('is_live') and not info.get('was_live') and info.get('live_status') != 'is_upcoming'):
            upload_date = strftime_or_none(self._extract_time_text(vpir, 'dateText')[0], '%Y%m%d')
        info['upload_date'] = upload_date

        for to, frm in fallbacks.items():
            if not info.get(to):
                info[to] = info.get(frm)

        for s_k, d_k in [('artist', 'creator'), ('track', 'alt_title')]:
            v = info.get(s_k)
            if v:
                info[d_k] = v

        is_private = get_first(video_details, 'isPrivate', expected_type=bool)
        is_unlisted = get_first(microformats, 'isUnlisted', expected_type=bool)
        is_membersonly = None
        is_premium = None
        if initial_data and is_private is not None:
            is_membersonly = False
            is_premium = False
            contents = try_get(initial_data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['results']['results']['contents'], list) or []
            badge_labels = set()
            for content in contents:
                if not isinstance(content, dict):
                    continue
                badge_labels.update(self._extract_badges(content.get('videoPrimaryInfoRenderer')))
            for badge_label in badge_labels:
                if badge_label.lower() == 'members only':
                    is_membersonly = True
                elif badge_label.lower() == 'premium':
                    is_premium = True
                elif badge_label.lower() == 'unlisted':
                    is_unlisted = True

        info['availability'] = self._availability(
            is_private=is_private,
            needs_premium=is_premium,
            needs_subscription=is_membersonly,
            needs_auth=info['age_limit'] >= 18,
            is_unlisted=None if is_private is None else is_unlisted)

        info['__post_extractor'] = self.extract_comments(master_ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage)

        self.mark_watched(video_id, player_responses)

        return info


class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):

    @staticmethod
    def passthrough_smuggled_data(func):
        def _smuggle(entries, smuggled_data):
            for entry in entries:
                # TODO: Convert URL to music.youtube instead.
                # Do we need to passthrough any other smuggled_data?
                entry['url'] = smuggle_url(entry['url'], smuggled_data)
                yield entry

        @functools.wraps(func)
        def wrapper(self, url):
            url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
            if self.is_music_url(url):
                smuggled_data['is_music_url'] = True
            info_dict = func(self, url, smuggled_data)
            if smuggled_data and info_dict.get('entries'):
                info_dict['entries'] = _smuggle(info_dict['entries'], smuggled_data)
            return info_dict
        return wrapper

    def _extract_channel_id(self, webpage):
        channel_id = self._html_search_meta(
            'channelId', webpage, 'channel id', default=None)
        if channel_id:
            return channel_id
        channel_url = self._html_search_meta(
            ('og:url', 'al:ios:url', 'al:android:url', 'al:web:url',
             'twitter:url', 'twitter:app:url:iphone', 'twitter:app:url:ipad',
             'twitter:app:url:googleplay'), webpage, 'channel url')
        return self._search_regex(
            r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/([^/?#&])+',
            channel_url, 'channel id')

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_basic_item_renderer(item):
        # Modified from _extract_grid_item_renderer
        known_basic_renderers = (
            'playlistRenderer', 'videoRenderer', 'channelRenderer', 'showRenderer'
        )
        for key, renderer in item.items():
            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                continue
            elif key in known_basic_renderers:
                return renderer
            elif key.startswith('grid') and key.endswith('Renderer'):
                return renderer

    def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
        for item in grid_renderer['items']:
            if not isinstance(item, dict):
                continue
            renderer = self._extract_basic_item_renderer(item)
            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                continue
            title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')

            # playlist
            playlist_id = renderer.get('playlistId')
            if playlist_id:
                yield self.url_result(
                    'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id,
                    ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
                    video_title=title)
                continue
            # video
            video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
            if video_id:
                yield self._extract_video(renderer)
                continue
            # channel
            channel_id = renderer.get('channelId')
            if channel_id:
                yield self.url_result(
                    'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % channel_id,
                    ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_title=title)
                continue
            # generic endpoint URL support
            ep_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', try_get(
                renderer, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
                compat_str))
            if ep_url:
                for ie in (YoutubeTabIE, YoutubePlaylistIE, YoutubeIE):
                    if ie.suitable(ep_url):
                        yield self.url_result(
                            ep_url, ie=ie.ie_key(), video_id=ie._match_id(ep_url), video_title=title)
                        break

    def _music_reponsive_list_entry(self, renderer):
        video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('playlistItemData', 'videoId'))
        if video_id:
            return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
                                   ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
        playlist_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'playlistId'))
        if playlist_id:
            video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'))
            if video_id:
                return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}&list={playlist_id}',
                                       ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
            return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
                                   ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
        browse_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId'))
        if browse_id:
            return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/browse/{browse_id}',
                                   ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=browse_id)

    def _shelf_entries_from_content(self, shelf_renderer):
        content = shelf_renderer.get('content')
        if not isinstance(content, dict):
            return
        renderer = content.get('gridRenderer') or content.get('expandedShelfContentsRenderer')
        if renderer:
            # TODO: add support for nested playlists so each shelf is processed
            # as separate playlist
            # TODO: this includes only first N items
            for entry in self._grid_entries(renderer):
                yield entry
        renderer = content.get('horizontalListRenderer')
        if renderer:
            # TODO
            pass

    def _shelf_entries(self, shelf_renderer, skip_channels=False):
        ep = try_get(
            shelf_renderer, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
            compat_str)
        shelf_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', ep)
        if shelf_url:
            # Skipping links to another channels, note that checking for
            # endpoint.commandMetadata.webCommandMetadata.webPageTypwebPageType == WEB_PAGE_TYPE_CHANNEL
            # will not work
            if skip_channels and '/channels?' in shelf_url:
                return
            title = self._get_text(shelf_renderer, 'title')
            yield self.url_result(shelf_url, video_title=title)
        # Shelf may not contain shelf URL, fallback to extraction from content
        for entry in self._shelf_entries_from_content(shelf_renderer):
            yield entry

    def _playlist_entries(self, video_list_renderer):
        for content in video_list_renderer['contents']:
            if not isinstance(content, dict):
                continue
            renderer = content.get('playlistVideoRenderer') or content.get('playlistPanelVideoRenderer')
            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                continue
            video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
            if not video_id:
                continue
            yield self._extract_video(renderer)

    def _rich_entries(self, rich_grid_renderer):
        renderer = try_get(
            rich_grid_renderer, lambda x: x['content']['videoRenderer'], dict) or {}
        video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
        if not video_id:
            return
        yield self._extract_video(renderer)

