[vidio] Fix login error detection (#582)

[yt-dlp.git] / yt_dlp / extractor / youtube.py

# coding: utf-8

from __future__ import unicode_literals

import base64
import calendar
import copy
import datetime
import hashlib
import itertools
import json
import os.path
import random
import re
import time
import traceback

from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
from ..compat import (
    compat_chr,
    compat_HTTPError,
    compat_parse_qs,
    compat_str,
    compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus,
    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
    compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
    compat_urlparse,
)
from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
from ..utils import (
    bytes_to_intlist,
    clean_html,
    datetime_from_str,
    dict_get,
    error_to_compat_str,
    ExtractorError,
    float_or_none,
    format_field,
    int_or_none,
    intlist_to_bytes,
    mimetype2ext,
    network_exceptions,
    orderedSet,
    parse_codecs,
    parse_count,
    parse_duration,
    parse_iso8601,
    qualities,
    remove_start,
    smuggle_url,
    str_or_none,
    str_to_int,
    traverse_obj,
    try_get,
    unescapeHTML,
    unified_strdate,
    unsmuggle_url,
    update_url_query,
    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
    variadic,
)


def parse_qs(url):
    return compat_urlparse.parse_qs(compat_urlparse.urlparse(url).query)


class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
    """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin'
    _TWOFACTOR_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/signin/challenge'

    _LOOKUP_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/lookup'
    _CHALLENGE_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/sl/challenge'
    _TFA_URL = 'https://accounts.google.com/_/signin/challenge?hl=en&TL={0}'

    _RESERVED_NAMES = (
        r'channel|c|user|browse|playlist|watch|w|v|embed|e|watch_popup|shorts|'
        r'movies|results|shared|hashtag|trending|feed|feeds|oembed|get_video_info|'
        r'storefront|oops|index|account|reporthistory|t/terms|about|upload|signin|logout')

    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
    # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False

    _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}|RDMM|WL|LL|LM)'

    def _login(self):
        """
        Attempt to log in to YouTube.
        True is returned if successful or skipped.
        False is returned if login failed.

        If _LOGIN_REQUIRED is set and no authentication was provided, an error is raised.
        """

        def warn(message):
            self.report_warning(message)

        # username+password login is broken
        if (self._LOGIN_REQUIRED
                and self.get_param('cookiefile') is None
                and self.get_param('cookiesfrombrowser') is None):
            self.raise_login_required(
                'Login details are needed to download this content', method='cookies')
        username, password = self._get_login_info()
        if username:
            warn('Logging in using username and password is broken. %s' % self._LOGIN_HINTS['cookies'])
        return

        # Everything below this is broken!
        r'''
        # No authentication to be performed
        if username is None:
            if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and self.get_param('cookiefile') is None:
                raise ExtractorError('No login info available, needed for using %s.' % self.IE_NAME, expected=True)
            # if self.get_param('cookiefile'):  # TODO remove 'and False' later - too many people using outdated cookies and open issues, remind them.
            #     self.to_screen('[Cookies] Reminder - Make sure to always use up to date cookies!')
            return True

        login_page = self._download_webpage(
            self._LOGIN_URL, None,
            note='Downloading login page',
            errnote='unable to fetch login page', fatal=False)
        if login_page is False:
            return

        login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)

        def req(url, f_req, note, errnote):
            data = login_form.copy()
            data.update({
                'pstMsg': 1,
                'checkConnection': 'youtube',
                'checkedDomains': 'youtube',
                'hl': 'en',
                'deviceinfo': '[null,null,null,[],null,"US",null,null,[],"GlifWebSignIn",null,[null,null,[]]]',
                'f.req': json.dumps(f_req),
                'flowName': 'GlifWebSignIn',
                'flowEntry': 'ServiceLogin',
                # TODO: reverse actual botguard identifier generation algo
                'bgRequest': '["identifier",""]',
            })
            return self._download_json(
                url, None, note=note, errnote=errnote,
                transform_source=lambda s: re.sub(r'^[^[]*', '', s),
                fatal=False,
                data=urlencode_postdata(data), headers={
                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8',
                    'Google-Accounts-XSRF': 1,
                })

        lookup_req = [
            username,
            None, [], None, 'US', None, None, 2, False, True,
            [
                None, None,
                [2, 1, None, 1,
                 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn',
                 None, [], 4],
                1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
            ],
            username,
        ]

        lookup_results = req(
            self._LOOKUP_URL, lookup_req,
            'Looking up account info', 'Unable to look up account info')

        if lookup_results is False:
            return False

        user_hash = try_get(lookup_results, lambda x: x[0][2], compat_str)
        if not user_hash:
            warn('Unable to extract user hash')
            return False

        challenge_req = [
            user_hash,
            None, 1, None, [1, None, None, None, [password, None, True]],
            [
                None, None, [2, 1, None, 1, 'https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fsignin%3Fnext%3D%252F%26action_handle_signin%3Dtrue%26hl%3Den%26app%3Ddesktop%26feature%3Dsign_in_button&hl=en&service=youtube&uilel=3&requestPath=%2FServiceLogin&Page=PasswordSeparationSignIn', None, [], 4],
                1, [None, None, []], None, None, None, True
            ]]

        challenge_results = req(
            self._CHALLENGE_URL, challenge_req,
            'Logging in', 'Unable to log in')

        if challenge_results is False:
            return

        login_res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
        if login_res:
            login_msg = try_get(login_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
            warn(
                'Unable to login: %s' % 'Invalid password'
                if login_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else login_msg)
            return False

        res = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[0][-1], list)
        if not res:
            warn('Unable to extract result entry')
            return False

        login_challenge = try_get(res, lambda x: x[0][0], list)
        if login_challenge:
            challenge_str = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)
            if challenge_str == 'TWO_STEP_VERIFICATION':
                # SEND_SUCCESS - TFA code has been successfully sent to phone
                # QUOTA_EXCEEDED - reached the limit of TFA codes
                status = try_get(login_challenge, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
                if status == 'QUOTA_EXCEEDED':
                    warn('Exceeded the limit of TFA codes, try later')
                    return False

                tl = try_get(challenge_results, lambda x: x[1][2], compat_str)
                if not tl:
                    warn('Unable to extract TL')
                    return False

                tfa_code = self._get_tfa_info('2-step verification code')

                if not tfa_code:
                    warn(
                        'Two-factor authentication required. Provide it either interactively or with --twofactor <code>'
                        '(Note that only TOTP (Google Authenticator App) codes work at this time.)')
                    return False

                tfa_code = remove_start(tfa_code, 'G-')

                tfa_req = [
                    user_hash, None, 2, None,
                    [
                        9, None, None, None, None, None, None, None,
                        [None, tfa_code, True, 2]
                    ]]

                tfa_results = req(
                    self._TFA_URL.format(tl), tfa_req,
                    'Submitting TFA code', 'Unable to submit TFA code')

                if tfa_results is False:
                    return False

                tfa_res = try_get(tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][5], list)
                if tfa_res:
                    tfa_msg = try_get(tfa_res, lambda x: x[5], compat_str)
                    warn(
                        'Unable to finish TFA: %s' % 'Invalid TFA code'
                        if tfa_msg == 'INCORRECT_ANSWER_ENTERED' else tfa_msg)
                    return False

                check_cookie_url = try_get(
                    tfa_results, lambda x: x[0][-1][2], compat_str)
            else:
                CHALLENGES = {
                    'LOGIN_CHALLENGE': "This device isn't recognized. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
                    'USERNAME_RECOVERY': 'Please provide additional information to aid in the recovery process.',
                    'REAUTH': "There is something unusual about your activity. For your security, Google wants to make sure it's really you.",
                }
                challenge = CHALLENGES.get(
                    challenge_str,
                    '%s returned error %s.' % (self.IE_NAME, challenge_str))
                warn('%s\nGo to https://accounts.google.com/, login and solve a challenge.' % challenge)
                return False
        else:
            check_cookie_url = try_get(res, lambda x: x[2], compat_str)

        if not check_cookie_url:
            warn('Unable to extract CheckCookie URL')
            return False

        check_cookie_results = self._download_webpage(
            check_cookie_url, None, 'Checking cookie', fatal=False)

        if check_cookie_results is False:
            return False

        if 'https://myaccount.google.com/' not in check_cookie_results:
            warn('Unable to log in')
            return False

        return True
        '''

    def _initialize_consent(self):
        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
        if cookies.get('__Secure-3PSID'):
            return
        consent_id = None
        consent = cookies.get('CONSENT')
        if consent:
            if 'YES' in consent.value:
                return
            consent_id = self._search_regex(
                r'PENDING\+(\d+)', consent.value, 'consent', default=None)
        if not consent_id:
            consent_id = random.randint(100, 999)
        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', 'CONSENT', 'YES+cb.20210328-17-p0.en+FX+%s' % consent_id)

    def _real_initialize(self):
        self._initialize_consent()
        if self._downloader is None:
            return
        if not self._login():
            return

    _YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE = r'(?:window\s*\[\s*["\']ytInitialData["\']\s*\]|ytInitialData)\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
    _YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE = r'ytInitialPlayerResponse\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;'
    _YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE = r'(?:var\s+meta|</script|\n)'

    _YT_DEFAULT_YTCFGS = {
        'WEB': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'WEB',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '2.20210622.10.00',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'WEB',
                    'clientVersion': '2.20210622.10.00',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1
        },
        'WEB_AGEGATE': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'WEB',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '2.20210622.10.00',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'WEB',
                    'clientVersion': '2.20210622.10.00',
                    'clientScreen': 'EMBED',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1
        },
        'WEB_REMIX': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'WEB_REMIX',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '1.20210621.00.00',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyC9XL3ZjWddXya6X74dJoCTL-WEYFDNX30',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'WEB_REMIX',
                    'clientVersion': '1.20210621.00.00',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 67
        },
        'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '1.20210620.0.1',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
                    'clientVersion': '1.20210620.0.1',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 56
        },
        'ANDROID': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'ANDROID',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '16.20',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'ANDROID',
                    'clientVersion': '16.20',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3
        },
        'ANDROID_AGEGATE': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'ANDROID',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '16.20',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'ANDROID',
                    'clientVersion': '16.20',
                    'clientScreen': 'EMBED',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3
        },
        'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '16.20',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
                    'clientVersion': '16.20',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 55
        },
        'ANDROID_MUSIC': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '4.32',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyC9XL3ZjWddXya6X74dJoCTL-WEYFDNX30',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
                    'clientVersion': '4.32',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 21
        },
        'IOS': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'IOS',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '16.20',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'IOS',
                    'clientVersion': '16.20',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5
        },
        'IOS_AGEGATE': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'IOS',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '16.20',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyAO_FJ2SlqU8Q4STEHLGCilw_Y9_11qcW8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'IOS',
                    'clientVersion': '16.20',
                    'clientScreen': 'EMBED',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5
        },
        'IOS_MUSIC': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'IOS_MUSIC',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '4.32',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyDK3iBpDP9nHVTk2qL73FLJICfOC3c51Og',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'IOS_MUSIC',
                    'clientVersion': '4.32',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 26
        },
        'IOS_MESSAGES_EXTENSION': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'IOS_MESSAGES_EXTENSION',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '16.20',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyDCU8hByM-4DrUqRUYnGn-3llEO78bcxq8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'IOS_MESSAGES_EXTENSION',
                    'clientVersion': '16.20',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 66
        },
        'MWEB': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'MWEB',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '2.20210721.07.00',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyDCU8hByM-4DrUqRUYnGn-3llEO78bcxq8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'MWEB',
                    'clientVersion': '2.20210721.07.00',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 2
        },
        'MWEB_AGEGATE': {
            'INNERTUBE_API_VERSION': 'v1',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME': 'MWEB',
            'INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION': '2.20210721.07.00',
            'INNERTUBE_API_KEY': 'AIzaSyDCU8hByM-4DrUqRUYnGn-3llEO78bcxq8',
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
                'client': {
                    'clientName': 'MWEB',
                    'clientVersion': '2.20210721.07.00',
                    'clientScreen': 'EMBED',
                    'hl': 'en',
                }
            },
            'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 2
        },
    }

    _YT_DEFAULT_INNERTUBE_HOSTS = {
        'DIRECT': 'youtubei.googleapis.com',
        'WEB': 'www.youtube.com',
        'WEB_REMIX': 'music.youtube.com',
        'ANDROID_MUSIC': 'music.youtube.com'
    }

    # clients starting with _ cannot be explicity requested by the user
    _YT_CLIENTS = {
        'android': 'ANDROID',
        'android_music': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
        'android_embedded': 'ANDROID_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
        'android_agegate': 'ANDROID_AGEGATE',
        'ios': 'IOS',
        'ios_music': 'IOS_MUSIC',
        'ios_embedded': 'IOS_MESSAGES_EXTENSION',
        'ios_agegate': 'IOS_AGEGATE',
        'web': 'WEB',
        'web_music': 'WEB_REMIX',
        'web_embedded': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
        'web_agegate': 'WEB_AGEGATE',
        'mweb': 'MWEB',
        'mweb_agegate': 'MWEB_AGEGATE',
    }

    def _get_default_ytcfg(self, client='WEB'):
        if client in self._YT_DEFAULT_YTCFGS:
            return copy.deepcopy(self._YT_DEFAULT_YTCFGS[client])
        self.write_debug(f'INNERTUBE default client {client} does not exist - falling back to WEB client.')
        return copy.deepcopy(self._YT_DEFAULT_YTCFGS['WEB'])

    def _get_innertube_host(self, client='WEB'):
        return dict_get(self._YT_DEFAULT_INNERTUBE_HOSTS, (client, 'WEB'))

    def _ytcfg_get_safe(self, ytcfg, getter, expected_type=None, default_client='WEB'):
        # try_get but with fallback to default ytcfg client values when present
        _func = lambda y: try_get(y, getter, expected_type)
        return _func(ytcfg) or _func(self._get_default_ytcfg(default_client))

    def _extract_client_name(self, ytcfg, default_client='WEB'):
        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME'], compat_str, default_client)

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_session_index(*data):
        for ytcfg in data:
            session_index = int_or_none(try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['SESSION_INDEX']))
            if session_index is not None:
                return session_index

    def _extract_client_version(self, ytcfg, default_client='WEB'):
        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION'], compat_str, default_client)

    def _extract_api_key(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='WEB'):
        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_API_KEY'], compat_str, default_client)

    def _extract_context(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='WEB'):
        _get_context = lambda y: try_get(y, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT'], dict)
        context = _get_context(ytcfg)
        if context:
            return context

        context = _get_context(self._get_default_ytcfg(default_client))
        if not ytcfg:
            return context

        # Recreate the client context (required)
        context['client'].update({
            'clientVersion': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, default_client),
            'clientName': self._extract_client_name(ytcfg, default_client),
        })
        visitor_data = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['VISITOR_DATA'], compat_str)
        if visitor_data:
            context['client']['visitorData'] = visitor_data
        return context

    def _generate_sapisidhash_header(self, origin='https://www.youtube.com'):
        # Sometimes SAPISID cookie isn't present but __Secure-3PAPISID is.
        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/393
        yt_cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com')
        sapisid_cookie = dict_get(
            yt_cookies, ('__Secure-3PAPISID', 'SAPISID'))
        if sapisid_cookie is None or not sapisid_cookie.value:
            return
        time_now = round(time.time())
        # SAPISID cookie is required if not already present
        if not yt_cookies.get('SAPISID'):
            self.write_debug('Copying __Secure-3PAPISID cookie to SAPISID cookie', only_once=True)
            self._set_cookie(
                '.youtube.com', 'SAPISID', sapisid_cookie.value, secure=True, expire_time=time_now + 3600)
        self.write_debug('Extracted SAPISID cookie', only_once=True)
        # SAPISIDHASH algorithm from https://stackoverflow.com/a/32065323
        sapisidhash = hashlib.sha1(
            f'{time_now} {sapisid_cookie.value} {origin}'.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
        return f'SAPISIDHASH {time_now}_{sapisidhash}'

    def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True, headers=None,
                  note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page',
                  context=None, api_key=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='WEB'):

        data = {'context': context} if context else {'context': self._extract_context(default_client=default_client)}
        data.update(query)
        real_headers = self.generate_api_headers(default_client=default_client)
        real_headers.update({'content-type': 'application/json'})
        if headers:
            real_headers.update(headers)
        return self._download_json(
            'https://%s/youtubei/v1/%s' % (api_hostname or self._get_innertube_host(default_client), ep),
            video_id=video_id, fatal=fatal, note=note, errnote=errnote,
            data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf8'), headers=real_headers,
            query={'key': api_key or self._extract_api_key()})

    def extract_yt_initial_data(self, video_id, webpage):
        return self._parse_json(
            self._search_regex(
                (r'%s\s*%s' % (self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, self._YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE),
                 self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE), webpage, 'yt initial data'),
            video_id)

    def _extract_identity_token(self, webpage, item_id):
        if not webpage:
            return None
        ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
        if ytcfg:
            token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['ID_TOKEN'], compat_str)
            if token:
                return token
        return self._search_regex(
            r'\bID_TOKEN["\']\s*:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage,
            'identity token', default=None)