    def _video_entry(self, video_renderer):
        video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
        if video_id:
            return self._extract_video(video_renderer)

    def _hashtag_tile_entry(self, hashtag_tile_renderer):
        url = urljoin('https://youtube.com', traverse_obj(
            hashtag_tile_renderer, ('onTapCommand', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url')))
        if url:
            return self.url_result(
                url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), title=self._get_text(hashtag_tile_renderer, 'hashtag'))

    def _post_thread_entries(self, post_thread_renderer):
        post_renderer = try_get(
            post_thread_renderer, lambda x: x['post']['backstagePostRenderer'], dict)
        if not post_renderer:
            return
        # video attachment
        video_renderer = try_get(
            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['videoRenderer'], dict) or {}
        video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
        if video_id:
            entry = self._extract_video(video_renderer)
            if entry:
                yield entry
        # playlist attachment
        playlist_id = try_get(
            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['playlistRenderer']['playlistId'], compat_str)
        if playlist_id:
            yield self.url_result(
                'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id,
                ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
        # inline video links
        runs = try_get(post_renderer, lambda x: x['contentText']['runs'], list) or []
        for run in runs:
            if not isinstance(run, dict):
                continue
            ep_url = try_get(
                run, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['urlEndpoint']['url'], compat_str)
            if not ep_url:
                continue
            if not YoutubeIE.suitable(ep_url):
                continue
            ep_video_id = YoutubeIE._match_id(ep_url)
            if video_id == ep_video_id:
                continue
            yield self.url_result(ep_url, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=ep_video_id)

    def _post_thread_continuation_entries(self, post_thread_continuation):
        contents = post_thread_continuation.get('contents')
        if not isinstance(contents, list):
            return
        for content in contents:
            renderer = content.get('backstagePostThreadRenderer')
            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                continue
            for entry in self._post_thread_entries(renderer):
                yield entry

    r''' # unused
    def _rich_grid_entries(self, contents):
        for content in contents:
            video_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['richItemRenderer']['content']['videoRenderer'], dict)
            if video_renderer:
                entry = self._video_entry(video_renderer)
                if entry:
                    yield entry
    '''

    def _extract_entries(self, parent_renderer, continuation_list):
        # continuation_list is modified in-place with continuation_list = [continuation_token]
        continuation_list[:] = [None]
        contents = try_get(parent_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
        for content in contents:
            if not isinstance(content, dict):
                continue
            is_renderer = traverse_obj(
                content, 'itemSectionRenderer', 'musicShelfRenderer', 'musicShelfContinuation',
                expected_type=dict)
            if not is_renderer:
                renderer = content.get('richItemRenderer')
                if renderer:
                    for entry in self._rich_entries(renderer):
                        yield entry
                    continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(parent_renderer)
                continue
            isr_contents = try_get(is_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
            for isr_content in isr_contents:
                if not isinstance(isr_content, dict):
                    continue

                known_renderers = {
                    'playlistVideoListRenderer': self._playlist_entries,
                    'gridRenderer': self._grid_entries,
                    'shelfRenderer': lambda x: self._shelf_entries(x),
                    'musicResponsiveListItemRenderer': lambda x: [self._music_reponsive_list_entry(x)],
                    'backstagePostThreadRenderer': self._post_thread_entries,
                    'videoRenderer': lambda x: [self._video_entry(x)],
                    'playlistRenderer': lambda x: self._grid_entries({'items': [{'playlistRenderer': x}]}),
                    'channelRenderer': lambda x: self._grid_entries({'items': [{'channelRenderer': x}]}),
                    'hashtagTileRenderer': lambda x: [self._hashtag_tile_entry(x)]
                }
                for key, renderer in isr_content.items():
                    if key not in known_renderers:
                        continue
                    for entry in known_renderers[key](renderer):
                        if entry:
                            yield entry
                    continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(renderer)
                    break

            if not continuation_list[0]:
                continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(is_renderer)

        if not continuation_list[0]:
            continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(parent_renderer)

    def _entries(self, tab, item_id, ytcfg, account_syncid, visitor_data):
        continuation_list = [None]
        extract_entries = lambda x: self._extract_entries(x, continuation_list)
        tab_content = try_get(tab, lambda x: x['content'], dict)
        if not tab_content:
            return
        parent_renderer = (
            try_get(tab_content, lambda x: x['sectionListRenderer'], dict)
            or try_get(tab_content, lambda x: x['richGridRenderer'], dict) or {})
        for entry in extract_entries(parent_renderer):
            yield entry
        continuation = continuation_list[0]

        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
            if not continuation:
                break
            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
                ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=account_syncid, visitor_data=visitor_data)
            response = self._extract_response(
                item_id='%s page %s' % (item_id, page_num),
                query=continuation, headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
                check_get_keys=('continuationContents', 'onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'))

            if not response:
                break
            # Extracting updated visitor data is required to prevent an infinite extraction loop in some cases
            # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28702
            visitor_data = self._extract_visitor_data(response) or visitor_data

            known_continuation_renderers = {
                'playlistVideoListContinuation': self._playlist_entries,
                'gridContinuation': self._grid_entries,
                'itemSectionContinuation': self._post_thread_continuation_entries,
                'sectionListContinuation': extract_entries,  # for feeds
            }
            continuation_contents = try_get(
                response, lambda x: x['continuationContents'], dict) or {}
            continuation_renderer = None
            for key, value in continuation_contents.items():
                if key not in known_continuation_renderers:
                    continue
                continuation_renderer = value
                continuation_list = [None]
                for entry in known_continuation_renderers[key](continuation_renderer):
                    yield entry
                continuation = continuation_list[0] or self._extract_continuation(continuation_renderer)
                break
            if continuation_renderer:
                continue

            known_renderers = {
                'videoRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),  # for membership tab
                'gridPlaylistRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
                'gridVideoRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
                'gridChannelRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
                'playlistVideoRenderer': (self._playlist_entries, 'contents'),
                'itemSectionRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for feeds
                'richItemRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for hashtag
                'backstagePostThreadRenderer': (self._post_thread_continuation_entries, 'contents')
            }
            on_response_received = dict_get(response, ('onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'))
            continuation_items = try_get(
                on_response_received, lambda x: x[0]['appendContinuationItemsAction']['continuationItems'], list)
            continuation_item = try_get(continuation_items, lambda x: x[0], dict) or {}
            video_items_renderer = None
            for key, value in continuation_item.items():
                if key not in known_renderers:
                    continue
                video_items_renderer = {known_renderers[key][1]: continuation_items}
                continuation_list = [None]
                for entry in known_renderers[key][0](video_items_renderer):
                    yield entry
                continuation = continuation_list[0] or self._extract_continuation(video_items_renderer)
                break
            if video_items_renderer:
                continue
            break

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_selected_tab(tabs, fatal=True):
        for tab in tabs:
            renderer = dict_get(tab, ('tabRenderer', 'expandableTabRenderer')) or {}
            if renderer.get('selected') is True:
                return renderer
        else:
            if fatal:
                raise ExtractorError('Unable to find selected tab')

    @classmethod
    def _extract_uploader(cls, data):
        uploader = {}
        renderer = cls._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarSecondaryInfoRenderer') or {}
        owner = try_get(
            renderer, lambda x: x['videoOwner']['videoOwnerRenderer']['title']['runs'][0], dict)
        if owner:
            uploader['uploader'] = owner.get('text')
            uploader['uploader_id'] = try_get(
                owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], compat_str)
            uploader['uploader_url'] = urljoin(
                'https://www.youtube.com/',
                try_get(owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['canonicalBaseUrl'], compat_str))
        return {k: v for k, v in uploader.items() if v is not None}

    def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs):
        playlist_id = title = description = channel_url = channel_name = channel_id = None
        tags = []

        selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
        primary_sidebar_renderer = self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer')
        renderer = try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['metadata']['channelMetadataRenderer'], dict)
        if renderer:
            channel_name = renderer.get('title')
            channel_url = renderer.get('channelUrl')
            channel_id = renderer.get('externalId')
        else:
            renderer = try_get(
                data, lambda x: x['metadata']['playlistMetadataRenderer'], dict)

        if renderer:
            title = renderer.get('title')
            description = renderer.get('description', '')
            playlist_id = channel_id
            tags = renderer.get('keywords', '').split()

        # We can get the uncropped banner/avatar by replacing the crop params with '=s0'
        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2237#issuecomment-1013694714
        def _get_uncropped(url):
            return url_or_none((url or '').split('=')[0] + '=s0')

        avatar_thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'avatar')
        if avatar_thumbnails:
            uncropped_avatar = _get_uncropped(avatar_thumbnails[0]['url'])
            if uncropped_avatar:
                avatar_thumbnails.append({
                    'url': uncropped_avatar,
                    'id': 'avatar_uncropped',
                    'preference': 1
                })

        channel_banners = self._extract_thumbnails(
            data, ('header', ..., ['banner', 'mobileBanner', 'tvBanner']))
        for banner in channel_banners:
            banner['preference'] = -10

        if channel_banners:
            uncropped_banner = _get_uncropped(channel_banners[0]['url'])
            if uncropped_banner:
                channel_banners.append({
                    'url': uncropped_banner,
                    'id': 'banner_uncropped',
                    'preference': -5
                })

        primary_thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(
            primary_sidebar_renderer, ('thumbnailRenderer', 'playlistVideoThumbnailRenderer', 'thumbnail'))

        if playlist_id is None:
            playlist_id = item_id

        playlist_stats = traverse_obj(primary_sidebar_renderer, 'stats')
        last_updated_unix, _ = self._extract_time_text(playlist_stats, 2)
        if title is None:
            title = self._get_text(data, ('header', 'hashtagHeaderRenderer', 'hashtag')) or playlist_id
        title += format_field(selected_tab, 'title', ' - %s')
        title += format_field(selected_tab, 'expandedText', ' - %s')

        metadata = {
            'playlist_id': playlist_id,
            'playlist_title': title,
            'playlist_description': description,
            'uploader': channel_name,
            'uploader_id': channel_id,
            'uploader_url': channel_url,
            'thumbnails': primary_thumbnails + avatar_thumbnails + channel_banners,
            'tags': tags,
            'view_count': self._get_count(playlist_stats, 1),
            'availability': self._extract_availability(data),
            'modified_date': strftime_or_none(last_updated_unix, '%Y%m%d'),
            'playlist_count': self._get_count(playlist_stats, 0),
            'channel_follower_count': self._get_count(data, ('header', ..., 'subscriberCountText')),
        }
        if not channel_id:
            metadata.update(self._extract_uploader(data))
        metadata.update({
            'channel': metadata['uploader'],
            'channel_id': metadata['uploader_id'],
            'channel_url': metadata['uploader_url']})
        return self.playlist_result(
            self._entries(
                selected_tab, playlist_id, ytcfg,
                self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
                self._extract_visitor_data(data, ytcfg)),
            **metadata)

    def _extract_mix_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg):
        first_id = last_id = response = None
        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
            videos = list(self._playlist_entries(playlist))
            if not videos:
                return
            start = next((i for i, v in enumerate(videos) if v['id'] == last_id), -1) + 1
            if start >= len(videos):
                return
            for video in videos[start:]:
                if video['id'] == first_id:
                    self.to_screen('First video %s found again; Assuming end of Mix' % first_id)
                    return
                yield video
            first_id = first_id or videos[0]['id']
            last_id = videos[-1]['id']
            watch_endpoint = try_get(
                playlist, lambda x: x['contents'][-1]['playlistPanelVideoRenderer']['navigationEndpoint']['watchEndpoint'])
            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
                ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
                visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response, data, ytcfg))
            query = {
                'playlistId': playlist_id,
                'videoId': watch_endpoint.get('videoId') or last_id,
                'index': watch_endpoint.get('index') or len(videos),
                'params': watch_endpoint.get('params') or 'OAE%3D'
            }
            response = self._extract_response(
                item_id='%s page %d' % (playlist_id, page_num),
                query=query, ep='next', headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
                check_get_keys='contents'
            )
            playlist = try_get(
                response, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)

    def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist, ytcfg):
        title = playlist.get('title') or try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['titleText']['simpleText'], compat_str)
        playlist_id = playlist.get('playlistId') or item_id

        # Delegating everything except mix playlists to regular tab-based playlist URL
        playlist_url = urljoin(url, try_get(
            playlist, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
            compat_str))
        if playlist_url and playlist_url != url:
            return self.url_result(
                playlist_url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
                video_title=title)

        return self.playlist_result(
            self._extract_mix_playlist(playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg),
            playlist_id=playlist_id, playlist_title=title)

    def _extract_availability(self, data):
        """
        Gets the availability of a given playlist/tab.
        Note: Unless YouTube tells us explicitly, we do not assume it is public
        @param data: response
        """
        is_private = is_unlisted = None
        renderer = self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer') or {}
        badge_labels = self._extract_badges(renderer)