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_account_syncid(*args):
        """
        Extract syncId required to download private playlists of secondary channels
        @params response and/or ytcfg
        """
        for data in args:
            # ytcfg includes channel_syncid if on secondary channel
            delegated_sid = try_get(data, lambda x: x['DELEGATED_SESSION_ID'], compat_str)
            if delegated_sid:
                return delegated_sid
            sync_ids = (try_get(
                data, (lambda x: x['responseContext']['mainAppWebResponseContext']['datasyncId'],
                       lambda x: x['DATASYNC_ID']), compat_str) or '').split("||")
            if len(sync_ids) >= 2 and sync_ids[1]:
                # datasyncid is of the form "channel_syncid||user_syncid" for secondary channel
                # and just "user_syncid||" for primary channel. We only want the channel_syncid
                return sync_ids[0]

    def extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
        if not webpage:
            return {}
        return self._parse_json(
            self._search_regex(
                r'ytcfg\.set\s*\(\s*({.+?})\s*\)\s*;', webpage, 'ytcfg',
                default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}

    def generate_api_headers(
            self, ytcfg=None, identity_token=None, account_syncid=None,
            visitor_data=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='WEB', session_index=None):
        origin = 'https://' + (api_hostname if api_hostname else self._get_innertube_host(default_client))
        headers = {
            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': compat_str(
                self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME'], default_client=default_client)),
            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, default_client),
            'Origin': origin
        }
        if not visitor_data and ytcfg:
            visitor_data = try_get(
                self._extract_context(ytcfg, default_client), lambda x: x['client']['visitorData'], compat_str)
        if identity_token:
            headers['X-Youtube-Identity-Token'] = identity_token
        if account_syncid:
            headers['X-Goog-PageId'] = account_syncid
        if session_index is None and ytcfg:
            session_index = self._extract_session_index(ytcfg)
        if account_syncid or session_index is not None:
            headers['X-Goog-AuthUser'] = session_index if session_index is not None else 0
        if visitor_data:
            headers['X-Goog-Visitor-Id'] = visitor_data
        auth = self._generate_sapisidhash_header(origin)
        if auth is not None:
            headers['Authorization'] = auth
            headers['X-Origin'] = origin
        return headers

    @staticmethod
    def _build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp=None):
        query = {
            'continuation': continuation
        }
        # TODO: Inconsistency with clickTrackingParams.
        # Currently we have a fixed ctp contained within context (from ytcfg)
        # and a ctp in root query for continuation.
        if ctp:
            query['clickTracking'] = {'clickTrackingParams': ctp}
        return query

    @classmethod
    def _extract_next_continuation_data(cls, renderer):
        next_continuation = try_get(
            renderer, (lambda x: x['continuations'][0]['nextContinuationData'],
                       lambda x: x['continuation']['reloadContinuationData']), dict)
        if not next_continuation:
            return
        continuation = next_continuation.get('continuation')
        if not continuation:
            return
        ctp = next_continuation.get('clickTrackingParams')
        return cls._build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp)

    @classmethod
    def _extract_continuation_ep_data(cls, continuation_ep: dict):
        if isinstance(continuation_ep, dict):
            continuation = try_get(
                continuation_ep, lambda x: x['continuationCommand']['token'], compat_str)
            if not continuation:
                return
            ctp = continuation_ep.get('clickTrackingParams')
            return cls._build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp)

    @classmethod
    def _extract_continuation(cls, renderer):
        next_continuation = cls._extract_next_continuation_data(renderer)
        if next_continuation:
            return next_continuation

        contents = []
        for key in ('contents', 'items'):
            contents.extend(try_get(renderer, lambda x: x[key], list) or [])

        for content in contents:
            if not isinstance(content, dict):
                continue
            continuation_ep = try_get(
                content, (lambda x: x['continuationItemRenderer']['continuationEndpoint'],
                          lambda x: x['continuationItemRenderer']['button']['buttonRenderer']['command']),
                dict)
            continuation = cls._extract_continuation_ep_data(continuation_ep)
            if continuation:
                return continuation

    @classmethod
    def _extract_alerts(cls, data):
        for alert_dict in try_get(data, lambda x: x['alerts'], list) or []:
            if not isinstance(alert_dict, dict):
                continue
            for alert in alert_dict.values():
                alert_type = alert.get('type')
                if not alert_type:
                    continue
                message = cls._get_text(alert, 'text')
                if message:
                    yield alert_type, message

    def _report_alerts(self, alerts, expected=True):
        errors = []
        warnings = []
        for alert_type, alert_message in alerts:
            if alert_type.lower() == 'error':
                errors.append([alert_type, alert_message])
            else:
                warnings.append([alert_type, alert_message])

        for alert_type, alert_message in (warnings + errors[:-1]):
            self.report_warning('YouTube said: %s - %s' % (alert_type, alert_message))
        if errors:
            raise ExtractorError('YouTube said: %s' % errors[-1][1], expected=expected)

    def _extract_and_report_alerts(self, data, *args, **kwargs):
        return self._report_alerts(self._extract_alerts(data), *args, **kwargs)

    def _extract_badges(self, renderer: dict):
        badges = set()
        for badge in try_get(renderer, lambda x: x['badges'], list) or []:
            label = try_get(badge, lambda x: x['metadataBadgeRenderer']['label'], compat_str)
            if label:
                badges.add(label.lower())
        return badges

    @staticmethod
    def _get_text(data, *path_list, max_runs=None):
        for path in path_list or [None]:
            if path is None:
                obj = [data]
            else:
                obj = traverse_obj(data, path, default=[])
                if not any(key is ... or isinstance(key, (list, tuple)) for key in variadic(path)):
                    obj = [obj]
            for item in obj:
                text = try_get(item, lambda x: x['simpleText'], compat_str)
                if text:
                    return text
                runs = try_get(item, lambda x: x['runs'], list) or []
                if not runs and isinstance(item, list):
                    runs = item

                runs = runs[:min(len(runs), max_runs or len(runs))]
                text = ''.join(traverse_obj(runs, (..., 'text'), expected_type=str, default=[]))
                if text:
                    return text

    def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers=None,
                          ytcfg=None, check_get_keys=None, ep='browse', fatal=True, api_hostname=None,
                          default_client='WEB'):
        response = None
        last_error = None
        count = -1
        retries = self.get_param('extractor_retries', 3)
        if check_get_keys is None:
            check_get_keys = []
        while count < retries:
            count += 1
            if last_error:
                self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % last_error)
            try:
                response = self._call_api(
                    ep=ep, fatal=True, headers=headers,
                    video_id=item_id, query=query,
                    context=self._extract_context(ytcfg, default_client),
                    api_key=self._extract_api_key(ytcfg, default_client),
                    api_hostname=api_hostname, default_client=default_client,
                    note='%s%s' % (note, ' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''))
            except ExtractorError as e:
                if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
                    # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
                    # Sometimes a 404 is also recieved. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
                    # We also want to catch all other network exceptions since errors in later pages can be troublesome
                    # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/507#issuecomment-880188210
                    if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
                        last_error = error_to_compat_str(e.cause or e)
                        if count < retries:
                            continue
                if fatal:
                    raise
                else:
                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
                    return

            else:
                # Youtube may send alerts if there was an issue with the continuation page
                try:
                    self._extract_and_report_alerts(response, expected=False)
                except ExtractorError as e:
                    if fatal:
                        raise
                    self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e))
                    return
                if not check_get_keys or dict_get(response, check_get_keys):
                    break
                # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
                # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
                last_error = 'Incomplete data received'
                if count >= retries:
                    if fatal:
                        raise ExtractorError(last_error)
                    else:
                        self.report_warning(last_error)
                        return
        return response

    @staticmethod
    def is_music_url(url):
        return re.match(r'https?://music\.youtube\.com/', url) is not None

    def _extract_video(self, renderer):
        video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
        title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')
        description = self._get_text(renderer, 'descriptionSnippet')
        duration = parse_duration(self._get_text(
            renderer, 'lengthText', ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'text')))
        view_count_text = self._get_text(renderer, 'viewCountText') or ''
        view_count = str_to_int(self._search_regex(
            r'^([\d,]+)', re.sub(r'\s', '', view_count_text),
            'view count', default=None))

        uploader = self._get_text(renderer, 'ownerText', 'shortBylineText')

        return {
            '_type': 'url',
            'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
            'id': video_id,
            'url': video_id,
            'title': title,
            'description': description,
            'duration': duration,
            'view_count': view_count,
            'uploader': uploader,
        }


class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com'
    _INVIDIOUS_SITES = (
        # invidious-redirect websites
        r'(?:www\.)?redirect\.invidious\.io',
        r'(?:(?:www|dev)\.)?invidio\.us',
        # Invidious instances taken from https://github.com/iv-org/documentation/blob/master/Invidious-Instances.md
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.pussthecat\.org',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zee\.li',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ethibox\.fr',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.3o7z6yfxhbw7n3za4rss6l434kmv55cgw2vuziwuigpwegswvwzqipyd\.onion',
        # youtube-dl invidious instances list
        r'(?:(?:www|no)\.)?invidiou\.sh',
        r'(?:(?:www|fi)\.)?invidious\.snopyta\.org',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.kabi\.tk',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.mastodon\.host',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zapashcanon\.fr',
        r'(?:www\.)?(?:invidious(?:-us)?|piped)\.kavin\.rocks',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tinfoil-hat\.net',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.himiko\.cloud',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.reallyancient\.tech',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tube',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidiou\.site',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.site',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.xyz',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.nixnet\.xyz',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.048596\.xyz',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.drycat\.fr',
        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.skyn3t\.in',
        r'(?:www\.)?tube\.poal\.co',
        r'(?:www\.)?tube\.connect\.cafe',
        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.wxzm\.sx',
        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.mint\.lgbt',
        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.puffyan\.us',
        r'(?:www\.)?yewtu\.be',
        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.elukerio\.org',
        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.lelux\.fi',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ggc-project\.de',
        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.maisputain\.ovh',
        r'(?:www\.)?ytprivate\.com',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.toot\.koeln',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.fdn\.fr',
        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.nettohikari\.com',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.namazso\.eu',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.silkky\.cloud',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.exonip\.de',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.riverside\.rocks',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.blamefran\.net',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.moomoo\.de',
        r'(?:www\.)?ytb\.trom\.tf',
        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.cyberhost\.uk',
        r'(?:www\.)?kgg2m7yk5aybusll\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?qklhadlycap4cnod\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?axqzx4s6s54s32yentfqojs3x5i7faxza6xo3ehd4bzzsg2ii4fv2iid\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?c7hqkpkpemu6e7emz5b4vyz7idjgdvgaaa3dyimmeojqbgpea3xqjoid\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?fz253lmuao3strwbfbmx46yu7acac2jz27iwtorgmbqlkurlclmancad\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.l4qlywnpwqsluw65ts7md3khrivpirse744un3x7mlskqauz5pyuzgqd\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?owxfohz4kjyv25fvlqilyxast7inivgiktls3th44jhk3ej3i7ya\.b32\.i2p',
        r'(?:www\.)?4l2dgddgsrkf2ous66i6seeyi6etzfgrue332grh2n7madpwopotugyd\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?w6ijuptxiku4xpnnaetxvnkc5vqcdu7mgns2u77qefoixi63vbvnpnqd\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?kbjggqkzv65ivcqj6bumvp337z6264huv5kpkwuv6gu5yjiskvan7fad\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?grwp24hodrefzvjjuccrkw3mjq4tzhaaq32amf33dzpmuxe7ilepcmad\.onion',
        r'(?:www\.)?hpniueoejy4opn7bc4ftgazyqjoeqwlvh2uiku2xqku6zpoa4bf5ruid\.onion',
    )
    _VALID_URL = r"""(?x)^
                     (
                         (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
                         (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com|
                            (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com|
                            (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com|
                            (?:www\.)?hooktube\.com|
                            (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com|
                            tube\.majestyc\.net|
                            %(invidious)s|
                            youtube\.googleapis\.com)/                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
                         (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
                         (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
                             (?:(?:v|embed|e)/(?!videoseries))                # v/ or embed/ or e/
                             |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
                                 (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
                                 (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
                                 (?:.*?[&;])??                                # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx or ?s=tuff&amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY)
                                 v=
                             )
                         ))
                         |(?:
                            youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
                            vid\.plus|                                        # or vid.plus/xxxx
                            zwearz\.com/watch|                                # or zwearz.com/watch/xxxx
                            %(invidious)s
                         )/
                         |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
                         )
                     )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
                     (?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})                                # here is it! the YouTube video ID
                     (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
                     (?:\#|$)""" % {
        'invidious': '|'.join(_INVIDIOUS_SITES),
    }
    _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
        r'/s/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player',
        r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player(?:_ias\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?|-plasma-ias-(?:phone|tablet)-[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]{2}\.vflset)/base\.js$',
        r'\b(?P<id>vfl[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\b.*?\.js$',
    )
    _formats = {
        '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
        '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
        '13': {'ext': '3gp', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
        '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
        '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 96, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        # itag 36 videos are either 320x180 (BaW_jenozKc) or 320x240 (__2ABJjxzNo), abr varies as well
        '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
        '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},


        # 3D videos
        '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
        '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
        '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
        '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
        '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
        '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
        '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},

        # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
        '91': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
        '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},

        # DASH mp4 video
        '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
        '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '212': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
        '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
        '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
        '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},

        # Dash mp4 audio
        '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '256': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '258': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '325': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'dtse', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
        '328': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'ec-3', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},

        # Dash webm
        '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
        '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        # itag 272 videos are either 3840x2160 (e.g. RtoitU2A-3E) or 7680x4320 (sLprVF6d7Ug)
        '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
        '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
        '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
        '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
        '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},

        # Dash webm audio
        '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128},
        '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256},

        # Dash webm audio with opus inside
        '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50},
        '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70},
        '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160},

        # RTMP (unnamed)
        '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},

        # av01 video only formats sometimes served with "unknown" codecs
        '394': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
        '395': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
        '396': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
        '397': {'acodec': 'none', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
    }
    _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')

    _AGE_GATE_REASONS = (
        'Sign in to confirm your age',
        'This video may be inappropriate for some users.',
        'Sorry, this content is age-restricted.')

    _GEO_BYPASS = False

    IE_NAME = 'youtube'
    _TESTS = [
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&t=1s&end=9',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                'uploader_id': 'phihag',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
                'upload_date': '20121002',
                'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
                'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
                'duration': 10,
                'view_count': int,
                'like_count': int,
                'dislike_count': int,
                'start_time': 1,
                'end_time': 9,
            }
        },
        {
            'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
            'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'upload_date': '20120608',
                'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
                'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
                'uploader': 'SET India',
                'uploader_id': 'setindia',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/setindia',
                'age_limit': 18,
            },
            'skip': 'Private video',
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
            'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                'uploader_id': 'phihag',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
                'upload_date': '20121002',
                'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭𝕐\ntest URL: https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/1892\n\nThis is a test video for youtube-dl.\n\nFor more information, contact phihag@phihag.de .',
                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
                'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
                'duration': 10,
                'view_count': int,
                'like_count': int,
                'dislike_count': int,
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
            'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
                'ext': 'm4a',
                'upload_date': '20121002',
                'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/8KVIDEO',
                'description': '',
                'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
                'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
            },
            'params': {
                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
                'format': '141',
            },
            'skip': 'format 141 not served anymore',
        },
        # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
                'ext': 'm4a',
                'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
                'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
                'duration': 244,
                'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
                'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
                'upload_date': '20131011',
                'abr': 129.495,
            },
            'params': {
                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
                'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
            },
        },
        # Normal age-gate video (embed allowed)
        {
            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
                'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
                'duration': 142,
                'uploader': 'The Witcher',
                'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/WitcherGame',
                'upload_date': '20140605',
                'age_limit': 18,
            },
        },
        # video_info is None (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
        # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
        {
            'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'duration': 266,
                'upload_date': '20100430',
                'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/deadmau5',
                'creator': 'deadmau5',
                'description': 'md5:6cbcd3a92ce1bc676fc4d6ab4ace2336',
                'uploader': 'deadmau5',
                'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
                'alt_title': 'Some Chords',
            },
            'expected_warnings': [
                'DASH manifest missing',
            ]
        },
        # Olympics (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
        {
            'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'duration': 6085,
                'upload_date': '20150827',
                'uploader_id': 'olympic',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
                'description': 'HO09  - Women -  GER-AUS - Hockey - 31 July 2012 - London 2012 Olympic Games',
                'uploader': 'Olympics',
                'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
            }
        },
        # Non-square pixels
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
                'duration': 85,
                'upload_date': '20110310',
                'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/AllenMeow',
                'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
                'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
                'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
            },
        },
        # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
        {
            'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
                'ext': 'webm',
                'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
                'description': '',
                'upload_date': '20150404',
                'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
                'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
            },
            'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
        },
        # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
                'ext': 'webm',
                'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
                'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
                'duration': 220,
                'upload_date': '20150625',
                'uploader_id': 'dorappi2000',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/dorappi2000',
                'uploader': 'dorappi2000',
                'formats': 'mincount:31',
            },
            'skip': 'not actual anymore',
        },
        # DASH manifest with segment_list
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
            'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
                'uploader': 'Airtek',
                'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
                'uploader_id': 'UCzTzUmjXxxacNnL8I3m4LnQ',
                'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
            },
            'params': {
                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
                'format': '135',  # bestvideo
            },
            'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
        },
        {
            # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL is for Main Camera
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvGDaLqkpTg',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'jvGDaLqkpTg',
                'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever',
                'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
            },
            'playlist': [{
                'info_dict': {
                    'id': 'jvGDaLqkpTg',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever (Main Camera)',
                    'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
                    'duration': 10643,
                    'upload_date': '20161111',
                    'uploader': 'Team PGP',
                    'uploader_id': 'UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                    'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                },
            }, {
                'info_dict': {
                    'id': '3AKt1R1aDnw',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever (Camera 2)',
                    'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
                    'duration': 10991,
                    'upload_date': '20161111',
                    'uploader': 'Team PGP',
                    'uploader_id': 'UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                    'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                },
            }, {
                'info_dict': {
                    'id': 'RtAMM00gpVc',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever (Camera 3)',
                    'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
                    'duration': 10995,
                    'upload_date': '20161111',
                    'uploader': 'Team PGP',
                    'uploader_id': 'UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                    'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                },
            }, {
                'info_dict': {
                    'id': '6N2fdlP3C5U',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'title': 'Tom Clancy Free Weekend Rainbow Whatever (Camera 4)',
                    'description': 'md5:e03b909557865076822aa169218d6a5d',
                    'duration': 10990,
                    'upload_date': '20161111',
                    'uploader': 'Team PGP',
                    'uploader_id': 'UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                    'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UChORY56LMMETTuGjXaJXvLg',
                },
            }],
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfLd0zydlo',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'gVfLd0zydlo',
                'title': 'DevConf.cz 2016 Day 2 Workshops 1 14:00 - 15:30',
            },
            'playlist_count': 2,
            'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://zwearz.com/watch/9lWxNJF-ufM/electra-woman-dyna-girl-official-trailer-grace-helbig.html',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
            # Also tests cut-off URL expansion in video description (see
            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1892,
            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8164)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
                'alt_title': 'Dark Walk',
                'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
                'duration': 133,
                'upload_date': '20151119',
                'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IronSoulElf',
                'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
                'creator': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
                'track': 'Dark Walk',
                'artist': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
                'album': 'Position Music - Production Music Vol. 143 - Dark Walk',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
                'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
                'upload_date': '20151107',
                'uploader_id': 'UCCr7TALkRbo3EtFzETQF1LA',
                'uploader': 'CH GAMER DROID',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
        },
        {
            # Video with incomplete 'yt:stretch=16:'
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRhJzUSJbGI',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Video licensed under Creative Commons
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'M4gD1WSo5mA',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'md5:e41008789470fc2533a3252216f1c1d1',
                'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
                'duration': 721,
                'upload_date': '20150127',
                'uploader_id': 'BerkmanCenter',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/BerkmanCenter',
                'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
                'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # Channel-like uploader_url
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Democratic Socialism and Foreign Policy | Bernie Sanders',
                'description': 'md5:13a2503d7b5904ef4b223aa101628f39',
                'duration': 4060,
                'upload_date': '20151119',
                'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
                'uploader_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
                'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # YouTube Red paid video (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10059)
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1Ko8UG-Tdo',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Rental video preview
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'uGpuVWrhIzE',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
                'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
                'upload_date': '20150811',
                'uploader': 'FlixMatrix',
                'uploader_id': 'FlixMatrixKaravan',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/FlixMatrixKaravan',
                'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'This video is not available.',
        },
        {
            # YouTube Red video with episode data
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqKdEhx-dD4',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'iqKdEhx-dD4',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Isolation - Mind Field (Ep 1)',
                'description': 'md5:f540112edec5d09fc8cc752d3d4ba3cd',
                'duration': 2085,
                'upload_date': '20170118',
                'uploader': 'Vsauce',
                'uploader_id': 'Vsauce',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Vsauce',
                'series': 'Mind Field',
                'season_number': 1,
                'episode_number': 1,
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'expected_warnings': [
                'Skipping DASH manifest',
            ],
        },
        {
            # The following content has been identified by the YouTube community
            # as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SJNVb0GnPI',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '6SJNVb0GnPI',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Race Differences in Intelligence',
                'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
                'duration': 965,
                'upload_date': '20140124',
                'uploader': 'New Century Foundation',
                'uploader_id': 'UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'This video has been removed for violating YouTube\'s policy on hate speech.',
        },
        {
            # itag 212
            'url': '1t24XAntNCY',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # geo restricted to JP
            'url': 'sJL6WA-aGkQ',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://invidio.us/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://redirect.invidious.io/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # from https://nitter.pussthecat.org/YouTube/status/1360363141947944964#m
            'url': 'https://redirect.invidious.io/Yh0AhrY9GjA',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # DRM protected
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7_qI6_mIXc',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # Video with unsupported adaptive stream type formats
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Vy8R84T1U',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'Z4Vy8R84T1U',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'saman SMAN 53 Jakarta(Sancety) opening COFFEE4th at SMAN 53 Jakarta',
                'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
                'duration': 433,
                'upload_date': '20130923',
                'uploader': 'Amelia Putri Harwita',
                'uploader_id': 'UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
                'formats': 'maxcount:10',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': False,
            },
            'skip': 'not actual anymore',
        },
        {
            # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'MgNrAu2pzNs',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Voyeur Girl',
                'description': 'md5:7ae382a65843d6df2685993e90a8628f',
                'upload_date': '20190312',
                'uploader': 'Stephen - Topic',
                'uploader_id': 'UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
                'artist': 'Stephen',
                'track': 'Voyeur Girl',
                'album': 'it\'s too much love to know my dear',
                'release_date': '20190313',
                'release_year': 2019,
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=3b8nCWDgZ6Q',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # invalid -> valid video id redirection
            'url': 'DJztXj2GPfl',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'DJztXj2GPfk',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Panjabi MC - Mundian To Bach Ke (The Dictator Soundtrack)',
                'description': 'md5:bf577a41da97918e94fa9798d9228825',
                'upload_date': '20090125',
                'uploader': 'Prochorowka',
                'uploader_id': 'Prochorowka',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Prochorowka',
                'artist': 'Panjabi MC',
                'track': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian to Bach Ke) - Motivo Hi-Lectro Remix',
                'album': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach Ke)',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
            'skip': 'Video unavailable',
        },
        {
            # empty description results in an empty string
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x41yOUIvK2k',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'x41yOUIvK2k',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'IMG 3456',
                'description': '',
                'upload_date': '20170613',
                'uploader_id': 'ElevageOrVert',
                'uploader': 'ElevageOrVert',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # with '};' inside yt initial data (see [1])
            # see [2] for an example with '};' inside ytInitialPlayerResponse
            # 1. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/27093
            # 2. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/27216
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHqg6qOn4no',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'CHqg6qOn4no',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Part 77   Sort a list of simple types in c#',
                'description': 'md5:b8746fa52e10cdbf47997903f13b20dc',
                'upload_date': '20130831',
                'uploader_id': 'kudvenkat',
                'uploader': 'kudvenkat',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # another example of '};' in ytInitialData
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfgbahppCY',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=63RmMXCd_bQ',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/28094
            'url': 'OtqTfy26tG0',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'OtqTfy26tG0',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Burn Out',
                'description': 'md5:8d07b84dcbcbfb34bc12a56d968b6131',
                'upload_date': '20141120',
                'uploader': 'The Cinematic Orchestra - Topic',
                'uploader_id': 'UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
                'artist': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
                'track': 'Burn Out',
                'album': 'Every Day',
                'release_data': None,
                'release_year': None,
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        },
        {
            # controversial video, only works with bpctr when authenticated with cookies
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGC3D_FkCmg',
            'only_matching': True,
        },
        {
            # controversial video, requires bpctr/contentCheckOk
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZJvDhaSDnc',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'SZJvDhaSDnc',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'San Diego teen commits suicide after bullying over embarrassing video',
                'channel_id': 'UC-SJ6nODDmufqBzPBwCvYvQ',
                'uploader': 'CBS This Morning',
                'uploader_id': 'CBSThisMorning',
                'upload_date': '20140716',
                'description': 'md5:acde3a73d3f133fc97e837a9f76b53b7'
            }
        },
        {
            # restricted location, https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28685
            'url': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': '4K Ueno Okachimachi  Street  Scenes  上野御徒町歩き',
                'description': 'md5:ea770e474b7cd6722b4c95b833c03630',
                'upload_date': '20201120',
                'uploader': 'Walk around Japan',
                'uploader_id': 'UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
            },
        }, {
            # Has multiple audio streams
            'url': 'WaOKSUlf4TM',
            'only_matching': True
        }, {
            # Requires Premium: has format 141 when requested using YTM url
            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=XclachpHxis',
            'only_matching': True
        }, {
            # multiple subtitles with same lang_code
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsQiKKfKxug',
            'only_matching': True,
        }, {
            # Force use android client fallback
            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOelRv7fMxY',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'YOelRv7fMxY',
                'title': 'DIGGING A SECRET TUNNEL Part 1',
                'ext': '3gp',
                'upload_date': '20210624',
                'channel_id': 'UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
                'uploader': 'colinfurze',
                'uploader_id': 'colinfurze',
                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
                'description': 'md5:b5096f56af7ccd7a555c84db81738b22'
            },
            'params': {
                'format': '17',  # 3gp format available on android
                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['android']}},
            },
        },
        {
            # Skip download of additional client configs (remix client config in this case)
            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
            'only_matching': True,
            'params': {
                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_skip': ['configs']}},
            },
        }
    ]

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
        # Hack for lazy extractors until more generic solution is implemented
        # (see #28780)
        from .youtube import parse_qs
        qs = parse_qs(url)
        if qs.get('list', [None])[0]:
            return False
        return super(YoutubeIE, cls).suitable(url)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(YoutubeIE, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self._code_cache = {}
        self._player_cache = {}

    def _extract_player_url(self, ytcfg=None, webpage=None):
        player_url = try_get(ytcfg, (lambda x: x['PLAYER_JS_URL']), str)
        if not player_url and webpage:
            player_url = self._search_regex(
                r'"(?:PLAYER_JS_URL|jsUrl)"\s*:\s*"([^"]+)"',
                webpage, 'player URL', fatal=False)
        if not player_url:
            return None
        if player_url.startswith('//'):
            player_url = 'https:' + player_url
        elif not re.match(r'https?://', player_url):
            player_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
                'https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
        return player_url

    def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
        """ Return a string representation of a signature """
        return '.'.join(compat_str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))

    @classmethod
    def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
        for player_re in cls._PLAYER_INFO_RE:
            id_m = re.search(player_re, player_url)
            if id_m:
                break
        else:
            raise ExtractorError('Cannot identify player %r' % player_url)
        return id_m.group('id')

    def _load_player(self, video_id, player_url, fatal=True) -> bool:
        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
        if player_id not in self._code_cache:
            self._code_cache[player_id] = self._download_webpage(
                player_url, video_id, fatal=fatal,
                note='Downloading player ' + player_id,
                errnote='Download of %s failed' % player_url)
        return player_id in self._code_cache

    def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)

        # Read from filesystem cache
        func_id = 'js_%s_%s' % (
            player_id, self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
        assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id

        cache_spec = self._downloader.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id)
        if cache_spec is not None:
            return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)

        if self._load_player(video_id, player_url):
            code = self._code_cache[player_id]
            res = self._parse_sig_js(code)

            test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
            cache_res = res(test_string)
            cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]

            self._downloader.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
            return res

    def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
        def gen_sig_code(idxs):
            def _genslice(start, end, step):
                starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
                ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
                steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
                return 's[%s%s%s]' % (starts, ends, steps)

            step = None
            # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
            start = '(Never used)'
            for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
                if step is not None:
                    if i - prev == step:
                        continue
                    yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
                    step = None
                    continue
                if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
                    step = i - prev
                    start = prev
                    continue
                else:
                    yield 's[%d]' % prev
            if step is None:
                yield 's[%d]' % i
            else:
                yield _genslice(start, i, step)

        test_string = ''.join(map(compat_chr, range(len(example_sig))))
        cache_res = func(test_string)
        cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
        expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
        signature_id_tuple = '(%s)' % (
            ', '.join(compat_str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
        code = ('if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == %s:\n'
                '    return %s\n') % (signature_id_tuple, expr_code)
        self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)

    def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
        funcname = self._search_regex(
            (r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\bm=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\(decodeURIComponent\(h\.s\)\)',
             r'\bc&&\(c=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\(decodeURIComponent\(c\)\)',
             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\);[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\(a,\d+\)',
             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
             r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
             # Obsolete patterns
             r'(["\'])signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\bc\s*&&\s*a\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
             r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
            jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')

        jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
        initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
        return lambda s: initial_function([s])

    def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url):
        """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""

        if player_url is None:
            raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt signature without player_url')

        try:
            player_id = (player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
            if player_id not in self._player_cache:
                func = self._extract_signature_function(
                    video_id, player_url, s
                )
                self._player_cache[player_id] = func
            func = self._player_cache[player_id]
            if self.get_param('youtube_print_sig_code'):
                self._print_sig_code(func, s)
            return func(s)
        except Exception as e:
            tb = traceback.format_exc()
            raise ExtractorError(
                'Signature extraction failed: ' + tb, cause=e)

    def _extract_signature_timestamp(self, video_id, player_url, ytcfg=None, fatal=False):
        """
        Extract signatureTimestamp (sts)
        Required to tell API what sig/player version is in use.
        """
        sts = None
        if isinstance(ytcfg, dict):
            sts = int_or_none(ytcfg.get('STS'))

        if not sts:
            # Attempt to extract from player
            if player_url is None:
                error_msg = 'Cannot extract signature timestamp without player_url.'
                if fatal:
                    raise ExtractorError(error_msg)
                self.report_warning(error_msg)
                return
            if self._load_player(video_id, player_url, fatal=fatal):
                player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
                code = self._code_cache[player_id]
                sts = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                    r'(?:signatureTimestamp|sts)\s*:\s*(?P<sts>[0-9]{5})', code,
                    'JS player signature timestamp', group='sts', fatal=fatal))
        return sts

    def _mark_watched(self, video_id, player_responses):
        playback_url = traverse_obj(
            player_responses, (..., 'playbackTracking', 'videostatsPlaybackUrl', 'baseUrl'),
            expected_type=url_or_none, get_all=False)
        if not playback_url:
            self.report_warning('Unable to mark watched')
            return
        parsed_playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(playback_url)
        qs = compat_urlparse.parse_qs(parsed_playback_url.query)

        # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
        # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
        CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
        cpn = ''.join((CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(0, 16)))

        qs.update({
            'ver': ['2'],
            'cpn': [cpn],
        })
        playback_url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
            parsed_playback_url._replace(query=compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(qs, True)))

        self._download_webpage(
            playback_url, video_id, 'Marking watched',
            'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_urls(webpage):
        # Embedded YouTube player
        entries = [
            unescapeHTML(mobj.group('url'))
            for mobj in re.finditer(r'''(?x)
            (?:
                <iframe[^>]+?src=|
                data-video-url=|
                <embed[^>]+?src=|
                embedSWF\(?:\s*|
                <object[^>]+data=|
                new\s+SWFObject\(
            )
            (["\'])
                (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
                (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
            \1''', webpage)]

        # lazyYT YouTube embed
        entries.extend(list(map(
            unescapeHTML,
            re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage))))

        # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
        matches = re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
            class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
            data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage)
        entries.extend(m[-1] for m in matches)

        return entries

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_url(webpage):
        urls = YoutubeIE._extract_urls(webpage)
        return urls[0] if urls else None

    @classmethod
    def extract_id(cls, url):
        mobj = re.match(cls._VALID_URL, url, re.VERBOSE)
        if mobj is None:
            raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL: %s' % url)
        video_id = mobj.group(2)
        return video_id

    def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, data, duration):
        chapter_list = traverse_obj(
            data, (
                'playerOverlays', 'playerOverlayRenderer', 'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer',
                'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer', 'playerBar', 'chapteredPlayerBarRenderer', 'chapters'
            ), expected_type=list)

        return self._extract_chapters(
            chapter_list,
            chapter_time=lambda chapter: float_or_none(
                traverse_obj(chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'timeRangeStartMillis')), scale=1000),
            chapter_title=lambda chapter: traverse_obj(
                chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'title', 'simpleText'), expected_type=str),
            duration=duration)

    def _extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(self, data, duration):
        content_list = traverse_obj(
            data,
            ('engagementPanels', ..., 'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'content', 'macroMarkersListRenderer', 'contents'),
            expected_type=list, default=[])
        chapter_time = lambda chapter: parse_duration(self._get_text(chapter, 'timeDescription'))
        chapter_title = lambda chapter: self._get_text(chapter, 'title')

        return next((
            filter(None, (
                self._extract_chapters(
                    traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'macroMarkersListItemRenderer')),
                    chapter_time, chapter_title, duration)
                for contents in content_list
            ))), [])

    def _extract_chapters(self, chapter_list, chapter_time, chapter_title, duration):
        chapters = []
        last_chapter = {'start_time': 0}
        for idx, chapter in enumerate(chapter_list or []):
            title = chapter_title(chapter)
            start_time = chapter_time(chapter)
            if start_time is None:
                continue
            last_chapter['end_time'] = start_time
            if start_time < last_chapter['start_time']:
                if idx == 1:
                    chapters.pop()
                    self.report_warning('Invalid start time for chapter "%s"' % last_chapter['title'])
                else:
                    self.report_warning(f'Invalid start time for chapter "{title}"')
                    continue
            last_chapter = {'start_time': start_time, 'title': title}
            chapters.append(last_chapter)
        last_chapter['end_time'] = duration
        return chapters

    def _extract_yt_initial_variable(self, webpage, regex, video_id, name):
        return self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
            (r'%s\s*%s' % (regex, self._YT_INITIAL_BOUNDARY_RE),
             regex), webpage, name, default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False)

    @staticmethod
    def parse_time_text(time_text):
        """
        Parse the comment time text
        time_text is in the format 'X units ago (edited)'
        """
        time_text_split = time_text.split(' ')
        if len(time_text_split) >= 3:
            try:
                return datetime_from_str('now-%s%s' % (time_text_split[0], time_text_split[1]), precision='auto')
            except ValueError:
                return None

    def _extract_comment(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
        comment_id = comment_renderer.get('commentId')
        if not comment_id:
            return

        text = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'contentText')

        # note: timestamp is an estimate calculated from the current time and time_text
        time_text = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'publishedTimeText') or ''
        time_text_dt = self.parse_time_text(time_text)
        if isinstance(time_text_dt, datetime.datetime):
            timestamp = calendar.timegm(time_text_dt.timetuple())
        author = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'authorText')
        author_id = try_get(comment_renderer,
                            lambda x: x['authorEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], compat_str)

        votes = parse_count(try_get(comment_renderer, (lambda x: x['voteCount']['simpleText'],
                                                       lambda x: x['likeCount']), compat_str)) or 0
        author_thumbnail = try_get(comment_renderer,
                                   lambda x: x['authorThumbnail']['thumbnails'][-1]['url'], compat_str)

        author_is_uploader = try_get(comment_renderer, lambda x: x['authorIsChannelOwner'], bool)
        is_favorited = 'creatorHeart' in (try_get(
            comment_renderer, lambda x: x['actionButtons']['commentActionButtonsRenderer'], dict) or {})
        return {
            'id': comment_id,
            'text': text,
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'time_text': time_text,
            'like_count': votes,
            'is_favorited': is_favorited,
            'author': author,
            'author_id': author_id,
            'author_thumbnail': author_thumbnail,
            'author_is_uploader': author_is_uploader,
            'parent': parent or 'root'
        }

    def _comment_entries(self, root_continuation_data, identity_token, account_syncid,
                         ytcfg, video_id, parent=None, comment_counts=None):

        def extract_header(contents):
            _total_comments = 0
            _continuation = None
            for content in contents:
                comments_header_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['commentsHeaderRenderer'])
                expected_comment_count = parse_count(self._get_text(
                    comments_header_renderer, 'countText', 'commentsCount', max_runs=1))

                if expected_comment_count:
                    comment_counts[1] = expected_comment_count
                    self.to_screen('Downloading ~%d comments' % expected_comment_count)
                    _total_comments = comment_counts[1]
                sort_mode_str = self._configuration_arg('comment_sort', [''])[0]
                comment_sort_index = int(sort_mode_str != 'top')  # 1 = new, 0 = top

                sort_menu_item = try_get(
                    comments_header_renderer,
                    lambda x: x['sortMenu']['sortFilterSubMenuRenderer']['subMenuItems'][comment_sort_index], dict) or {}
                sort_continuation_ep = sort_menu_item.get('serviceEndpoint') or {}

                _continuation = self._extract_continuation_ep_data(sort_continuation_ep) or self._extract_continuation(sort_menu_item)
                if not _continuation:
                    continue

                sort_text = sort_menu_item.get('title')
                if isinstance(sort_text, compat_str):
                    sort_text = sort_text.lower()
                else:
                    sort_text = 'top comments' if comment_sort_index == 0 else 'newest first'
                self.to_screen('Sorting comments by %s' % sort_text)
                break
            return _total_comments, _continuation

        def extract_thread(contents):
            if not parent:
                comment_counts[2] = 0
            for content in contents:
                comment_thread_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['commentThreadRenderer'])
                comment_renderer = try_get(
                    comment_thread_renderer, (lambda x: x['comment']['commentRenderer'], dict)) or try_get(
                    content, (lambda x: x['commentRenderer'], dict))

                if not comment_renderer:
                    continue
                comment = self._extract_comment(comment_renderer, parent)
                if not comment:
                    continue
                comment_counts[0] += 1
                yield comment
                # Attempt to get the replies
                comment_replies_renderer = try_get(
                    comment_thread_renderer, lambda x: x['replies']['commentRepliesRenderer'], dict)

                if comment_replies_renderer:
                    comment_counts[2] += 1
                    comment_entries_iter = self._comment_entries(
                        comment_replies_renderer, identity_token, account_syncid, ytcfg,
                        video_id, parent=comment.get('id'), comment_counts=comment_counts)

                    for reply_comment in comment_entries_iter:
                        yield reply_comment

        # YouTube comments have a max depth of 2
        max_depth = int_or_none(self._configuration_arg('max_comment_depth', [''])[0]) or float('inf')
        if max_depth == 1 and parent:
            return
        if not comment_counts:
            # comment so far, est. total comments, current comment thread #
            comment_counts = [0, 0, 0]

        continuation = self._extract_continuation(root_continuation_data)
        if continuation and len(continuation['continuation']) < 27:
            self.write_debug('Detected old API continuation token. Generating new API compatible token.')
            continuation_token = self._generate_comment_continuation(video_id)
            continuation = self._build_api_continuation_query(continuation_token, None)

        visitor_data = None
        is_first_continuation = parent is None

        for page_num in itertools.count(0):
            if not continuation:
                break
            headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg, identity_token, account_syncid, visitor_data)
            comment_prog_str = '(%d/%d)' % (comment_counts[0], comment_counts[1])
            if page_num == 0:
                if is_first_continuation:
                    note_prefix = 'Downloading comment section API JSON'
                else:
                    note_prefix = '    Downloading comment API JSON reply thread %d %s' % (
                        comment_counts[2], comment_prog_str)
            else:
                note_prefix = '%sDownloading comment%s API JSON page %d %s' % (
                    '       ' if parent else '', ' replies' if parent else '',
                    page_num, comment_prog_str)

            response = self._extract_response(
                item_id=None, query=continuation,
                ep='next', ytcfg=ytcfg, headers=headers, note=note_prefix,
                check_get_keys=('onResponseReceivedEndpoints', 'continuationContents'))
            if not response:
                break
            visitor_data = try_get(
                response,
                lambda x: x['responseContext']['webResponseContextExtensionData']['ytConfigData']['visitorData'],
                compat_str) or visitor_data

            continuation_contents = dict_get(response, ('onResponseReceivedEndpoints', 'continuationContents'))

            continuation = None
            if isinstance(continuation_contents, list):
                for continuation_section in continuation_contents:
                    if not isinstance(continuation_section, dict):
                        continue
                    continuation_items = try_get(
                        continuation_section,
                        (lambda x: x['reloadContinuationItemsCommand']['continuationItems'],
                         lambda x: x['appendContinuationItemsAction']['continuationItems']),
                        list) or []
                    if is_first_continuation:
                        total_comments, continuation = extract_header(continuation_items)
                        if total_comments:
                            yield total_comments
                        is_first_continuation = False
                        if continuation:
                            break
                        continue
                    count = 0
                    for count, entry in enumerate(extract_thread(continuation_items)):
                        yield entry
                    continuation = self._extract_continuation({'contents': continuation_items})
                    if continuation:
                        # Sometimes YouTube provides a continuation without any comments
                        # In most cases we end up just downloading these with very little comments to come.
                        if count == 0:
                            if not parent:
                                self.report_warning('No comments received - assuming end of comments')
                            continuation = None
                        break

            # Deprecated response structure
            elif isinstance(continuation_contents, dict):
                known_continuation_renderers = ('itemSectionContinuation', 'commentRepliesContinuation')
                for key, continuation_renderer in continuation_contents.items():
                    if key not in known_continuation_renderers:
                        continue
                    if not isinstance(continuation_renderer, dict):
                        continue
                    if is_first_continuation:
                        header_continuation_items = [continuation_renderer.get('header') or {}]
                        total_comments, continuation = extract_header(header_continuation_items)
                        if total_comments:
                            yield total_comments
                        is_first_continuation = False
                        if continuation:
                            break

                    # Sometimes YouTube provides a continuation without any comments
                    # In most cases we end up just downloading these with very little comments to come.
                    count = 0
                    for count, entry in enumerate(extract_thread(continuation_renderer.get('contents') or {})):
                        yield entry
                    continuation = self._extract_continuation(continuation_renderer)
                    if count == 0:
                        if not parent:
                            self.report_warning('No comments received - assuming end of comments')
                        continuation = None
                    break

    @staticmethod
    def _generate_comment_continuation(video_id):
        """
        Generates initial comment section continuation token from given video id
        """
        b64_vid_id = base64.b64encode(bytes(video_id.encode('utf-8')))
        parts = ('Eg0SCw==', b64_vid_id, 'GAYyJyIRIgs=', b64_vid_id, 'MAB4AjAAQhBjb21tZW50cy1zZWN0aW9u')
        new_continuation_intlist = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(
            [bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(part)) for part in parts]))
        return base64.b64encode(intlist_to_bytes(new_continuation_intlist)).decode('utf-8')

    def _extract_comments(self, ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage):
        """Entry for comment extraction"""
        def _real_comment_extract(contents):
            if isinstance(contents, list):
                for entry in contents:
                    for key, renderer in entry.items():
                        if key not in known_entry_comment_renderers:
                            continue
                        yield from self._comment_entries(
                            renderer, video_id=video_id, ytcfg=ytcfg,
                            identity_token=self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id=video_id),
                            account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg))
                        break
        comments = []
        known_entry_comment_renderers = ('itemSectionRenderer',)
        estimated_total = 0
        max_comments = int_or_none(self._configuration_arg('max_comments', [''])[0]) or float('inf')

        try:
            for comment in _real_comment_extract(contents):
                if len(comments) >= max_comments:
                    break
                if isinstance(comment, int):
                    estimated_total = comment
                    continue
                comments.append(comment)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            self.to_screen('Interrupted by user')
        self.to_screen('Downloaded %d/%d comments' % (len(comments), estimated_total))
        return {
            'comments': comments,
            'comment_count': len(comments),
        }

    @staticmethod
    def _generate_player_context(sts=None):
        context = {
            'html5Preference': 'HTML5_PREF_WANTS',
        }
        if sts is not None:
            context['signatureTimestamp'] = sts
        return {
            'playbackContext': {
                'contentPlaybackContext': context
            },
            'contentCheckOk': True,
            'racyCheckOk': True
        }

    def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, identity_token, player_url, initial_pr):

        session_index = self._extract_session_index(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg)
        syncid = self._extract_account_syncid(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg, initial_pr)
        sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, master_ytcfg, fatal=False)
        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
            player_ytcfg, identity_token, syncid,
            default_client=self._YT_CLIENTS[client], session_index=session_index)

        yt_query = {'videoId': video_id}
        yt_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
        return self._extract_response(
            item_id=video_id, ep='player', query=yt_query,
            ytcfg=player_ytcfg, headers=headers, fatal=False,
            default_client=self._YT_CLIENTS[client],
            note='Downloading %s player API JSON' % client.replace('_', ' ').strip()
        ) or None

    def _get_requested_clients(self, url, smuggled_data):
        requested_clients = []
        allowed_clients = [client for client in self._YT_CLIENTS.keys() if client[:1] != '_']
        for client in self._configuration_arg('player_client'):
            if client in allowed_clients:
                requested_clients.append(client)
            elif client == 'all':
                requested_clients.extend(allowed_clients)
            else:
                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unsupported client {client}')
        if not requested_clients:
            requested_clients = ['android', 'web']

        if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url') or self.is_music_url(url):
            requested_clients.extend(
                f'{client}_music' for client in requested_clients if not client.endswith('_music'))

        return orderedSet(requested_clients)

    def _extract_player_ytcfg(self, client, video_id):
        url = {
            'web_music': 'https://music.youtube.com',
            'web_embedded': f'https://www.youtube.com/embed/{video_id}?html5=1'
        }.get(client)
        if not url:
            return {}
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, fatal=False, note=f'Downloading {client} config')
        return self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or {}

    def _extract_player_responses(self, clients, video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg, player_url, identity_token):
        initial_pr = None
        if webpage:
            initial_pr = self._extract_yt_initial_variable(
                webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE,
                video_id, 'initial player response')

        original_clients = clients
        clients = clients[::-1]
        while clients:
            client = clients.pop()
            player_ytcfg = master_ytcfg if client == 'web' else {}
            if 'configs' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
                player_ytcfg = self._extract_player_ytcfg(client, video_id) or player_ytcfg
                if client == 'web_embedded':
                    # If we extracted the embed webpage, it'll tell us if we can view the video
                    embedded_pr = self._parse_json(
                        traverse_obj(player_ytcfg, ('PLAYER_VARS', 'embedded_player_response'), expected_type=str) or '{}',
                        video_id=video_id)
                    embedded_ps_reason = traverse_obj(embedded_pr, ('playabilityStatus', 'reason'), expected_type=str) or ''
                    if embedded_ps_reason in self._AGE_GATE_REASONS:
                        self.report_warning(f'Youtube said: {embedded_ps_reason}')
                        continue

            pr = (
                initial_pr if client == 'web' and initial_pr
                else self._extract_player_response(
                    client, video_id, player_ytcfg or master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, identity_token, player_url, initial_pr))
            if pr:
                yield pr

            if traverse_obj(pr, ('playabilityStatus', 'reason')) in self._AGE_GATE_REASONS:
                client = f'{client}_agegate'
                if client in self._YT_CLIENTS and client not in original_clients:
                    clients.append(client)