        # Personal playlists, when authenticated, have a dropdown visibility selector instead of a badge
        privacy_dropdown_entries = try_get(
            renderer, lambda x: x['privacyForm']['dropdownFormFieldRenderer']['dropdown']['dropdownRenderer']['entries'], list) or []
        for renderer_dict in privacy_dropdown_entries:
            is_selected = try_get(
                renderer_dict, lambda x: x['privacyDropdownItemRenderer']['isSelected'], bool) or False
            if not is_selected:
                continue
            label = self._get_text(renderer_dict, ('privacyDropdownItemRenderer', 'label'))
            if label:
                badge_labels.add(label.lower())
                break

        for badge_label in badge_labels:
            if badge_label == 'unlisted':
                is_unlisted = True
            elif badge_label == 'private':
                is_private = True
            elif badge_label == 'public':
                is_unlisted = is_private = False
        return self._availability(is_private, False, False, False, is_unlisted)

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, info_renderer, expected_type=dict):
        sidebar_renderer = try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['sidebar']['playlistSidebarRenderer']['items'], list) or []
        for item in sidebar_renderer:
            renderer = try_get(item, lambda x: x[info_renderer], expected_type)
            if renderer:
                return renderer

    def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, ytcfg):
        """
        Get playlist with unavailable videos if the 'show unavailable videos' button exists.
        """
        browse_id = params = None
        renderer = self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer')
        if not renderer:
            return
        menu_renderer = try_get(
            renderer, lambda x: x['menu']['menuRenderer']['items'], list) or []
        for menu_item in menu_renderer:
            if not isinstance(menu_item, dict):
                continue
            nav_item_renderer = menu_item.get('menuNavigationItemRenderer')
            text = try_get(
                nav_item_renderer, lambda x: x['text']['simpleText'], compat_str)
            if not text or text.lower() != 'show unavailable videos':
                continue
            browse_endpoint = try_get(
                nav_item_renderer, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint'], dict) or {}
            browse_id = browse_endpoint.get('browseId')
            params = browse_endpoint.get('params')
            break

        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
            ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
            visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(data, ytcfg))
        query = {
            'params': params or 'wgYCCAA=',
            'browseId': browse_id or 'VL%s' % item_id
        }
        return self._extract_response(
            item_id=item_id, headers=headers, query=query,
            check_get_keys='contents', fatal=False, ytcfg=ytcfg,
            note='Downloading API JSON with unavailable videos')

    def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id, fatal=True):
        retries = self.get_param('extractor_retries', 3)
        count = -1
        webpage = data = last_error = None
        while count < retries:
            count += 1
            # Sometimes youtube returns a webpage with incomplete ytInitialData
            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/116
            if last_error:
                self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % last_error)
            try:
                webpage = self._download_webpage(
                    url, item_id,
                    note='Downloading webpage%s' % (' (retry #%d)' % count if count else '',))
                data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(item_id, webpage or '', fatal=fatal) or {}
            except ExtractorError as e:
                if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
                    if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
                        last_error = error_to_compat_str(e.cause or e.msg)
                        if count < retries:
                            continue
                if fatal:
                    raise
                self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
                break
            else:
                try:
                    self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
                except ExtractorError as e:
                    if fatal:
                        raise
                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
                    break

                if dict_get(data, ('contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint', 'onResponseReceivedActions')):
                    break

                last_error = 'Incomplete yt initial data received'
                if count >= retries:
                    if fatal:
                        raise ExtractorError(last_error)
                    self.report_warning(last_error)
                    break

        return webpage, data

    def _extract_data(self, url, item_id, ytcfg=None, fatal=True, webpage_fatal=False, default_client='web'):
        data = None
        if 'webpage' not in self._configuration_arg('skip'):
            webpage, data = self._extract_webpage(url, item_id, fatal=webpage_fatal)
            ytcfg = ytcfg or self.extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
            # Reject webpage data if redirected to home page without explicitly requesting
            selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(traverse_obj(
                data, ('contents', 'twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer', 'tabs'), expected_type=list, default=[]), fatal=False) or {}
            if (url != 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended'
                    and selected_tab.get('tabIdentifier') == 'FEwhat_to_watch'  # Home page
                    and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in self.get_param('compat_opts', [])):
                msg = 'The channel/playlist does not exist and the URL redirected to youtube.com home page'
                if fatal:
                    raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)
                self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)
        if not data:
            if not ytcfg and self.is_authenticated:
                msg = 'Playlists that require authentication may not extract correctly without a successful webpage download.'
                if 'authcheck' not in self._configuration_arg('skip') and fatal:
                    raise ExtractorError(
                        msg + ' If you are not downloading private content, or your cookies are only for the first account and channel,'
                              ' pass "--extractor-args youtubetab:skip=authcheck" to skip this check',
                        expected=True)
                self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)
            data = self._extract_tab_endpoint(url, item_id, ytcfg, fatal=fatal, default_client=default_client)
        return data, ytcfg

    def _extract_tab_endpoint(self, url, item_id, ytcfg=None, fatal=True, default_client='web'):
        headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, default_client=default_client)
        resolve_response = self._extract_response(
            item_id=item_id, query={'url': url}, check_get_keys='endpoint', headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=fatal,
            ep='navigation/resolve_url', note='Downloading API parameters API JSON', default_client=default_client)
        endpoints = {'browseEndpoint': 'browse', 'watchEndpoint': 'next'}
        for ep_key, ep in endpoints.items():
            params = try_get(resolve_response, lambda x: x['endpoint'][ep_key], dict)
            if params:
                return self._extract_response(
                    item_id=item_id, query=params, ep=ep, headers=headers,
                    ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=fatal, default_client=default_client,
                    check_get_keys=('contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint', 'onResponseReceivedActions'))
        err_note = 'Failed to resolve url (does the playlist exist?)'
        if fatal:
            raise ExtractorError(err_note, expected=True)
        self.report_warning(err_note, item_id)