        # Android player_response does not have microFormats which are needed for
        # extraction of some data. So we return the initial_pr with formats
        # stripped out even if not requested by the user
        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/501
        if initial_pr and 'web' not in original_clients:
            initial_pr['streamingData'] = None
            yield initial_pr

    def _extract_formats(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live):
        itags, stream_ids = [], []
        itag_qualities, res_qualities = {}, {}
        q = qualities([
            # Normally tiny is the smallest video-only formats. But
            # audio-only formats with unknown quality may get tagged as tiny
            'tiny',
            'audio_quality_ultralow', 'audio_quality_low', 'audio_quality_medium', 'audio_quality_high',  # Audio only formats
            'small', 'medium', 'large', 'hd720', 'hd1080', 'hd1440', 'hd2160', 'hd2880', 'highres'
        ])
        streaming_formats = traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., ('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ...), default=[])

        for fmt in streaming_formats:
            if fmt.get('targetDurationSec') or fmt.get('drmFamilies'):
                continue

            itag = str_or_none(fmt.get('itag'))
            audio_track = fmt.get('audioTrack') or {}
            stream_id = '%s.%s' % (itag or '', audio_track.get('id', ''))
            if stream_id in stream_ids:
                continue

            quality = fmt.get('quality')
            height = int_or_none(fmt.get('height'))
            if quality == 'tiny' or not quality:
                quality = fmt.get('audioQuality', '').lower() or quality
            # The 3gp format (17) in android client has a quality of "small",
            # but is actually worse than other formats
            if itag == '17':
                quality = 'tiny'
            if quality:
                if itag:
                    itag_qualities[itag] = quality
                if height:
                    res_qualities[height] = quality
            # FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF(otf=1) requires downloading the init fragment
            # (adding `&sq=0` to the URL) and parsing emsg box to determine the
            # number of fragment that would subsequently requested with (`&sq=N`)
            if fmt.get('type') == 'FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF':
                continue

            fmt_url = fmt.get('url')
            if not fmt_url:
                sc = compat_parse_qs(fmt.get('signatureCipher'))
                fmt_url = url_or_none(try_get(sc, lambda x: x['url'][0]))
                encrypted_sig = try_get(sc, lambda x: x['s'][0])
                if not (sc and fmt_url and encrypted_sig):
                    continue
                if not player_url:
                    continue
                signature = self._decrypt_signature(sc['s'][0], video_id, player_url)
                sp = try_get(sc, lambda x: x['sp'][0]) or 'signature'
                fmt_url += '&' + sp + '=' + signature

            if itag:
                itags.append(itag)
                stream_ids.append(stream_id)

            tbr = float_or_none(
                fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)
            dct = {
                'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
                'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
                'format_id': itag,
                'format_note': ', '.join(filter(None, (
                    audio_track.get('displayName'),
                    fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality.replace('audio_quality_', '')))),
                'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')),
                'height': height,
                'quality': q(quality),
                'tbr': tbr,
                'url': fmt_url,
                'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
                'language': audio_track.get('id', '').split('.')[0],
            }
            mime_mobj = re.match(
                r'((?:[^/]+)/(?:[^;]+))(?:;\s*codecs="([^"]+)")?', fmt.get('mimeType') or '')
            if mime_mobj:
                dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(mime_mobj.group(1))
                dct.update(parse_codecs(mime_mobj.group(2)))
            no_audio = dct.get('acodec') == 'none'
            no_video = dct.get('vcodec') == 'none'
            if no_audio:
                dct['vbr'] = tbr
            if no_video:
                dct['abr'] = tbr
            if no_audio or no_video:
                dct['downloader_options'] = {
                    # Youtube throttles chunks >~10M
                    'http_chunk_size': 10485760,
                }
                if dct.get('ext'):
                    dct['container'] = dct['ext'] + '_dash'
            yield dct

        skip_manifests = self._configuration_arg('skip')
        get_dash = not is_live and 'dash' not in skip_manifests and self.get_param('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True)
        get_hls = 'hls' not in skip_manifests and self.get_param('youtube_include_hls_manifest', True)

        def guess_quality(f):
            for val, qdict in ((f.get('format_id'), itag_qualities), (f.get('height'), res_qualities)):
                if val in qdict:
                    return q(qdict[val])
            return -1

        for sd in streaming_data:
            hls_manifest_url = get_hls and sd.get('hlsManifestUrl')
            if hls_manifest_url:
                for f in self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False):
                    itag = self._search_regex(
                        r'/itag/(\d+)', f['url'], 'itag', default=None)
                    if itag in itags:
                        continue
                    if itag:
                        f['format_id'] = itag
                        itags.append(itag)
                    f['quality'] = guess_quality(f)
                    yield f

            dash_manifest_url = get_dash and sd.get('dashManifestUrl')
            if dash_manifest_url:
                for f in self._extract_mpd_formats(dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False):
                    itag = f['format_id']
                    if itag in itags:
                        continue
                    if itag:
                        itags.append(itag)
                    f['quality'] = guess_quality(f)
                    filesize = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                        r'/clen/(\d+)', f.get('fragment_base_url')
                        or f['url'], 'file size', default=None))
                    if filesize:
                        f['filesize'] = filesize
                    yield f

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
        video_id = self._match_id(url)

        base_url = self.http_scheme() + '//www.youtube.com/'
        webpage_url = base_url + 'watch?v=' + video_id
        webpage = self._download_webpage(
            webpage_url + '&bpctr=9999999999&has_verified=1', video_id, fatal=False)

        master_ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or self._get_default_ytcfg()
        player_url = self._extract_player_url(master_ytcfg, webpage)
        identity_token = self._extract_identity_token(webpage, video_id)

        player_responses = list(self._extract_player_responses(
            self._get_requested_clients(url, smuggled_data),
            video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg, player_url, identity_token))

        get_first = lambda obj, keys, **kwargs: traverse_obj(obj, (..., *variadic(keys)), **kwargs, get_all=False)

        playability_statuses = traverse_obj(
            player_responses, (..., 'playabilityStatus'), expected_type=dict, default=[])

        trailer_video_id = get_first(
            playability_statuses,
            ('errorScreen', 'playerLegacyDesktopYpcTrailerRenderer', 'trailerVideoId'),
            expected_type=str)
        if trailer_video_id:
            return self.url_result(
                trailer_video_id, self.ie_key(), trailer_video_id)

        search_meta = ((lambda x: self._html_search_meta(x, webpage, default=None))
                       if webpage else (lambda x: None))

        video_details = traverse_obj(
            player_responses, (..., 'videoDetails'), expected_type=dict, default=[])
        microformats = traverse_obj(
            player_responses, (..., 'microformat', 'playerMicroformatRenderer'),
            expected_type=dict, default=[])
        video_title = (
            get_first(video_details, 'title')
            or self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'title'))
            or search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title', 'title']))
        video_description = get_first(video_details, 'shortDescription')

        if not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed', False):
            if not self.get_param('noplaylist'):
                multifeed_metadata_list = get_first(
                    player_responses,
                    ('multicamera', 'playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer', 'metadataList'),
                    expected_type=str)
                if multifeed_metadata_list:
                    entries = []
                    feed_ids = []
                    for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
                        # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
                        # fields may contain comma as well (see
                        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
                        feed_data = compat_parse_qs(
                            compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(feed))

                        def feed_entry(name):
                            return try_get(
                                feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], compat_str)

                        feed_id = feed_entry('id')
                        if not feed_id:
                            continue
                        feed_title = feed_entry('title')
                        title = video_title
                        if feed_title:
                            title += ' (%s)' % feed_title
                        entries.append({
                            '_type': 'url_transparent',
                            'ie_key': 'Youtube',
                            'url': smuggle_url(
                                '%swatch?v=%s' % (base_url, feed_data['id'][0]),
                                {'force_singlefeed': True}),
                            'title': title,
                        })
                        feed_ids.append(feed_id)
                    self.to_screen(
                        'Downloading multifeed video (%s) - add --no-playlist to just download video %s'
                        % (', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
                    return self.playlist_result(
                        entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
            else:
                self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)

        live_broadcast_details = traverse_obj(microformats, (..., 'liveBroadcastDetails'))
        is_live = get_first(video_details, 'isLive')
        if is_live is None:
            is_live = get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'isLiveNow')

        streaming_data = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'streamingData'), default=[])
        formats = list(self._extract_formats(streaming_data, video_id, player_url, is_live))

        if not formats:
            if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., 'licenseInfos')):
                self.raise_no_formats(
                    'This video is DRM protected.', expected=True)
            pemr = get_first(
                playability_statuses,
                ('errorScreen', 'playerErrorMessageRenderer'), expected_type=dict) or {}
            reason = self._get_text(pemr, 'reason') or get_first(playability_statuses, 'reason')
            subreason = clean_html(self._get_text(pemr, 'subreason') or '')
            if subreason:
                if subreason == 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.':
                    countries = get_first(microformats, 'availableCountries')
                    if not countries:
                        regions_allowed = search_meta('regionsAllowed')
                        countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
                    self.raise_geo_restricted(subreason, countries, metadata_available=True)
                reason += f'. {subreason}'
            if reason:
                self.raise_no_formats(reason, expected=True)

        for f in formats:
            if '&c=WEB&' in f['url'] and '&ratebypass=yes&' not in f['url']:  # throttled
                f['source_preference'] = -10
                note = f.get('format_note')
                f['format_note'] = f'{note} (throttled)' if note else '(throttled)'

        # Source is given priority since formats that throttle are given lower source_preference
        # When throttling issue is fully fixed, remove this
        self._sort_formats(formats, ('quality', 'height', 'fps', 'source'))

        keywords = get_first(video_details, 'keywords', expected_type=list) or []
        if not keywords and webpage:
            keywords = [
                unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
                for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), webpage)]
        for keyword in keywords:
            if keyword.startswith('yt:stretch='):
                mobj = re.search(r'(\d+)\s*:\s*(\d+)', keyword)
                if mobj:
                    # NB: float is intentional for forcing float division
                    w, h = (float(v) for v in mobj.groups())
                    if w > 0 and h > 0:
                        ratio = w / h
                        for f in formats:
                            if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
                                f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
                        break

        thumbnails = []
        thumbnail_dicts = traverse_obj(
            (video_details, microformats), (..., ..., 'thumbnail', 'thumbnails', ...),
            expected_type=dict, default=[])
        for thumbnail in thumbnail_dicts:
            thumbnail_url = thumbnail.get('url')
            if not thumbnail_url:
                continue
            # Sometimes youtube gives a wrong thumbnail URL. See:
            # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/233
            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28023
            if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url:
                thumbnail_url = thumbnail_url.split('?')[0]
            thumbnails.append({
                'url': thumbnail_url,
                'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
                'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
            })
        thumbnail_url = search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'])
        if thumbnail_url:
            thumbnails.append({
                'url': thumbnail_url,
            })
        # The best resolution thumbnails sometimes does not appear in the webpage
        # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29049, https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/340
        # List of possible thumbnails - Ref: <https://stackoverflow.com/a/20542029>
        hq_thumbnail_names = ['maxresdefault', 'hq720', 'sddefault', 'sd1', 'sd2', 'sd3']
        # TODO: Test them also? - For some videos, even these don't exist
        guaranteed_thumbnail_names = [
            'hqdefault', 'hq1', 'hq2', 'hq3', '0',
            'mqdefault', 'mq1', 'mq2', 'mq3',
            'default', '1', '2', '3'
        ]
        thumbnail_names = hq_thumbnail_names + guaranteed_thumbnail_names
        n_thumbnail_names = len(thumbnail_names)

        thumbnails.extend({
            'url': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi{webp}/{video_id}/{name}{live}.{ext}'.format(
                video_id=video_id, name=name, ext=ext,
                webp='_webp' if ext == 'webp' else '', live='_live' if is_live else ''),
            '_test_url': name in hq_thumbnail_names,
        } for name in thumbnail_names for ext in ('webp', 'jpg'))
        for thumb in thumbnails:
            i = next((i for i, t in enumerate(thumbnail_names) if f'/{video_id}/{t}' in thumb['url']), n_thumbnail_names)
            thumb['preference'] = (0 if '.webp' in thumb['url'] else -1) - (2 * i)
        self._remove_duplicate_formats(thumbnails)

        category = get_first(microformats, 'category') or search_meta('genre')
        channel_id = str_or_none(
            get_first(video_details, 'channelId')
            or get_first(microformats, 'externalChannelId')
            or search_meta('channelId'))
        duration = int_or_none(
            get_first(video_details, 'lengthSeconds')
            or get_first(microformats, 'lengthSeconds')
            or parse_duration(search_meta('duration'))) or None
        owner_profile_url = get_first(microformats, 'ownerProfileUrl')

        live_content = get_first(video_details, 'isLiveContent')
        is_upcoming = get_first(video_details, 'isUpcoming')
        if is_live is None:
            if is_upcoming or live_content is False:
                is_live = False
        if is_upcoming is None and (live_content or is_live):
            is_upcoming = False
        live_starttime = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'startTimestamp'))
        live_endtime = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'endTimestamp'))
        if not duration and live_endtime and live_starttime:
            duration = live_endtime - live_starttime

        info = {
            'id': video_id,
            'title': self._live_title(video_title) if is_live else video_title,
            'formats': formats,
            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
            'description': video_description,
            'upload_date': unified_strdate(
                get_first(microformats, 'uploadDate')
                or search_meta('uploadDate')),
            'uploader': get_first(video_details, 'author'),
            'uploader_id': self._search_regex(r'/(?:channel|user)/([^/?&#]+)', owner_profile_url, 'uploader id') if owner_profile_url else None,
            'uploader_url': owner_profile_url,
            'channel_id': channel_id,
            'channel_url': f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}' if channel_id else None,
            'duration': duration,
            'view_count': int_or_none(
                get_first((video_details, microformats), (..., 'viewCount'))
                or search_meta('interactionCount')),
            'average_rating': float_or_none(get_first(video_details, 'averageRating')),
            'age_limit': 18 if (
                get_first(microformats, 'isFamilySafe') is False
                or search_meta('isFamilyFriendly') == 'false'
                or search_meta('og:restrictions:age') == '18+') else 0,
            'webpage_url': webpage_url,
            'categories': [category] if category else None,
            'tags': keywords,
            'playable_in_embed': get_first(playability_statuses, 'playableInEmbed'),
            'is_live': is_live,
            'was_live': (False if is_live or is_upcoming or live_content is False
                         else None if is_live is None or is_upcoming is None
                         else live_content),
            'live_status': 'is_upcoming' if is_upcoming else None,  # rest will be set by YoutubeDL
            'release_timestamp': live_starttime,
        }

        pctr = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
        # Converted into dicts to remove duplicates
        captions = {
            sub.get('baseUrl'): sub
            for sub in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'captionTracks', ...), default=[])}
        translation_languages = {
            lang.get('languageCode'): lang.get('languageName')
            for lang in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'translationLanguages', ...), default=[])}
        subtitles = {}
        if pctr:
            def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                lang_subs = container.setdefault(lang_code, [])
                for fmt in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
                    query.update({
                        'fmt': fmt,
                    })
                    lang_subs.append({
                        'ext': fmt,
                        'url': update_url_query(base_url, query),
                        'name': sub_name,
                    })

            for base_url, caption_track in captions.items():
                if not base_url:
                    continue
                if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
                    lang_code = (
                        remove_start(caption_track.get('vssId') or '', '.').replace('.', '-')
                        or caption_track.get('languageCode'))
                    if not lang_code:
                        continue
                    process_language(
                        subtitles, base_url, lang_code,
                        traverse_obj(caption_track, ('name', 'simpleText')),
                        {})
                    continue
                automatic_captions = {}
                for trans_code, trans_name in translation_languages.items():
                    if not trans_code:
                        continue
                    process_language(
                        automatic_captions, base_url, trans_code,
                        self._get_text(trans_name, max_runs=1),
                        {'tlang': trans_code})
                info['automatic_captions'] = automatic_captions
        info['subtitles'] = subtitles

        parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url)
        for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
            query = compat_parse_qs(component)
            for k, v in query.items():
                for d_k, s_ks in [('start', ('start', 't')), ('end', ('end',))]:
                    d_k += '_time'
                    if d_k not in info and k in s_ks:
                        info[d_k] = parse_duration(query[k][0])

        # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
        if video_description:
            mobj = re.search(r'(?s)(?P<track>[^·\n]+)·(?P<artist>[^\n]+)\n+(?P<album>[^\n]+)(?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?(?:.+?Released on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?(.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))?.+\nAuto-generated by YouTube\.\s*$', video_description)
            if mobj:
                release_year = mobj.group('release_year')
                release_date = mobj.group('release_date')
                if release_date:
                    release_date = release_date.replace('-', '')
                    if not release_year:
                        release_year = release_date[:4]
                info.update({
                    'album': mobj.group('album'.strip()),
                    'artist': mobj.group('clean_artist') or ', '.join(a.strip() for a in mobj.group('artist').split('·')),
                    'track': mobj.group('track').strip(),
                    'release_date': release_date,
                    'release_year': int_or_none(release_year),
                })

        initial_data = None
        if webpage:
            initial_data = self._extract_yt_initial_variable(
                webpage, self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, video_id,
                'yt initial data')
        if not initial_data:
            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
                master_ytcfg, identity_token, self._extract_account_syncid(master_ytcfg),
                session_index=self._extract_session_index(master_ytcfg))

            initial_data = self._extract_response(
                item_id=video_id, ep='next', fatal=False,
                ytcfg=master_ytcfg, headers=headers, query={'videoId': video_id},
                note='Downloading initial data API JSON')

        try:
            # This will error if there is no livechat
            initial_data['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['conversationBar']['liveChatRenderer']['continuations'][0]['reloadContinuationData']['continuation']
            info['subtitles']['live_chat'] = [{
                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=%s' % video_id,  # url is needed to set cookies
                'video_id': video_id,
                'ext': 'json',
                'protocol': 'youtube_live_chat' if is_live or is_upcoming else 'youtube_live_chat_replay',
            }]
        except (KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
            pass

        if initial_data:
            info['chapters'] = (
                self._extract_chapters_from_json(initial_data, duration)
                or self._extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(initial_data, duration)
                or None)

            contents = try_get(
                initial_data,
                lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['results']['results']['contents'],
                list) or []
            for content in contents:
                vpir = content.get('videoPrimaryInfoRenderer')
                if vpir:
                    stl = vpir.get('superTitleLink')
                    if stl:
                        stl = self._get_text(stl)
                        if try_get(
                                vpir,
                                lambda x: x['superTitleIcon']['iconType']) == 'LOCATION_PIN':
                            info['location'] = stl
                        else:
                            mobj = re.search(r'(.+?)\s*S(\d+)\s*•\s*E(\d+)', stl)
                            if mobj:
                                info.update({
                                    'series': mobj.group(1),
                                    'season_number': int(mobj.group(2)),
                                    'episode_number': int(mobj.group(3)),
                                })
                    for tlb in (try_get(
                            vpir,
                            lambda x: x['videoActions']['menuRenderer']['topLevelButtons'],
                            list) or []):
                        tbr = tlb.get('toggleButtonRenderer') or {}
                        for getter, regex in [(
                                lambda x: x['defaultText']['accessibility']['accessibilityData'],
                                r'(?P<count>[\d,]+)\s*(?P<type>(?:dis)?like)'), ([
                                    lambda x: x['accessibility'],
                                    lambda x: x['accessibilityData']['accessibilityData'],
                                ], r'(?P<type>(?:dis)?like) this video along with (?P<count>[\d,]+) other people')]:
                            label = (try_get(tbr, getter, dict) or {}).get('label')
                            if label:
                                mobj = re.match(regex, label)
                                if mobj:
                                    info[mobj.group('type') + '_count'] = str_to_int(mobj.group('count'))
                                    break
                    sbr_tooltip = try_get(
                        vpir, lambda x: x['sentimentBar']['sentimentBarRenderer']['tooltip'])
                    if sbr_tooltip:
                        like_count, dislike_count = sbr_tooltip.split(' / ')
                        info.update({
                            'like_count': str_to_int(like_count),
                            'dislike_count': str_to_int(dislike_count),
                        })
                vsir = content.get('videoSecondaryInfoRenderer')
                if vsir:
                    info['channel'] = self._get_text(vsir, ('owner', 'videoOwnerRenderer', 'title'))
                    rows = try_get(
                        vsir,
                        lambda x: x['metadataRowContainer']['metadataRowContainerRenderer']['rows'],
                        list) or []
                    multiple_songs = False
                    for row in rows:
                        if try_get(row, lambda x: x['metadataRowRenderer']['hasDividerLine']) is True:
                            multiple_songs = True
                            break
                    for row in rows:
                        mrr = row.get('metadataRowRenderer') or {}
                        mrr_title = mrr.get('title')
                        if not mrr_title:
                            continue
                        mrr_title = self._get_text(mrr, 'title')
                        mrr_contents_text = self._get_text(mrr, ('contents', 0))
                        if mrr_title == 'License':
                            info['license'] = mrr_contents_text
                        elif not multiple_songs:
                            if mrr_title == 'Album':
                                info['album'] = mrr_contents_text
                            elif mrr_title == 'Artist':
                                info['artist'] = mrr_contents_text
                            elif mrr_title == 'Song':
                                info['track'] = mrr_contents_text

        fallbacks = {
            'channel': 'uploader',
            'channel_id': 'uploader_id',
            'channel_url': 'uploader_url',
        }
        for to, frm in fallbacks.items():
            if not info.get(to):
                info[to] = info.get(frm)

        for s_k, d_k in [('artist', 'creator'), ('track', 'alt_title')]:
            v = info.get(s_k)
            if v:
                info[d_k] = v

        is_private = get_first(video_details, 'isPrivate', expected_type=bool)
        is_unlisted = get_first(microformats, 'isUnlisted', expected_type=bool)
        is_membersonly = None
        is_premium = None
        if initial_data and is_private is not None:
            is_membersonly = False
            is_premium = False
            contents = try_get(initial_data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['results']['results']['contents'], list) or []
            badge_labels = set()
            for content in contents:
                if not isinstance(content, dict):
                    continue
                badge_labels.update(self._extract_badges(content.get('videoPrimaryInfoRenderer')))
            for badge_label in badge_labels:
                if badge_label.lower() == 'members only':
                    is_membersonly = True
                elif badge_label.lower() == 'premium':
                    is_premium = True
                elif badge_label.lower() == 'unlisted':
                    is_unlisted = True

        info['availability'] = self._availability(
            is_private=is_private,
            needs_premium=is_premium,
            needs_subscription=is_membersonly,
            needs_auth=info['age_limit'] >= 18,
            is_unlisted=None if is_private is None else is_unlisted)

        # get xsrf for annotations or comments
        get_annotations = self.get_param('writeannotations', False)
        get_comments = self.get_param('getcomments', False)
        if get_annotations or get_comments:
            xsrf_token = None
            if master_ytcfg:
                xsrf_token = try_get(master_ytcfg, lambda x: x['XSRF_TOKEN'], compat_str)
            if not xsrf_token:
                xsrf_token = self._search_regex(
                    r'([\'"])XSRF_TOKEN\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_token>(?:(?!\2).)+)\2',
                    webpage, 'xsrf token', group='xsrf_token', fatal=False)

        # annotations
        if get_annotations:
            invideo_url = get_first(
                player_responses,
                ('annotations', 0, 'playerAnnotationsUrlsRenderer', 'invideoUrl'),
                expected_type=str)
            if xsrf_token and invideo_url:
                xsrf_field_name = None
                if master_ytcfg:
                    xsrf_field_name = try_get(master_ytcfg, lambda x: x['XSRF_FIELD_NAME'], compat_str)
                if not xsrf_field_name:
                    xsrf_field_name = self._search_regex(
                        r'([\'"])XSRF_FIELD_NAME\1\s*:\s*([\'"])(?P<xsrf_field_name>\w+)\2',
                        webpage, 'xsrf field name',
                        group='xsrf_field_name', default='session_token')
                info['annotations'] = self._download_webpage(
                    self._proto_relative_url(invideo_url),
                    video_id, note='Downloading annotations',
                    errnote='Unable to download video annotations', fatal=False,
                    data=urlencode_postdata({xsrf_field_name: xsrf_token}))

        if get_comments:
            info['__post_extractor'] = lambda: self._extract_comments(master_ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage)

        self.mark_watched(video_id, player_responses)

        return info


class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com tab'
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                    https?://
                        (?:\w+\.)?
                        (?:
                            youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
                            invidio\.us
                        )/
                        (?:
                            (?P<channel_type>channel|c|user|browse)/|
                            (?P<not_channel>
                                feed/|hashtag/|
                                (?:playlist|watch)\?.*?\blist=
                            )|
                            (?!(?:%s)\b)  # Direct URLs
                        )
                        (?P<id>[^/?\#&]+)
                    ''' % YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._RESERVED_NAMES
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:tab'

    _TESTS = [{
        'note': 'playlists, multipage',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ИгорьКлейнер/playlists?view=1&flow=grid',
        'playlist_mincount': 94,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'title': 'Игорь Клейнер - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:be97ee0f14ee314f1f002cf187166ee2',
            'uploader': 'Игорь Клейнер',
            'uploader_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
        },
    }, {
        'note': 'playlists, multipage, different order',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
        'playlist_mincount': 94,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'title': 'Игорь Клейнер - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:be97ee0f14ee314f1f002cf187166ee2',
            'uploader_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'uploader': 'Игорь Клейнер',
        },
    }, {
        'note': 'playlists, series',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=3',
        'playlist_mincount': 5,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:e1384e8a133307dd10edee76e875d62f',
            'uploader_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
        },
    }, {
        'note': 'playlists, singlepage',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
        'playlist_mincount': 4,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
            'title': 'ThirstForScience - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:609399d937ea957b0f53cbffb747a14c',
            'uploader': 'ThirstForScience',
            'uploader_id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
        }
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChristophLaimer/playlists',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'basic, single video playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
        'info_dict': {
            'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
            'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
            'title': 'youtube-dl public playlist',
        },
        'playlist_count': 1,
    }, {
        'note': 'empty playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
        'info_dict': {
            'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
            'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
            'title': 'youtube-dl empty playlist',
        },
        'playlist_count': 0,
    }, {
        'note': 'Home tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/featured',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Home',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 2,
    }, {
        'note': 'Videos tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/videos',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Videos',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 975,
    }, {
        'note': 'Videos tab, sorted by popular',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/videos?view=0&sort=p&flow=grid',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Videos',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 199,
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlists tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/playlists',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 17,
    }, {
        'note': 'Community tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/community',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Community',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 18,
    }, {
        'note': 'Channels tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/channels',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
            'title': 'lex will - Channels',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'uploader': 'lex will',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 12,
    }, {
        'note': 'Search tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/search?query=linear%20algebra',
        'playlist_mincount': 40,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Search - linear algebra',
            'description': 'md5:e1384e8a133307dd10edee76e875d62f',
            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
            'uploader_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': '29C3: Not my department',
            'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
            'uploader': 'Christiaan008',
            'uploader_id': 'UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
            'description': 'md5:a14dc1a8ef8307a9807fe136a0660268',
        },
        'playlist_count': 96,
    }, {
        'note': 'Large playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
            'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
            'uploader': 'Cauchemar',
            'uploader_id': 'UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 1123,
    }, {
        'note': 'even larger playlist, 8832 videos',
        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/NASAgovVideo/videos',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
            'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
            'uploader': 'Interstellar Movie',
            'uploader_id': 'UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 21,
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlist with "show unavailable videos" button',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Uploads from Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
            'id': 'UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
            'uploader': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
            'uploader_id': 'UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 200,
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlist with unavailable videos in page 7',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Uploads from BlankTV',
            'id': 'UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
            'uploader': 'BlankTV',
            'uploader_id': 'UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 1000,
    }, {
        'note': 'https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/21844',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'Data Analysis with Dr Mike Pound',
            'id': 'PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
            'uploader_id': 'UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
            'uploader': 'Computerphile',
            'description': 'md5:7f567c574d13d3f8c0954d9ffee4e487',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 11,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://invidio.us/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlist URL that does not actually serve a playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
            'ext': 'webm',
            'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
            'uploader': 'STREEM',
            'uploader_id': 'UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
            'upload_date': '20150526',
            'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
            'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
            'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
            'tags': list,
            'view_count': int,
            'like_count': int,
            'dislike_count': int,
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        },
        'skip': 'This video is not available.',
        'add_ie': [YoutubeIE.ie_key()],
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=Agk7R8I8o5U&list=PUZ6jURNr1WQZCNHF0ao-c0g',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuAGGZNfUkU&list=RDMM',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ/live',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'FMtPN8yp5LU',  # This will keep changing
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': compat_str,
            'uploader': 'Sky News',
            'uploader_id': 'skynews',
            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/skynews',
            'upload_date': r're:\d{8}',
            'description': compat_str,
            'categories': ['News & Politics'],
            'tags': list,
            'like_count': int,
            'dislike_count': int,
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        },
        'expected_warnings': ['Downloading just video ', 'Ignoring subtitle tracks found in '],
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheYoungTurks/live',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
            'uploader': 'The Young Turks',
            'uploader_id': 'TheYoungTurks',
            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheYoungTurks',
            'upload_date': '20150715',
            'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
            'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
            'categories': ['News & Politics'],
            'tags': ['Cenk Uygur (TV Program Creator)', 'The Young Turks (Award-Winning Work)', 'Talk Show (TV Genre)'],
            'like_count': int,
            'dislike_count': int,
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        },
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yBKRuGpC1tSM73A0ZjYjQ/live',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/CommanderVideoHq/live',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'A channel that is not live. Should raise error',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/numberphile/live',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/trending',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/library',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/history',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/subscriptions',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/watch_later',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Recommended - redirects to home page',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'inline playlist with not always working continuations',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UC6u0Tct-Fo&list=PL36D642111D65BE7C',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/course?list=ECUl4u3cNGP61MdtwGTqZA0MreSaDybji8',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/course',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/zsecurity',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/NASAgovVideo/videos',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/hashtag/cctv9',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'cctv9',
            'title': '#cctv9',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 350,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLW4dVinRY435CBE_JD3t-0SRXKfnZHS1P&feature=youtu.be&v=M9cJMXmQ_ZU',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'note': 'Requires Premium: should request additional YTM-info webpage (and have format 141) for videos in playlist',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
        'only_matching': True
    }, {
        'note': '/browse/ should redirect to /channel/',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC1a8OFewdjuLq6KlF8M_8Ng',
        'only_matching': True
    }, {
        'note': 'VLPL, should redirect to playlist?list=PL...',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/VLPLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'PLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
            'uploader': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
            'description': 'Providing you with copyright free / safe music for gaming, live streaming, studying and more!',
            'uploader_id': 'UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
            'title': 'NCS Releases',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 166,
    }, {
        'note': 'Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'uploader_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
            'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
        },
        'expected_warnings': [
            'A channel/user page was given',
            'The URL does not have a videos tab',
        ],
        'playlist_mincount': 101,
    }, {
        'note': 'Topic without a UU playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
            'title': 'UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
        },
        'expected_warnings': [
            'A channel/user page was given',
            'The URL does not have a videos tab',
            'Falling back to channel URL',
        ],
        'playlist_mincount': 9,
    }, {
        'note': 'Youtube music Album',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/MPREb_gTAcphH99wE',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'OLAK5uy_l1m0thk3g31NmIIz_vMIbWtyv7eZixlH0',
            'title': 'Album - Royalty Free Music Library V2 (50 Songs)',
        },
        'playlist_count': 50,
    }, {
        'note': 'unlisted single video playlist',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
        'info_dict': {
            'uploader_id': 'UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
            'uploader': 'colethedj',
            'id': 'PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
            'title': 'yt-dlp unlisted playlist test',
            'availability': 'unlisted'
        },
        'playlist_count': 1,
    }]