    _SEARCH_PARAMS = None

    def _search_results(self, query, params=NO_DEFAULT, default_client='web'):
        data = {'query': query}
        if params is NO_DEFAULT:
            params = self._SEARCH_PARAMS
        if params:
            data['params'] = params

        content_keys = (
            ('contents', 'twoColumnSearchResultsRenderer', 'primaryContents', 'sectionListRenderer', 'contents'),
            ('onResponseReceivedCommands', 0, 'appendContinuationItemsAction', 'continuationItems'),
            # ytmusic search
            ('contents', 'tabbedSearchResultsRenderer', 'tabs', 0, 'tabRenderer', 'content', 'sectionListRenderer', 'contents'),
            ('continuationContents', ),
        )
        check_get_keys = tuple(set(keys[0] for keys in content_keys))

        continuation_list = [None]
        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
            data.update(continuation_list[0] or {})
            search = self._extract_response(
                item_id='query "%s" page %s' % (query, page_num), ep='search', query=data,
                default_client=default_client, check_get_keys=check_get_keys)
            slr_contents = traverse_obj(search, *content_keys)
            yield from self._extract_entries({'contents': list(variadic(slr_contents))}, continuation_list)
            if not continuation_list[0]:
                break


class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube Tabs'
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x:
        https?://
            (?:\w+\.)?
            (?:
                youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
                %(invidious)s
            )/
            (?:
                (?P<channel_type>channel|c|user|browse)/|
                (?P<not_channel>
                    feed/|hashtag/|
                    (?:playlist|watch)\?.*?\blist=
                )|
                (?!(?:%(reserved_names)s)\b)  # Direct URLs
            )
            (?P<id>[^/?\#&]+)
    )''' % {
        'reserved_names': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._RESERVED_NAMES,
        'invidious': '|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
    }
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:tab'

    _TESTS = [{
        'note': 'playlists, multipage',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ИгорьКлейнер/playlists?view=1&flow=grid',
        'playlist_mincount': 94,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'title': 'Igor Kleiner - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:be97ee0f14ee314f1f002cf187166ee2',
            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner',
            'uploader_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner',
            'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'tags': ['"критическое', 'мышление"', '"наука', 'просто"', 'математика', '"анализ', 'данных"'],
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
    }, {
        'note': 'playlists, multipage, different order',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
        'playlist_mincount': 94,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'title': 'Igor Kleiner - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:be97ee0f14ee314f1f002cf187166ee2',
            'uploader_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'tags': ['"критическое', 'мышление"', '"наука', 'просто"', 'математика', '"анализ', 'данных"'],
            'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
    }, {
        'note': 'playlists, series',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=3',
        'playlist_mincount': 5,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:e1384e8a133307dd10edee76e875d62f',
            'uploader_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
            'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'tags': ['Mathematics'],
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
    }, {
        'note': 'playlists, singlepage',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
        'playlist_mincount': 4,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
            'title': 'ThirstForScience - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:609399d937ea957b0f53cbffb747a14c',
            'uploader': 'ThirstForScience',
            'uploader_id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
            'channel_id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
            'tags': 'count:13',
            'channel': 'ThirstForScience',
            'channel_follower_count': int
        }
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChristophLaimer/playlists',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'basic, single video playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
        'info_dict': {
            'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
            'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
            'title': 'youtube-dl public playlist',
            'description': '',
            'tags': [],
            'view_count': int,
            'modified_date': '20201130',
            'channel': 'Sergey M.',
            'channel_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
        },
        'playlist_count': 1,
    }, {
        'note': 'empty playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
        'info_dict': {
            'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
            'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
            'title': 'youtube-dl empty playlist',
            'tags': [],
            'channel': 'Sergey M.',
            'description': '',
            'modified_date': '20160902',
            'channel_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
        },
        'playlist_count': 0,
    }, {
        'note': 'Home tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/featured',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Home',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel': 'lex will',
            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 2,
    }, {
        'note': 'Videos tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/videos',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Videos',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel': 'lex will',
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 975,
    }, {
        'note': 'Videos tab, sorted by popular',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/videos?view=0&sort=p&flow=grid',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Videos',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel': 'lex will',
            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 199,
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlists tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/playlists',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel': 'lex will',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 17,
    }, {
        'note': 'Community tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/community',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Community',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel': 'lex will',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 18,
    }, {
        'note': 'Channels tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/channels',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Channels',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel': 'lex will',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 12,
    }, {
        'note': 'Search tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/search?query=linear%20algebra',
        'playlist_mincount': 40,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Search - linear algebra',
            'description': 'md5:e1384e8a133307dd10edee76e875d62f',
            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
            'uploader_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'tags': ['Mathematics'],
            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
            'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': '29C3: Not my department',
            'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
            'uploader': 'Christiaan008',
            'uploader_id': 'UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
            'description': 'md5:a14dc1a8ef8307a9807fe136a0660268',
            'tags': [],
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChRiStIaAn008',
            'view_count': int,
            'modified_date': '20150605',
            'channel_id': 'UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChRiStIaAn008',
            'channel': 'Christiaan008',
        },
        'playlist_count': 96,
    }, {
        'note': 'Large playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
            'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
            'uploader': 'Cauchemar',
            'uploader_id': 'UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/Cauchemar89',
            'tags': [],
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
            'channel': 'Cauchemar',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/Cauchemar89',
            'view_count': int,
            'description': '',
            'channel_id': 'UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 1123,
        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
    }, {
        'note': 'even larger playlist, 8832 videos',
        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/NASAgovVideo/videos',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
            'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
            'uploader': 'Interstellar Movie',
            'uploader_id': 'UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/InterstellarMovie',
            'tags': [],
            'view_count': int,
            'channel_id': 'UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/InterstellarMovie',
            'channel': 'Interstellar Movie',
            'description': '',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 21,
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlist with "show unavailable videos" button',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Uploads from Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
            'id': 'UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
            'uploader': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
            'uploader_id': 'UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
            'view_count': int,
            'channel': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
            'tags': [],
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
            'description': '',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
            'channel_id': 'UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 200,
        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlist with unavailable videos in page 7',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Uploads from BlankTV',
            'id': 'UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
            'uploader': 'BlankTV',
            'uploader_id': 'UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
            'channel': 'BlankTV',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/blanktv',
            'channel_id': 'UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
            'view_count': int,
            'tags': [],
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/blanktv',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
            'description': '',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 1000,
        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
    }, {
        'note': 'https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/21844',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Data Analysis with Dr Mike Pound',
            'id': 'PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
            'uploader_id': 'UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
            'uploader': 'Computerphile',
            'description': 'md5:7f567c574d13d3f8c0954d9ffee4e487',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/Computerphile',
            'tags': [],
            'view_count': int,
            'channel_id': 'UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/Computerphile',
            'channel': 'Computerphile',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 11,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://invidio.us/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlist URL that does not actually serve a playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
            'ext': 'webm',
            'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
            'uploader': 'STREEM',
            'uploader_id': 'UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
            'upload_date': '20150526',
            'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
            'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
            'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
            'tags': list,
            'view_count': int,
            'like_count': int,
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        },
        'skip': 'This video is not available.',
        'add_ie': [YoutubeIE.ie_key()],
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=Agk7R8I8o5U&list=PUZ6jURNr1WQZCNHF0ao-c0g',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuAGGZNfUkU&list=RDMM',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ/live',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'GgL890LIznQ',  # This will keep changing
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': str,
            'uploader': 'Sky News',
            'uploader_id': 'skynews',
            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/skynews',
            'upload_date': r're:\d{8}',
            'description': str,
            'categories': ['News & Politics'],
            'tags': list,
            'like_count': int,
            'release_timestamp': 1642502819,
            'channel': 'Sky News',
            'channel_id': 'UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ',
            'age_limit': 0,
            'view_count': int,
            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/GgL890LIznQ/maxresdefault_live.jpg',
            'playable_in_embed': True,
            'release_date': '20220118',
            'availability': 'public',
            'live_status': 'is_live',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ',
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        },
        'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in '],
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheYoungTurks/live',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
            'uploader': 'The Young Turks',
            'uploader_id': 'TheYoungTurks',
            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheYoungTurks',
            'upload_date': '20150715',
            'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
            'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
            'categories': ['News & Politics'],
            'tags': ['Cenk Uygur (TV Program Creator)', 'The Young Turks (Award-Winning Work)', 'Talk Show (TV Genre)'],
            'like_count': int,
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        },
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yBKRuGpC1tSM73A0ZjYjQ/live',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/CommanderVideoHq/live',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'A channel that is not live. Should raise error',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/numberphile/live',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/trending',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/library',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/history',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/subscriptions',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/watch_later',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Recommended - redirects to home page.',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'inline playlist with not always working continuations',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UC6u0Tct-Fo&list=PL36D642111D65BE7C',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/course',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/zsecurity',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/NASAgovVideo/videos',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/hashtag/cctv9',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'cctv9',
            'title': '#cctv9',
            'tags': [],
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 350,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLW4dVinRY435CBE_JD3t-0SRXKfnZHS1P&feature=youtu.be&v=M9cJMXmQ_ZU',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Requires Premium: should request additional YTM-info webpage (and have format 141) for videos in playlist',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
        'only_matching': True
    }, {
        'note': '/browse/ should redirect to /channel/',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC1a8OFewdjuLq6KlF8M_8Ng',
        'only_matching': True
    }, {
        'note': 'VLPL, should redirect to playlist?list=PL...',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/VLPLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'PLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
            'uploader': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
            'description': 'Providing you with copyright free / safe music for gaming, live streaming, studying and more!',
            'uploader_id': 'UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
            'title': 'NCS Releases',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/NoCopyrightSounds',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/NoCopyrightSounds',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
            'view_count': int,
            'channel_id': 'UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
            'tags': [],
            'channel': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 166,
        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
    }, {
        'note': 'Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'uploader_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
            'tags': [],
            'channel_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'channel': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
            'view_count': int,
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'description': '',
        },
        'expected_warnings': [
            'The URL does not have a videos tab',
            r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden',
        ],
        'playlist_mincount': 101,
    }, {
        'note': 'Topic without a UU playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
            'title': 'UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
            'tags': [],
        },
        'expected_warnings': [
            'the playlist redirect gave error',
        ],
        'playlist_mincount': 9,
    }, {
        'note': 'Youtube music Album',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/MPREb_gTAcphH99wE',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'OLAK5uy_l1m0thk3g31NmIIz_vMIbWtyv7eZixlH0',
            'title': 'Album - Royalty Free Music Library V2 (50 Songs)',
            'tags': [],
            'view_count': int,
            'description': '',
            'availability': 'unlisted',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
        },
        'playlist_count': 50,
    }, {
        'note': 'unlisted single video playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
        'info_dict': {
            'uploader_id': 'UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
            'uploader': 'colethedj',
            'id': 'PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
            'title': 'yt-dlp unlisted playlist test',
            'availability': 'unlisted',
            'tags': [],
            'modified_date': '20211208',
            'channel': 'colethedj',
            'view_count': int,
            'description': '',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
            'channel_id': 'UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
        },
        'playlist_count': 1,
    }, {
        'note': 'API Fallback: Recommended - redirects to home page. Requires visitorData',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'recommended',
            'title': 'recommended',
            'tags': [],
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 50,
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}}
        },
    }, {
        'note': 'API Fallback: /videos tab, sorted by oldest first',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/theCodyReeder/videos?view=0&sort=da&flow=grid',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
            'title': 'Cody\'sLab - Videos',
            'description': 'md5:d083b7c2f0c67ee7a6c74c3e9b4243fa',
            'uploader': 'Cody\'sLab',
            'uploader_id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
            'channel': 'Cody\'sLab',
            'channel_id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
            'tags': [],
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
            'channel_follower_count': int
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 650,
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}}
        },
    }, {
        'note': 'API Fallback: Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'uploader_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
            'channel_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'description': '',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'tags': [],
            'channel': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
            'view_count': int,
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
        },
        'expected_warnings': [
            'does not have a videos tab',
            r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden',
        ],
        'playlist_mincount': 101,
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}}
        },
    }, {
        'note': 'non-standard redirect to regional channel',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwVVpHQ2Cs9iGJfpdFngePQ',
        'only_matching': True
    }]

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
        return False if YoutubeIE.suitable(url) else super(
            YoutubeTabIE, cls).suitable(url)

    _URL_RE = re.compile(rf'(?P<pre>{_VALID_URL})(?(not_channel)|(?P<tab>/\w+))?(?P<post>.*)$')