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
        return False if YoutubeIE.suitable(url) else super(
            YoutubeTabIE, cls).suitable(url)

    def _extract_channel_id(self, webpage):
        channel_id = self._html_search_meta(
            'channelId', webpage, 'channel id', default=None)
        if channel_id:
            return channel_id
        channel_url = self._html_search_meta(
            ('og:url', 'al:ios:url', 'al:android:url', 'al:web:url',
             'twitter:url', 'twitter:app:url:iphone', 'twitter:app:url:ipad',
             'twitter:app:url:googleplay'), webpage, 'channel url')
        return self._search_regex(
            r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/([^/?#&])+',
            channel_url, 'channel id')

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_basic_item_renderer(item):
        # Modified from _extract_grid_item_renderer
        known_basic_renderers = (
            'playlistRenderer', 'videoRenderer', 'channelRenderer', 'showRenderer'
        )
        for key, renderer in item.items():
            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                continue
            elif key in known_basic_renderers:
                return renderer
            elif key.startswith('grid') and key.endswith('Renderer'):
                return renderer

    def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
        for item in grid_renderer['items']:
            if not isinstance(item, dict):
                continue
            renderer = self._extract_basic_item_renderer(item)
            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                continue
            title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')

            # playlist
            playlist_id = renderer.get('playlistId')
            if playlist_id:
                yield self.url_result(
                    'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id,
                    ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
                    video_title=title)
                continue
            # video
            video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
            if video_id:
                yield self._extract_video(renderer)
                continue
            # channel
            channel_id = renderer.get('channelId')
            if channel_id:
                yield self.url_result(
                    'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % channel_id,
                    ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_title=title)
                continue
            # generic endpoint URL support
            ep_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', try_get(
                renderer, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
                compat_str))
            if ep_url:
                for ie in (YoutubeTabIE, YoutubePlaylistIE, YoutubeIE):
                    if ie.suitable(ep_url):
                        yield self.url_result(
                            ep_url, ie=ie.ie_key(), video_id=ie._match_id(ep_url), video_title=title)
                        break

    def _shelf_entries_from_content(self, shelf_renderer):
        content = shelf_renderer.get('content')
        if not isinstance(content, dict):
            return
        renderer = content.get('gridRenderer') or content.get('expandedShelfContentsRenderer')
        if renderer:
            # TODO: add support for nested playlists so each shelf is processed
            # as separate playlist
            # TODO: this includes only first N items
            for entry in self._grid_entries(renderer):
                yield entry
        renderer = content.get('horizontalListRenderer')
        if renderer:
            # TODO
            pass

    def _shelf_entries(self, shelf_renderer, skip_channels=False):
        ep = try_get(
            shelf_renderer, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
            compat_str)
        shelf_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', ep)
        if shelf_url:
            # Skipping links to another channels, note that checking for
            # endpoint.commandMetadata.webCommandMetadata.webPageTypwebPageType == WEB_PAGE_TYPE_CHANNEL
            # will not work
            if skip_channels and '/channels?' in shelf_url:
                return
            title = self._get_text(shelf_renderer, 'title')
            yield self.url_result(shelf_url, video_title=title)
        # Shelf may not contain shelf URL, fallback to extraction from content
        for entry in self._shelf_entries_from_content(shelf_renderer):
            yield entry

    def _playlist_entries(self, video_list_renderer):
        for content in video_list_renderer['contents']:
            if not isinstance(content, dict):
                continue
            renderer = content.get('playlistVideoRenderer') or content.get('playlistPanelVideoRenderer')
            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                continue
            video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
            if not video_id:
                continue
            yield self._extract_video(renderer)

    def _rich_entries(self, rich_grid_renderer):
        renderer = try_get(
            rich_grid_renderer, lambda x: x['content']['videoRenderer'], dict) or {}
        video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
        if not video_id:
            return
        yield self._extract_video(renderer)

    def _video_entry(self, video_renderer):
        video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
        if video_id:
            return self._extract_video(video_renderer)

    def _post_thread_entries(self, post_thread_renderer):
        post_renderer = try_get(
            post_thread_renderer, lambda x: x['post']['backstagePostRenderer'], dict)
        if not post_renderer:
            return
        # video attachment
        video_renderer = try_get(
            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['videoRenderer'], dict) or {}
        video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
        if video_id:
            entry = self._extract_video(video_renderer)
            if entry:
                yield entry
        # playlist attachment
        playlist_id = try_get(
            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['playlistRenderer']['playlistId'], compat_str)
        if playlist_id:
            yield self.url_result(
                'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id,
                ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
        # inline video links
        runs = try_get(post_renderer, lambda x: x['contentText']['runs'], list) or []
        for run in runs:
            if not isinstance(run, dict):
                continue
            ep_url = try_get(
                run, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['urlEndpoint']['url'], compat_str)
            if not ep_url:
                continue
            if not YoutubeIE.suitable(ep_url):
                continue
            ep_video_id = YoutubeIE._match_id(ep_url)
            if video_id == ep_video_id:
                continue
            yield self.url_result(ep_url, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=ep_video_id)

    def _post_thread_continuation_entries(self, post_thread_continuation):
        contents = post_thread_continuation.get('contents')
        if not isinstance(contents, list):
            return
        for content in contents:
            renderer = content.get('backstagePostThreadRenderer')
            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
                continue
            for entry in self._post_thread_entries(renderer):
                yield entry

    r''' # unused
    def _rich_grid_entries(self, contents):
        for content in contents:
            video_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['richItemRenderer']['content']['videoRenderer'], dict)
            if video_renderer:
                entry = self._video_entry(video_renderer)
                if entry:
                    yield entry
    '''
    def _entries(self, tab, item_id, identity_token, account_syncid, ytcfg):

        def extract_entries(parent_renderer):  # this needs to called again for continuation to work with feeds
            contents = try_get(parent_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
            for content in contents:
                if not isinstance(content, dict):
                    continue
                is_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['itemSectionRenderer'], dict)
                if not is_renderer:
                    renderer = content.get('richItemRenderer')
                    if renderer:
                        for entry in self._rich_entries(renderer):
                            yield entry
                        continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(parent_renderer)
                    continue
                isr_contents = try_get(is_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
                for isr_content in isr_contents:
                    if not isinstance(isr_content, dict):
                        continue

                    known_renderers = {
                        'playlistVideoListRenderer': self._playlist_entries,
                        'gridRenderer': self._grid_entries,
                        'shelfRenderer': lambda x: self._shelf_entries(x, tab.get('title') != 'Channels'),
                        'backstagePostThreadRenderer': self._post_thread_entries,
                        'videoRenderer': lambda x: [self._video_entry(x)],
                    }
                    for key, renderer in isr_content.items():
                        if key not in known_renderers:
                            continue
                        for entry in known_renderers[key](renderer):
                            if entry:
                                yield entry
                        continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(renderer)
                        break

                if not continuation_list[0]:
                    continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(is_renderer)

            if not continuation_list[0]:
                continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(parent_renderer)

        continuation_list = [None]  # Python 2 doesnot support nonlocal
        tab_content = try_get(tab, lambda x: x['content'], dict)
        if not tab_content:
            return
        parent_renderer = (
            try_get(tab_content, lambda x: x['sectionListRenderer'], dict)
            or try_get(tab_content, lambda x: x['richGridRenderer'], dict) or {})
        for entry in extract_entries(parent_renderer):
            yield entry
        continuation = continuation_list[0]
        visitor_data = None

        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
            if not continuation:
                break
            headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg, identity_token, account_syncid, visitor_data)
            response = self._extract_response(
                item_id='%s page %s' % (item_id, page_num),
                query=continuation, headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
                check_get_keys=('continuationContents', 'onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'))

            if not response:
                break
            visitor_data = try_get(
                response, lambda x: x['responseContext']['visitorData'], compat_str) or visitor_data

            known_continuation_renderers = {
                'playlistVideoListContinuation': self._playlist_entries,
                'gridContinuation': self._grid_entries,
                'itemSectionContinuation': self._post_thread_continuation_entries,
                'sectionListContinuation': extract_entries,  # for feeds
            }
            continuation_contents = try_get(
                response, lambda x: x['continuationContents'], dict) or {}
            continuation_renderer = None
            for key, value in continuation_contents.items():
                if key not in known_continuation_renderers:
                    continue
                continuation_renderer = value
                continuation_list = [None]
                for entry in known_continuation_renderers[key](continuation_renderer):
                    yield entry
                continuation = continuation_list[0] or self._extract_continuation(continuation_renderer)
                break
            if continuation_renderer:
                continue

            known_renderers = {
                'gridPlaylistRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
                'gridVideoRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
                'gridChannelRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
                'playlistVideoRenderer': (self._playlist_entries, 'contents'),
                'itemSectionRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for feeds
                'richItemRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for hashtag
                'backstagePostThreadRenderer': (self._post_thread_continuation_entries, 'contents')
            }
            on_response_received = dict_get(response, ('onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'))
            continuation_items = try_get(
                on_response_received, lambda x: x[0]['appendContinuationItemsAction']['continuationItems'], list)
            continuation_item = try_get(continuation_items, lambda x: x[0], dict) or {}
            video_items_renderer = None
            for key, value in continuation_item.items():
                if key not in known_renderers:
                    continue
                video_items_renderer = {known_renderers[key][1]: continuation_items}
                continuation_list = [None]
                for entry in known_renderers[key][0](video_items_renderer):
                    yield entry
                continuation = continuation_list[0] or self._extract_continuation(video_items_renderer)
                break
            if video_items_renderer:
                continue
            break

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_selected_tab(tabs):
        for tab in tabs:
            renderer = dict_get(tab, ('tabRenderer', 'expandableTabRenderer')) or {}
            if renderer.get('selected') is True:
                return renderer
        else:
            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find selected tab')

    @classmethod
    def _extract_uploader(cls, data):
        uploader = {}
        renderer = cls._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarSecondaryInfoRenderer') or {}
        owner = try_get(
            renderer, lambda x: x['videoOwner']['videoOwnerRenderer']['title']['runs'][0], dict)
        if owner:
            uploader['uploader'] = owner.get('text')
            uploader['uploader_id'] = try_get(
                owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], compat_str)
            uploader['uploader_url'] = urljoin(
                'https://www.youtube.com/',
                try_get(owner, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['canonicalBaseUrl'], compat_str))
        return {k: v for k, v in uploader.items() if v is not None}

    def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, webpage, data, tabs):
        playlist_id = title = description = channel_url = channel_name = channel_id = None
        thumbnails_list = tags = []

        selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
        renderer = try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['metadata']['channelMetadataRenderer'], dict)
        if renderer:
            channel_name = renderer.get('title')
            channel_url = renderer.get('channelUrl')
            channel_id = renderer.get('externalId')
        else:
            renderer = try_get(
                data, lambda x: x['metadata']['playlistMetadataRenderer'], dict)

        if renderer:
            title = renderer.get('title')
            description = renderer.get('description', '')
            playlist_id = channel_id
            tags = renderer.get('keywords', '').split()
            thumbnails_list = (
                try_get(renderer, lambda x: x['avatar']['thumbnails'], list)
                or try_get(
                    self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer'),
                    lambda x: x['thumbnailRenderer']['playlistVideoThumbnailRenderer']['thumbnail']['thumbnails'],
                    list)
                or [])

        thumbnails = []
        for t in thumbnails_list:
            if not isinstance(t, dict):
                continue
            thumbnail_url = url_or_none(t.get('url'))
            if not thumbnail_url:
                continue
            thumbnails.append({
                'url': thumbnail_url,
                'width': int_or_none(t.get('width')),
                'height': int_or_none(t.get('height')),
            })
        if playlist_id is None:
            playlist_id = item_id
        if title is None:
            title = (
                try_get(data, lambda x: x['header']['hashtagHeaderRenderer']['hashtag']['simpleText'])
                or playlist_id)
        title += format_field(selected_tab, 'title', ' - %s')
        title += format_field(selected_tab, 'expandedText', ' - %s')
        metadata = {
            'playlist_id': playlist_id,
            'playlist_title': title,
            'playlist_description': description,
            'uploader': channel_name,
            'uploader_id': channel_id,
            'uploader_url': channel_url,
            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
            'tags': tags,
        }
        availability = self._extract_availability(data)
        if availability:
            metadata['availability'] = availability
        if not channel_id:
            metadata.update(self._extract_uploader(data))
        metadata.update({
            'channel': metadata['uploader'],
            'channel_id': metadata['uploader_id'],
            'channel_url': metadata['uploader_url']})
        ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
        return self.playlist_result(
            self._entries(
                selected_tab, playlist_id,
                self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id),
                self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data), ytcfg),
            **metadata)

    def _extract_mix_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, webpage):
        first_id = last_id = None
        ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(playlist_id, webpage)
        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
            ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
            identity_token=self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id=playlist_id))
        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
            videos = list(self._playlist_entries(playlist))
            if not videos:
                return
            start = next((i for i, v in enumerate(videos) if v['id'] == last_id), -1) + 1
            if start >= len(videos):
                return
            for video in videos[start:]:
                if video['id'] == first_id:
                    self.to_screen('First video %s found again; Assuming end of Mix' % first_id)
                    return
                yield video
            first_id = first_id or videos[0]['id']
            last_id = videos[-1]['id']
            watch_endpoint = try_get(
                playlist, lambda x: x['contents'][-1]['playlistPanelVideoRenderer']['navigationEndpoint']['watchEndpoint'])
            query = {
                'playlistId': playlist_id,
                'videoId': watch_endpoint.get('videoId') or last_id,
                'index': watch_endpoint.get('index') or len(videos),
                'params': watch_endpoint.get('params') or 'OAE%3D'
            }
            response = self._extract_response(
                item_id='%s page %d' % (playlist_id, page_num),
                query=query, ep='next', headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
                check_get_keys='contents'
            )
            playlist = try_get(
                response, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)

    def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist, webpage):
        title = playlist.get('title') or try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['titleText']['simpleText'], compat_str)
        playlist_id = playlist.get('playlistId') or item_id

        # Delegating everything except mix playlists to regular tab-based playlist URL
        playlist_url = urljoin(url, try_get(
            playlist, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
            compat_str))
        if playlist_url and playlist_url != url:
            return self.url_result(
                playlist_url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
                video_title=title)

        return self.playlist_result(
            self._extract_mix_playlist(playlist, playlist_id, data, webpage),
            playlist_id=playlist_id, playlist_title=title)

    def _extract_availability(self, data):
        """
        Gets the availability of a given playlist/tab.
        Note: Unless YouTube tells us explicitly, we do not assume it is public
        @param data: response
        """
        is_private = is_unlisted = None
        renderer = self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer') or {}
        badge_labels = self._extract_badges(renderer)

        # Personal playlists, when authenticated, have a dropdown visibility selector instead of a badge
        privacy_dropdown_entries = try_get(
            renderer, lambda x: x['privacyForm']['dropdownFormFieldRenderer']['dropdown']['dropdownRenderer']['entries'], list) or []
        for renderer_dict in privacy_dropdown_entries:
            is_selected = try_get(
                renderer_dict, lambda x: x['privacyDropdownItemRenderer']['isSelected'], bool) or False
            if not is_selected:
                continue
            label = self._get_text(renderer_dict, ('privacyDropdownItemRenderer', 'label'))
            if label:
                badge_labels.add(label.lower())
                break

        for badge_label in badge_labels:
            if badge_label == 'unlisted':
                is_unlisted = True
            elif badge_label == 'private':
                is_private = True
            elif badge_label == 'public':
                is_unlisted = is_private = False
        return self._availability(is_private, False, False, False, is_unlisted)

    @staticmethod
    def _extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, info_renderer, expected_type=dict):
        sidebar_renderer = try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['sidebar']['playlistSidebarRenderer']['items'], list) or []
        for item in sidebar_renderer:
            renderer = try_get(item, lambda x: x[info_renderer], expected_type)
            if renderer:
                return renderer

    def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, webpage):
        """
        Get playlist with unavailable videos if the 'show unavailable videos' button exists.
        """
        browse_id = params = None
        renderer = self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer')
        if not renderer:
            return
        menu_renderer = try_get(
            renderer, lambda x: x['menu']['menuRenderer']['items'], list) or []
        for menu_item in menu_renderer:
            if not isinstance(menu_item, dict):
                continue
            nav_item_renderer = menu_item.get('menuNavigationItemRenderer')
            text = try_get(
                nav_item_renderer, lambda x: x['text']['simpleText'], compat_str)
            if not text or text.lower() != 'show unavailable videos':
                continue
            browse_endpoint = try_get(
                nav_item_renderer, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['browseEndpoint'], dict) or {}
            browse_id = browse_endpoint.get('browseId')
            params = browse_endpoint.get('params')
            break

        ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
            ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
            identity_token=self._extract_identity_token(webpage, item_id=item_id),
            visitor_data=try_get(
                self._extract_context(ytcfg), lambda x: x['client']['visitorData'], compat_str))
        query = {
            'params': params or 'wgYCCAA=',
            'browseId': browse_id or 'VL%s' % item_id
        }
        return self._extract_response(
            item_id=item_id, headers=headers, query=query,
            check_get_keys='contents', fatal=False, ytcfg=ytcfg,
            note='Downloading API JSON with unavailable videos')

    def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id):
        retries = self.get_param('extractor_retries', 3)
        count = -1
        last_error = 'Incomplete yt initial data recieved'
        while count < retries:
            count += 1
            # Sometimes youtube returns a webpage with incomplete ytInitialData
            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/116
            if count:
                self.report_warning('%s. Retrying ...' % last_error)
            webpage = self._download_webpage(
                url, item_id,
                'Downloading webpage%s' % (' (retry #%d)' % count if count else ''))
            data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(item_id, webpage)
            if data.get('contents') or data.get('currentVideoEndpoint'):
                break
            # Extract alerts here only when there is error
            self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
            if count >= retries:
                raise ExtractorError(last_error)
        return webpage, data

    @staticmethod
    def _smuggle_data(entries, data):
        for entry in entries:
            if data:
                entry['url'] = smuggle_url(entry['url'], data)
            yield entry

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
        if self.is_music_url(url):
            smuggled_data['is_music_url'] = True
        info_dict = self.__real_extract(url, smuggled_data)
        if info_dict.get('entries'):
            info_dict['entries'] = self._smuggle_data(info_dict['entries'], smuggled_data)
        return info_dict

    _url_re = re.compile(r'(?P<pre>%s)(?(channel_type)(?P<tab>/\w+))?(?P<post>.*)$' % _VALID_URL)

    def __real_extract(self, url, smuggled_data):
        item_id = self._match_id(url)
        url = compat_urlparse.urlunparse(
            compat_urlparse.urlparse(url)._replace(netloc='www.youtube.com'))
        compat_opts = self.get_param('compat_opts', [])

        def get_mobj(url):
            mobj = self._url_re.match(url).groupdict()
            mobj.update((k, '') for k, v in mobj.items() if v is None)
            return mobj

        mobj = get_mobj(url)
        # Youtube returns incomplete data if tabname is not lower case
        pre, tab, post, is_channel = mobj['pre'], mobj['tab'].lower(), mobj['post'], not mobj['not_channel']

        if is_channel:
            if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url'):
                if item_id[:2] == 'VL':
                    # Youtube music VL channels have an equivalent playlist
                    item_id = item_id[2:]
                    pre, tab, post, is_channel = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % item_id, '', '', False
                elif item_id[:2] == 'MP':
                    # Youtube music albums (/channel/MP...) have a OLAK playlist that can be extracted from the webpage
                    item_id = self._search_regex(
                        r'\\x22audioPlaylistId\\x22:\\x22([0-9A-Za-z_-]+)\\x22',
                        self._download_webpage('https://music.youtube.com/channel/%s' % item_id, item_id),
                        'playlist id')
                    pre, tab, post, is_channel = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % item_id, '', '', False
                elif mobj['channel_type'] == 'browse':
                    # Youtube music /browse/ should be changed to /channel/
                    pre = 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s' % item_id
        if is_channel and not tab and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
            # Home URLs should redirect to /videos/
            self.report_warning(
                'A channel/user page was given. All the channel\'s videos will be downloaded. '
                'To download only the videos in the home page, add a "/featured" to the URL')
            tab = '/videos'

        url = ''.join((pre, tab, post))
        mobj = get_mobj(url)

        # Handle both video/playlist URLs
        qs = parse_qs(url)
        video_id = qs.get('v', [None])[0]
        playlist_id = qs.get('list', [None])[0]

        if not video_id and mobj['not_channel'].startswith('watch'):
            if not playlist_id:
                # If there is neither video or playlist ids, youtube redirects to home page, which is undesirable
                raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')
            # Common mistake: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=playlist_id
            self.report_warning('A video URL was given without video ID. Trying to download playlist %s' % playlist_id)
            url = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s' % playlist_id
            mobj = get_mobj(url)

        if video_id and playlist_id:
            if self.get_param('noplaylist'):
                self.to_screen('Downloading just video %s because of --no-playlist' % video_id)
                return self.url_result(video_id, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
            self.to_screen('Downloading playlist %s; add --no-playlist to just download video %s' % (playlist_id, video_id))

        webpage, data = self._extract_webpage(url, item_id)

        tabs = try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer']['tabs'], list)
        if tabs:
            selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
            tab_name = selected_tab.get('title', '')
            if 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
                if mobj['tab'] == '/live':
                    # Live tab should have redirected to the video
                    raise ExtractorError('The channel is not currently live', expected=True)
                if mobj['tab'] == '/videos' and tab_name.lower() != mobj['tab'][1:]:
                    if not mobj['not_channel'] and item_id[:2] == 'UC':
                        # Topic channels don't have /videos. Use the equivalent playlist instead
                        self.report_warning('The URL does not have a %s tab. Trying to redirect to playlist UU%s instead' % (mobj['tab'][1:], item_id[2:]))
                        pl_id = 'UU%s' % item_id[2:]
                        pl_url = 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=%s%s' % (pl_id, mobj['post'])
                        try:
                            pl_webpage, pl_data = self._extract_webpage(pl_url, pl_id)
                            for alert_type, alert_message in self._extract_alerts(pl_data):
                                if alert_type == 'error':
                                    raise ExtractorError('Youtube said: %s' % alert_message)
                            item_id, url, webpage, data = pl_id, pl_url, pl_webpage, pl_data
                        except ExtractorError:
                            self.report_warning('The playlist gave error. Falling back to channel URL')
                    else:
                        self.report_warning('The URL does not have a %s tab. %s is being downloaded instead' % (mobj['tab'][1:], tab_name))

        self.write_debug('Final URL: %s' % url)

        # YouTube sometimes provides a button to reload playlist with unavailable videos.
        if 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos' not in compat_opts:
            data = self._reload_with_unavailable_videos(item_id, data, webpage) or data
        self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
        tabs = try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer']['tabs'], list)
        if tabs:
            return self._extract_from_tabs(item_id, webpage, data, tabs)

        playlist = try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)
        if playlist:
            return self._extract_from_playlist(item_id, url, data, playlist, webpage)

        video_id = try_get(
            data, lambda x: x['currentVideoEndpoint']['watchEndpoint']['videoId'],
            compat_str) or video_id
        if video_id:
            if mobj['tab'] != '/live':  # live tab is expected to redirect to video
                self.report_warning('Unable to recognize playlist. Downloading just video %s' % video_id)
            return self.url_result(video_id, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)

        raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')


class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com playlists'
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)(?:
                        (?:https?://)?
                        (?:\w+\.)?
                        (?:
                            (?:
                                youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
                                invidio\.us
                            )
                            /.*?\?.*?\blist=
                        )?
                        (?P<id>%(playlist_id)s)
                     )''' % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
    _TESTS = [{
        'note': 'issue #673',
        'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
            'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
            'uploader': 'Wickydoo',
            'uploader_id': 'UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
            'description': 'md5:8fa6f52abb47a9552002fa3ddfc57fc2',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 29,
    }, {
        'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
            'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
        },
        'playlist_count': 2,
        'skip': 'This playlist is private',
    }, {
        'note': 'embedded',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
        'playlist_count': 4,
        'info_dict': {
            'title': 'JODA15',
            'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
            'uploader': 'milan',
            'uploader_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
        }
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
        'playlist_mincount': 654,
        'info_dict': {
            'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
            'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
            'uploader': 'LBK',
            'uploader_id': 'UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
            'description': 'md5:da521864744d60a198e3a88af4db0d9d',
        }
    }, {
        'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        # music album playlist
        'url': 'OLAK5uy_m4xAFdmMC5rX3Ji3g93pQe3hqLZw_9LhM',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
        if YoutubeTabIE.suitable(url):
            return False
        # Hack for lazy extractors until more generic solution is implemented
        # (see #28780)
        from .youtube import parse_qs
        qs = parse_qs(url)
        if qs.get('v', [None])[0]:
            return False
        return super(YoutubePlaylistIE, cls).suitable(url)

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
        is_music_url = YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor.is_music_url(url)
        url = update_url_query(
            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist',
            parse_qs(url) or {'list': playlist_id})
        if is_music_url:
            url = smuggle_url(url, {'is_music_url': True})
        return self.url_result(url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)


class YoutubeYtBeIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'youtu.be'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://youtu\.be/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})/*?.*?\blist=(?P<playlist_id>%(playlist_id)s)' % {'playlist_id': YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE}
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
            'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
            'uploader_id': 'backuspagemuseum',
            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/backuspagemuseum',
            'upload_date': '20161008',
            'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
            'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
            'tags': list,
            'like_count': int,
            'dislike_count': int,
        },
        'params': {
            'noplaylist': True,
            'skip_download': True,
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, url)
        video_id = mobj.group('id')
        playlist_id = mobj.group('playlist_id')
        return self.url_result(
            update_url_query('https://www.youtube.com/watch', {
                'v': video_id,
                'list': playlist_id,
                'feature': 'youtu.be',
            }), ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)


class YoutubeYtUserIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com user videos, URL or "ytuser" keyword'
    _VALID_URL = r'ytuser:(?P<id>.+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        user_id = self._match_id(url)
        return self.url_result(
            'https://www.youtube.com/user/%s' % user_id,
            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=user_id)


class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com liked videos, ":ytfav" for short (requires authentication)'
    _VALID_URL = r':ytfav(?:ou?rite)?s?'
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ytfav',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': ':ytfavorites',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        return self.url_result(
            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=LL',
            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())


class YoutubeSearchIE(SearchInfoExtractor, YoutubeTabIE):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, "ytsearch" keyword'
    # there doesn't appear to be a real limit, for example if you search for
    # 'python' you get more than 8.000.000 results
    _MAX_RESULTS = float('inf')
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
    _SEARCH_PARAMS = None
    _TESTS = []

    def _entries(self, query, n):
        data = {'query': query}
        if self._SEARCH_PARAMS:
            data['params'] = self._SEARCH_PARAMS
        total = 0
        continuation = {}
        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
            data.update(continuation)
            search = self._extract_response(
                item_id='query "%s" page %s' % (query, page_num), ep='search', query=data,
                check_get_keys=('contents', 'onResponseReceivedCommands')
            )
            if not search:
                break
            slr_contents = try_get(
                search,
                (lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnSearchResultsRenderer']['primaryContents']['sectionListRenderer']['contents'],
                 lambda x: x['onResponseReceivedCommands'][0]['appendContinuationItemsAction']['continuationItems']),
                list)
            if not slr_contents:
                break

            # Youtube sometimes adds promoted content to searches,
            # changing the index location of videos and token.
            # So we search through all entries till we find them.
            continuation = None
            for slr_content in slr_contents:
                if not continuation:
                    continuation = self._extract_continuation({'contents': [slr_content]})

                isr_contents = try_get(
                    slr_content,
                    lambda x: x['itemSectionRenderer']['contents'],
                    list)
                if not isr_contents:
                    continue
                for content in isr_contents:
                    if not isinstance(content, dict):
                        continue
                    video = content.get('videoRenderer')
                    if not isinstance(video, dict):
                        continue
                    video_id = video.get('videoId')
                    if not video_id:
                        continue

                    yield self._extract_video(video)
                    total += 1
                    if total == n:
                        return

            if not continuation:
                break

    def _get_n_results(self, query, n):
        """Get a specified number of results for a query"""
        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(query, n), query, query)


class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com searches, newest videos first, "ytsearchdate" keyword'
    _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'CAI%3D'


class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeSearchIE):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com search URLs'
    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + '_url'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/results\?(.*?&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&]|$)'
    # _MAX_RESULTS = 100
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
        'playlist_mincount': 5,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
        }
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    @classmethod
    def _make_valid_url(cls):
        return cls._VALID_URL

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        qs = compat_parse_qs(compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(url).query)
        query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
        self._SEARCH_PARAMS = qs.get('sp', ('',))[0]
        return self._get_n_results(query, self._MAX_RESULTS)


class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeTabIE):
    """
    Base class for feed extractors
    Subclasses must define the _FEED_NAME property.
    """
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
    _TESTS = []

    @property
    def IE_NAME(self):
        return 'youtube:%s' % self._FEED_NAME

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        return self.url_result(
            'https://www.youtube.com/feed/%s' % self._FEED_NAME,
            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())


class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list, ":ytwatchlater" for short (requires authentication)'
    _VALID_URL = r':ytwatchlater'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ytwatchlater',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        return self.url_result(
            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())


class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com recommended videos, ":ytrec" for short (requires authentication)'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/?(?:[?#]|$)|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
    _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ytrec',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': ':ytrecommended',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://youtube.com',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]


class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'YouTube.com subscriptions feed, ":ytsubs" for short (requires authentication)'
    _VALID_URL = r':ytsub(?:scription)?s?'
    _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ytsubs',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': ':ytsubscriptions',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]


class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history, ":ythis" for short (requires authentication)'
    _VALID_URL = r':ythis(?:tory)?'
    _FEED_NAME = 'history'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': ':ythistory',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]


class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
        (?:https?://)?
        (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
        (?:watch\?(?:
            feature=[a-z_]+|
            annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
            x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
            hl=[^&]*|
            t=[0-9]+
        )?
        |
            attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
        )
        $
    '''

    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        raise ExtractorError(
            'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
            'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
            'like  youtube-dl '
            '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
            ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
            expected=True)


class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'

    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        raise ExtractorError(
            'Incomplete YouTube ID %s. URL %s looks truncated.' % (video_id, url),
            expected=True)