    @YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor.passthrough_smuggled_data
    def _real_extract(self, url, smuggled_data):
        item_id = self._match_id(url)
        url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
            compat_urlparse.urlparse(url)._replace(netloc='www.youtube.com'))
        compat_opts = self.get_param('compat_opts', [])

        def get_mobj(url):
            mobj = self._URL_RE.match(url).groupdict()
            mobj.update((k, '') for k, v in mobj.items() if v is None)
            return mobj

        mobj, redirect_warning = get_mobj(url), None
        # Youtube returns incomplete data if tabname is not lower case
        pre, tab, post, is_channel = mobj['pre'], mobj['tab'].lower(), mobj['post'], not mobj['not_channel']
        if is_channel:
            if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url'):
                if item_id[:2] == 'VL':  # Youtube music VL channels have an equivalent playlist
                    item_id = item_id[2:]
                    pre, tab, post, is_channel = f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={item_id}', '', '', False
                elif item_id[:2] == 'MP':  # Resolve albums (/[channel/browse]/MP...) to their equivalent playlist
                    mdata = self._extract_tab_endpoint(
                        f'https://music.youtube.com/channel/{item_id}', item_id, default_client='web_music')
                    murl = traverse_obj(mdata, ('microformat', 'microformatDataRenderer', 'urlCanonical'),
                                        get_all=False, expected_type=compat_str)
                    if not murl:
                        raise ExtractorError('Failed to resolve album to playlist')
                    return self.url_result(murl, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
                elif mobj['channel_type'] == 'browse':  # Youtube music /browse/ should be changed to /channel/
                    pre = f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{item_id}'

        original_tab_name = tab
        if is_channel and not tab and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
            # Home URLs should redirect to /videos/
            redirect_warning = ('A channel/user page was given. All the channel\'s videos will be downloaded. '
                                'To download only the videos in the home page, add a "/featured" to the URL')
            tab = '/videos'

        url = ''.join((pre, tab, post))
        mobj = get_mobj(url)

        # Handle both video/playlist URLs
        qs = parse_qs(url)
        video_id, playlist_id = [qs.get(key, [None])[0] for key in ('v', 'list')]

        if not video_id and mobj['not_channel'].startswith('watch'):
            if not playlist_id:
                # If there is neither video or playlist ids, youtube redirects to home page, which is undesirable
                raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')
            # Common mistake: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=playlist_id
            self.report_warning(f'A video URL was given without video ID. Trying to download playlist {playlist_id}')
            url = f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}'
            mobj = get_mobj(url)

        if video_id and playlist_id:
            if self.get_param('noplaylist'):
                self.to_screen(f'Downloading just video {video_id} because of --no-playlist')
                return self.url_result(f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
                                       ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
            self.to_screen(f'Downloading playlist {playlist_id}; add --no-playlist to just download video {video_id}')

        data, ytcfg = self._extract_data(url, item_id)

        # YouTube may provide a non-standard redirect to the regional channel
        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2694
        redirect_url = traverse_obj(
            data, ('onResponseReceivedActions', ..., 'navigateAction', 'endpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), get_all=False)
        if redirect_url and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
            redirect_url = ''.join((
                urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', redirect_url), mobj['tab'], mobj['post']))
            self.to_screen(f'This playlist is likely not available in your region. Following redirect to regional playlist {redirect_url}')
            return self.url_result(redirect_url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())

        tabs = traverse_obj(data, ('contents', 'twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer', 'tabs'), expected_type=list)
        if tabs:
            selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
            selected_tab_name = selected_tab.get('title', '').lower()
            if selected_tab_name == 'home':
                selected_tab_name = 'featured'
            requested_tab_name = mobj['tab'][1:]
            if 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
                if requested_tab_name == 'live':
                    # Live tab should have redirected to the video
                    raise ExtractorError('The channel is not currently live', expected=True)
                if requested_tab_name not in ('', selected_tab_name):
                    redirect_warning = f'The channel does not have a {requested_tab_name} tab'
                    if not original_tab_name:
                        if item_id[:2] == 'UC':
                            # Topic channels don't have /videos. Use the equivalent playlist instead
                            pl_id = f'UU{item_id[2:]}'
                            pl_url = f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={pl_id}'
                            try:
                                data, ytcfg = self._extract_data(pl_url, pl_id, ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=True, webpage_fatal=True)
                            except ExtractorError:
                                redirect_warning += ' and the playlist redirect gave error'
                            else:
                                item_id, url, selected_tab_name = pl_id, pl_url, requested_tab_name
                                redirect_warning += f'. Redirecting to playlist {pl_id} instead'
                        if selected_tab_name and selected_tab_name != requested_tab_name:
                            redirect_warning += f'. {selected_tab_name} tab is being downloaded instead'
                    else:
                        raise ExtractorError(redirect_warning, expected=True)

        if redirect_warning:
            self.to_screen(redirect_warning)
        self.write_debug(f'Final URL: {url}')

        # YouTube sometimes provides a button to reload playlist with unavailable videos.
        if 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos' not in compat_opts:
            data = self._reload_with_unavailable_videos(item_id, data, ytcfg) or data
        self._extract_and_report_alerts(data, only_once=True)
        tabs = traverse_obj(data, ('contents', 'twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer', 'tabs'), expected_type=list)
        if tabs:
            return self._extract_from_tabs(item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs)

        playlist = traverse_obj(
            data, ('contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'playlist', 'playlist'), expected_type=dict)
        if playlist:
            return self._extract_from_playlist(item_id, url, data, playlist, ytcfg)

        video_id = traverse_obj(
            data, ('currentVideoEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'), expected_type=str) or video_id
        if video_id:
            if mobj['tab'] != '/live':  # live tab is expected to redirect to video
                self.report_warning(f'Unable to recognize playlist. Downloading just video {video_id}')
            return self.url_result(f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
                                   ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)

        raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')


class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube playlists'
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)(?:
                        (?:https?://)?
                        (?:\w+\.)?
                        (?:
                            (?:
                                youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
                                %(invidious)s
                            )
                            /.*?\?.*?\blist=
                        )?
                        (?P<id>%(playlist_id)s)
                     )''' % {
        'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE,
        'invidious': '|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
    }
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
    _TESTS = [{
        'note': 'issue #673',
        'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
            'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
            'uploader': 'Wickman',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
            'description': 'md5:8fa6f52abb47a9552002fa3ddfc57fc2',
            'view_count': int,
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/Wickydoo',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
            'channel_id': 'UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
            'channel': 'Wickman',
            'tags': [],
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/Wickydoo',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 29,
    }, {
        'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
            'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
        },
        'playlist_count': 2,
        'skip': 'This playlist is private',
    }, {
        'note': 'embedded',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
        'playlist_count': 4,
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'JODA15',
            'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
            'uploader': 'milan',
            'uploader_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
            'description': '',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
            'tags': [],
            'modified_date': '20140919',
            'view_count': int,
            'channel': 'milan',
            'channel_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
        },
        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
        'playlist_mincount': 654,
        'info_dict': {
            'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
            'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
            'uploader': 'LBK',
            'uploader_id': 'UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
            'description': 'md5:da521864744d60a198e3a88af4db0d9d',
            'channel': 'LBK',
            'view_count': int,
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/愛低音的國王',
            'tags': [],
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/愛低音的國王',
            'channel_id': 'UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
        },
        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
    }, {
        'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        # music album playlist
        'url': 'OLAK5uy_m4xAFdmMC5rX3Ji3g93pQe3hqLZw_9LhM',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
        if YoutubeTabIE.suitable(url):
            return False
        from ..utils import parse_qs
        qs = parse_qs(url)
        if qs.get('v', [None])[0]:
            return False
        return super(YoutubePlaylistIE, cls).suitable(url)

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
        is_music_url = YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor.is_music_url(url)
        url = update_url_query(
            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist',
            parse_qs(url) or {'list': playlist_id})
        if is_music_url:
            url = smuggle_url(url, {'is_music_url': True})
        return self.url_result(url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)


class YoutubeYtBeIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'youtu.be'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://youtu\.be/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})/*?.*?\blist=(?P<playlist_id>%(playlist_id)s)' % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
            'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
            'uploader_id': 'backuspagemuseum',
            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/backuspagemuseum',
            'upload_date': '20161008',
            'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
            'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
            'tags': list,
            'like_count': int,
            'age_limit': 0,
            'playable_in_embed': True,
            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/yeWKywCrFtk/maxresdefault.webp',
            'channel': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
            'channel_id': 'UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
            'live_status': 'not_live',
            'view_count': int,
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
            'availability': 'public',
            'duration': 59,
        },
        'params': {
            'noplaylist': True,
            'skip_download': True,
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
        video_id = mobj.group('id')
        playlist_id = mobj.group('playlist_id')
        return self.url_result(
            update_url_query('https://www.youtube.com/watch', {
                'v': video_id,
                'list': playlist_id,
                'feature': 'youtu.be',
            }), ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)


class YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube livestream embeds'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/embed/live_stream/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?channel=(?P<id>[^&#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/live_stream?channel=UC2_KI6RB__jGdlnK6dvFEZA',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
        return self.url_result(
            f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}/live',
            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=channel_id)


class YoutubeYtUserIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix'
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
    _VALID_URL = r'ytuser:(?P<id>.+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        user_id = self._match_id(url)
        return self.url_result(
            'https://www.youtube.com/user/%s/videos' % user_id,
            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=user_id)


class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)'
    _VALID_URL = r':ytfav(?:ou?rite)?s?'
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ytfav',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': ':ytfavorites',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        return self.url_result(
            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=LL',
            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())


class YoutubeSearchIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search'
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
    _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'EgIQAQ%3D%3D'  # Videos only
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'ytsearch5:youtube-dl test video',
        'playlist_count': 5,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
        }
    }]


class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search, newest videos first'
    _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'CAISAhAB'  # Videos only, sorted by date
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'ytsearchdate5:youtube-dl test video',
        'playlist_count': 5,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
        }
    }]


class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support'
    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + '_url'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/(?:results|search)\?([^#]+&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&#]|$)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
        'playlist_mincount': 5,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
        }
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=python&sp=EgIQAg%253D%253D',
        'playlist_mincount': 5,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'python',
            'title': 'python',
        }
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23cats',
        'playlist_mincount': 1,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '#cats',
            'title': '#cats',
            'entries': [{
                'url': r're:https://(www\.)?youtube\.com/hashtag/cats',
                'title': '#cats',
            }],
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        qs = parse_qs(url)
        query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
        return self.playlist_result(self._search_results(query, qs.get('sp', (None,))[0]), query, query)


class YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections (Eg: #songs)'
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:music:search_url'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://music\.youtube\.com/search\?([^#]+&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&#]|$)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music',
        'playlist_count': 16,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'royalty free music',
            'title': 'royalty free music',
        }
    }, {
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music&sp=EgWKAQIIAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ%3D%3D',
        'playlist_mincount': 30,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'royalty free music - songs',
            'title': 'royalty free music - songs',
        },
        'params': {'extract_flat': 'in_playlist'}
    }, {
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music#community+playlists',
        'playlist_mincount': 30,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'royalty free music - community playlists',
            'title': 'royalty free music - community playlists',
        },
        'params': {'extract_flat': 'in_playlist'}
    }]

    _SECTIONS = {
        'albums': 'EgWKAQIYAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
        'artists': 'EgWKAQIgAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
        'community playlists': 'EgeKAQQoAEABagoQChADEAQQCRAF',
        'featured playlists': 'EgeKAQQoADgBagwQAxAJEAQQDhAKEAU==',
        'songs': 'EgWKAQIIAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
        'videos': 'EgWKAQIQAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
    }

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        qs = parse_qs(url)
        query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
        params = qs.get('sp', (None,))[0]
        if params:
            section = next((k for k, v in self._SECTIONS.items() if v == params), params)
        else:
            section = compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus((url.split('#') + [''])[1]).lower()
            params = self._SECTIONS.get(section)
            if not params:
                section = None
        title = join_nonempty(query, section, delim=' - ')
        return self.playlist_result(self._search_results(query, params, default_client='web_music'), title, title)


class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
    """
    Base class for feed extractors
    Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME property.
    """
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
    _TESTS = []

    @property
    def IE_NAME(self):
        return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        return self.url_result(
            f'https://www.youtube.com/feed/{self._FEED_NAME}', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())


class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)'
    _VALID_URL = r':ytwatchlater'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ytwatchlater',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        return self.url_result(
            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())


class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/?(?:[?#]|$)|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
    _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ytrec',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': ':ytrecommended',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://youtube.com',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]


class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)'
    _VALID_URL = r':ytsub(?:scription)?s?'
    _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ytsubs',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': ':ytsubscriptions',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]


class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)'
    _VALID_URL = r':ythis(?:tory)?'
    _FEED_NAME = 'history'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ythistory',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]


class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
        (?:https?://)?
        (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
        (?:watch\?(?:
            feature=[a-z_]+|
            annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
            x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
            hl=[^&]*|
            t=[0-9]+
        )?
        |
            attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
        )
        $
    '''

    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        raise ExtractorError(
            'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
            'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
            'like  youtube-dl '
            '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
            ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
            expected=True)


class YoutubeClipIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:clip'
    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/clip/'

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        self.report_warning('YouTube clips are not currently supported. The entire video will be downloaded instead')
        return self.url_result(url, 'Generic')


class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'

    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        raise ExtractorError(
            'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
            expected=True)